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1、英国文学EnglishLiterature主讲教师：张伯香Chapter2 TheMedievalPeriod (1066-1485)I.HistoricalBackground1.TheNormanConquestThebattleatHastings(1066)WilliamtheConqueror2.TheConsequenceoftheConquestPolitically,afeudalistsystemwasestablishedReligiously,theRome-backedCatholicChur
2、chhadamuchstrongercontroloverthecountryThreelanguagesco-existedinEnglandTheconquestopenedupEnglandtothewholeEuropeancontinentII.CulturalBackground1.ThefalloftheRomanEmpire2.Catholicism—God-centereduniverse3.TheGreatChainofBeingAllthecreatedthingsareorderedintoa
3、hierarchyascendingfromstonesthroughplants,animals,men,angelstoGod.ItisboundbyGodinharmonyoflove;greatman’ssin,corruption,orfall,mightcausedisaster,destruction,andsterilityinthesociety.4.Somanisaskedtoconcernwiththeirnextlife—ever-lastinghappinessormisery.Thisli
4、feisonlyapreparatoryperiodofsuffering,sinpurging,andsoulsaving.III.MedievalRomance1.Specialfeaturesofromancea.Tosingknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeedsinverseorprose.b.Motifsofthequest,challenge,test,andmeetingwiththeevilgiant.c.Theheroistheknight,settingouton
5、ajourneytoaccomplishsomegoal--toprotectthechurchandthepoor,toattackinfidelity,torescueamaiden,tomeetachallenge,ortoobeyaknightlycommand.d.Mysteriesandfantasies(improbable,supernatural)e.Romanticlovef.Standardizedcharacterizationg.Looseandepisodicstructureh.Thel
6、anguageandstylearesimpleandstraightforward.i.Theromancereflectsachivalricage.2.Thethreemajorsubjects:A.TheMatterofFrance(aboutChalemagneandhispeers)B.TheMatterofRome(storiesabouttheancientRomans,andtheGreeks)C.TheMatterofBritain(aboutKingArthurandhisround-table
7、knights)IV.SirGawainandtheGreenKnightKingArthur1.ArthurianlegendTherearevariousthreadsofthelegend:StoriesaboutArthur’sbirthaboutMerlinaboutArthur’squeenGuinevereabouttheround-tableknightsAboutthequestfortheHolyGrailAndaboutArthur’sdeathRound-tableKnightsHolyGra
8、ilGreenKnight2.ChivalryAsystemofethicalidealsarosefromfeudalism.Thechiefchivalricvirtueswerepiety,honor,valor,courtesy,chastity,andloyalty.Love,inthechivalroussense,waslarge
