基础及基础工程外文翻译

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1、河北建筑工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译系别：土木工程专业：土木工程班级：*********姓名：**********学号：**************外文出处：GEOLOGLCALANDGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING附件：1、外文原文；2、外文资料翻译译文。指导教师评语：签字：年月日注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。1、外文原文（复印件）FoundationAndFoundationEngineeringStrucuresorotherconstructedworksaresupportedontheearthbyfoundation.Thewo

2、rd“foundation”maymeantheearthitself,somethingplacedinorontheearthtoprovidesupport,oracombinnationoftheearthandtheelementsplacedonit.Thefoundationforamultistoryofficebuildingcouldbeacombinationforanearth-filldamwouldbethenaturalsoilorrockonwhichthedamisplaced.Concretefootingsorwhichori

3、nwhichtheyareplaced.Theinstalledelementsandthenaturalsoilorrockoftheearthformafoundationsystem;thesoilandrockprovidetheultimatesupportofthesystem.Foundationthatareinstalledmaybeeithersoil-bearingorrock–bearing.Thereactionsofthesoilorrocktotheimposedloadsgenerallydeterminedhowwellthefo

4、undationsystemfunctions.Indesigningtheinstalledportions,thedesignermustdeterminethesafepressuewhichcanbeusedonthesoilorrockandtheamountoftotalsettlementanddifferentialsettlementwhichthestructurecanwithstand.Theinstalledpartsofthefoundationsystemmaybefootings,matfoundations,slabfoundat

5、ions,andcaissonsorpiles,allofwhichareusedtotransferloadfromasupersteuctureintotheearth.Theseparts,whichtransmitloadfromthesuperstructuretotheearth,arecalledthesubstructure.FootingFootingorspreadfoundationsareusedtospreadtheloadsfromcolumnsorwallstotheunderlyingsoilorrock.Normally,foot

6、ingsareconstructedofreinforedconcrete.However,undersomecircumstancestheymaybeconstructedofplainconcreteormasonary,wheneachfootingsupportsonlyonecolumn,itissquare.Footingssupportingtwocoumnsarecalledcombinedfootingsandmaybeeitherrectangularortrapezoidal.Cantileverfootingsareusedtobuild

7、inglineorexteriorwall.Footingssupportsingwallsarecontinuousfootings.Thesizesoffootingsaredeterminedbydividingtheloadstobeimposedatthebaseofthefootingsbytheallowablebearingpressurewhichcanbeimposedonthesoilorrockoftheearth.Mostbuildingcodesandtextbooksonfoundationscontaintableslistinga

8、llowa