资源描述：
《2021-2023年高考英语真题分项解读及变式汇编13 阅读理解D篇真题变式题（乙卷原卷版）.docx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编专题13阅读理解D篇真题变式题（全国乙卷）【2023年高考真题】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.2．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific.B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay.D．Hisrecordwasone-sided.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem.B．History.C．Voice.D．Society.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
4．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD．HowArtWorksTellStories【高考真题变式题1】Scienceisaprocessthatbuildsuponexistingtheoriesandknowledgebycontinuouslyrevisingthem.Everyaspectofscientificknowledgecanbequestioned,includingthegeneralrulesofthinkingthatappeartobemostcertain.Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tdiminish(降低)thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.Considerafolkhealer’sherbalmedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific”?Yes,ifitisproventobeeffective,evenifwehavenoideawhyitworks.Infact,quiteafewcommonmedicationsusedtodayhavetheirorigininfolktreatments,andwearestillnotsurehowtheywork.Thisdoesnotimplythatfolktreatmentsaregenerallyeffective.Tothecontrary,manyofthemarenot.Whatdistinguishesscientificmedicineisthereadinesstoseriouslytestatreatmentandtobereadytochangeourmindsifsomethingisshownnottowork.Aresearchdoctorinamodernhospitalmustbereadytochangehistheoryifamoreeffectivewayofunderstandingillness,ortreatingit,becomesavailable.Whatmakesmodernscienceuniquelypowerfulisitsrefusaltobelievethatitalreadypossessesultimatetruth.Thereliabilityofscienceisbasednotoncertaintybutonacompleteabsenceofcertainty.AsJohnStuartMillwrotein“OnLiberty”in1859,“Thebeliefswhichwehavemostwarrant(依据)for,havenosafeguardtoreston,butastandinginvitationtothewholeworldtoprovethemunfounded.”5．Whydoestheauthorraisethetwoquestionsinparagraph1?A．Toaddsomefun.B．Toexpressdoubts.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Toprovidebackground.6．Whatcanwelearnabouttoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?A．Itcanbetimeless.B．Itcanbeimproved.C．Itisoflittlevalue.D．Itisthebestatanymoment.7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardfolktreatment?学科网（北京）股份有限公司
A．Dismissive.B．Objective.C．Pessimistic.D．Sympathetic.8．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A．Itisunwisetobelieveinscience.B．Toomuchuncertaintyliesinscience.C．Thefoundationofscienceisunfounded.D．Thelackofcertaintymakessciencecredible.【高考真题变式题2】Whomshouldyoumarry?Whereshouldyoulive?Howshouldyouspendyourtime?Forcenturies,peoplehavereliedontheirgutinstincts(直觉)tofigureouttheanswerstotheselife-changingquestions.Now,though,thereisabetterway.Wearelivingthroughadataexplosion,asvastamountsofinformationaboutallaspectsofhumanbehaviorhavebecomemoreandmoreaccessible.Wecanusethisbigdatatohelpdeterminethebestcoursetochart.Therehaslongbeenoverwhelming-andoftensurprising-evidencethatalgorithms(算法)canbemuchbetterthanpeopleatmakingdifficultdecisions.Researchershavecollecteddataonvariouskindsofchoicespeoplemake,theinformationtheybasethosechoiceson,andhowthingsturnout.Theyhavefound,forexample,thatasimpledata-drivenalgorithmwouldhavebeenbetterthanjudgesatdecidingwhetheradefendantshouldstayinjail(监狱)orbereleased;betterthandoctorsatdecidingwhetherapatientshouldgetaprocedure;andbetterthanschoolprincipalsatdecidingwhichteachersshouldbepromoted.Thepowerofdataanalysishasbeenprovedinthesportsandbusinessworlds,too.AsmadefamousbythebookandmovieMoneyball,baseballteamsfoundthatalgorithmswerebetterthanscouts(物色优秀运动员的人)atpickingplayers,andbetterthanmanagersatpickingstrategies.Infinance,thehedgefund(避险基金)RenaissanceTechnologiesdramaticallydefeatedcompetitorsbyseekingoutpatternsinstockmarketdataandusingthemtoinformitsinvestmentstrategy.TechfirmsinSiliconValleyhavefoundthatdatafromexperimentsprovidesbetterinsightsintohowtodesigntheirwebsitesthandesignerscould.Thesearetheearlydaysofthedatarevolutionindecision-making.Iamnotclaimingthatwecancompletelyoutsource(外包)ourlifestylechoicestoalgorithms,thoughwemightgettothatpointinthefuture.Iamclaiminginsteadthatwecanalldramaticallyimproveourdecision-makingbyconsultingevidenceminedfromthousandsormillionsofpeoplewhofaceddilemmassimilartoours.Andwecandothatnow.9．Whatmakespeoplebetteratfindinganswerstolife-changingquestions?学科网（北京）股份有限公司
A．People’sbettergutinstincts.B．Changedhumanbehavior.C．Themoderninformationera.D．Variouscoursesaccessible.10．Accordingtoparagraph2,algorithmsmightNOTdefeatpeoplein______.A．courtrulingsB．jobpromotionsC．operativeestimationD．teachingpractices11．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A．TheplotofthemovieMoneyballisrelatedtosuccessfuldataanalysis.B．Scoutsandmanagersarenotneededinsuccessfulbaseballteams.C．ThehedgefundRenaissanceTechnologieshadsomefinancialproblems.D．TechfirmsinSiliconValleymainlyreliedondatatodesignwebsites.12．Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A．Themoderninformationeraismatureenoughtotakeadvantageof.B．Peopleshouldoutsourceallthelifestylechoicestoalgorithms.C．Withbigdatapeoplecanlearnfromcountlesssimilarexamples.D．Face-to-faceconsultationwillbethemajortrendinthefuture.【高考真题变式题3】WhenImentionedtosomefriendsthatweallhaveaccents,mostofthemproudlyreplied,“Well,IspeakperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc.”Butthiskindofmissesthepoint.Moreoftenthannot,whatwemeanwhenwesaysomeone“hasanaccent”isthattheiraccentisdifferentfromthelocalone,orthatpronunciationsaredifferentfromourown.Butthisdefinitionofaccentsislimitingandcouldgiverisetoprejudice.Funnilyenough,intermsofthelanguagestudy,everypersonspeakswithanaccent.Itistheregulardifferencesinhowweproducesoundsthatdefineouraccents.Evenifyoudon’thearityourself,youspeakwithsomesortofaccent.Inthissense,it’spointlesstopointoutthatsomeone“hasanaccent“.Wealldo!Everypersonspeaksadialect,too.Inthefieldoflanguagestudy,adialectisaversionofalanguagethatischaracterizedbyitsvariationsofstructure,phrasesandwords.Forinstance,“Yougoteatornot?”(meaning“Haveyoueaten?”)isanacceptableandunderstoodquestioninSingaporeOralEnglish.ThefactthatthisexpressionwouldcauseastandardAmericanEnglishspeakertotakepausedoesn’tmeanthatSingaporeOralEnglishis“wrong”or“ungrammatical”.Thesentenceiswell-formedandclearlycommunicative,accordingto学科网（北京）股份有限公司
nativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers’solidsystemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseit’sdifferent?Weneedtomovebeyondanarrowconceptionofaccentsanddialects—forthebenefitofeveryone.Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinctpartofone’sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.13．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhis/herfriends’responseinparagraph1?A．Itreflectstheirselfconfidence.B．Itreflectstheirlanguagelevels.C．Itmissesthepointofcommunication.D．Itmissestherealmeaningofaccents.14．WhydoestheauthorusetheexampleofSingaporeOralEnglish?A．Tojustifytheuseofdialects.B．Toshowthediversityofdialects.C．Tocorrectagrammaticalmistake.D．Tohighlightatraditionalapproach.15．Whatdoestheauthorrecommendustodointhelastparagraph?A．Learntospeakwithyourlocaldialect.B．Seekforanofficialdefinitionofaccents.C．Appreciatethevalueofaccentsanddialects.D．Distinguishourlocallanguagesfromothers’.16．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsaccent?A．FavourableB．IntolerantC．DoubtfulD．Unclear【高考真题变式题4】Youknowyouhaveto”readbetweenlines.“Iwanttopersuadeyoutodosomethingequallyimportantinthecourseofyourreading.Iwanttopersuadeyouto”writebetweenthelines.“Unlessyoudo,youarenotlikelytodothemostefficient(效率高的)kindofreading.Iinsistthatmakingupabookisnotanactofdamagebutoflove.Therearetwowaysinwhichonecanownabook.Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouhavebybuyingit,just学科网（北京）股份有限公司
asyoupayforclothesandfurniture.Butthisactofbuyingisonlythefirststeptopossession.Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself,andthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.Acomparisonmaymakethepointclear.Youbuyapieceofbeeffromthebutcher’sicebox.Butyoudonotownthebeefinthemostimportantsenseuntilyoueatitandgetitintoyourblood.Iamarguingthatbooks,too,mustbeabsorbedinyourbloodtodoyouanygood.Therearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbestsellersunread,untouched.Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks—afewofthemreadthrough,mostofthemdippedinto,butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought.Thethirdhasafewbookseveryoneofthemworn,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,markedfromfronttoback.Whyismakingupabooknecessarytoreadit?First,itkeepsyouwideawake.Inthesecondplace,reading,ifitisactive,isthinking,andthinkingtendstoexpressitselfinwords,spokenorwritten.Themarkedbooksisusuallythethoughtthroughthebook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.17．Thethirdkindofbookownersmustbe________.A．experiencedreadersB．untidyreadersC．efficientreadersD．carelessreaders18．Theunderlinedphrase”makingupabook“probablymeans________.A．writingdowndifficultsentencesB．findingtheextrameaningsofunknownwordsC．writinginthespacetheideasyougetthroughreadingD．makingnotestoshowyouunderstandwhatyouhaveread19．Howdoestheauthorpersuadeyoutoownabook?A．Tomakeitapartofyourselfbywritinginit.B．Towritedownwordsandsentencesthatbringuprichideas.C．Tomarkpuzzlingquestionsthatchallengeyou.D．Tonotewhateverdisagreementsyoumayhavewiththebook.20．Oneoftheadvantagesofmakingupabookisto________.A．absorballthebrilliantideasitcontainsB．keepeitheryourthoughtsorthewriter’sinmindC．makeyourselfawakesothatyoucangetmorepleasure学科网（北京）股份有限公司
D．enableyourselftopickupthebookforcontinualreading学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
