基础及基础工程-外文翻译

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1、河北建筑工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译系别:土木工程专业：土木工程班级：si*si*si*sixslzsi*#TS✓TS姓名:vjxxlxsixsixsixsix✓JX✓JXXJX✓JX✓JX✓JX✓JX✓fs学号：Kl>✓Tx夕卜文出处：GEOLOGLCALANDGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING附件：1、夕2、夕指导教师评语：签字：注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。1、外文原文（复印件）FoundationAndFoundationEngineeringStrucuresorotherconstructe

2、dworksaresupportedontheearthbyfoundation.Theword“foundation”maymeantheearthitself，somethingplacedinorontheearthtoprovidesupport，oracombinnationoftheearthandtheelementsplacedonit.Thefoundationforamultistoryofficebuildingcouldbeacombinationforanearth-filldamwouldbet

3、henaturalsoilorrockonwhichthedamisplaced.Concretefootingsorwhichorinwhichtheyareplaced.Theinstalledelementsandthenaturalsoilorrockoftheearthformafoundationsystem;thesoilandrockprovidetheultimatesupportofthesystem.Foundationthatareinstalledmaybeeithersoil-bearingor

4、rock-bearing.Thereactionsofthesoilorrocktotheimposedloadsgenerallydeterminedhowwellthefoundationsystemfunctions.Indesigningtheinstalledportions,thedesignermustdeterminethesafepressuewhichcanbeusedonthesoilorrockandtheamountoftotalsettlementanddifferentialsettlemen

5、twhichthestructurecanwithstand.Theinstalledpartsofthefoundationsystemmaybefootings，matfoundations,slabfoundations，andcaissonsorpiles，allofwhichareusedtotransferloadfromasupersteuctureintotheearth.Theseparts，whichtransmitloadfromthesuperstructuretotheearth,arecalle

6、dthesubstructure.FootingFootingorspreadfoundationsareusedtospreadtheloadsfromcolumnsorwallstotheunderlyingsoilorrock.Normally,footingsareconstructedofreinforedconcrete.However，undersomecircumstancestheymaybeconstructedofplainconcreteormasonary,wheneachfootingsuppo

7、rtsonlyonecolumn,itissquare.Footingssupportingtwocoumnsarecalledcombinedfootingsandmaybeeitherrectangularortrapezoidal.Cantileverfootingsareusedtobuildinglineorexteriorwall.Footingssupportsingwallsarecontinuousfootings.Thesizesoffootingsaredeterminedbydividingthel

8、oadstobeimposedatthebaseofthefootingsbytheallowablebearingpressurewhichcanbeimposedonthesoilorrockoftheearth.Mostbuildingcodesandtextbooksonfoundationsc