产业集群及其分析外文翻译

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1、产业集群及其分析外文翻译本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目:IndustryClustersandIndustryClusterAnalysis出处:2006,RegionalEconomicDevelopment,Pages237-241作者:RobertJ.Stimson,RogerR.StoughandBrianH.Roberts6.1ANewContextEarlychaptersinthisbookdiscussedhow,duringthethreedecadesthatfollowedtheendofWorldWarII,governmentsofallpersu

2、asionhadembarkeduponprogramstodevelopnationalindustriestocreateemploymentandtoachievegreaterself-sufficiencyintheproductionofdomesticgoodsandservices.Largeheavyindustryandassemblytownsemergedundernationalindustryplans.Manyofthoseindustrieshadstronghorizontalandverticallyintegratedsystemso

3、fproductionorientatedtothemanufactureoftotalorfullyassembledproducts.Interactionbetweenindustrysectorswaslimited,andtherewassignificantduplicationofresearch,serviceprovisionandresourceconsumption.Nationalindustrieswerealsoprotectedbytariffsandmonopolyprovisions,leadingtoinefficiencies,red

4、ucedcompetitivenessanddeclininginnovation.Bythe1980s,nationalrestructuringpolicies,globalizationandnewproductiontechnologybeganchallengingtraditionalproductionsystemsleadingtoemergingglobalcorporationslookingatwaystoimproveefficienciesandcompetitiveness.Industryclusters,involvingtheconcen

5、tratedproductioninspecializedcommoditiesandmerchandiseproductsorservices,haveplayedaleadingroleinthedevelopmentofcities,nationsandtradeforoverthreemillennia.Thusthereisnothingnewintheconceptofindustryclusters.However,theindustryclustersofthepastareverydifferentfromtheclustersthatdriveregi

6、onaleconomiestoday.Manyelementsofoldindustryclustersstillsurvivedespitemanyoftheircoreelementseitherdisappearingorrelocatingtolowercostproductioncenters.Oldindustryclusterswerefirmlyentrenchedinmanufacturing.Thenewindustryclusters?especiallyindevelopedeconomies?combineserviceswithtechnolo

7、gyand/orhighvalueaddedproductionprocesses.Undoubtedlytherehasbeenagrowinginterestbygovernments,internationaldevelopmentagenciesandbusinessinthevalueof,facilitatingthegrowthofindustryclusterstosupportregionalandlocalcommunityeconomicdevelopmentJacobsanddeJong1992;And