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1、社会语言学第十讲社会方言:阶层与职业西方社会分层的两大理论传统KarlMarxMaxWeber主导观点阶级斗争阶级调和理论模型历史唯物主义生产力与生产关系经济、声誉、权力三位一体的分层模式职业与阶层紧密关联中国美国WilliamLabov生平Professor,DepartmentsofLinguistics,UniversityofPennsylvania,Born:Dec4,1927,Rutherford,NJColumbiaUniversity,M.A.,1963;Ph.D.1964Industrialchemist,UnionInkCo.,Ridgefiel
2、d,NJ,1949-1960AssistantProfessor,ColumbiaUniversity,1964-1970AssociateProfessor,Professor,UniversityofPennsylvania,1971-Director,LinguisticsLaboratory,UniversityofPennsylvania,1976-WilliamLabov主要著作Thesocialmotivationofasoundchange,1963TheSocialStratificationofEnglishinNewYorkCity.,1966
3、SociolinguisticPatterns,1972LanguageintheInnerCity,1972PrinciplesofLinguisticChange.Volume1:InternalFactors,1994.PrinciplesofLinguisticChange.Volume2:SocialFactors.2001.PrinciplesofLinguisticChange,Volume3:CognitiveandCulturalFactors,2010withU.Weinreich&M.Herzog,Empiricalfoundationsfor
4、atheoryoflanguagechange,1968.Casestudy1:Martha’sVineyard(1963)Theislandwaschosenasalaboratoryforaninitialinvestigationofsocialpatternsinlinguisticchange.(1)hastheadvantageofbeingaself-containedunit,separatedfromthemainlandbyagoodthreemilesoftheAtlanticOcean.(2)hasenoughsocialandgeograp
5、hiccomplexitytoprovideampleroomfordifferentiationoflinguisticbehavior.(3)WearealsofortunateinhavingtherecordsoftheLinguisticAtlasofNewEngland1931-1972(henceforthabbreviatedLANE)asabackgroundfortheinvestigation.ThesocialmotivationofasoundchangeThesocialmotivationofasoundchange(1)词汇调查Ale
6、xicalquestionnaire,usingtheregionalmarkersshownasmostsignificantinthemapsoftheLANE,supplementedwithrecentobservations,andconcentratingonthefollowingwordscontaining(ay)and(aw):spiderdyingoutSlidingswipeflatteningoutwhiteouthouseeggpiefryingpancrouchThesocialmotivationofasoundchange(2)诱导
7、提问"Whenwespeakoftherighttolife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness,whatdoesrightmean?...Isitinwriting?...Ifamanissuccessfulatajobhedoesn'tlike,wouldyoustillsayhewasasuccessfulman?“Thesequestionsweregenerallysuccessfulinelicitingtheinformant'sversionsoftheitalicizedwords.Thesocialmotivati