欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:58021226
大小:634.50 KB
页数:47页
时间:2020-09-04
《《有机化学》英文教学课件:Chap 9 aldehydes and ketones (2012-2).ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter9AldehydesandKetonesSection1.StructureandNomenclatureAldehydesandketonesallcontainacarbonylgroupaldehydesketoneslone-pairelectronsAn-hydrogen1Commonnamesarenormallyusedforthealdehydescontainingfourcarbonsorfewer.Forsystemicnames,the“e”oftheparentalkane’snameisdr
2、oppedandthesuffix“al”isadded.Intheprioritysystemthealdehydegroupisalwaysnumber1,andhighernumbersaregiventoanysubstituents.Nomenclatureofaldehydes:2formaldehydeacetaldehyde2-methylpentanal3-chloropropanal(mathanal)(ethanal)33-methylbenzaldehyde3-chloro-3-phenyl-2-propena
3、l(Z)-4The“e”oftheparentalkaneisdropped,andthesuffix“one”isappended.Thenumberofthecarbonatombearingthecarbon-oxygendoublebondbeginsthename.Givethecarbonylgroupthesmallestnumberasfaraspossible.Aromaticketonesareoftennamedbytreatingthebenzeneringasaphenylgroup.Nomenclature
4、ofketones:5acetone(propanone)methylphenylketone(phenylethanone)cyclopropylphenylketone6(2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylpropanone)t-butylphenylketone3-methyl-2-pentanone74-methoxycyclohexanone1,4-cyclohexanedione8Section2.Preparation1.OxidationofalcoholsCrO3·2C5H5NiscalledCollinsr
5、eagent92.Ozonizationofalkenesozonide10Showthemajorproductofthefollowingreaction:113.Friedel-CraftsAcylationReactionAcylchloridesoracidanhydridesreactwithbenzeneundertheinfluenceofanequivalent(notacatalyticamount)AlCl3toformaromaticketones.acylacylchlorideacidanhydride12
6、13Section3.ChemicalPropertiesⅠ.NucleophilicAdditionⅡ.Reactionsatthe-positionⅢ.OxidationandReduction141.AdditionofHydrocyanicAcidcyanohydrinalcoholacid15cyclohexanone161.Allaldehydesincludealiphaticandaromaticaldehydes.2.Aliphaticmethylketones.3.Cyclicketoneswhichtheri
7、ngscontaineightorlesscarbonatoms.n≤8Summary:172.Additionofsodiumbisulfitewhitecrystal※18whitecrystal※吊白块、雕白粉19Theproductofbisulfiteadditionisoftenaniceisolablesolid.Soitisalsoadistinguishreaction.Butmoreimportant,viathisreactionwecanpurifyaldehydesandsomeketones.※201.Al
8、laldehydesincludealiphaticandaromaticaldehydes.2.Aliphaticmethylketones.3.Cyclicketoneswhichtheringscontaineig
此文档下载收益归作者所有