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1、Book-reportofTheChrysanthemumandtheSwordChinaisnottheonlycountryintheeast.Whenthesunarises,thefirstcountrytoseeitisJapan,ourneighbor.MostChineseareilldisposedtowardsJapanesebecauseoftheirinvasioninhistory,theirdenialofhistory,theirambitioninDiaoyuIsland.Itseemsthatoutofthesereasons,betwee
2、nJapaneseandChinese,thereisicethatwillnevermeltandoceanscannotbecrossed.However,dowegenuinelyknowwellaboutthisneighbor?AsChinese,haveweevertriedtoobserveandanalyzethiscountryobjectively?Actually,answerstothesetwoquestionsarethesame:no.Consequently,wechooseaclassicbookstudyingJapanesecultu
3、reandcharacter,hidingbehindtheirlifestyle,entitledTheChrysanthemumandtheSwordwrittenbyawell-knownAmericananthropologistRuthBenedict.IntroductionoftheauthorRuthBenedict(June5,1887-Septemberl7,1948)wasanAmericananthropologistandfolklorist-ShewasborninNewYorkCity,andattendedVassarCollegeandg
4、raduatedin1909.SheenteredgraduatestudiesatColumbiaUniversityin1919,receivingherPhDandjoiningthefacultyin1923.BenedictheldthepostofPresidentoftheAmericanAnthropologicalAssociationandwasalsoaprominentmemberoftheAmericanFolkloreSociety.Shebecamethefirstwomantoberecognizedasaprominentleaderof
5、alearnedprofession.Amongherworks,PatternsofCultureandTheChiysanthemumandtheSwordarethemostfamous.BackgroundInJuneof1944,AmericahascapturedOkinawa.WorldWarIIwasapproachingtheend,butAmericanpoliticiansnotfullyunderstoodJapanesecultureandthewayJapanesethink.SoAmericansdidn'tknowhowtodealwith
6、Japan.Inreality,twomajorquestionsappearedatthattime.WouldJapanesegovernmentsurrender?ShouldtheUSgovernmentabolishtheEmperorandthenreformJapanintoademocraticcountry?SotheyneededdetailedinformationaboutJapanese^instinct,valueorientationandcustoms.TheU.S.Governmentrecruitedagroupofculturalan
7、thropologiststoworkonwar-relatedresearchandconsultationabouthowtohandleJapanafterWorldWarII,amongwhichBenedictwastheleadingone.TheresearchmethodsauthorusedThefactthattheUSandJapanwereatwarinevitablymeantadisadvantage.Theauthorhadtogiveupthemostimportanttechnique:fie
