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ID:44189484
大小:5.15 MB
页数:22页
时间:2019-10-19
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1、ArgumentationNatureofargumentativeessayExposition:informArgumentation:convincestepsofPersuasionTopresentanopiniontothereader.Toexplain,clarify,andillustratethatopinion.Topersuadethereaderthatyouropinionisvalid.tomovethereadertoaction;toconvincethereaderthattheopinioniscorrectortoper
2、suadethereaderthatyouropinionisatleastworthconsidering.Howtowriteanargumentation:Argumentation≠QuarrelAdebatablepointSufficientevidenceThelogicalappealTheemotionalappealOutlineofapropositionargumentFallaciesinargumentativewritingAdebatablepointthefollowingarenotgoodthesisstatements.
3、MerestatementsoffactsStatementsofpersonaltasteViewpointsthatcanbereadilyverifiedSufficientevidenceExamples:concrete,illustrative,representativeFacts:readilyaccepted,bebasedonpersonalobservationStatistics:avoidpresentingalonglistoffiguresAuthorities:thosewhoareexperiencedandknowledge
4、ableincertainfieldsThelogicalappealFromtheleastimportanttothemostimportantFromthemostfamiliartotheleastfamiliarFromtheeasiestforthereadertoacceptorcomprehendtothemostdifficultThelogicalappealInductiveReasoningDeductiveReasoningInductiveReasoningWhenyouuseinduction,youstartwithfactsa
5、ndproceedfromfactstoageneralconclusion.Inotherwords,youmovefromspecificexamplestoageneralstatement.DeductiveReasoningTheprocessisjusttheoppositeofinductivereasoning–itmovesfromageneralstatementtoaspecificconclusion.Itworksonthemodelofsyllogism([逻]三段论法,推论法,演绎)–athree-partargumentinwh
6、ichtherearetwostatements,knownasthemajorpremiseandtheminorpremise,andaconclusion.Allhumanbeingsmakemistakes.Xisahumanbeing.Therefore,Xmakesmistakes.TheemotionalappealAneffectiveemotionalappealcanbemadeinfourcommonways:Showingempathy:=>Identifywiththereader’sfeelingsandexpressrealint
7、erestintheirinterest.[Note]empathy:Identificationwithandunderstandingofanother'ssituation,feelings,andmotives.TheemotionalappealShowingrespectforviewsotherthanyours:=>Thepurposeistowinreaderstoyourside.Byshowingrespectforthemeritintheirposition,youaredecreasingreaders’resistancetoyo
8、urownposition.Besid
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