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1、第15页WutheringHeights---aFemaleGothicNovelI.IntroductionEmilyBrontëisanEnglishwomanwriterofsuperbtalentduringtheVictorianAge.SheiswellknownforheronlynovelWutheringHeights,astrangeandpowerfulbook,saidbymanytobethefinestnovelintheEnglishlanguage.Sinceitwaspublished,thisgreatbooksufferedpeople’sattack
2、andcriticism.Thesewhocensureditregardeditabookfullofabnormalpsychologyandheathenishthought.“Anyonewhodidreaditwasrepulsedbythebrutalityandviolenceofthecharacters”(James,1979:7)andbythefactthatitdifferedsomuchfromtheromanticnovelsofthattime.TheydonotwantrealismasEmilydepictsit,andtheydonotwantwild,
3、fierceantiheroeslikeHeathcliffwhoismorelikeavillainorwillful,passionateheroineslikeCatherineEarnshaw.AndthatisthereasonwhyEmilyBrontëiskeptawayfromthemainstreamofthe19thcenturyliterature,andpeopledonotacceptherfairfameuntilthecomingofthe20thcentury.BothEmilyandherworksaremysteriousandunique.Therea
4、revariousapproachesappliedbythecriticstostudyWutheringHeightsfromtheaspectsofthetheme,thewritingtechnique,loveandrevenge,andsoon.However,thereishardlyanyattempttoresearchWutheringHeightsbycombiningitsGothiccontextwiththefeministviewpoint.Inviewofthisblank,thisarticleistryingtorereadthisworkasaFema
5、leGothicnovelmainlybasedonthefollowingthreefacets:Firstly,fromthedevelopmentofliterarymovement,theearlyGothicnovelsaroseinthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury.TheoriginofWutheringHeights,itsdevelopmentandtheendingwerebetween1771and1802.Atthattime,theEnglishGothicnovelswerecatchingonlikefirethroughoutthec
6、ountry.WiththedevelopmentofGothicnovelspeoplegraduallyforgottheearlyGothicnovels.YetfromtheBrontësisters’JaneEyreandWutheringHeightswecanstillfindtheGothicfeaturesevidently.Secondly,fromthesocialdevelopmentsincetheIndustrialRevolutioninthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury,thesocialclassinEnglishsocietyha
7、dundergoneradicalchanges.ThelifestylewasbrokenbytheEnclosureMovementandexpropriation.Themajorityofpeasantsweredrivenofftheirlandwhichhadbeenpassedintothehandsofthelandlords.Thelandlesspeasantswenttocitiesandbecam
