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ID:17908957
大小:69.50 KB
页数:11页
时间:2018-09-09
《日本产业集群的演化与结构[外文翻译]》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、本科毕业论文外文翻译题目:TheEvolutionandStructureofIndustrialClustersinJapan出处:SmallBusinessEconomics作者:HidekiYamawaki译文:ABSTRACTThispaperfocusesontwoaspectsoftheevolutionandstructureofclustersinJapan,namely,whatgivesrisetoclustersandwhatbenefitsareacquiredbysmallfirmsfromparticipatinginclus
2、ters.Thedeterminantsofclusteringarediscussedbywayofareviewofthehistoryof14industrialclusterswhichcoverawiderangeofindustriesandlocationsinJapan.Itisnotedthatdifferentfactorsdominateindifferentcases.Amongthemoreimportantonesaretheexistenceofleadinglargefirms,theavailabilityofapool
3、edlabormarket,andthepresenceofpublicresearchandtestingfacilities.Thefourmostimportantbenefitsfromclustersreportedbysmallfirmsare:(i)specialization;(ii)easeofprocurement;(iii)diffusionoftechnology,and(iv)publicpolicysupport.Accesstoskilledworkersisnotreportedtobeasignificantbenefi
4、t.ThismaybeexplainedbythefactthatthedominantsourceofskillsacquisitionamongJapaneseworkersison-the-jobtrainingandsuchskillsmaybetoofirmspecifictobeusefultoothers,evenwithinageographicallyconcentratedcluster.1.IntroductionItisawellestablishedfactthatJapanhoststhelargestnumberofsmal
5、l-andmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)amongindustrializedcountries.WhenSMEsarebroadlydefinedasthoseenterpriseswithfewerthan300employeesorlessthanYen100millionincapital,morethan99percentofallenterprisesinJapanesemanufacturingwereclassifiedasSMEsin1994.Further,67percentoftotalemployees
6、inmanufacturingworkedforSMEsin1994.1AnequallyimportantfeatureofJapan’sindustrialorganizationisthatJapan’sSMEsoftenformclusters.Accordingtothe1996surveyoftheSmallandMediumEnterpriseAgency,atotalof537clustersarereportedtoexistthroughoutJapan.Whiletheeconomicsignificanceoftheseclust
7、ersvarieswidelyfromclustersproducingprimarilyforexportstoclustersproducingindigenousgoodslittleknownoutsideJapan,animportantquestioncommontotheseclustersarise:Wheredotheseclusterscomefrom?WhatarethekeydriversforthebirthandgrowthoftheseclustersinJapan?Whatcompetitiveadvantagedothe
8、yhave?Thepurposeofthispaperistoaddressth
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