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1、Chapter1I.Definitionofstylistics“Thestudyofthatvariationinlanguagewhichisdependentonthesituationinwhichthelanguageisused.Althoughstylisticssometimesincludesinvestigationofspokenlanguage,itusuallyreferstothestudyofwrittenlanguage,includingliterarytexts.Stylisticsisconcernedwitht
2、hechoicesthatareavailabletoawriterandthereasonswhyparticularformsandexpressionsareusedratherthanothers.”(LongmanDictionaryofLanguageTeaching&AppliedLinguistics)Stylisticsisthestudyofvarietiesoflanguagewhosepropertiespositionthatlanguageincontext.Forexample,thelanguageofadvertis
3、ing,politics,religion,individualauthors,etc.,orthelanguageofaperiodintime,allbelonginaparticularsituation.Stylisticsalsoattemptstoestablishprinciplescapableofexplainingtheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualsandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage,suchassocialisation,theproductionandr
4、eceptionofmeaning,criticaldiscourseanalysisandliterarycriticism.Widdowsonprovidesamoreinformativedefinition:“Bystylistics,ImeanthestudyofliterarydiscoursefromalinguisticorientationandIshalltaketheviewthatwhatdistinguishesstylisticsfromliterarycriticismontheonehandandlinguistics
5、ontheotheristhatitisessentiallyameansoflinkingthetwo”G.Leechdefinesstyleasthestudyoftheuseoflanguageinliterature,ameeting-groundoflinguisticsandliterarystudy.Inshort,stylisticsisdefinedasthestudyofdiscourseortextonthebasisofmodernlinguistictheories.ThedevelopmentofstylisticsMod
6、ernstylisticsgotitsdevelopmentinthe19thand20thcenturiesfromrhetoricandfromtheinterpretationofliterature. ThefirstbookonstylisticswaswrittenbyaFrenchscholarCharlesBally,studentofF.D.Saussurein1902,wasconsideredalandmarkofmodernstylistics.Later,Spitzer,aGermanscholarbegantoanalyz
7、eliteraryworksformastylisticpointofview,andwasoftenconsideredasthe“fatherofliterarystylistics.2.Fromthebeginningofthe1930totheendofthe1950sstylisticswasdevelopingslowlyandwasonlyconfinedtotheEuropeancontinent.Duringthisperiod,theRussianformalists,thePragueSchoolandtheFrenchstru
8、cturalistsallcontributedtothedevelopmentofstylistics.3
