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七宝中学2021学年高一年级第二学期练习卷英语试题（考试时间：80分钟；总分：115分）I.ListeningComprehension(25’)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Herhairhaschanged.B.Sheisn’tsatisfiedwithherhairstyle.C.Shepreferstowearlonghair.D.Themanhaschangedhishairstyle.2.A.ItistooearlytowatchtheTalentShow.B.Hewillgotobedinfiveminutes.C.HewouldratherwatchTVthangotobed.D.Heisoldenoughtostayup.3.A.Inthekitchen.B.Attheairport.C.Intheschool.D.Inthebed.4.A.Themuseumschedule.B.Libraryhours.C.Apart-timejob.D.Schoolhours.5.A.Thenewapartmentischeaper.B.Shelikestolistentotheradio.C.Sheprefersalargerapartment.D.Sheneedsaquieterplace.6.A.160$.B.150$.C.120$.D.50$.7.A.Sheisunwillingtomoveintoanewflat.B.Herneighborsgetalongwellwithher.C.Shecannottellthemanwhysheismoving.D.HerneighborsusuallyplaytheirTVloud.8.A.Askfordirections.B.Tryadifferentroute.C.Gobackforthemap.D.Canceltheirtrip.9.A.Acomputergame.B.Anexcitingexperience.C.Animaginarysituation.D.Avacationbythesea.10.A.Herdoorbelldoesn’tneedrepair.B.Shedidn’texpecthimtocomesoearly.C.Themanhasjustarrivedontime.DItisnottherighttimeforher.SectionB
Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).Theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Gas.B.Solarenergy.C.Alcohol.D.Electricity.12.A.Airtrafficconditions.B.Trafficjamsonhighways.C.Roadconditions.D.Newtrafficrules.13.A.Gothroughahealthcheck.B.Carrylittleluggage.C.Arriveearlyforboarding.D.Havesecuritychecks.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Germany.B.EastAsia.C.U.K.D.Paris.15.A.6.B.9.C.16.D.morethen50.16.A.Milkandteamaketastydrink.B.Milkaddsmuchproteintotea.C.GoodnewsforBritish.D.Milkdestroyshealthbenefitsoftea.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Itspecializesinsafetyfromleaks.B.ItisheadquarteredinLondon.C.IthasapartnershipwithLCP.D.Ithasachemicalprocessingplant.18.A.HeisMr.Grand’sfriend.B.Heisasafetyinspector.C.Heisasalesman.D.Heisachemist.19.A.Directorofthesafetydepartment.B.Mr.Grand’spersonalassistant.C.Headofthepersonneldepartment.D.Thepublicrelationsofficer.20.A.WaitforMr.Grandtocallback.B.LeaveamessageforMr.Grand.C.Providedetailsoftheirproductsandservices.D.Sendacomprehensivedescriptionoftheirwork.II.GrammarandVocabulary(45’)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassage,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillintheblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheothers,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Sure,chocolateisadelicioustreat,andit’sastapleofsomeofourfavoritedesserts.Butit’snotexactlyahealthfood,soitshouldbeenjoyedinmoderation—right?Well,itturnsoutthat____1____(eat)chocolatemightactuallyhaveaprettysignificanthealth
benefit.Accordingtorecentresearch____2____(conduct)byfivescientistsinItaly,compoundsfoundinchocolate,calledflavanols(黄烷醇),canhelpboostcognitiveperformance.Yes,chocolate’sgoodforyourbrain.Thescientists,studyingattheUniversitiesofRomeandL’Aquila,____3____(record)researchfrom10differentstudies.Thestudiesassessedpeople’sperformanceoncognitivetestsbeforeandaftereatingcocoaorchocolate.Theresultsweretelling:innineoutofthe10studies,therewasanoticeableimprovement____4____thesubjectshadeatenthechocolate.Thescientistsfoundimprovementsin“generalcognition,attention,processingspeed,andworkingmemory.”Soundsprettygoodtous!Andthat’snotall.Insubjects,especiallywomen,whoperformedthetestswhilesleep-deprived,theflavanolshelped“counteract”thenegativeeffectsofthesleepdeprivation.Andthere’sevenmoregoodnews.____5____(take)dailyoverperiodsrangingfromfivedaystothreemonths,chocolatecanproducenoticeablelong-termimprovementsincognition.Olderadults,____6____memorieswerealreadydeclining,sawanespeciallysignificantimprovement.Berightback,we’regonnagostockuponHersheybars.Herearesomemorestrategiesthatcanhelpimproveyourmemory.Allchocolatehasflavanols,sincetheyoccurnaturallyincocoa.However,darkchocolateloversfeelhappy,____7____ithasmoreflavanolsthananyothertypeofchocolate.Infact,thescientists____8____haveclaimedthat,afterdoingthisresearch,they’vestartedeatingdarkchocolateeveryday!Herearesomeotherhealthbenefitsofeatingdarkchocolate.Now,we’renotsayingthatyou____9____starteatingchocolateforbreakfast,lunch,anddinner—it’sstillhighinsugarandlowinnutrients.Butnexttimeyoufindyourselfyawningafterasleeplessnight,snackonsomechocolateandlettheflavanolsworktheirmagic.Goahead,_____10_____takeadvantageofchocolate’snewfoundbrainpowerwiththesedeliciousrecipes.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.deliveredB.alertC.documentedD.arisingE.temporaryF.recommendationG.accommodateH.demandI.increaseJ.contributingK.practicesThethrongsoftouristsfloodingRussiancitiesfortheWorldCupareexpectedtoprovidea(n)____11____boosttothecountry’seconomy.However,theinfluxhasproveddifficultforsomehostcitiestofully____12____visitors.InthecityofSamara,whereEnglandwillplaySwedenonSaturdayinaquarterfinalmatch,
waterpressureisdwindlingduetoa(n)____13____incustomers.Inresponse,thecityutilitycompanyhasofferedanunusualsolutiontomitigatethelowpressure.Theproposalbythecity’swatersystemauthoritieswas____14____inasimplestatement.“Savewater,takeshowersinpairs,”thecompanysaid,accompanyingits____15____withasmileyface.TheMoscowTimesreportedthewaterauthoritieshaveincreasedoutputinrecentdaystocompensateforthevisitors,buttheutilitycompanyisstilltryingto____16____residentstothestrainsplacedonthewaterservice.Ratherthantryingtochangethehabitsofvisitors,thewaterservicehasaskedlocalstoaltertheirdaily____17____.“Thousandsofthecity’svisitors,whoalsoconsumewater,are____18____totheincrease,”theutilitycompany,SamarskiyeKommunalniyeSystemy,wroteinapressreleaseonWednesday.RecommendedSlideshows.Thecityhasalsoexperiencedaheatwavethathasincreasedthe____19____forwaterduringthetournament.TheAssociatedPressreportedsaidthatmedicalstaffdistributedwatertofanstravelingtolastmonth’sgamebetweenRussiaandUruguayviapublictransit.UtilityissuesalsoarosewhenRussiahostedthe2014WinterOlympicsinSochi.Thehostnationseemedunabletoprovidetheinfrastructureneededtohostathletes,fans,reportersandotherswhoattendedthetournament.Journalistswhovisitedthecitytoreportonthegames_____20_____pollutedandbrownwatercomingoutoffaucets(龙头).III.Cloze(15’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whenitcomestonutrition,peopleintheUnitedStatesoftenmakepoorchoices.Sometimesbadeatinghabitsarenottheconsequenceofalackofnutritionalinformationortheunavailabilityofnutritiousfoods;somepeoplesimplychoosetoeat___21___.Theyprefertoeatonlythefoodsthattastedelicioustothem.Unfortunately,thedecisiontoeatpoorlyhaslasting___22___.AsmanyashalfofallAmericansareoverweight.___23___,manyAmericanssufferfromconditionssuchasheartdisease,highbloodpressure,andadult-onsetdiabetes(糖尿病)thatcanalsoresultfromthesepoorlifestylechoices.Ifwewanttolivelong,healthylives,wemustmakebetternutritionaldecisions.Otherwise,wecouldbe___24___ourhealthandourfutures.Propernutritionbeginswith___25___.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)issuesfoodguidelinestohelppeopletomakeappropriatenutritionalchoices.Theseguidelinesare___26___inaUSDAchartcalledtheFoodGuidePyramid.ThePyramidisbasedonresearchintothespecifictypesofnutrientsneededfordiseaseresistanceandproperbodyweight.AccordingtothePyramid,Americansshouldgetmostoftheirdailycaloriesintakefrombread,cereal,rice,andpasta,eating6to11servingsofthesefoodsperday.Whole-grainproductsarethe
best.Thelargernumbersofservingsareonly___27___peoplesuchasathletes,whoseworkincludesagreatdealofphysicalactivity.Followingthiscategoryarethefruitandvegetablecategories,withatotalsuggested___28___offrom5to9servingsperday.This___29___theimportanceoffiber,vitamins,andmineralsinmaintainingahealthylifestyle.ThePyramid’sother____30____include2to3servingsofdairyproductsand2to3servingsfromagroupthatincludesmeat,fish,beans,andnuts.TheUSDArecommendsthatfatsandsweetsbeeatensparingly(一点点地).Therearemanyriskfactorsthat____31____poorhealth.Amongthesearesuchlifestylechoicesasimpropernutritionand____32____exercise.CurrentresearchbytheAmericanHeartAssociationshowsthatheartdiseaseveryoftenbeginswhenapersonisachild.____33____this,manyAmericansthinktheycanpostponehealthyeatingandproperexerciseuntiltheyhavehealthproblems.Unfortunately,diseasesarenotgenerally____34____untilsymptomsbegin,andbythenitmaybetoolate.Tolivelongandproductivelives,wemustmakeproperchoicesnow,includinghealthy____35____choices.21.A.properlyB.poorlyC.healthilyD.hungrily22.A.impressionsB.benefitsC.solutionsD.consequences23.A.FurthermoreB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise24.A.enjoyingB.shapingC.maintainingD.risking25.A.traditionsB.resistanceC.knowledgeD.preferences26.A.storedB.summarizedC.plannedD.applied27.A.returnedtoB.ignoredbyC.intendedforD.connectedwith28.A.consumptionB.productionC.precessionD.digestion29A.questionsB.discussesC.deniesD.emphasizes30.A.functionsB.recommendationsC.warningsD.elements31.A.dealwithB.takeonC.resultfromD.contributeto32.A.inadequateB.moderateC.mentalD.vigorous33.A.ApartfromB.WithregardtoC.InspiteofD.Ratherthan34.A.spreadB.detectedC.caughtD.cured35.A.smartB.freeC.economicalD.nutritionalIV.Readingcomprehension(40’)(A)SandraBoynton,achildren’sauthor,hasinmorerecentyearsbranchedoutintokidsmusic.HermostrecentalbumHogWild!,forexample,featuresSamuelL.JacksonasaTyrannosaurusRex.Shetalkedinaninterviewabouthowtotapintokids’imaginationsandhowtomakescary
thingslessthreateningforthem.Inyouryearsofwritingandillustratingchildren’sbooks,haveyounoticedanythingthatreallysparksachild’simagination?Ithinkmaybethere’snobasicdifferencebetweenwhatfascinatesachildandwhatfascinatestherestofus.We’realldrawntothingsthatwakeusup,thingsthatgrabourattentionthroughourhearingoroursightoroursenseoftouch.We’recuriousabouttheworldasitis,andwe’recuriousaboutwhatcouldbe.Imaginationfollowscuriosityprettynaturally.Itdoesn’tfeeltomelikeit’sbeenalongtimethatI’vebeendrawingandwritingthings.Itdoesn’tfeellikeashorttime,either.ItjustfeelslikewhatIdo.Imakethings.I’mapermanentKindergartner,Iguess.YouoftentakeathreateningfigurelikeaTyrannosaurusRexoramonsterandmakehimcute.Doyouhaveanysuggestionsforhowtomakechildrenlessafraidofthings?Actually,Ithinkkidskindoflikebeingafraidofthings,aslongassomeone’scalmingisrighttherewithreassurance.Hugginghelps.Whathaveyoulearnedaboutchildhoodfromwritingkids’books?Accessingchildhoodhasactuallyneverbeenthathard.It’sadulthoodthat’sstillpuzzling.Iwouldguessthatmostchildren’sbookwritersarethatway.I’mreallywritingbooksandmakingmusicformyownchild-self.ButI’mcertainlydelightedandgratefulthatmybooksworkforpeopleotherthanjustme.Itkeepsmefromhavingtofindanactualjob.Alotofauthorsareworriedthatchildrenspendtoomuchtimeondigitaldevicesratherthanwithbooks,butyouseemtohaveembracedit.Why?Whentheinteractivebookappuniversewasnew,Iwas,asacreatorofthings,curious.Mybackgroundistheater,andIthoughtitcouldbeinterestingtotrytofigureouthowtocreatecontentthat’sboththeater-likeandbook-like.Ifoundasuperbpartnerinthis,theinsanelyingeniousLoudCrowInteractiveinVancouver.Weworkedintensivelytogetherforacoupleofyearsandmadefiveverycoolapps.I’mproudofthem.Butnow,havingtoooftenseenveryyoungkidssittingidly,staringatscreens,Ihavemydoubts.36.WhatdoesSandraBoyntonthinkaboutimagination?A.Itfascinatesbothadultsandchildren.B.Itcanbewakenupbyattentiontosenses.C.Itcanbenaturallyarousedoutofcuriosity.D.Itlastsforlonginapermanentkindergartner.37.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatSandra________whenwritingchildren’sbooks.A.findsherselfconfusedaboutrememberingchildhoodB.agreeswithotherbookwritersthatwritingishard
C.putsherselfinachild’splaceandthinkslikeachildD.isdelightedthatshedoesn’tneedtofindanotherjob38.Sandrathinkstheappsshemadewithherpartnerwerecoolbecausetheywere________.A.newwaystoincreaseinteractionsbetweenusersB.interactivebycombiningtheatreandbookC.beneficialwiththecontentbasedontheoriginalbookD.createdbyaninsanelyingeniousexpertandfriend39.Wecanconcludefromtheinterviewthat________.A.SandraisgoodatmakingathreateningfigurecuteB.kidsarealwayscalminsteadofbeingafraidofthingsC.digitaldeviceshavebeenembracedbymostoftheauthorsD.therewerenointeractivebookappsbeforeSandra’sapps(B)MappingYourWorldDifferentformsofmapsareappearing.Theyallowindependenttravelerstogetlocalknowledgeofplacestheyarevisiting,fromtheofficialtotheunusual.Meanwhile,hi-techdevelopmentsarecreatingnewwaysforustomaptheworld.Herearetwoofourfavorites;GreenMapsGreenMapsallowspeopletosharewiththeworldtheirknowledgeofenvironmentallyfriendlyplacesandattractionsinthelocalareas.Usersaddinformationwithasetoficons(图标),makingiteasytoreadanymap,whateverthenationalitiesofthosewhoproduceit.Atpresentthereareoverfivehundred.Mapprojectsbeingdevelopedin54countriesGreenMaps’advertisedideais“thinkglobal,maplocal”.Itisawonderfulwayofgainingallsortsofaplace,rangingfromcommunitygardentogoodplacesofbirdwatching.GreenMapsisnotspecificallyintendedfortravelers.Notallofitsmapsareonline,soitmaybenecessaryforsomeuserstocommunicatewithproducersthroughtheGreenMapswebsite.MapsMashupsManypeopleuseonlinemapsdevelopedbyGoogle,butnotmanyknowaboutthemashupsofthem.WorkinginasimilarwaytoGreenMaps,MapsMashupsallowspeopletoaddiconsoftheirowntoexistingmapstoexpressacertaintopic.Themashupsissocalledbecauseitcombinesalltheknowledgeyoucouldeverneed.Itrangesfromtheextremelyuseful,suchaswherealltheWorldHeritageSiteare,tothemostbizarre(古怪的),suchaswhereAmerica’sdrunkestcitiesare.WiththemashupsaddedtothebasicGoogleMaps,amulti-layered(多层的)mapcanbecreated.40.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofGreenMaps?
A.Aimingatenvironmentalprotection.B.Introducinglocalattractionswithicons.C.Offeringadvicetoindependenttravelers.D.Collectingiconsworldwideforlocalmaps.41.WhichofthefollowingiconsismostprobablyNOTusedinGreenMapsA.B.C.D.42.MapMashupsisnamedwiththeword“mashups”becauseA.itisproducedbyusersallovertheworldB.itgathersvariouskindsofinformationC.itsharesiconswithGreenMapsD.itisabranchofGoogleMaps43.WhatdoGreenMapsandMapMashupshaveincommon?A.Theyarecreatedbylocalpeople.B.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.C.UserscaneditmapsontheInternet.D.Usersneedtocommunicatewithproduces.(C)Howisitthatsiblings(兄弟姐妹)canturnoutsodifferently?Oneansweristhatinfacteachsiblinggrowsupinadifferentfamily.Thefirstbornis,forawhile,anonlychild,andthereforehasacompletelydifferentexperienceoftheparentsthanthosebornlater.Thenextchildis,forawhile,theyoungest,untilthesituationischangedbyanewarrival.Themotherandfatherthemselvesarechangingandgrowinguptoo.Onesiblingmightliveinastableandclosefamilyinthefirstfewyears;anothermightberaisedinafamilycrisis,withadisappointedmotheroranangryfather.Siblingcompetitionwasidentifiedasanimportantshapingforceasearlyasin1918.Butmorerecently,researchershavefoundmanywaysinwhichbrothersandsistersarealastingforceineachothers’lives.Dr.AnnetteHendersonsaysfirstbornchildrenpickupvocabularymorequicklythantheirsiblings.Thereasonforthismightbethatthelaterchildrenaren’tgettingthesameone-on-onetimewithparents.Butthatdoesn’tmeanthattheyoungerchildrenhaveproblemswithlanguagedevelopment.Later-bornsdon’tenjoythatmuchtalkingtimewithparents,butinsteadtheyharvestlessonsfrombiggerbrothersandsisters,learningentirephrasesandgettinganunderstandingofsocialconceptssuchasthedifferencebetween“I”and“me”.ACambridgeUniversitystudyof140childrenfoundthatsiblingscreatedarichworldofplaythathelpedthemgrowsocially.Love-haterelationshipswerecommonamongthechildren.Eventhose
siblingswhofoughtthemosthadjustasmuchpositivecommunicationastheothersiblingpairs.Onewaychildrenseekmoreattentionfromparentsisbymakingthemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblings,particularlyiftheyarecloseinage.Researchershavefoundthatthefirsttwochildreninafamilyaretypicallymoredifferentfromeachotherthanthesecondandthird.Girlswithbrothersshowtheirdifferencestoamaximumdegreebybeingmorefemininethangirlswithsisters.A2003researchpaperstudiedadolescentsfrom185familiesovertwoyears,findingthatthosewhochangedtomakethemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblingsweresuccessfulinincreasingtheamountofwarmththeygainedfromtheirparents.44Theunderlinedpart“inadifferentfamily”(inPara.1)means“_______”.A.inadifferentfamilyenvironmentB.inadifferentfamilytraditionC.indifferentfamilycrisesD.indifferentfamilies45.Intermsoflanguagedevelopment,later-borns________.A.gettheirparents’individualguidanceB.learnalotfromtheireldersiblingsC.experiencealotofdifficultiesD.pickupwordsmorequickly46.Whatwasfoundaboutfightsamongsiblings?A.Siblingshatedfightingandlovedplaying.B.Siblingsinsomefamiliesfoughtfrequently.C.Siblingfightsledtobadsiblingrelationships.D.Siblingslearnedtogetontogetherfromfights.47.Theword“feminine”(inPara.4)means“_______”.A.havingqualitiesofparentsB.havingqualitiesofwomenC.havingdefensivequalitiesD.havingextraordinaryqualities(D)Youaregivenmanyopportunitiesinlifetochoosetobeavictimorcreator.Whenyouchoosetobeavictim,theworldisacoldanddifficultplace.“They”didthingstoyouwhichcausedallofyourpainandsuffering.“They”arewrongandbad,andlifeisterribleaslongas“they”arearound.Oryoumayblameyourselfforallyourproblems,thusinternalizing(内化)yourvictimization.Thetruthis,yourlifeislikelytostaythatwayaslongasyoufeelaneedtoblameyourselforothers.Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividuals
whomightliketocontroltheirlives,buttheydon’tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses,yettheydon’tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens,theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.Victimsandcreatorsliveinthesamephysicalworldanddealwithmanyofthesamephysicalrealities,yettheirexperienceoflifeisworldsapart.Victimsrelish(沉溺)inanger,guilt,andotheremotionsthatcauseothers—andeventhemselves—tofeellikevictims,too.Creatorsconsciouslychooselove,inspiration,andotherqualitieswhichinspirenotonlythemselves,butallaroundthem.Bothvictimsandcreatorsalwayshavechoicetodeterminethedirectionoftheirlives.Inreality,allofusplaythevictimorthecreatoratvariouspointsinourlives.Oneperson,onlosingajoboraspecialrelationship,mayfeelasifitistheendoftheworldandsinkintoterriblesufferingformonths,years,orevenalifetime.Anotherwiththesameexperiencemaychoosetofirstexperiencethegrief,thenacceptthelossandsoonmoveontobeapowerfulcreativeforceinhislife.Ineverymomentandeverycircumstance,youcanchoosetohavefuller,richerlifebysettingaclearintentiontotransformthevictimwithin,andbyinvitingintoyourlifethepowerfulcreatorthatyouare.48.Whatdoestheword“they”inParagraph1probablyreferto?A.Peopleandthingsaroundyou.B.Opportunitiesandproblems.C.Creatorsandtheirchoices.D.Victimsandtheirsufferings.49.AccordingtoParagraph2,creators________.A.seemtopredictfailuresintheirfuturelifeB.possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC.handleupsanddownsoflifewiselyD.havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew50.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Creatorsandvictimsfacequitedifferentthingsinlife.B.Comparedwithvictims,creatorsaremoreemotional.C.Strongattachmenttosufferingsinlifepullspeopleintovictims.D.One’sexperiencesdeterminehisattitudetowardlife.51.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Todefinevictimsandcreators.B.Toevaluatevictimsagainstcreators.C.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweenvictimsandcreators.
D.Tosuggestthetransformationfromvictimstocreators.(E)Recently,astheBritishdoctorLordRobertWinstontookatrainfromLondontoManchester,hefoundhimselfbecomingsteadilyenraged.Awomanhadpickedupherphoneandbegunaloudconversation,whichwouldlastanunbelievablehour.Furious,Winstonbegantotweetaboutthewoman.Hetookherpictureandsentittohismorethan40,000followers.Whenthetrainarrivedatitsdestination,Winstonbolted.He’dhadenoughofthewoman’srudeness.Butthepresswerenowwaitingforherontheplatform.____52____Winston’staleissomethingofamicrocosmofourageofincreasingrudeness,fueledbysocialmedia.Whatcanwedotofixthis?Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquicklyandvirally,almostlikethecommoncold.Justwitnessingrudenessmakesitfarmorelikelythatwe,inturn,willberudelateron.Onceinfected,wearemoreaggressive,lesscreativeandworseatourjobs.____53____Wemusthavethegutstocallitout,facetoface.Wemustsay,“Juststop.”ForWinston,thatwouldhavemeantapproachingthewoman,tellingherthatherconversationwasfrustratingotherpassengersandpolitelyaskinghertospeakmorequietlyormakethecallatanothertime.____54____Inmyownresearch,surveying2,000adults,Idiscoveredthattheactsofrevengepeoplehadtakenrangedfromtheridiculoustothedisturbing.Winstondidshineaspotlightonthewoman’sbehavior—butfromafar,inawaythatshamedher.Wemustinsteadcombatrudenessheadon.Whenweseeitoccurinastore,wemuststepupandsaysomething.Ifithappenstoacolleague,wemustpointitout.Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe’ddefendourbestfriends.Butwecandoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrudeourselves.____55____Asthistideofrudenessrises,civilizationneedscivility.A.Thinktwicebeforeusingmobilephonesinelevators,museums,churchesorotherindoorpublicplaces—especiallyenclosedspaces.B.Becauseoncerudepeoplecanseetheiractionsthroughtheeyesofothers,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatstrainthemselves.C.Theembarrassmentcausedbythetweetsmadethewomanimproveherbehavior.D.Therageandinjusticewefeelattherudebehaviorofastrangercandriveustodooddthings.E.Theonlywaytoendastrainistomakeaconsciousdecisiontodoso.F.WhentheygleefullyshowedherLord’smessages,sheusedjustonewordtodescribeWinston’sactions:rude.V.Translation(15’)56.你越向别人敞开心扉，你所承受痛苦就越少。(Themore...)（汉译英）
57.如果你能教会我如何使用这个App订蔬菜，我将感激不尽。(appreciate)（汉译英）58.警方告知村民，那条唯一通往镇里的公路在地震中遭受了严重破坏。(inform)（汉译英）
