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1、外文题目：RestructuringIndustrialDistricts,ScalingUpRegionalDevelopment:AStudyoftheWenzhouModel,China出处：EconomicGeography83(4):421–444,2007.作者：YehuaDennisWei原文：Abstract:TheWenzhouMunicipalityinZhejiangProvinceisspearheadingChina’smarketizationanddevelopmentofprivateenterprises.Itssuccessfu
2、ldevelopmenttrajectory,centeredonfamily-ownedsmallbusinessesembeddedinthicklocalinstitutions,resemblesMarshallianindustrialdistricts(MIDs).However,withChina’schanginginstitutionalenvironmentandintensifyingcompetition,Wenzhouhasbeenfacingchallenges.Sincethelate1980s,Wenzhouhasgonethrou
3、ghtwomajorroundsofrestructuring(fromfamilyenterprisestoshareholdingcooperativestoshareholdingenterprises),thathaveincludedfourmajortypesofstrategicresponse:institutionalchange,technologicalupgrading,industrialdiversification,andspatialrestructuring.FirmsinWenzhouhavegonethroughlocaliz
4、ationanddelocalization,andlocationalchoicesreflectthedualdestinationsofglobalizingcitiesandinteriorcities.Theformationofnewfirmsandclustershasbeenaccompaniedbymergers,acquisitions,andtheemergenceofmultiregionalenterprises(MREs),someofwhichhaverelocatedtheirheadquartersandspecializedfu
5、nctionstometropolitanareas,especiallyShanghaiandHangzhou.Morerecently,Wenzhou’sgrowthhasslowed,leadingsometoquestionthesustainabilityoftheWenzhoumodel.WearguethatWenzhou’sdevelopmentisindangerofregionallock-ins—relational,intergenerational,andstructural.Wenzhou’sexperiencechallengesth
6、eorthodoxconceptofMIDsandcallsfor“scalingup”regionaldevelopment.Keywords:Marshallianindustrialdistrict,regionallock-in,theWenzhoumodel,China.TheoreticalBackground:TheRestructuringofIndustrialDistrictsThenatureofindustrialdistrictsandtheimpactofglobalizationhavegeneratedconsiderablesch
7、olarlydebate.Thisliteraturehasarguedforindustrialdistrictsasnodesforglobalization/localizationandmotorsforeconomicdevelopment.Industrialdistrictsarecharacterizedbyflexiblespecializationandagglomerationeconomies.withasynergisticcombinationofdenselocalnetworks,localinnovation,andlearnin
8、g,asw
