英语文体学教案LectureThreeThreeViewsofStyle.doc

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1、LectureTwo:ThreeViewsofStyleWehaveseenthedefinitionofstylisticsandsomedefinitionsofstyle.Nextwewillseesomemostinfluentialandrepresentativeviewsofstyle.Styleasform.（Aristotle）（formandcontent）Styleaseloquence.（Cicero）（skilltouseLpersuasively）（therelationwithrhetoric）Styleistheman.（B

2、uffon）（Luseisusingitindiscourse）Styleaspersonalidiosyncrasy.（Murry）Sayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway.（Enkvist）Styleasthechoicebetweenalternatveexpressions.（Ibid）Styleasequivalence.（RomanJacobson）（betweenformandfunction）Styleasforegrounding.（LeechMukarovsky）Styleasdeviation.

3、（Mukarovsky&Spitzer）Styleasprominence.（Halliday）Styleastheselectionsfeaturespartlydeterminedbythedemandsofgenre,form,themes,etc.（Traugott&Pratt）Styleaslinguisticfeaturesthatcommunicateemotionsandthought.（Enkvist）Whenwriterswrite,theywillnaturalytrytomaketheirlanguagediffferntfromt

4、heothers’,soastoattracttheattentionofthereadersandalsotoensureandsecureanindependentexistence.Ortostandoutfromthemultitudeofmenofletters.Orjustaspecialpositionforhiswriting.Andthatistodepartfromthenormalwayofexpressioninacertainsense.Styleasdeviance.ThisviewofstylisticscomesfromWi

5、ddowson’sremarkofstyleholdingthatstylisticanalysishasnofixedprocedureandthetechniqueofdoingthiskindofanalysisistopickonfeaturesinthetextwhichappeartofirstimpressionsasunusualorstrikinginsomewayandthenexploretheirramifications.Thisremarkimpliesthatonlythoseunusualorstrikingfeatures

6、arestylisticallyrelevant.Andtheimpliedassumptionisthattheliteraryaestheticeffectscanonlybeachievedthroughdeviance.Thoughsomestylisticiansholddifferentviews.Itleadstosuchanassumptionasthatthedistinctivenessofaliterarytextliesinitsdeparturefromthecharacteristicsofwhatiscommunicative

7、lynormal.Italsogivesbirthtotheapproachtostyleasdeviancefromthenormsofagivenlanguage.Mukarovskyisanotherfamousproponentandfounderofthisviewofstyle.InhisfamousarticleStandardLanguageandPoeticLanguage,hespeaksofstyleasforegrounding.Heassertsthattheviolationofthenormofstandard,especia

8、lly,itssystematicviolation,iswhat