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上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年度第二学期高三线上期中考试英语试卷（本试卷满分150分，120分钟完成。）第I卷(80’)I.ListeningComprehension(25’)SectionA(10’)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.At12:30.B.At13:00.C.At13:30.D.At14:00.2.A.Inahospital.B.Inapolicestation.C.Inagarage.D.Inapost-office.3.A.Washclothes.B.Cleanthebackyard.C.Sitinthebackyard.D.Enjoythetea.4.A.Hedoesn’twanttowatchTVtonight.B.Hepreferstowatchthebaseballgame.C.He’dratherseethemovie.D.Hehasn’tdecidedwhattowatchtonight.5.A.Howtocheckcomputerfiles.B.Howtowritecomputerprograms.C.Howtoapplyforacomputercourse.D.Howtoassembleacomputer.6.A.Shethinksitwrongtochooseeitherofthebooks.B.Shefindsitdifficulttochooseonefromthetwobooks.C.ShethinkseitherofthebookswillbeOk.DShedoesn’tlikeeitherofthetwobooks.7.A.Theapplicationhasbeendelayedforaweek.B.Thejobhasbeenofferedtosomeoneelse.C.Themanisnotsuitablefortheposition.D.Themanlackstherelevantexperience.8.A.Ambitious.B.Diligent.C.Aggressive.D.Considerate.9.A.Sheisstrictwithdiscipline.B.Shehasmissedsomelessons.C.Shecan’tgivegoodlessons.D.Shefailstobehaveherself.10.A.Workingconditionsshouldbeimprovedfortheemployees.
B.Theemployeesshouldbesatisfiedwiththepresentworkingconditions.C.Hedoesn’tthinktheemployeesshouldhavetheprotest.D.Heisdoubtfulabouttheeffectoftheemployees’action.SectionB(15’)Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandalongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedsomequestionsonthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassageandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Ajewelryshop.B.ShopsintheCityMall.C.Aparkedtruck.D.Adriverintheparkinglot.12.A.Leavethetrucktogether.B.Runbacktothetruckwithouthelmets.C.Runbacktothetruckseparately.D.Leavethetruckwithouthelmets.13.A.Thetruckwasoriginallypaintedwhite.B.Thetruckhadnoregistrationplate.C.Thetruckdisappearedfromtheparkinglot.D.Thetruckwascoveredwithsilvermaterial.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Inordertoprotecttheweakandoldones.B.Inordertoshowbeautifulshapeofthem.C.Inordertomaintainphysicalstrength.D.Inordertokeepteamworkspirit.15.A.Howthebirdsdecidetheorderofthegroup.B.Howthebirdsdecidetherouteofthegroup.C.Howthebirdsdecidethetimeofflyingofthegroup.D.Howthebirdsdecidewhotakeschargeofthegroup.16.A.Birds’abilitytokeeporder.B.Birds’flyingpatternasateam.C.Birds’intentiontomigrate.D.Birds’skillstotelldirections.Questions17through18arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Beautifulsceneryinthecountryside.B.Cross-countryskiing.C.Dangersofwintersports.D.Painandpleasureinsports.18.A.Hecan’tfindgoodexamplestoillustratehispoint.
B.Hecan’tfindapeacefulplacetodotheassignment.C.Hecan’tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.D.Hedoesn’tknowhowtodescribethebeautifulcountryscenery.19.A.Newideascomeupasyouwrite.B.Muchtimeisspentoncollectingdata.C.It’shardtofindapropertopic.D.Thewriter’spointofviewoftenchanges.20.A.Howtoreviseapaperinanacademicmanner.B.Howtopolishyourargumentsinapaper.C.Howtotellthemainideasinapapereffectively.D.Howtodecideonrelevantcontentforapaper.II.Vocabulary(10’)Directions:FillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromtheboxEachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.communityB.emergingC.addressD.effortlesslyE.vehicleF.encouragedI.challengeG.noticeablyH.welcomingJ.prioritizedK.lackThePowerofPoetry“Thankyouforleadingustotheseplacesofcomfort,”oneparticipantsaid.“Ithelpedmefeelconnectedtoagreatersenseofbeing,whichissoneededduringthesetimes.”Herwordsechoed(和……共鸣)manyoftheparticipants’feelingsinFindingComfort,thefirstinstallmentoftheHopeStorytellingProject.Wewereinspiredtocreatetheproject,aseriesofvirtualpoetryworkshopsheldinpartnershipwiththeCambridgePublicLibraryandtheLasVegas-ClarkCountyLibraryDistrict,forasimplereason:tocreate____1____throughpoetry.Inthistimeofsocialisolationanduncertainty,theneedformeaningfulconnectionsismoreapparentthanever.Thelongerthepandemiccontinues,we,asanation,arequicklyrealizinghowthereisa(n)____2____oftoolstofightthegrowingfeelingsofloneliness.Thereforewedecidedtousepoetryasa(n)____3____forconnection:tocultivateasafespacewherefreeexpressionis____4____,differentopinionsaretolerated,andsharingstoriesofferstherapeuticreflection.Throughthecombinationofintrospectivewritingandopengroupdiscussions,wehavebuiltamodelinwhichpoetrycandirectly____5____feelingsofloneliness.Oneofthemostpowerfulandsimplewaysofdealingwithemotionalissuesiscommunicatingandlisteningtootherswithourundividedattentionandopenminds.Therefore,indesigningtheHopeStorytellingProject,we____6____designingourworkshopsforthatparticularpurpose—tousepoetryasawaytohealthrough
individualreflectionandgroupdiscussion.Dividedintofiveparts(FindingComfort,OnPerspective,ApproachingEmotion,BeingaWitnessandANewHope),theHopeStorytellingProjectseekstoguideparticipantsthroughdifferentformsofwritingpoetry,andfinally,touplifteachotherandcreateasenseofunity.Inourfirstworkshop,participantssharedchildhoodstories,memoriesaboutlovedones,andaboutthethingstheymissed,suchashiking,goingtoworkorsimplyhuggingafriend.Inthespanofanhour,thevirtualspacefelt____7____moretight-knit,warmedbysharedpoemsandexperiences.Asweclosed,manyparticipantsnotedhowthisworkshop____8____offeredthespacetosimplywrite,listenandconnect.Itistimetorecognizehowpowerfulcreativeexpression,throughmediumssuchaspoetry,canbeintimesofdespair,andwebelieveallaspectsofpoetry—reading,writingandsharing—canserveasanincrediblecureforloneliness.Intimeslikethese,poetrywill____9____ustoimagineandtoconsiderourjourneyswithinthecollectivelandscape,andwecanusethistohealandtocreatemeaningfulconnections.Poetrycanbea(n)_____10_____mediumofcomfortandbeauty,remindingusofhowwewereallcloselyconnected,eveninisolation.III.ReadingComprehension(45’)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.THEcolourfulchalkboardsandbasketsoffruitthatgreetcustomersattheentrancesofWholeFoodsMarket’sshopspaintarosypicture.YetsharesintheAmericanselleroforganicandnaturalfoodhavefallenbymorethan40%sincehittinga____11____lastOctober,inaperiodwhenstockmarketshavebeenstrong.Itisnotthattheretailerisin____12____crisis:itslatestquarterlyfigures,onJuly30th,showedsalesandprofitsbothupabit.Anditisnotthatpeopleare____13____theideaofpayingmoreforfoodproducedwithoutchemicalfertilizers,pesticidesoradditives.TheproblemisthatatWholeFoods,shoppershavebeenpayingwayoverthecostofregularproduce,anditssuccessingettingthemtodosohasnowattractedalotof____14____,fromrivalorganicschainslikeSproutsandTraderJoe’stomass-marketretailerslikeWalmartandCostco.____15____thepricepremium(价格溢价)fororganicproduceiscrashingdown.Onarecentshoppingtrip,apoundoforganicapplescost2.99atWholeFoodsbutjust1.99atSproutsandevenlessatCostco.Thefirmhasbeencuttingcoststokeepitsmarginsup,buttheslump(骤降)initssharepricereflectsinvestors’expectationthatthiscannotcontinue,thatprofitswill____16____andthatWholeFoods’____17____ofthemarketiscomingtoanend.Thatthecompanyhashadtorecallanumberofproducts—inlateJulyitandothergrocersrecalledplums
andpeachessuspectedofcontaminationwithListeriabacteria—hasmadeit____18____tomaintainanairofsuperiorityoveritscompetitors.Organicfoods’claimtosuperiorityis____19____anyway.BothBritain’sFoodStandardsAgencyandtheAnnalsofInternalMedicineajournal,concludedafter____20____theextensivestudiesontheissuethatthereisnosubstantialdifferenceinthenutritiousnessoforganicsandnon-organics.Insomerespectsorganicsmaybebadfortheenvironment,becausegrowingthemuseslandlessefficientlythannon-organics.Asfor“natural”foods,thereisnoofficialdefinitionofthis,inAmericaatleast;sothelabel,whichWholeFoodsalsoappliestomanyproducts,iscloseto____21____.AlanMcHughenarguesthatthewholeindustryis“99%marketingandpublicperception,”reeling(迷惑)peopleinthroughafabricatedconceptofatimewhenfood,andlifeingeneral,wassimpleand____22____.Iftrue,thetrickhasworkednicelyforWholeFoods.Butitssuccesshasattractedsomanyimitatorsthatitislosingits____23____.Evenrecentspeculationaboutatakeoverbidhasfailedtoliftits____24____.Itmayinsistitsfoodis____25____.Butitseemsitspricesarenot.11.A.crashB.dealC.peakD.blow12.A.desperateB.immediateC.magnificentD.widespread13.A.goingoffB.turningoverC.breakingawayD.gettingthrough14.A.participantsB.competitorsC.contractorsD.supervisors15.A.What’smoreB.AsaresultC.OnthecontraryD.Instead16.A.increaseB.withdrawC.blockD.suffer17.A.guidanceB.independenceC.dominanceD.influence18.A.harderB.bolderC.wiserD.worse19.A.agreeableB.considerableC.comparableD.questionable20.A.monitoringB.modifyingC.rejectingD.reviewing21.A.meaninglessB.carelessC.mindlessD.thoughtless22.A.unansweredB.uncheckedC.unsettledD.unprocessed23.A.priorityB.propertyC.uniquenessD.standard24.A.pricesB.sharesC.brandD.market25.A.comprehensiveB.steadyC.revolutionaryD.sustainableSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.
Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Perhapsitistimeforfarmerstoputtheirfeetupnowthatrobotsareusedtoinspectcrops,digupweeds,andevenhavebecomeshepherds,too.Commercialgrowingfieldsareastronomicallyhugeandtakethousandsofman-hourstooperate.OneprimeexampleisoneofAustralia’smostisolatedcattlestations,SuplejackDownsintheNorthernTerritory,extendingacross4,000squarekilometers,takingover13hourstoreachbycarfromthenearestmajortown—AliceSprings.Theextremeisolationofthesemassivefarmsleavesthemoftenunattended,andmonitoredonlyonceortwiceayear,whichmeansifthelivestockfallsillorrequiresassistance,itcanbealongtimeforfarmerstodiscover.However,robotsarecomingtotherescue.Robotsarecurrentlyunderatwo-yeartrialinWaleswhichwilltrain‘farmbots’toherd,monitorthehealthoflivestock,andmakesurethereisenoughpastureforthemtograzeon.Therobotsareequippedwithmanysensorstoidentifyconditionsoftheenvironment,cattleandfood,usingthermalandvisionsensorsthatdetectchangesinbodytemperature.“You’vealsogotcolor,textureandshapesensorslookingdownatthegroundtocheckpasturequality,”saysSalahSukkariehoftheUniversityofSydney,whowillcarryouttrialsonseveralfarmsincentralNewSouthWales.Duringthetrials,therobotalgorithmsandmechanicswillbefine-tunedtomakeitbettersuitedtoailinglivestockandensureitsafelynavigatesaroundpotentialhazardsincludingtrees,mud,swamps,andhills.“Wewanttoimprovethequalityofanimalhealthandmakeiteasierforfarmerstomaintainlargelandscapeswhereanimalsroamfree,”saysSukkarieh.Therobotsarenotlimitedtoherdingandmonitoringlivestock.Theyhavebeencreatedtocountindividualfruit,inspectcrops,andevenpullweeds.Manyrobotsareequippedwithhigh-techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgorithmstoavoidinjuringhumansastheyworksidebyside.Therobotsalsolearnthemostefficientandsafestpassages,andallowengineersandfarmerstoanalyzeandbetteroptimizetheattributesandtasksoftherobot,aswellasprovidealivestreamofreal-timefeedbackonexactlywhatishappeningonthefarms.Ofcourse,someworryliesinreplacingagriculturalworkers.However,itisfarmersthatarepushingfortheadvancementsduetoever-increasinglaborvacancies,makingitdifficulttomaintainlarge-scaleoperations.
Therobotshaveprovidedmajorbenefitstofarmersinvariousways,fromhuntingandpullingweedstomonitoringtheconditionofeverysinglefruit.Futurefarmswilllikelyexperienceagreaterdealofautonomyasrobotstakeupmoreandmorefarmworkefficiently.26.Whatmayfarmersbeabletodowithrobotsappearingonthefarmingscene?A.Upgradefarmproduce.B.Enjoymoreleisurehours.C.Modifythegenesofcrops.D.Cutdownfarmingcosts.27Whatwill‘farmbots’beexpectedtodo?A.Takeupmanyofthefarmers’routines.B.Providemedicaltreatmentsforlivestock.C.Leadthetrendinfarmingtheworldover.D.Improvethequalityofpasturesforgrazing.28.Whatcanrobotsdowhenequippedwithhigh-techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgorithms?A.Helpfarmerschoosethemostefficientandsafestpassages.B.Helpfarmerssimplifytheirfarmingtasksandmanagement.C.Allowfarmerstolearninstantlywhatisoccurringonthefarm.D.Allowfarmerstogivethemreal-timeinstructionsonwhattodo.29.Whyarefarmerspressingforroboticfarming?A.Farmingcostsarefastincreasing.B.Roboticstechnologyismaturing.C.Roboticfanningisthetrend.D.Laborshortageisworsening.(B)TheindigenouspeoplelivingintheAmazonarefacinggravethreats.PhotographerCharlieHamiltonJamesspentamonthwithindigenousgroups;overall,hehasspentayearandahalfintheAmazon.InterviewedbySusanGoldberg,EditorofNationalGeographic,hetalkedaboutthechallengesandresponsibilitiesoftakingphotosinthissetting.GoldbergJamesSomeofthepeopleyoutookpicturesYoucangoinwithtwomind-sets:Youcangointoshowhow
ofintheAmazonhavelittlecontactoutsideoftheirowncommunities.Howdoyouapproachpeopleinsituationslikethis?differentpeopleare,oryoucangointoshowhowsimilarweare.Ifyougointoshowhowdifferentweare,whatyoutendtoshowisromanticbutprimitiveaspectsoftheirculture.Myinterestisinphotographingsomefellowhumanbeings,andI’mreallyinterestedinhowsimilarweallare.Ijustwanttoshowpeoplelivingaspeoplelive,inthemosthonestwayIcan.Soyoufeellikeyou’retryingtobearoundpeopleandjustcapturetheirhumanity,thesamewayyouwouldinNewYork?Absolutely.TheotherdayIwasphotographingcowboysbrandingcows,andIapproachedthatsituationinnodifferentwaythanIapproachtheindigenouspeopleintheAmazon.Tomeit’sexactlythesame.Ihaven’tcomewithanypreconceptions,andIthinkthat’shelpedme.We’vegoneforhundredsofyearsintotheseremoteplaces,andwe’veconfirmedandreconfirmedtheseideasofwhatthesepeopleshouldbe.Andmostofthemarewrong.Ifyouthrowawayyourpreconceptions,andjustgoandhangoutwiththepeopleandtakepictures,Ithinkit’safarmorehonestwayofconveyingwhatpeopleareactuallylike.OneofthepicturesIreallylikedshowsthevillagerswiththeirturtlesbathingthemintheriver,andIthoughtthatwasthemostcharmingphotograph.Ican’tspeakfortheturtles,asIhearsomeofthembecomedinner—butthepeoplearelaughingandobviouslyenjoythemselves.Theyletyouintothatscene.Therewasnobarrieratall.Everyonewasjustrelaxedwithme,we’reallhavingfun,soI’mjustwanderingaroundinmyunderpantsintheriver,takingthesepictures.They’realllaughingatme.ItwasthemostbeautifulexperienceI’veeverhad.OneofthereasonsIlikeitisbecauseeveryone’slaughing.Nowadays,wetendtoshowthemiserablesideofindigenouslifeintheAmazon:Thetreesarebeingcutdown,everything’sbad,andweshowthesepeoplewithsadfaces.Theworldisthreatening—buttheystillhavefun,andIwasreallykeentoshowthat.30.WhatisthepurposeofthephotographerintakingpicturesoftheindigenouspeopleintheAmazon?A.Tointroducehisreaderstothepeoplewhoseemdifferentfromus.B.Tocapturethetruthofwhat’shappeningintheindigenouspeople’slives.C.Toshowthegravethreatsfacingtheindigenouspeople.
D.Totellabeautifulstoryofanisolatedandprimitivepeople.31.Whichofthefollowingwasthephotographermostunlikelytodowhenapproachingtheindigenouspeople?A.Sittingrelaxedlyamongthem.B.Laughingcheerfullywiththem.C.Communicatingwiththemintheirlanguage.D.Watchingthemcooking,hunting,orplaying.32.Inthephotographer’seyes,whataretheindigenouspeopleactuallylike?A.Theyarefriendlyandsimple,thoughhavinglittlecontactwiththeoutsideworld.B.Theymaintainamysteriousandromanticculture.C.Theywouldwillinglyacceptstrangersastheirfamilymembers.D.Theyliketobetakenpicturesofintheirowncommunities.(C)Mostmanagerscanidentifythemajortrendsoftheday.Butinthecourseofconductingresearchinanumberofindustriesandworkingdirectlywithcompanies,wehavediscoveredthatmanagersoftenfailtorecognizethelessobviousbutprofoundwaysthesetrendsareinfluencingconsumers’aspirations,attitudes,andbehaviors.Thisisespeciallytrueoftrendsthatmanagersviewasperipheraltotheircoremarkets.ExpertsfromHarvardBusinessSchoolgivesomeadvicetomanagers.Onestrategy,knownas‘infuseandaugment’,istodesignaproductorservicethatkeepsmostoftheattributesandfunctionsofexistingproductsinthecategorybutaddsothersthataddresstheneedsanddesiresunleashedbyamajortrend.AcaseinpointisthePoppyrangeofhandbags,whichthefirmCoachcreatedinresponsetotheeconomicdownturnof2008.TheCoachbrandhadbeenasymbolofwealthandluxuryfornearly70years,andthemostobviousreactiontothedownturnwouldhavebeentolowerprices.However,thatwouldhaveriskedcheapeningthebrand’simage.Instead,theyinitiatedaconsumer-researchprojectwhichrevealedthatcustomerswereeagertoliftthemselvesandthecountryoutoftoughtimes.Usingtheseinsights,Coachlaunchedthelower-pricedPoppyhandbags,whichwereinbrightcolors,andlookedmoreyouthfulandplayfulthanconventionalCoachproducts.Creatingthesub-brandallowedCoachtoavoidanacross-the-boardpricecut.Incontrasttothemanycompaniesthatrespondedtotherecessionbycuttingprices,Coachsawthenewconsumermindsetasanopportunityforinnovationandrenewal.Amoreradicalstrategyis‘combineandtranscend’.Thisinvolvescombiningaspectsoftheproduct’sexistingvaluepropositionwithattributesaddressingchangesarisingfromatrend,tocreateanovelexperience-onethatmaylandthecompanyinanentirelynewmarketspace.Atfirstglance,spendingresourcestoincorporate
elementsofaseeminglyirrelevanttrendintoone’scoreofferingssoundslikeit’shardlyworthwhile.ButconsiderNike’smovetointegratethedigitalrevolutionintoitsreputationforhigh-performanceathleticfootwear.In2006,theyteamedupwithtechnologycompanyAppletolaunchNike+,adigitalsportskitcomprisingasensorthatattachestotherunningshoeandawirelessreceiverthatconnectstotheuser’siPod.BycombiningNike’soriginalvaluepropositionforamateurathleteswithonefordigitalconsumers,theNike+sportskitandwebinterfacemovedthecompanyfromafocusonathleticappareltoanewplaneofengagementwithitscustomers.Onceyouhavegainedperspectiveonhowtrend-relatedchangesinconsumeropinionsandbehaviorsimpactonyourcategory,youcandeterminewhichofourinnovationstrategiestopursue.Trends--technological,economic,environmental,social,orpolitical—thataffecthowpeopleperceivetheworldaroundthemandshapewhattheyexpectfromproductsandservicespresentfirmswithuniqueopportunitiesforgrowth.33.Theunderlinedword“peripheral”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto__________.A.marginalB.importantC.subjectD.relevant34.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,Coachwasanxiousto________.A.followwhatsomeofitscompetitorsweredoingB.maintainitspricesthroughoutitsrangeC.safeguarditsreputationasamanufacturerofluxurygoodsD.modifytheentirelookofitsbrandtosuittheeconomicclimate35.WhatdoesthewritersuggestaboutNike’sstrategy?A.Itwasanextremelyriskystrategyatthetime.B.itwasastrategythatonlyamajorcompanycouldaffordtofollow.C.Itwasthetypeofstrategythatwouldnothavebeenpossibleinthepast.D.Itwasthekindofstrategythatmightappeartohavefewobviousbenefits.36.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably______.A.KnowingmoreaboutyourcustomersB.MakingthemostoftrendsC.EyesonstrategiesD.FollowingtheadviceSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgenerals,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonot
knowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,orlaunchedaseagoingboat,orcalculatedthelengthoftheyear,butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Peoplethinkagreatdealofthem,somuchthatonallthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworldyouwillfindthefigureofaconquerororageneral._____37_____.Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Animalsfight,sodosavages;hencetobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewayinwhichananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilized._____38_____.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbyseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledmosthaswon.Andnotonlyhasitwon,but,becauseithaswon,ithasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.Thatiswhat-thestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilled.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopledonotfightandkilleachotherinthestreets,nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Fromthepointofviewofevolution,humanbeingsareveryyoungchildrenindeed,babies,infact,ofafewmonthsold._____39_____.Thesefiguresaredifficulttograsp,soletusscalethemdown.Supposethatwereckonthewholepastoflivingcreaturesontheearthasonehundredyears;thenthewholepastofmanworksoutataboutonemonth,andduringthatmonththerehavebeencivilizationsforbetweensevenandeighthours._____40_____.Takingman’scivilizedpastataboutsevenoreighthours,wemayestimatehisfutureataboutonehundredthousandyears.Thusmankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife,andasIsay,wemustnotexpecttoomuch.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness,abusinessoffightingandkilling.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.A.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficiently-this,afterall,iswhatconquerorsandgeneralshavedone--isnotbeingcivilized.B.AndIthinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.C.Wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlyindailylife.However,everyyearconflictsbetweencountriesandnationsarestillclaimingthousandsoflives.D.Nowmankindwillpermanentlymovetothefirstlevelofhumancivilization,whichisexpressedintheabilitytoexploreourlivingplanetandevenbeyond.E.Soyouseetherehasbeenlittletimetolearnin,buttherewillbeoceansoftimeinwhichtolearnbetter.
F.Scientistsreckonthattherehasbeenlifeofsomesortontheearthintheformofjellyfishandthatkindofcreatureforabouttwelvehundredmillionyears;buttherehavebeenmenforonlyonemillionyears.第II卷(70’)IV.Grammar(20’)(A)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachother.Doyouhaveskinnygenes?AndI’mnottalkingaboutthepantsyouworeincollegebutcan’tfitintoanymore.No,skinnyg-e-n-e-sgenesarefactorsfoundinfolkswhoarenaturallyslim.Andresearchershavejustidentified___41___thatappearstotellthebody’stissuetoburnmorefat.“Weallknowthesepeoplewhocaneatwhatevertheywant,___42___nevergainanyweight.”JosefPenningerisageneticistattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.Hesaysthatindividualswhoareeffortlesslytrim___43___holdthekeytounderstandingobesity.See,scientistsinterestedinlearninghowwecontrolourweighthavetraditionallyfocusedonthethingsthatmakeyoufat,likedietormetabolism.“Butnotreallystudied___44___peopleactuallystayskinny.Sowethoughtwe’djustturnaroundthefieldsand…studygeneticsofthinness.”PenningerandhiscolleaguesstartedoutbysearchingadatabasemaintainedbyagenomecenterinEstoniaforitsmostslenderregistrants.Andtheyweededoutpeople___45___(list)ashavinganorexia(厌食症)orotherconditionsthatalterbodyfat.Thentheylookedforgeneticmarkers___46___(track)withtheseskinnypeople.Onegene,inparticular,caughttheireye.ALKorthegeneforanaplasticlymphomakinaseisastretchofDNA___47___mutant(突变的)formhasbeenassociatedwithhumancancers.“Butitsnormalfunctionhadneverbeenestablished.”Sothescientistsmademutantfruitflies,andmutantmice___48___(show)thatthegeneassociatedwiththinnessinhumansmakesalsofliesandmiceskinny.Andthat’sexactlywhatwefound.”Butthemutantgenedoesn’tresultintheanimals___49___(eat)less“WehavefoundthatALKactsinourbrainsandwhatitdoesallowsourbodytoburnmorecaloriespersamefoodweeat.”Sothebraintellsfatcellstoburnmoreofthefattheyhavesockedaway.“People,mice,andwebelievealsoflies,stayskinny.Sothismechanismisevolutionarilyconservedfrominsectstohumansand,webelieve,____50____(open)upanentirelynewfieldofthinness.”(B)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammatically
correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachother.Beautybias:WetendtothinkprettypeoplearemorallysuperiorHumanshavealwaysassociatedbeautywithgoodness.Theprevalenceoftheassumptionthatbeautifulpeoplearegood______51______(study)forthepastfewdecades,withextensiveresearchonthesubjectgoingbacktothe1970s.______52______youstartthinkingthatyou’dneverjudgesomebodybyhowtheylook,thestudiessuggestthatyoulikelydoitallthetime—veryquicklyandnotfullyawareofit.Thisbiashasreal-worldimpacts.Theattractiveare_____53_____(likely)tobefoundguiltybysimulatedjuriesandmorelikelytogetreducedpunishmentswhentheyare.Peopletendtovoteformoreattractivepoliticians,promotebetter-lookingunderlings,andevengivemoreattentiontobetter-lookingchildrenthanthosewith—_____54_____GeorgeCarlinputit—“severeappearancedeficits”.AstudyrecentlypublishedintheJournalofNonverbalBehaviorshednewlightonthebias.Differentfrompreviousstudies,_____55_____notonlylookedtoseewhetherpeopleassociatepositivetraitswithgood-lookingpeople(weknowtheydo),butalsotookacloserlookatwhichtraitsareassociatedwithappearance,withtwotestsrespectivelyfocusedonpurelymoraltraits,suchasbeingfair,trustworthy,orhonest,andpositivebutnon-moraltraits,suchasbeingfunny,_____56_____(organize),orcalm.Liningupwithpreviousstudies_____57_____(show)thatpeopleassociatebeautywithallmannerofpositivetraits,theresultsofbothtestsalsogavenewinsightinto_____58_____traitsaremostaffectedbythe“haloeffects”thatgoodlooksprovide.Inbothstudies,moraltraitsweremorelikelytobeassociatedwithbeautythannon-moraltraits.Theeffectwasparticularlynotableinthesecondstudy,inwhichbeautifulpeoplewere20%morelikelytobeconsidered_____59_____(have)thesetraitsthantheaverageperson,comparedtoonlya10%increaseintheperceivedlikelihoodtheywouldhavethenon-moraltraits.Theauthorsofthestudynotedthattheyexpecttheirfindingstohavereal-worldimplications.Givenhowmanypreviousstudiesdemonstratethatthereareseriousconsequencesfromthisbias,theirstanceshouldnotsurpriseus.Theypointedout,however,that______60______thelonghistoryofscienceknowingthatthisbiasexists,“thereisnointerventionavailablethatmayreduceprejudicetowardordiscriminationagainstunattractiveindividuals.”V.SummaryWriting(10’)61.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ThingstoDoAfterYouStudy
Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.Butwhatyoudoafterstudyingcouldhaveaneffectonhowwellyoulearnandremembernewinformation.Actually,therearetwono-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning:wakefulrestandsleep.Whenmanystudentsfinishstudying,theyoftengostraighttoanotheractivity.Perhapstheylookattheirphoneorcomputer.Theymightevenplayavideogameorwatchtelevision.Butresearchsuggeststhatrestingafteryoustudymayhelpyourememberwhatyoustudied.Thebasicideaisthis:byreducingyouractivityafterthestudysession,yourbraingetsachancetorest.Restingisdifficultwhenyouhavetoomuchstimulationfromelectronicdevices,games,lightsandsoon.Manystudieshaveexploredthebenefitsofrestingafterlearning—whatiscalled“wakefulrest.”A2019studyfoundthatbothyoungandolderadultswereabletobetterremember,orrecollect,informationfromprosepassagesafterdoingwakefulrest.ThefindingsappearedinNeuroscienceLetters.Ifyouwanttogive“wakefulrest”atry,hereareafewsimplethingstodo:Restquietlyforfivetotenminutes.Donotlookatyourphone,readstoriesorplaygames.Justlimittheamountofstimulationyouget.Itisreallythateasy!Inadditiontowakefulrest,sleepisalsoimportantforlearning.TheDivisionofSleepMedicineatHarvardMedicalSchoolnotesthatsleephelpspeopletolearn.Areportontheschool’swebsiteexplainsthat“asleep-deprivedpersoncannotfocusattentionoptimallyandthereforecannotlearnefficiently.”Italsosays,“sleepitselfhasaroleintheconsolidationofmemory,whichisessentialforlearningnewinformation.”Nowyouhavetwosuggestionsforhowtolearnnewinformation.Trytogetsome“wakefulrest”afterastudysession.Thentrytogetagoodnight’ssleep.That’sit—asimple,no-costwaytohelpyourememberwhatyoulearn.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________VI.Translation(15’)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordorphrasegiveninthebrackets.62.航天员在太空授课，激发了孩子们科学探索的热情。(which)（汉译英）63.我们还未体验春天之美，夏季已悄然来临。(before)（汉译英）64.为了安全起见，无论是乘坐公共交通，还是去公共场合，我们都要佩戴好口罩。（sake）（汉译英）
65.唯有重视科学民主之进步，方可在那个艰苦卓绝的年代造就勇于担当勇攀高峰的青年。（汉译英）VII.GuidedWriting(25’)66.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学学生王磊。新学年，你校拟增加一门选修课，备选科目及相关信息如下表所示：师资授课频率每次授课时长理财特聘大学教授每月一次3小时家政特聘学生家长每周一次1小时古代文学本校教师每两周一次2小时为了使新增设的选修课能更符合学生的需求，教务处希望所有在校同学能通过邮件表达自己的看法。你决定写一封邮件给教务处，内容如下：1.你认为学校应该开设哪一门选修课；2.为什么你认为应该开设这一门课。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________听力答案：1-10BCABDCBBAD11-13ADA14-16CDB17-20BCAD
