英国文学18世纪.ppt

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1、The18thCenturyTheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland1688-1798(18世纪萌芽时期）1.ThebackgroundoftheEnlightenment2.ThedevelopmentoftheEnlightenment3.ThemainEnlighteners（theEnglishEnlightenersandFranceEnlighteners）4.ThemainachievementsoftheEnlightenment5.TheinfluenceofEnlightenment1、Background

2、The18thcenturymarkedthebeginningofanintellectualmovement，knownastheEnlightenment，whichwasonthewhole，anexpressionofstruggleofbourgeoisie（资产阶级）againstfeudalism（封建主义）.Theenlightenersfoughtagainstclassinequality，stagnation，prejudiceandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.Theyattemptedtoplaceallb

3、ranchesofscienceattheserviceofmankindbyconnectingthemwiththeactualneedsandrequirementsofpeople.2.ThedevelopmentoftheEnlightenmentTheEnlightenmentbeganinthe18thcenturyofEurope，andfirstinEngland.AndthenitspreadinFrance，German，andRussia，besides，Holland，Belgiumandothercountrieswasalso

4、involved.FrancewasthecenteroftheEnlightenment，comparedwiththeEnlightenmentofothercountries，theFrance’swasthemostsplendidandinfluential，whichcouldbetheembodimentoftheEuropeEnlightenment.3.ThemainEnlighteners（theEnglishEnlightenersandFranceEnlighteners）TheRepresentativesoftheEnlight

5、enmentinEnglishliteraturewereJosephAddisonandRichardSteele，theessayists，andAlexanderPope，thepoet.Intheirworks，thesewriterscriticizeddifferentaspectsofcontemporaryEngland，discussedsocialproblems，andeventorcheduponmoralityandprivatelife.TheliteratureoftheEnlightenmentinEnglandmainly

6、appealedtothemiddleclassreaders.JosephAddision约瑟夫·艾迪生RichardSteele理查德·斯梯尔AlexanderPope亚历山大·蒲柏(1688-1744）TheFranceEnlightenersVoltaire（伏尔泰）wastheleaderoftheEnlightenmentofFrance.HisthoughtsinfluencedthewholeEuropedeeplytherefor，itissaidthatthe18thcenturyistheageofVoltaire.Charlesd

7、eSecondat孟德斯鸠(1689.1.18-1755.2.10)DenisDiderot狄德罗(1713.10.5–1784.7.30)Jean-JacquesRousseau让·雅克·卢梭（1712-1778）4.ThemainachievementsoftheEnlightenmenta.“Separationoftheexecutive,legislativeandjudicialpowers”,“thespiritofthelaws”b.“aconstitutionalmonarchy”,“thelawisnorespecterofper

8、sons”c.ThefirstFrance“Encyclopedi