基础及基础工程外文翻译

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1、河北建筑工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译系别：土木工程专业：土木工程班级：*********姓名：**********学号：**************外文出处：GEOLOGLCALANDGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING附件：1、外文原文；2、外文资料翻译译文。指导教师评语：签字：年月日注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。1、外文原文（复印件）FoundationAndFoundationEngineeringStrucuresorotherconstructedworksaresupportedontheearthbyfoundation.Theword“fo

2、undation”maymeantheearthitself,somethingplacedinorontheearthtoprovidesupport,oracombinnationoftheearthandtheelementsplacedonit.Thefoundationforamultistoryofficebuildingcouldbeacombinationforanearth-filldamwouldbethenaturalsoilorrockonwhichthedamisplaced.Concretefootingsorwhichorinwhichthey

3、areplaced.Theinstalledelementsandthenaturalsoilorrockoftheearthformafoundationsystem;thesoilandrockprovidetheultimatesupportofthesystem.Foundationthatareinstalledmaybeeithersoil-bearingorrock–bearing.Thereactionsofthesoilorrocktotheimposedloadsgenerallydeterminedhowwellthefoundationsystemf

4、unctions.Indesigningtheinstalledportions,thedesignermustdeterminethesafepressuewhichcanbeusedonthesoilorrockandtheamountoftotalsettlementanddifferentialsettlementwhichthestructurecanwithstand.Theinstalledpartsofthefoundationsystemmaybefootings,matfoundations,slabfoundations,andcaissonsorpi

5、les,allofwhichareusedtotransferloadfromasupersteuctureintotheearth.Theseparts,whichtransmitloadfromthesuperstructuretotheearth,arecalledthesubstructure.FootingFootingorspreadfoundationsareusedtospreadtheloadsfromcolumnsorwallstotheunderlyingsoilorrock.Normally,footingsareconstructedofreinf

6、oredconcrete.However,undersomecircumstancestheymaybeconstructedofplainconcreteormasonary,wheneachfootingsupportsonlyonecolumn,itissquare.Footingssupportingtwocoumnsarecalledcombinedfootingsandmaybeeitherrectangularortrapezoidal.Cantileverfootingsareusedtobuildinglineorexteriorwall.Footings

7、supportsingwallsarecontinuousfootings.Thesizesoffootingsaredeterminedbydividingtheloadstobeimposedatthebaseofthefootingsbytheallowablebearingpressurewhichcanbeimposedonthesoilorrockoftheearth.Mostbuildingcodesandtextbooksonfoundationscontaintableslistingallowa