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1、第15页WutheringHeights---aFemaleGothicNovelI.IntroductionEmilyBrontëisanEnglishwomanwriterofsuperbtalentduringtheVictorianAge.SheiswellknownforheronlynovelWutheringHeights,astrangeandpowerfulbook,saidbymanytobethefinestnovelintheEnglishlanguage.Sinceitwaspublished,thisgreatbooksufferedpeople’sattacka
2、ndcriticism.Thesewhocensureditregardeditabookfullofabnormalpsychologyandheathenishthought.“Anyonewhodidreaditwasrepulsedbythebrutalityandviolenceofthecharacters”(James,1979:7)andbythefactthatitdifferedsomuchfromtheromanticnovelsofthattime.TheydonotwantrealismasEmilydepictsit,andtheydonotwantwild,fi
3、erceantiheroeslikeHeathcliffwhoismorelikeavillainorwillful,passionateheroineslikeCatherineEarnshaw.AndthatisthereasonwhyEmilyBrontëiskeptawayfromthemainstreamofthe19thcenturyliterature,andpeopledonotacceptherfairfameuntilthecomingofthe20thcentury.BothEmilyandherworksaremysteriousandunique.Therearev
4、ariousapproachesappliedbythecriticstostudyWutheringHeightsfromtheaspectsofthetheme,thewritingtechnique,loveandrevenge,andsoon.However,thereishardlyanyattempttoresearchWutheringHeightsbycombiningitsGothiccontextwiththefeministviewpoint.Inviewofthisblank,thisarticleistryingtorereadthisworkasaFemaleGo
5、thicnovelmainlybasedonthefollowingthreefacets:Firstly,fromthedevelopmentofliterarymovement,theearlyGothicnovelsaroseinthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury.TheoriginofWutheringHeights,itsdevelopmentandtheendingwerebetween1771and1802.Atthattime,theEnglishGothicnovelswerecatchingonlikefirethroughoutthecountr
6、y.WiththedevelopmentofGothicnovelspeoplegraduallyforgottheearlyGothicnovels.YetfromtheBrontësisters’JaneEyreandWutheringHeightswecanstillfindtheGothicfeaturesevidently.Secondly,fromthesocialdevelopmentsincetheIndustrialRevolutioninthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury,thesocialclassinEnglishsocietyhadunder
7、goneradicalchanges.ThelifestylewasbrokenbytheEnclosureMovementandexpropriation.Themajorityofpeasantsweredrivenofftheirlandwhichhadbeenpassedintothehandsofthelandlords.Thelandlesspeasantswenttocitiesandbecam
