语言学导论复习题.doc

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1、1IntroductionI.Blank-filling1.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistoryisasynchronice_____linguisticstudy;thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronic______linguisticstudy.Modernlinguiststendtopreferasynchronic______approachtoadiachronic______one.2.Speech______andwrit

2、ing______arethetwomajormediaoflinguisticcommunication.Modernlinguisticsregardsthespeech______languageastheprimarymediumofhumanlanguage.3.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive_______;ifthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandsta

3、ndard”behaviorinusinglanguage,itissaidtobeprescriptive______.4.Langue______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparole______referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.5.Languageisasystemofarbitrary_______vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication______.6.Comp

4、etence______canbedefinedastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformance______canbedefinedastheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.7.Languageisarbitrary______inthesensethatthereisnointrinsic本质的connectionbetweenalinguisticsymbolandwhatthesymbolstandsfor.8.Th

5、efactthatchildrenacquirespokenlanguagebeforetheycanreadorwritealsoindicatesthatlanguageisprimarilyvocal______.9.Languageisproductive______orcreativeinthatitsuserscanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentences,includingsentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore.10.Languagecanbeusedtorefertoth

6、ingswhicharepresentorabsent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Thisiswhatdisplacement______means.11.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgeneral______linguistics.12.Linguisticscanbedefinedasthesystematic______studyoflanguage______.13.Dualityofstructuresisalsor

7、eferredtoasdouble______articulation结构双重性______.II.Multiplechoice1.ThedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadebytheSwisslinguist___intheearly20thcentury.A.Noam.ChomskyB.F.deSaussureC.CharlesHockettD.J.R.Firth2.Thedistinctionbetweencompet