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1、HindawiPublishingCorporationAutoimmuneDiseasesVolume2015,ArticleID636207,12pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/636207ReviewArticleSlippingthroughtheCracks:LinkingLowImmuneFunctionandIntestinalBacterialImbalancetotheEtiologyofRheumatoidArthritis112KuniakiTerato,ChristopherT.Do,andHiroshiShionoya1Ch
2、ondrex,Inc.,2607151stPlaceNE,Redmond,WA98052,USA2AsamaChemicalsCo.,Ltd.,20-3NihonbashiKodenmacho,Chuo-ku,Tokyo103,JapanCorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoKuniakiTerato;terato@chondrex.comReceived26September2014;Accepted5December2014AcademicEditor:GabrielJ.Tobon´Copyright©2015KuniakiTeratoetal.Thisis
3、anopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.Autoimmunediseases(ADs)areconsideredtobecausedbythehostimmunesystemwhichattacksanddestroysitsowntissuebymistake.Awidely
4、acceptedhypothesistoexplainthepathogenicmechanismofADsis“molecularmimicry,”whichstatesthatantibodiesagainstaninfectiousagentcross-reactwithaself-antigensharinganidenticalorsimilarantigenicepitope.However,thishypothesiswasmostlikelyestablishedbasedonmisleadingantibodyassaydatalargelyinfluencedbyint
5、ensefalsepositivereactionsinvolvedinimmunoassaysystems.Thusreinvestigationofthishypothesisusinganappropriateblockingagentcapableofeliminatingalltypesofnonspecificreactionsandproperassaydesignisstronglyencouraged.Inthisreview,wediscussthepossibilitythatlowimmunefunctionmaybethefundamental,commondef
6、ectinADs,whichincreasesthesusceptibilitytopotentialdiseasecausativepathogenslocatedinthegastrointestinaltract(GI),suchasbacteriaandtheircomponentsordietarycomponents.Inadditiontotheseexogenousagents,aberrationsinthehost’sphysicalconditionmaydisruptthehostdefensesystem,whichistightlyorchestratedby“
7、immunefunction,”“mucosalbarrierfunction,”and“intestinalbacterialbalance.”Thesedisturbancesmayinitiateadownwardspiral,whichcanleadtochronichealthproblemsthatwillevolvetoanautoimmunedisorder.1.Introductionbyhydroph
