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高一英语5月考试试卷满分：150分考试时间：120分钟I.ListeningComprehension(30’)SectionA(10’)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Curious.B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed.D.Puzzled.2.A.Ithasgonewrong.B.Itisoutoffashion.C.Anewonewillreplaceit.D.Thereisn’tenoughtimetofixit.3.A.50cents.B.10cents.C.40cents.D.60cents.4.A.Theyaredissatisfiedwithitsrecentchanges.B.Theyareunhappywiththepricesofitsfood.C.Theyareexcitedtomeetitsnewmanager.DTheyaredelightedatitsItalianfood.5.A.Ithasgained15minutes.B.Ithasgained30minutes.C.Ithaslost15minutes.D.Ithaslost30minutes.6.A.Itmightbesunny.B.Itmightbewarmer.C.Itmightberainy.D.Itmightbebetter.7.A.Helen’sneighborhoodistoofaraway.B.Theydon’tactuallyneedanewapartment.C.Helenshouldhavetoldthemhowmuchtherentis.D.Theycan’taffordtheapartmentHelenrecommended.8.A.TheyliveonHuachuanStreet.B.Theyareunfamiliarwiththetown.C.Theyforgottotakeamapwiththem.
1D.Theyaskedthepolicemanfordirection.9.A.Howtocleanoffthedirt.B.Wheretolookforwater.C.Wheretodigouttheseed.D.Howtoplantsomething.10.A.AskMarywhentheexhibitwillbegin.B.Invitesomeoneelsetothemuseum.C.Tellhermoreabouttheexhibit.D.Takeacourseinarthistory.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Itfilmswhathesees.B.Ithelpshimseebetter.C.Itconnectshimtoadoctor.D.Ittakesphotosofeverything.12.A.Anoperationwentwrong.B.Hehadanaccidentwithagun.C.Hewasbornwithaneyeproblem.D.Hisgrandfatheraccidentallyshothim.13.A.DrMannwasaspecialistinbuildingtinycameras.B.DrMannhadexperienceinworkingwitheyedevices.C.DrMannwasanexpertintechnologywhichconnectshumanswithman-madedevices.D.DrMannhadbeendescribedbyTimemagazineasoneofthebestinventorsoftheyear.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingtalk.14.A.Theyarethehighestwaterfallintheworld.B.Theyarethewidestwaterfallintheworld.C.Theyarethebiggestwaterfallintheworld.D.Theyarethefastestwaterfallintheworld.15.A.Theirwaterisdecreasing.B.Theyhaveparallelstreams.C.Therearemanyrocksinthem.D.TheZambeziRiverendsinthem.
216.A.Visitorscanenjoythematashortdistance.B.Theyhavemanytree-coveredislands.C.Visitorsfindthemaccessiblebyboat.D.Theyarejust60metresinwidth.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Shefeltembarrassedwhilemeetinghermother’sfriends.B.Shefelthappythatshecoulddowhatotherkidscouldn’tdo.C.Sheoftendreamedaboutbeinglikehermother.D.Shegotmorebirthdaygiftsthanotherkids.18.A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Vague.19.A.Beingpractical.B.Beinghonest.C.Beingdiligent.D.Beingorganized.20.A.Sheoncelearnedtodeliverspeeches.B.Sheusedtoworkforatheatre.C.Shehasalittleaccent.D.Shespeaksveryloudly.II.GrammarandVocabulary(32’)SectionA(12’)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RedAlertAngertriggers(引发)yourbody’s‘fightorflight’response.Whenyoustarttogetangry,yourbraintriggersthereleaseofarangeofhormones____1____affecteverypartofyourbody.Youareonredalert!HealthproblemsIfyougetangryalot,thefloodofstresschemicals____2____(go)withregular,unmanagedangercaneventuallyharmyourbody.Someofthehealthproblems____3____(link)tounmanagedangerincludeheadaches,digestionproblems,insomnia,increasedanxiety,depression,highbloodpressure,skinproblemslikeeczema,strokesandheartattacks.You’dbetter____4____(get)itundercontrol,then.Somepeoplehavelittlecontrolovertheirangerandtheirtempercanisolate____5____fromfamilyandfriends.Someangrypeoplehavelowself-respect,andusetheiranger____6____awaytofeelpowerful.Otherpeoplethinkangerisa“bad”emotionandtrytobottleitup.Thisoften____7____(turn)intodepressionandanxiety.Theygetridoftheir
3bottled-upangerbyexplodingatfriendsorfamily.HelpfulwaystodealwithangerlIfyoufeeloutofcontrol,walkawayfromthesituation____8____youcooldown.lRecogniseandacceptangryfeelingsasnormalandpartoflife.lTrytopinpointtheexactreasons____9____youfeelangry.Onceyouhaveidentifiedtheproblem,trytothinkofdifferentwaystoremedy(补救)thesituation.lDosomethingphysical-goforarunorplaysport.Long-termangermanagementlKeepadiaryofyouroutbursts,tosee____10____youcanunderstandhowandwhyyougetmad.lLearnsomerelaxationtechniques,____11____meditationoryoga.lTakeregularexercise.Itcanimproveyourmoodandreducestresslevels.Exerciseboostsproductionoffeel-goodchemicalsinyourbody,includingendorphins.lSeeapsychologistifyoustillfeelangryabouteventsthat____12____(occur)inyourpast.SectionB(20’)(A)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accepted.B.altered.C.boundaries.D.factual.E.banned.F.clinicallyG.damagesH.addictsI.impressivelyJ.sensitiveK.variousTooGoodToBeTrueInads,youwilloftenseepeoplestaringopen-mouthedathowwondrousaproductis,clearlythinkingthatitcan’tbetrue.It’salwaysworthbearinginmindthatitmightwellnotbe.Generally,advertisersmaygetawaywithabitofexaggeration,butcompaniesmustnotpushthe____13____toofar,asitcancostmillionsofdollarsin____14____ifsomeonesuesformakingfalseclaims.AdsforDannon’sActiviayoghurtsaidthatitcouldprovide____15____nutritionalbenefits,butinalegalchallenge,thecourtswouldn’tacceptthatthesewere“____16____”and“scientifically”proven.Dannonhadtopayupto$45milliontoconsumerswhofeltcheatedandlimititshealthclaimstostrictly____17____onesinfuture.ItmusthavecomeasmoreofasurprisewhenFerrero,themakersofthechocolateandhazelnutspreadNutella,beganpromotingitsnutritionalbenefits(thoughlong-term____18____willhavebeenhappytolearnthat
4theyoughtnottohaveworriedaboutitbeingunhealthyforallthoseyears).However,itmayhavebeenasteptoofarforFerrerotomaintainitwasahealthy“goodforyoutreat.”Afterhavingtopaymillionstothecustomerswhosuedoverthisfalseclaim,thecompany____19____thatitshouldchangetheadsandproductlabels.Ofcourse,imagesmustnotmisleadeither.AnOlayadforDefinityeyecreamshowedformermodelTwiggylooking____20____wrinkle-free.Youdidn’thavetobeanexperttoseethattheimagemusthavebeendigitally____21____.Inreallife,Twiggymayhavebeenlookinggoodforsomeonepushing60,butintheadshelookedalotyoungerthansheshouldhave.Afterreceivingcomplaints,theadvertisingauthoritiesconfirmeditwasacaseofimagemanipulationand_____22_____thead,sayingthatitcouldgiveconsumersa“misleadingimpressionoftheeffecttheproductcouldachieve.”(B)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accountB.alternativesC.trappedD.appliedE.typicallyF.involvesG.propertiesH.designI.approachesJ.performanceK.slowsEvenwithawetsuit,acoldwaterdivecanbeabone-chillingexperience.InArcticwaters,divers____23____lastonlyanhour,andeventhatshorttimecanleadtonumb,painfulextremities.But,byimprovingona(n)____24____alreadyusedinnature,researcherssaythatthey’veturnedregularwetsuitsintowhattheycall“artificialblubber(人造脂肪),”greatlyincreasingtheir____25____withjustasimpletreatment.Currentlytheonlycold-water____26____towetsuitsaredrysuitsandwarm-watersuits,whichrespectivelykeepalayerofairorwarmwaterbetweenthesuitandtheskin.“Butthosesuitsarevulnerabletobeingripped,andiftheydo,theyfailcatastrophically(灾难性地),andyouhavetocomeoutofthecoldwaterimmediately,”saidstudyco-seniorauthorMichaelStrano,achemicalengineeratMIT.MITscientistswereinvitedbytheU.S.NavyandtheSEALstolookforlonger-lastingprotectioninicywaters.“AstheArcticopensupbecauseofclimatechange,theNavyisgoingtobedoingmoreworkinArcticwater,”Stranosaid.Theresearchersanalyzeddifferent____27____usedbyvariousanimalsinarcticconditions.Theyfoundthreestrategies.One____28____airpocketstrappedinfurorfeathers,asseenwithottersandpenguins.Anotheristhroughinternallygeneratedheat,aswithsomeanimalsandfish,includinggreatwhitesharks.Thelastisalayerofthematerialthatgreatly____29____heatlossfromthebody,aswithsealandwhaleblubber.
5Thescientistsultimatelydevelopedawaytoupgradeanyconventionalwetsuitintoablubber-likeinsulatingsuit.“We’vemadethelowestthermalconductivitygarmentonrecord,”Stranosaid.GasMattersStandardwetsuitsaremadeofneoprene,asyntheticrubbermadeintoakindoffoam.____30____withinthestructureofneoprenearetinypocketsofairthattakeupmorethantwo-thirdsofthematerial’svolumeand____31____forhalfoftheheatthatgetstransferredthroughit.Thenewmethodsimplyinvolvesplacingawetsuitinsideapressuretanknobiggerthanabeerkegfilledwithaheavyinertgassuchasxenonorkrypton—whichtransferfarlessheatthanairdoes—foraboutaday.Thisheavygasreplacesthenormalairwithintheneoprene,greatlyenhancingits_____32_____ofheatinsulation.Thisnewstrategyraisestheamountoftimediverscansurviveinwatercolderthan10degreesCelsiusfromlessthanonehourtouptothreehours.Theenhancementtothesuitcanlastforroughly20hours,muchlongerthananyonewouldspendonadive,theresearcherssaid.Theresearchersarenowlookingforvolunteerstotesttheinertgas-filledwetsuits.III.ReadingComprehension(68’)SectionA(30’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.(A)Overthepastdecade,thenumberofAmericanchildrenandteenagersadmittedtochildren’shospitalsfordepressionhasmorethandoubled.Theremaybeplentyofreasonsforit.“Anumberofthingsarepretty____33____toyoungpeopletoday.TheywerebornaroundwhentheColumbineshootinghappened,theywerekidsfor9/11,theywerekidsduringoneoftheworstfinancialcrisesinmodernhistory,”saysNicoleGreen,theexecutivedirectorofCounsellingandPsychologicalServicesattheUniversityofCalifornia.Abignewstudysuggestsadifferent____34____forteenagedepression—themanyhoursyoungpeoplespendstaringattheirphonescreens.Thatmightbehavingserious____35____,accordingtothestudy’sauthor,JeanTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversityandauthorof“iGen:WhyToday’sSuper-ConnectedKidsAreGrowingUpLessRebellious,MoreTolerant,LessHappy”.Byresearchingnationalsurveys,withdatacollectedfromover500,000Americanteenagers,MsTwengefoundthatadolescentswhospentmoretimeonnewmediaweremorelikelyto____36____remarkssuchas:“Thefutureoftenseems____37____,”or“IfeelthatIcan’tdoanythingright.”Thosewhousedscreensless,spendingtimeplayingsport,doinghomework,orsocializingwithfriends____38____,werelesslikelytoreportmentaltroubles.AsMsTwengeherselfadmits,thestudydoesnotprove____39____.Itispossiblethatanotherforceis
6behindtheincreaseddiagnosisofdepressionamongadolescents,andthatsadteenagersaremorelikelythantheirhappypeerstoseekrefugeintheir____40____.Butagrowingbodyofscientificevidencesupportstheideathatsocialmediacanleadtoproblems.Onestudypublishedin2016askedarandomlyselectedgroupofadultsto____41____socialmediawebsitesforaweek;acontrolgroupcontinuedbrowsingthesitesasusual.Theformerreportedfeelingless_____42_____attheendoftheweekthanthelatter.Anotherexperimentpublishedin2013foundthatthemoreparticipantsusedsocialmediawebsites,themoresaddenedtheyfeltabouttheirlives.However,itshowedthatfeelingbluedidnotleadpeopleto_____43_____theirsocialmediause.Notallstudiesaresoworrying.Pastresearchsuggeststhatsocial-networkingsitescanpromote_____44_____ifusedtoengagedirectlywithotherusers,ratherthanjusttobrowsephotosofsomeoneelse’sholidayorwedding.Thisdistinctionisareminderthatsocialmediaiswhatusersbringtoit—their_____45_____shapetheirexperiences,bothonandoffline.“Itrytoremindmyselfthatpeopleonlypostwhatthey_____46_____youtosee,soitcanseemliketheirlifeisbetterthanyours,”reflectsSarah,ajuniorathighschoolinLosAngeles.Nicole,anotherjunior,agrees.Butwhenaskedifshehaseverconsidered_____47_____hersocialmediaaccounts,shelooksconfused.“No.Iwouldfeellost.”33.A.helpfulB.uniqueC.relatedD.convenient34.A.schemeB.treatmentC.explanationD.structure35.A.difficultiesB.considerationsC.effectsD.symptoms36.A.dependonB.agreewithC.complainaboutD.ruleout37.A.hopelessB.promisingC.importantD.uncertain38.A.withoutdelayB.bychanceC.onendD.inperson39.A.reasonableB.feasibleC.productiveD.effective40.A.peersB.phonesC.familiesD.games41.A.quitB.surfC.monitorD.test42.A.ignoredB.depressedC.confusedD.annoyed43.A.supportB.restrictC.revealD.increase44.A.happinessB.efficiencyC.awarenessD.cooperation45.A.responsesB.resolutionsC.attitudesD.adjustments46.A.promiseB.orderC.wantD.forbid47.A.sharingB.openingC.checkingD.deleting(B)HowFacebookProgrammedOurRelatives
7Threeyearsago,onhisbirthday,alawprofessorwatchedhise-mailinboxasusual.ButitwasfilledwithFacebooknotifications(通告)____48____thatfriendshadpostedmessagesonhiswall.Themessagesmadehimsad.Theblockedinboxwas____49____,butwhatreallyupsethimwashavingdisclosedhisbirthdatetoFacebookinthefirstplace.It’snotnecessaryforsocialnetworkingtocomplywith(遵守)privacylaws,assomepeople____50____believe.Hehadn’tpaidmuchattentionwhenhesignedup—aswithmostelectroniccontracts,therewasnoroomfornegotiationaboutterms.He____51____Facebook’sinstructions,enteredthedataandclickedabutton.Afewdayslater,thelawprofessordecidedtochangethebirthdateonhisFacebookprofileto____52____thesamesituationnextyear.Butwhenthefakedaterolledaround,hisinboxagainwasfloodedwithFacebooknotifications.Twoofthemessageswerefromcloserelatives,oneofwhomhehadspokenwithonthephoneonhisactualbirthday!Howcouldshenotrealizethatthedatewas____53____?Ourhypothesis(假设):she’dbeenprogrammed!Thatlawprofessorwasoneofus,anditconfirmedhis____54____thatmostpeoplerespond____55____toFacebook’sprompts(提示)toprovideinformationorcontactafriendwithoutreallythinkingmuchaboutit.That’sbecausedigitalnetworkedtechnologiesareengineeringhumanstobehavelikesimplestimulus-responsemachines.Socialmediaplaysatremendousroleinmodernlife.Facebook,LinkedInandTwitterhavebecometheprimarywaysofkeepingintouchwithfriends,family,classmatesandcolleagues.Todate,____56____,researchershavenotfullyexploredthedegreetowhichtheseplatformsareliterallyprogramminghumanresponses.Socialmediaplatformsencodearangeofsocial____57____:Facebooknotifiesuswhenitistimetowishourfriendsahappybirthday;LinkedInpromptsustocongratulatecontactsontheirworkanniversaries.Asaresult,socialinteractionsareoften____58____totheclickofabutton.Facebookmayincreasethenumberofpeopletowhomwewishahappybirthdaywithafewclicksofabutton;it’snotasifwerememberthebirthdatesofthathighschoolclassmateordistantcousin.Butifitbecomes____59____behavior,isitevenmeaningful?Asforpeoplewhoaren’tonFacebookordon’tposttheirbirthdatespublicly,the____60____theyexactovertheirdatacomesatacost:theydon’treceivescoresofwell-wishesfromfar-flungcontacts.____61____,it’sstillnicetobethoughtof,evenifjustonceayear.Digitalplatformsare____62____whatitmeanstobehuman,andwecan’trelyontheplatformstopoliceorresearchourselves.Inthemeantime,whenyourbirthdayrollsaround,enjoythewarmfeelingsfromfriendssendingtheirregards—butrememberthattheydon’tknowwhenyourbirthdayreallyisanymorethanyoudotheirs.
848.A.requiringB.recognizingC.indicatingD.summarizing49.A.annoyingB.embarrassingC.frustratingD.exciting50.A.hardlyB.passionatelyC.mistakenlyD.slowly51.A.lackedB.suspendedC.obeyedD.offered52A.acceptB.avoidC.analyzeD.arrange53.A.significantB.definiteC.correctD.fake54.A.doubtB.appointmentC.statementD.plan55.A.cautiouslyB.positivelyC.automaticallyD.aggressively56.A.thusB.howeverC.moreoverD.otherwise57.A.reformsB.problemsC.issuesD.behaviors58.A.adaptedB.reducedC.committedD.admitted59.A.suspectedB.acceptedC.programmedD.benefited60.A.controlB.judgmentsC.influenceD.skills61.A.InreturnB.InadditionC.ForexampleD.Afterall62.A.enrichingB.examiningC.shapingD.retainingSectionB(30’)Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)Haveyoueverleftacinemashakingyourheadafterseeingafilmwithanendingthatyoucouldseecomingfromtenkilometresaway?Mostofushave.Afilmcanhavemanystarsandbeautifullocations,butifthescreenplayispoor,it’sunlikelythatitwillbeahitwithaudiences.Beingascreenwritercanbeaprofitablecareerandthereisnoshortageofcandidatesforthejob.However,althoughthemajorstudiosreceivethousandsofscriptseveryyear,onlyafewmakeittothesilverscreen.Thestudioshaveverysetideasaboutwhatmakesagoodscreenplayandifascriptdoesn’tmatchthem,ithasn’tgotachance.TheartofscreenwritingisgreatlyinfluencedbyPoetics,thebookonthetheoryofliteraturewrittenbyAristotleinabout350B.C.Aristotleproposedthatastorylineshouldconsistofthreeparts:abeginninginwhichwemeetthecharactersandtheplacewheretheactionoccurs,amiddleinwhichaproblemthathastobeovercomeisintroducedandfinallyanend,wheretheproblem,atleastinHollywoodfilms,issolved.Itmay
9surpriseyoutodiscoverthattheancientGreekphilosopher’sideasshouldhavesomuchinfluenceonsuchamodernartform.Itwillsurpriseyouevenmoretolearnthathisideasaremorepopularthanever.Intheseventies,Hollywoodscriptwriter,SydField,discoveredthatfilmsthatfollowedAristotle’splandidmuchbetterattheboxofficethanthosethatdidn’t.FieldstudiedthemostsuccessfulfilmsandcameupwithamorerigorousversionofAristotle’stheory.Thebeginningofthefilmshouldlastnolongerthanhalfanhour,attheendofwhichaturningpointmustoccur.Fieldevensuggestedthattheperfectmomentforthisturningpointisthetwenty-seventhminute!Then,forthefollowingsixtyminutesthemaincharacterisinvolvedinfacingthechallengethathasbeenset.Atthemidpointofthisperiod,thewritermayintroduceanotherturningpointwhichmustbeareversalinthecharacter’sfortunes.Thefinalquarterofthefilmisfortheclimaxofthestory,asthecharacterfightstoachievetheiraims.Doesitsoundfamiliar?Itshoulddo,becausevirtuallyallHollywoodfilmsfollowthisscheme.Sothenexttimeyouaccuseafilmofbeingunoriginal,you’llknowwhotoblame!63.Ifascript________,ithasagreaterchancetobechosenbystudios.A.iswrittenbyawell-knownscreenwriterB.matchestheaudience’ssetideaofagoodstoryC.agreeswithstudios’standardsofagoodscreenplayD.isconsideredtobeagoodscreenplaybythepublic64.InthebookPoeticswhatdidAristotleproposedaboutastoryline?A.Thesettingshouldberevealedinthebeginning.B.Aproblemhastobeintroducedinthebeginning.C.Thesolutiondoesn’tnecessarilyappearintheend.D.Moretimeshouldbedevotedtotheendthantothemiddle.65.Theword“rigorous”(inparagraph4)isclosestinmeaningto________.A.modernandrelaxedB.thoroughandstrictC.simplebutefficientD.complexbutunderstandable66.Whichofthefollowingquestionshasbeenansweredinthepassage?A.WhymanyHollywoodfilmslooksimilartoeachother.B.HowastorylinecanbeimprovedbasedonAristotle’stheory.C.WhatkindsofHollywoodfilmsappealsmoretotheaudience.
10D.Whoshouldbetoblameforthedeclineofthequalityoffilms.(B)KINDLYINDICATEYOURRETURNKMREADING,FUELGAUGEREADING,DATEANDTIME,ANDRETURNTHISENVELOPE,WITHYOURKEYS,TOTHERENTALCOUNTER.DOCUMENTNUMBERRETURNKMREADINGRETURNFUELGAUGEE1/81/43/81/25/83/47/8FRETURNDATERETURNTIMESafeDrivinginSouthAfricaVER’SLICENCEWhendriving,youmustbeinpossessionofyourdriver’slicenseatalltimes.SEATBELTSThelawrequiresthatyouwearseatbeltsatalltimes.DRIVINGInSouthAfricadrivingisontheleft-handsideoftheroad.SPEEDLIMITSGenerally60km/hrinbuilt-upareas,100km/hrinruralareasand120km/hronhighways.PETROLPetrolisavailable24hoursperday.TYRESAvisundertakesthatondeliveryofthevehicletotherenter,theconditionofthetyreswillbeincompliancewithlegislationandthetyrepressureinaccordancewith(符合法规)thevehiclemanufacturer’sspecificationfor“normaluse”.Itistheresponsibilityoftherentertoensurethatboththeconditionandinflation(充气)ofthetyresareappropriatethroughoutthecourseoftherental.Itistheresponsibilityoftherentertoinspecttheconditionofthetyresatcommencementoftherentalandtomakeadjustmentstothetyrepressuretotakeintoaccountsuchfactorsasthenumberofpassengers,massofluggage,ambienttemperatures,speedandroadcondition.IMMOBILISER
11Unleaded(铅)petrolshouldbeusedinAviscars.Creditcardsarenotacceptedforthepaymentofpetrol.SAFETYForyourownsafety,keepyourdoorslockedwhiledriving.LOCKUPShutwindowsandlockalldoorsandthebootwhenleavingthevehicleunattended.VALUABLESDonotleavepersonalbelongingssuchascellphonesandvaluablesinyourvehicle.Theyarenotcoveredbyourinsurance.Pleaseusetheimmobiliserwhenleavingthevehicleunattended.ROADMAPSMapsofsouthernAfrica,includingcityandregionalmaps,canbefoundinacopyoftheAvisInboundmagazine,ineachvehicleorattheAvisCustomerServiceCenter.MoreextensiveareamapsareobtainablefromtheAutomobileAssociation(AA)andSouthAfricanTourism.AvisCareline:+27(0)80000166924-hourbreakdownandmedicalemergenciesAvisCentralReservations:National:+27(0)861021111International:+27(0)861034444PreferredService:+27(0)861113333Website:www.avis.co.za67.Whatcanrentersdotokeepthetyresingoodcondition?A.Avoiddrivingtoofast.B.Reducethemassofluggage.C.Limitthenumberofpassengers.D.Adjustthetyrepressureasneeded.68.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Peoplecanpayforpetrolbycash.B.MapsarenotavailableinallAviscars.C.Driversneedn’twearseatbeltsinruralareas.
12D.Renterscanmakeaclaimiftheirvaluablesarestolen.69.WhichtelephonenumbermaythosewhohaverentedanAviscarinSouthAfricafindmostuseful?A.+27(0)800001669.B.+27(0)861021111.C.+27(0)861034444.D.+27(0)861113333.(C)Theterm“folksong”hasbeencurrentforoverahundredyears,butthereisstillagooddealofdisagreementastowhatitactuallymeans.ThedefinitionprovidedbytheInternationalFolkMusicCouncilstatesthatfolkmusicisthemusicofordinarypeople,whichispassedonfrompersontopersonbybeinglistenedtoratherthanlearnedfromtheprintedpage.Otherfactorsthathelpshapeafolksonginclude:continuity(manyperformancesoveranumberofyears);variation(changesinwordsandmelodieseitherthroughartisticinterpretationorfailureofmemory);andselection(theacceptanceofasongbythecommunityinwhichitevolves).Whensongshavebeensubjectedtotheseprocessestheiroriginisusuallyimpossibletotrace.Forinstance,ifafarmlaborerweretomakeupasongandsingittoacoupleoffriendswholikeitandmemorizeit,possiblywhenthefriendscometosingitthemselvesoneofthemmightforgetsomeofthewordsandmakeupnewonestofillthegap,whiletheother,perhapsmoreartistic,mightaddafewdecorativetouchestothetuneandimproveacoupleoflinesoftext.Ifthishappenedafewtimestherewouldbemanydifferentversions,thesong’soriginalcomposerwouldbeforgotten,andthesongwouldbecomecommonproperty.Thisconstantreshapingandre-creationistheessenceoffolkmusic.Consequently,modernpopularsongsandotherpublishedmusic,eventhoughwidelysungbypeoplewhoarenotprofessionalmusicians,arenotconsideredfolkmusic.Themusicandwordshavebeensetbyaprintedorrecordedsource,limitingscopeforfurtherartisticcreation.Thesesongs’originscannotbecoveredandthereforetheybelongprimarilytothecomposerandnottoacommunity.Theidealsituationforthecreationoffolkmusicisanisolatedruralcommunity.Insuchasettingfolksongsanddanceshaveaspecialpurposeateverystageinaperson’slife,fromchildhoodtodeath.Epic(史诗)talesofheroicdeeds,seasonalsongsrelatingtocalendarevents,andoccupationalsongsarealsolikelytobesung.70.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheterm“folksong”issupportedbythepassage?A.TheInternationalFolkMusicCouncilinventedit.B.Ithasbeenusedforseveralcenturies.C.Itisconsideredtobeoutofdate.D.Thereisdisagreementaboutitsmeaning.71.Theauthormentionsthefarmlaborerandhisfriends(paragraph2)inorderto________.A.explainhowafolksongevolvesovertime
13B.illustratetheimportanceofmusictoruralworkersC.showhowsubjectmatterisselectedforafolksongD.demonstratehowacommunitychoosesafolksong72.Theauthormentionsthatpublishedmusicisnotconsideredtobefolkmusicbecause________.A.thesongsaregenerallyperformedbyprofessionalsingersB.thesongsattractonlytheyoungpeopleinacommunityC.thecomposerswritethemusicinruralcommunitiesD.theoriginalcomposercanbeeasilyidentified73.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Elementsthatdefinefolkmusic.B.Themescommonlyfoundinfolkmusic.C.Influencesoffolkmusiconpopularmusic.D.ThestandardsoftheInternationalFolkMusicCouncil.(D)Inrecentyears,thefoodindustryhasincreaseditsuseoflabels.Whetherthelabelssay“non-GMO”or“nosugar,”or“zerocarbohydrates”,consumersareincreasinglydemandingmoreinformationaboutwhat’sintheirfood.Onereportfoundthat39percentofconsumerswouldswitchfromthebrandstheycurrentlybuytoothersthatprovideclearer,moreaccurateproductinformation.Foodmanufacturersarerespondingtothereportwithnewlabelstomeetthatdemand,andthey’redoingsowithaneyetowardsgivingtheirproductsanadvantageoverthecompetition,andbolsteringprofits.Thisstrategymakesintuitivesense.Ifconsumerssaytheywanttransparency,tellthemexactlywhatisinyourproduct.Thatissimplysupplyingacertaindemand.Butthemarketingstrategyinresponsetothisconsumerdemandhasgonebeyondarticulatingwhatisinaproduct,tolabelingwhatisNOTinthefood.Theselabelsareknownas“absenceclaims”labels,andtheyrepresentanemerginglabelingtrendthatisdetrimentalbothtotheconsumerswhopurchasetheproductsandtheindustrythatsuppliesthem.Forexample,Hunt’sputa“non-GMO”labelonitscannedcrushedtomatoesafewyearsago—despitethefactthatatthetimetherewasnosuchthingasaGMOtomatoonthemarket.Somedairycompaniesareusingthe“non-GMO”labelontheirmilk,despitethefactthatallmilkisnaturallyGMO-free,anotherlabelthatcreatesunnecessaryfeararoundfood.Whilecreatinglabelsthatplayonconsumerfearsandmisconceptionsabouttheirfoodmaygiveacompanyatemporarymarketingadvantageovercompetingproductsonthegroceryaisle,inthelongtermthisstrategywill
14havejusttheoppositeeffect:byinjectingfearintothediscourseaboutourfood,weruntheriskoferodingconsumertrustinnotjustasingleproduct,buttheentirefoodbusiness.Eventually,itbecomesaquestioninconsumers,minds:Werethesefoodseversafe?Bypurchasingandconsumingthesetypesofproducts,haveIalreadydonesomekindofharmtomyfamilyortheplanet?Forfoodmanufacturers,itwillmeandamagedconsumertrustandlowersalesforeveryone.Andthisisn’tjustsupposition.Arecentstudyfoundthatabsenceclaimslabelscancreateastigmaaroundfoodsevenwhenthereisnoscientificevidencethattheycauseharm.It’sclearthatfoodmanufacturersmusttreadcarefullywhenitcomestousingabsenceclaims.Inadditiontothelikelynegativelong-termimpactonsales,thisverbaltricksendsamessagethatinnovationsinfarmingandfoodprocessingareunwelcome,eventuallyleadingtolessefficiency,fewerchoicesforconsumers,andultimately,morecostlyfoodproducts.Ifweallowthiskindoflabelingtocontinue,wewillalllose.74.Whatdoestheauthorsayismanufacturers’newmarketingstrategy?A.Stressingtheabsenceofcertainelementsintheirproducts.B.Articulatingtheuniquenutritionalvalueoftheirproducts.C.Supplyingdetailedinformationoftheirproducts.D.Designingtransparentlabelsfortheirproducts.75.Whatpointdoestheauthormakeaboutnon-GMOlabels?A.Theyareincreasinglyattractingcustomers’attention.B.TheycreatelotsoftroubleforGMOfoodproducers.C.Theyshouldbeusedmoreforvegetablesandmilk.D.Theycauseanxietyaboutfoodamongconsumers.76.Whatdoestheauthorsayabsenceclaimslabelswilldotofoodmanufacturers?A.Causechangesintheirmarketingstrategies.B.Helpremovestigmaaroundtheirproducts.C.Erodeconsumertrustandreducesales.D.Decreasesupportfromfoodscientists.77.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestfoodmanufacturersdo?A.Takemeasurestolowerthecostoffoodproducts.B.Exercisecautionabouttheuseofabsenceclaims.C.Welcomenewinnovationsinfoodprocessing.D.Promoteefficiencyandincreasefoodvariety.SectionC(8’)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthe
15box.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.RailroadsandLiteratureNineteenth-centurywritersintheUnitedStates,whethertheywrotenovels,shortstories,poemsorplays,werepowerfullydrawntotherailroadinitsgoldenyears.____78____Bythe1850’s,therailroadwasamajorpresenceinthelifeofthenation.WriterssuchasRalphWaldoEmersonandHenryDavidThoreausawtherailroadbothasasigntodevelopmentandasanobjectofsuspicion.Therailroadcouldbeandwasadespoilerofnature.Furthermore,becauseofspeedandnoise,itmightbeadespoilerofhumannatureaswell.____79____DeeplyphilosophicalhistorianssuchasHenryAdamshatedtherolethatthenewcrazeforbusinesswasplayingindestroyingtraditionalvalues.Adistrustofindustryandbusinesscontinuedamongwritersthroughouttherestofthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth.____80____Onethinksofmelodramas,boy’sbooks,thrillers,romancesandthelikeratherthannovelsofthefirstrank.Intherailroads’bestyears,between1890and1920,therewereafewindividualsintheUnitedStates,mostofthemwithsolidrailroadingexperiencebehindthem,whomadeaprofessionofwritingaboutrailroading-worksofferingtheambienceofstationsyardsandlocomotivecabs.____81____ButanyonewhotakesthetimetoconsulttheirfertilewritingswillstillfindmuchinformationabouttheplaceoftherailroadinthelifeoftheUnitedStates.A.Thesewriterswhocangenuinelybesaidtohavecreatedthe“railroadnovel”arenowmostlyforgotten,theirnameshavingfadedfrommemory.B.Bythe1850’sand1860’s,therewasagreatdistrustamongwritersandintellectualsoftherapidindustrializationofwhichtherailroadwasaleadingforce.C.The“railroadnovels”aregoodexamplesoftheeffectsindustryandbusinesshadontheliteratureoftheUnitedStates.D.Forthemostpart,theliteratureinwhichtherailroadplaysanimportantrolebelongstopopularcultureratherthantoseriousart.E.Infact,writersrespondedtotherailroadsassoonasthefirstwerebuiltinthe1830’s.F.Manywritershadtheexperienceofworkingonrailroads.IV.Translation(20’)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.82.能够对许多棘手问题提出建设性的解决办法，是这位董事长与众不同的地方。(distinguish)
16（汉译英）83.即将拍摄一部影片，致敬这些无私奉献的医务工作者，他们放弃休假，严阵以待。(honor)（汉译英）84.这家公司正是因为不重视产品更新换代，忽视售后服务，才逐步被市场淘汰的。（Itwasbecause...）85.抑郁症，表现为情绪低落，甚至觉得人生没有意义，其实是一种情绪紊乱，我们只有先了解，才能降低患病风险。(involve)（汉译英）听力答案：1-5BADAA6-10CDBDB11-13ABC14-16CBA17-20BBAD
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