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1、第17页WutheringHeights---aFemaleGothicNovelI.IntroductionEmilyBrontëisanEnglishwomanwriterofsuperbtalentduringtheVictorianAge.SheiswellknownforheronlynovelWutheringHeights,astrangeandpowerfulbook,saidbymanytobethefinestnovelintheEnglishlanguage.Sinceitwaspublish
2、ed,thisgreatbooksufferedpeople’sattackandcriticism.Thesewhocensureditregardeditabookfullofabnormalpsychologyandheathenishthought.“Anyonewhodidreaditwasrepulsedbythebrutalityandviolenceofthecharacters”(James,1979:7)andbythefactthatitdifferedsomuchfromtheromanti
3、cnovelsofthattime.TheydonotwantrealismasEmilydepictsit,andtheydonotwantwild,fierceantiheroeslikeHeathcliffwhoismorelikeavillainorwillful,passionateheroineslikeCatherineEarnshaw.AndthatisthereasonwhyEmilyBrontëiskeptawayfromthemainstreamofthe19thcenturyliteratu
4、re,andpeopledonotacceptherfairfameuntilthecomingofthe20thcentury.BothEmilyandherworksaremysteriousandunique.TherearevariousapproachesappliedbythecriticstostudyWutheringHeightsfromtheaspectsofthetheme,thewritingtechnique,loveandrevenge,andsoon.However,thereisha
5、rdlyanyattempttoresearchWutheringHeightsbycombiningitsGothiccontextwiththefeministviewpoint.Inviewofthisblank,thisarticleistryingtorereadthisworkasaFemaleGothicnovelmainlybasedonthefollowingthreefacets:Firstly,fromthedevelopmentofliterarymovement,theearlyGothi
6、cnovelsaroseinthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury.TheoriginofWutheringHeights,itsdevelopmentandtheendingwerebetween1771and1802.Atthattime,theEnglishGothicnovelswerecatchingonlikefirethroughoutthecountry.WiththedevelopmentofGothicnovelspeoplegraduallyforgottheearlyGo
7、thicnovels.YetfromtheBrontësisters’JaneEyreandWutheringHeightswecanstillfindtheGothicfeaturesevidently.Secondly,fromthesocialdevelopmentsincetheIndustrialRevolutioninthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury,thesocialclassinEnglishsocietyhadundergoneradicalchanges.Thelife
8、stylewasbrokenbytheEnclosureMovementandexpropriation.Themajorityofpeasantsweredrivenofftheirlandwhichhadbeenpassedintothehandsofthelandlords.Thelandlesspeasantswenttocitiesandbecam
