《有机化学》英文教学课件：Chap 9 aldehydes and ketones (2012).ppt

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1、Exercisespage119.8-3.(2)(3)(4)8-5.(1)(2)(3)8-7.1Chapter9AldehydesandKetonesSection1.StructureandNomenclatureAldehydesandketonesallcontainacarbonylgroupaldehydesketoneslone-pairelectronsAn-hydrogen2Commonnamesarenormallyusedforthealdehydescontainingfourcarbonsorfewer.Forsystem

2、icnames,the“e”oftheparentalkane’snameisdroppedandthesuffix“al”isadded.Intheprioritysystemthealdehydegroupisalwaysnumber1,andhighernumbersaregiventoanysubstituents.Nomenclatureofaldehydes:3formaldehydeacetaldehyde2-methylpentanal3-chloropropanal(mathanal)(ethanal)43-methylbenza

3、ldehyde3-chloro-3-phenyl-2-propenal(Z)-5The“e”oftheparentalkaneisdropped,andthesuffix“one”isappended.Thenumberofthecarbonatombearingthecarbon-oxygendoublebondbeginsthename.Givethecarbonylgroupthesmallestnumberasfaraspossible.Aromaticketonesareoftennamedbytreatingthebenzenering

4、asaphenylgroup.Nomenclatureofketones:6acetone(propanone)methylphenylketone(phenylethanone)cyclopropylphenylketone7(2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylpropanone)t-butylphenylketone3-methyl-2-pentanone84-methoxycyclohexanone1,4-cyclohexanedione9Section2.Preparation1.OxidationofalcoholsCrO3·2C

5、5H5NiscalledCollinsreagent102.Ozonizationofalkenesozonide11Showthemajorproductofthefollowingreaction:123.Friedel-CraftsAcylationReactionAcylchloridesoracidanhydridesreactwithbenzeneundertheinfluenceofanequivalent(notacatalyticamount)AlCl3toformaromaticketones.acylacylchloridea

6、cidanhydride1314Section3.ChemicalPropertiesⅠ.NucleophilicAdditionⅡ.Reactionsatthe-positionⅢ.OxidationandReduction151.AdditionofHydrocyanicAcidcyanohydrinalcoholacid16cyclohexanone171.Allaldehydesincludealiphaticandaromaticaldehydes.2.Aliphaticmethylketones.3.Cyclicketoneswhi

7、chtheringscontaineightorlesscarbonatoms.n≤8Summary:182.Additionofsodiumbisulfitewhitecrystal※19whitecrystal※吊白块、雕白粉20Theproductofbisulfiteadditionisoftenaniceisolablesolid.Soitisalsoadistinguishreaction.Butmoreimportant,viathisreactionwecanpurifyaldehydesandsomeketones.※211.Al

8、laldehydesincludealiphaticandaromaticaldehydes.2.Aliphaticmet