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1、第16页WutheringHeights---aFemaleGothicNovelI.IntroductionEmilyBrontëisanEnglishwomanwriterofsuperbtalentduringtheVictorianAge.SheiswellknownforheronlynovelWutheringHeights,astrangeandpowerfulbook,saidbymanytobethefinestnovelintheEnglishlanguage.Sinceitwaspublished,thisgreatbooksuffe
2、redpeople’sattackandcriticism.Thesewhocensureditregardeditabookfullofabnormalpsychologyandheathenishthought.“Anyonewhodidreaditwasrepulsedbythebrutalityandviolenceofthecharacters”(James,1979:7)andbythefactthatitdifferedsomuchfromtheromanticnovelsofthattime.TheydonotwantrealismasEm
3、ilydepictsit,andtheydonotwantwild,fierceantiheroeslikeHeathcliffwhoismorelikeavillainorwillful,passionateheroineslikeCatherineEarnshaw.AndthatisthereasonwhyEmilyBrontëiskeptawayfromthemainstreamofthe19thcenturyliterature,andpeopledonotacceptherfairfameuntilthecomingofthe20thcentur
4、y.BothEmilyandherworksaremysteriousandunique.TherearevariousapproachesappliedbythecriticstostudyWutheringHeightsfromtheaspectsofthetheme,thewritingtechnique,loveandrevenge,andsoon.However,thereishardlyanyattempttoresearchWutheringHeightsbycombiningitsGothiccontextwiththefeministvi
5、ewpoint.Inviewofthisblank,thisarticleistryingtorereadthisworkasaFemaleGothicnovelmainlybasedonthefollowingthreefacets:Firstly,fromthedevelopmentofliterarymovement,theearlyGothicnovelsaroseinthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury.TheoriginofWutheringHeights,itsdevelopmentandtheendingwerebet
6、ween1771and1802.Atthattime,theEnglishGothicnovelswerecatchingonlikefirethroughoutthecountry.WiththedevelopmentofGothicnovelspeoplegraduallyforgottheearlyGothicnovels.YetfromtheBrontësisters’JaneEyreandWutheringHeightswecanstillfindtheGothicfeaturesevidently.Secondly,fromthesociald
7、evelopmentsincetheIndustrialRevolutioninthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury,thesocialclassinEnglishsocietyhadundergoneradicalchanges.ThelifestylewasbrokenbytheEnclosureMovementandexpropriation.Themajorityofpeasantsweredrivenofftheirlandwhichhadbeenpassedintothehandsofthelandlords.Thelan
8、dlesspeasantswenttocitiesandbecam
