【必知重点难点】最新初中化学重点难点

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௃ᓄ2012ᓄᓄ╅ᓄ9:ᓄ
ᱥḄᓄA12O3SiO2P205so2ᓄấ9"ᓄᓫJ᪍9<=ஹso3C1O2ᓄ┛CaOMnO2ᓄᓄᓄ═HHe0NC222ᓄᓄ@ᓄᓄFeOFe2OFeaOCuO34?%%A%&NeNaấSiAl╅Mgᓄᓄ8ᓄAgOHgONO22SClKAr!"ஹ#"P*(92$Ti%Fe&Cu'Zn(Hg⏚)Kr*Ag╍Cd┱Sn-PbBHNO3E⏚HC1⏚H2so4?⏚H2s03⏚.Xe/Ba├PtAu┛Ca)F⏚GH2cO3HFH2SCH3COOH⏚⏚⏚⏚4ẬSeỚ12o3H5NH•H0KOHNaOHBa(OH)322ᓄᔠᱥᓄᓄᓄIᓄᱥCa(OH)Mg(OH)2AI(OH)CU(OH)23278ᓄ95HOHOcoco2ᓄ┛ᓄ╅ᓄᓄ&222ᓄᓄFe(OH)3-MNO9NO2ᓄNa2OᓄMgO

1ᓄ%BAl3+AI(NO)⏚AIC1ᓄA1(SO)3⏚33324EN0'C1SO42'CO2-iii'j33BZn2+Zn(NO)⏚ZnClᓄZnSO⏚ZnCO⏚32243NH+NH4NO3⏚NH4clᓄ(NH)SO⏚(NH4)2CO3⏚''''4424╆BB⏚ᓄ⏚⏚Fe2+Fe(NO)FeClFeSC)4FeCO3223K+KNO⏚KC1ᓄKSO⏚K2cO3⏚????324%%%%BB+⏚⏚⏚Fe3+Fe(NO)⏚FeClᓄFe(SO)3⏚NaNaNO3NaClᓄNa2sO4Na2cO333324%%%Bᩩ1

2F⏣F⏚ᵬlCH⏀C2H50HGCH3co0H(C6H[oC)5)n4dm⏚⏚g⏚⏚Ca(HCO3)2&CuSO4•5H2ONa2CO3•10H2Oℍᯠᨔᨔ⃔c6H12஺6ⅅsG2H22஺11xyCO(NH2)2┛^^s""⏚ᐸ{|HNH3⏚NH4HCO3⏚Ca3PC42Ca(H2Po4)2
ᱥḄ}~┛╆~}~ᓄ~}~ᓄ┛"?ᡭஹNa2cO3ᓄCaO⏚⏚B⏚┛ᮞNaHCO3NaNO2NH4H2PO4⏚ᜩᯠNa2c0310H2஺^C02⏚ஹ9"_ஹᓄ⏚`ᨔ(NH4)2HPO4"CaI0(PO4)6(OH)2^9⏚ᡭNaHCO85᯼COH╆┛2⏚ᓄᨵbᱥ

3•8ᓄ|2co+஺2ª2c஺2•ᔣÀÁḄᮞ5Âᐭ7ÄḄ9ᓄ¡¶ÅÆḄᮞ5ǶÀஹNaOH⏚CuSO•5HO42Á|CaCO+CO+HO=CaHCO32ஹ&ᨔஹ322•ᙠ|H+C1M2HC122ᓄឋ^ᙠ|2Na+Ckª2NaCl╅ᙠ|3Mg+NSMgNÍÎᐗyḄᓄᔠÐ232Ñ☢AÓᓄÔᡃÖḄ×ØÙ|«8ÚᨵÛÜ஺ᮞCa(OH)ᵬdCH24*ᑖÝᓄ•(ᙠ±²|2Hg+02A2HgO┛•ᓄ(±Þ²|2HgOA2Hg+O2T•ᑖÝ7ᓄᑴ¾ßàáᑴ¾Ḅ¯ᳮã8|2H2஺2%2H2O+O2T
Ḅᓄ±äå'⏚æᑴ¾ßàáᑴ¾Ḅ¯ᳮã8|ᓄᔠ2KMnC4=^=KzMnOq+MnC^+OzT±²⏚ç¾ßàáᑴ¾Ḅ¯ᳮã8|•!"ᙠ¡¢#£|4P+5O2᯿2P2஺52KC1O3è2KC1+3CM#"¥|4P+5O=2PO225ᑖÝ7ᓄᑴ¾éᔠê⁐ᓄḄìí¡ÙAîᫀᨬ•ᩈ§ᐙᑖ|C+02ªC02ñᐰஹᨬ⁚ôõöḄ8î஺•ᩈ§«ᐙᑖ|2C+O2ª2co•ᵯÝ5ᡂ|2H2஺ø2H2T+02T•ᙠ|S+OSSO22•ùúᑴ¾ᮞCO2Ḅ¯ᳮ|CaCOMCaO+COT32•%¬ᙠ|3Fe+2OMFeO234•mûᘤḄ¯ᳮ⏚ý²ᑖÝ|•ᙠ|4A1+3O2ª2Al2O32NaHC03ANaCO3+HO+CO2f22«᧕┤Ḅ¯°|4A1+3O2=2A12O3•⏚&ý²þÝ|CU2OH
2CO3=^2CuO+H2O+CO2t•╅ᙠ|2Mg+O2ª2Mg0•7ᓄ¹ÿ
ᑖ2HO=2HO+Ot•&ᙠ±²|2Cu+02A2Cu02222•ᙠ|2H2³2´2H2஺•⏚
ᑖᡂᓄH2CO3=H2O+CO2t•µCO2¶ᡂCO|C+CO2⎀2co•⏚╆“ᜫ”ឋ!ᕡNHHCO=NHt433•9ᓄ¹º5»ᡂ⏚|CO+HO=HCO2223+co1+HO22•ᵨᮞᑴ¾ᮞ|CaO+HO=CaOH
22•#$ஹ&'#Ḅ)ᡂ*+CaCO+CO+HO=CaHCO
32232

4Ca(HCO)2=CaCO-+COt+HO♦Mg+X(NO)2=Mg(NO)2+X(XK+2LḄFGᒹNZnஹFeஹ332233Cu).ᣚ01♦Mg+2AgNO=Mg(NO)+2Ag332•!23ᓄ4H+CUO^=CU+HO22■T•ᩈ623ᓄ4C+2CuO72Cu+C02T♦2A1+3XC1=2A1C1+3X(XK+2LḄFGᒹNZnஹFeஹCu)•ᩈ623ᓄ3c+2Fe2374Fe+3co2T23•᯼!Ḅ)ᡂC+HOMH+CO9:;ᨵ!=ᡂ>?t
♦2A1+3XSO4=A12(SOJ+3X(XK+2LḄFGᒹNZnஹFeஹ22•@ABᑴD!Ḅ013ᳮZn+HSO=ZnSO+HtCu)2442•FGHIJ⏚Ḅ01♦2A1+3X(NO)2=2A1(NO)+3X(XK+2LḄFGᒹNZnஹ333■2X+2HC1=2XC1+H2tXK+1LḄFGᒹNKஹNa
FeஹCu)■X+2HCl=XCb+H2TXK+2LḄFGᒹNCaஹMgஹZnஹFe
♦Al+3AgNO=Al(NO)+3Ag333■2Al+6HCl=2AlCh+3H2T■V•FGHIO⏚Ḅ01♦Zn+XC12=ZnCb+X(XK+2LḄFGᒹNFeஹCu)■2X+H2so4=X2SC4+H2tXK+1LḄFGᒹNKஹNa
♦Zn+XSO4=ZnSO4+X(XK+2LḄFGᒹNFeஹCu)■X+HSO=XSO+HTXK+2LḄFGᒹNCaஹMgஹZnஹ♦Zn+X(NC)3)2=Zn(NO3)2+X(XK+2LḄFGᒹNFeஹCu)2442Fe
♦Zn+2AgNO=Zn(NO)+2Ag332■2A1+3HSO4=A1SO
+3HT■22432•FGHJPQḄ01♦Fe+CuC12=FeCb+Cu■╅♦Fe+CuSO=FeSO+Cu44♦3Mg+2AlCl=3MgCl+2Al♦Fe+Cu(NO)3=Fe(NO)+Cu323333Mg+AlSO3=3MgSO+2Al♦Fe+2AgNO=Fe(NO)+2Ag2443323Mg+2AlNO3=3MgNO
+2Al■4Cu+2AgNO=Cu(NO)+2Ag332332♦Mg+XC12=MgCb+XXK+2LḄFGᒹNZnஹFeஹCu
■KஹCaஹNa⍳XY᪵Ḅ.ᣚ01[\HJPQ01]^♦Mg+XSC4=MgSC4+XXK+2LḄFGᒹNZnஹFeஹCu
ᐜ01ᡂ`1ḄaᯠcdJPQ01஺᝞

52Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2tNaOH+CuSOrNa2sol+Cu(OH%ICaCC)3+H2so4=CaSO4+H2O+CO2T•╅ᙠᓄyz{2Mg+C0m12MgO+C•¥¦§¨ᘤḄ013ᳮNaCO+2HCl=2NaCl+HO+COf2322•!HᙠḄᩩ013Fe+4H0MFe0.,+4H(9:;2i2•ª«⏚¬cyḄ3¤BaCO+2HCl=BaCl+HO+COTᨵ!=ᡂ>?t)3222•ᵨ®¯ᡭ±ᶭ⏚*NaHCO+HCl=NaCl+HO+COf322•³⏚´PQHIJ⏚01AgNO+HCl=HNO+AgCUᑖ0133•¬JHIO⏚01•NaOHPQHIJ⏚01NaOH+HCl=NaCl+HO2Ba(NOs)+HS0.F2HN0+BaS0IBaCl+HSO=2HCl+BaSOI•NaOHPQHIO⏚012NaOH+H2sO4=Na2SO4+2H2஺22312244BaCO+HSO,=BaSOI+HO+COt•Ba(0H)2PQHIO⏚01Ba(OH)+HSO=BaSO1+2HO3242222442•O⏚a¶⏚401:Cu,(OH)C0+2HS0=2CUS0.,+2H0+C0tᵨ—(ᓄT)y*Ḅ⏚232122A1(OH)+3HC1=A1C1+3HO332•¹ºᑴD{aCa(OH)+NaCO=2NaOH+CaCOl•ᵨᓄ╅y*Ḅ⏚Mg(OH)+2HCl=MgCl+2HO2233222•»ᓄ╆Hᓄ¼PQ01NH4Cl+NaOH=NaCl+NHt+HO•ᵨ#ᮞyᨵO⏚ḄCa(OH)+HSO=CaSO+2HO3222442•O⏚╄Hᓄ¼PQ01(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH=Na2SO4+2NH3t+2HO•IJ⏚◀┤FeO+6HCl=2FeCl+3HO22332•¾#ᮞH»ᓄ╆¿ÀÁ=ÂÃẆÅÆᑮឋ!ᕡ•IO⏚◀┤FeO+3HSO4=Fe(SO4)3+3HO232222NHCl+Ca(OH)=CaCl+2NHt+2HO•IJ⏚Hᓄ401CUO+2HC1=CUC1+HO4223222•¾#ᮞHO⏚╄¿ÀÁ=ÂÃẆÅÆᑮឋ!ᕡ•IO⏚Hᓄ401(ᑴDCuSC>4)CUO+HSO=CUSO+HO2442(NH)2SO4+Ca(OH)=CaSO+2NH3t+2HO•CaOஹNaO,KO>BaO⏚01஺424222•ᡂÈ⁐ÊËḄ01CuSO+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2l+NaSO4(ÌÍ4201ḄaÎÏKÐᜧÑa)•@ABᑴDCO2Ḅ013ᳮCaCO+2HCl=CaCl+HO+COT3222•ᡂÒ⋎⁐ÊËḄ01FeCk+3NaOH=Fe(OH)3J+3NaCl(ÌÍ0•J⏚HyḄ¡⌕ᡂᑖ011ḄaÎÏKÐᜧÑa)CaCO+2HCl=CaCl+HO+COT3222•ᡂÖ⁐ÊËḄ01MgCl+2Na0H=Mg(0H)I+2NaCl(ᡂᱥÎ@ABᵨᜧᳮ#IO⏚ᑴDCO2Ḅ3¤22

6ÏKØa)ðñNaOHøᑖòó(ᐜᵨ☢Ḅõö◀úNazCChᯠcᔣPQ•ᡂÖ⁐ÊËḄ01:MgS0+Ba(0H)=Mg(0H)1+BaSOI(O⏚JyýÍþᏲ᝞NaOHᑖ)4224HᓄÙ!01)■NaCO+CaCl=2NaCI+CaCO12323•ᡂÈÖÊËḄ01CuS0+Ba(0H)2=Cu(0H)zI+BaSOJ■NaCO+Ca(NO3)=2NaNO+CaCO312323•ᡂÒÖÊËḄ01Fe2(S0,)3+3Ba(0H)2=2Fe(0H)3I+3BaS0jill:Ca(OH)Ḅ!CaCO+2HCl=CaCl+HO+COT23222•ÝᑴÞßQ]Ḅ01CuSO+Ca(OH)=CaSO+Cu(OH)-#Ca(0H)2ᑖḄ!(%&'()Ḅ᪵+ᑖ,ᢥ./4242!0)•ª«BaCC)3ᡈBaCkyác⌕âᵨãJ(MgSOQ:■#Ca(0H)2CaCO+2HCl=CaC12+HO+COf322BaCb+MgSOduMgCb+BaSOd]■#2ᨵCa(0H)24ᙠCa(OH)2+2NH4Cl=CaC12+2H2O+2NH3•ᐸéêëḄ01t■NaCl+AgNO=NaNO+AgCll#CaOᑖḄ!(%8'()Ḅ᪵+ᑖ,ᢥ./!33■CaCb+Na2co3=2NaCl+CaCO3I(CaClᣚᡂCa(NO)»0232Na2cO3ᣚᡂK2c஺3)■#CaO9ᯠ4ᙠCaO+HO=Ca(OH)22■BaCb+Na2co3=2NaCl+BaCC)3((BaCbᣚᡂBa(NO)■#CaC()3Ḅ4ᙠCaC0+2HCl=CaCl+H0+C0t32,3222Na2cO3ᣚᡂK2c஺3)■#Ca(0H)2Ḅ4ᙠCa(OH)+2NHCl=CaC12+2HO+2NH3t242■BaCb+Na2so4=2NaCI+BaSC)4I(BaClᣚᡂBa(NO)»232Na2sO4ᣚᡂK2so஺;<=>?@AᓄC2DAᓄE(FG@AᓄCḄHIDᳮ)CO+CuO-Cu+CO,•ðñNaOHòóḄôÀõö@AᓄC2▬ᓄO(ᵨQORSOஹU᮱SOḄHIDᳮ)■Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2T3CO+Fe2O3M2Fe+3CO2@AᓄCZDAᓄ[OCO+FeOMFe+CO2■NaCO+Ca(OH)2=2NaOH+CaCOj233@AᓄC\D]Aᓄ8O(ᵨ^ORSO)■Na2CO3+CaC12=2NaCl+CaCO3-4CO+Fe3O4S3Fe+4cO2abcdeᰦgS+2KN0+3CMKS+Nt+3C0tNaCO+Ca(NO3)=2NaNO+CaCO3J32222323

7•ᵬkᐙᑖemCH+2OMCO+2HO4222ঝ¨ᨵÈḄso2•ᵬknᐙᑖem2cHl+3CX?2C0+4H8ঞªᡂᨵÄÅឋᕡ•o⏣ᐙᑖemC2H5OH+3O2?2co2+3q0•o⏣nᐙᑖemCM5OH+2O2r2C0+3H2஺Ḅ•tAᓄCuvwḄxᮞz{|}Ca0H~2ḄD~:4P+5O2r2P2জɪᜧÃ¥জᵫËÌemÍÎὑACaOH
2+CO2=CaCO3J,+H2005ঝ¨ÐѪᡂᱥÍᨵ•ᵨNaOHᔾᦈCO,NaOHḄD~ᡠ.Ô.ᵨᩭÖ×2NaOH+CO=NaCO+HOAḄØÃ02232•ᵨNaOHᔾ4ᦇS022NaOH+SO2=Na2SO3+H2OঝIᵨ£ÙÚ•NaOHS03HI2NaOH+SO3=Na2SO4+H?O2H2+஺2?2Hজ£¤»¼⁐bᯚ}᝞জdeâãäåæGÛ¢•ℍ⃔Ḅ᠒AᓄC6Hl2஺6+6஺26co2+6H2O2OnÛ2Ü£¤Ý┦ঝâçᨬwéḄ¬êçḄᰦßà~¢ঝ¨¢U¬eᧇHIḄঞªᡂ¬uz¿⏚ᓄHIᜓE¼Ḅc+o^coজᩈᙠem0ᩈᙠAemḄ223Fe+2OìFজᒓîembï]ðজᵨṺóôõOö÷ᡂᐝ2ᢝGᜳᨵᩈḄª¯©3஺4ঝ¨øḄù¥⁐,çúû◀ýõᯚ¢ᙠAem£°±ᐭAḄ³´ঞªᡂ@ña⁐Oö⊤☢Ḅᩖ஺¤¥ᐝ⌕ᵫ´·ᔣ/᠒¹ᐭঝᡂঝ¨ᜧḄঞªᡂ¬uvwxᮞ☢஺z{|Ḅঞᙠ!S+O2᯿SO2জᙠem£¤ᙠ0¿emG"#$»¼⁐bᯚᙠA³´ÀIÁᐭÂḄ%&'ᑮḼ*஺em£¤¼¾⁐bᯚÃNaOH.ᔾᦈট,-#./01᠒

84ᐭ6ᨵḄ89:2Cu+O2A2C⁐pq⌲ᡂzᵨᩭ◀¡ᔠq:Ḅ■<#=/>uO⁐ὑ@AᨵᐙCḄ2Hg+O2A2H£m⁐¤q⌲ᡂ¥¦┱¨©:DEª^DE஺go⁐pqঠᵫ!ᔣI1᠒JK6ᨵ2CO+O«2জjQ¬⁐ᯚজCOᨵ´µ2Ḅ89:■C0ঝLMঝ*#⌕©¶2<#=/LM$ঞcᡂu$®¯°ᮞঞEᵨ᯼N89O⍎Q@AᨵZ²³ḄqᐙCḄDE஺2HgO42Hg⁐pq⌲ᡂ£¥¦┱¨©:DEª^ড89S⌕⚜ᐜWXY+0tm⁐¤q¸cᡂu$2Zᡈᙠ9\]!^ↈ`¹ºḄᩈᩩ¼#Ḅa■

9=CaCO1XYÀᓄÁH+CUO4Cজ⁐wü⌲ᡂî⌕“þᩭÿ”⏀32+H0U+HO⁐⌕“ᑮ⌨”222HOÎ2H2জÏᵯÑᵯ᩽!ᨵজÏᵯ/éê$ᵨëìঝcᡂu$ÃZÄ⏚2t+0tÓÔc஺Ïᵯ^Õ/Öᵯ஺ƬḄ¤q2Ñ×ØÙÚᑁÜ8ঝ⚜ᐜᙠZ:íᐭXYîHO+CO=H᝞ᐭᓄ!"222^ÝqÞஹß᩽ᓄïð¤ᡈñÄ⏚z{C0ᡂ⏚3àáḄÙÚᑁḄqòZḄóᵯឋ஺Fe+CuSC)4Cজ(┑⊤☢▬Ḽ./;<ᵨᩭ?2@AឤCqâã12,ঞqḄqâôôtu+FeSO⁐ᱥ2D4Yâã81஺1:2,âîঝᵫ5⁐⌲7ঝÞ᩽àáḄÙÚõ᧕ð÷Z஺ᡂ89⁐஺ᑁḄqz{$¹C+2CuOE2জF⁐GH⌲7ᡂজSTUV⌕WºḄᩈᩩ¼#Âß᩽Cu+co2T⁐XYZ[\J]ᯚ_`aàáḄÙÚᑁḄqঝ"ᡂIJKLᮞbcdeäåᯚ/quæNOḄQRঝ!fgḄ᪗i:KLḄ#=ᯚᕈè¬⁐஺ᮞNO2H2஺222H2ÔcᜧYÓcᡂuEᵨ¨©øᑴúঞlᑴnᔠᱥTᩈqG!0+02t$¹ºᩈᩩ¼#Ḅrs@ḄtḄ\■vwxyqzḄ{|Q}~ᓄCU(OH)COজû⁐pq⌲ᡂট?⌕ᐜ223A2CUO+HO⁐Âঝcᡂu$®¯Qᰐ⏀2+C0t°ᮞZ²³ḄqÂCO+CuOACজF⁐GH⌲7ᡂজ.ᓄ“ᩭ”2ঞcᡂu$ÃZÄ⏚U+CO2⁐“ᑮ”ḄtḄ:᣸ƬḄ¤qঝ"ᡂIJKLᮞᑁḄQ,■vSQ

10NOḄQR.ᓄḄnᔠQRᡂ89⁐ᰦ஺Mg+ZnS0=µ¶⊤☢▬Ḽ./Ï᝞ᨵFeᡈCuᐗÔ⌕4ঝ.ᓄ“”MgS0+ZnÐ⁐ÑRFeYF⁐ÈË⁐Ḅᓄ4“⌨”ḄtḄ\■vMg+FeCl=MḄCuY⁐Ḅ2SḄ{}~|Q`ḄgCb+FeQᓄ(µ¶ÎঞZ.ᓄᨵᒓÌ"!)᣸¡y¢⌼ᡂQ¤¥FeO+6HCl=2(┤⌲7·¸ᜫ×Î⏚ஹ×Ø⏚;ᵨᩭ◀(23ᡠ<§¨©ª«Qᜐᳮ®FeCl+3HOᵫÍ⁐⌲7ᡂ┤32¯YᙠH«ḄQ±Fe2C)3+3H2SC)4Ö⁐×Î⏚◀(┤ḄᦔÛÜᜐ¡.²³ḼḄ⏀=Fe(SO)3+3Ý243co+Fe2()3জ⁐GH⌲7ᡂজ(GYF⁐ḄHO2S2Fe+3CO2F⁐ঝ.ᓄ“ᩭ”CU0+2HC1=CF⁐GH⌲7·¸Þß!YᑴàØ⏚{ঝ"ᡂIJKLᮞ⏀“ᑮ⌨”UC12+H2OᜫḄ!zᳮNOḄQRCuO+H2so4ᵫÍ⁐⌲7ᡂMg+2HC1=Mজµ¶⌲7·¸ᜫºজᙠµ¶ÁÂឋÄÅ⊤`C11SO4+H2O5⁐gCl2+H2fঝ»"ᜧ@Q½ºঞ¡᣸ᙠH☢Ḅµ¶Æ⏚HCl+NaOH=áᨵâãäåYæç⏚çè!T.é⌕᡻¿ஹஹ!NaCl+HOß!¡Sêëᢣíᑺ2Zn+2HCl=Znজµ¶⌲7·¸ᜫºঝ᝞ᨵFeÇ!⌕NH4Cl+NaOH"ᡂIJïðḄñ⁐CI2+H21ঝ»"ᜧ@Q½È"ᡂḄFeḄᓄᔠÉY=NaCl+NHt+òó5⁐ḄQ3Fe+2HCl=FeCজµ¶⌲7·¸ᜫº+2ÉaÊË⁐¢ÌH0R"ᡂᐹᨵõöឋQ2I2+H2tঝ»"ᜧ@Q½º"ᓄᕡḄQRঞᵫÍ⁐⌲72NHCl+Ca(O"ᡂIJïðḄñ⁐ø?NH4+Ḅ!zᳮ4

11H)2=CaCl2+2⁐Ḅ•c⁐09dCஹefco2fH2ONHt+2HO(ᡂᐹᨵឋ•⁐0◀hi-j᜜lᡃnoḄᐸq-ஹ-Yrᡈᨔ32ᕡḄ)tuivw⁐Ḅ஺Ca(OH)+NaCᡂ⁐ᑴ"#$Ḅ%&'ᳮ22O=2NaOH+C•ᨵឋᕡḄ-0=⏚7╆NH4HCO33aCO13ùú?ãäT⌕ÈÆIû"ᡂᱥḄüýå;<᪷ÿᡂᱥyḄᓄឋᩭᡂᱥ஺•K⁐0y᝱3•⁐0zᨵCu"Ḅ{y)*ᱥḄ+⁐ஹᕡ•|;⁐0zᨵFe2+Ḅ{y-•8⁐0zᨵFe3+Ḅ{y•/⁐0/1Pஹ2Cuஹ3ᓄ4FezChஹ3ᓄ5HgO•N⁐05Hg•/⋎⁐073ᓄ4Fe(OH)•ᡃnoḄᜧPᦪyvwc⁐Ḅ஺3•8⁐09Auஹ:S•;⁐0$<=⏚2CU(OH)CO•ᨵᱯ~ᕡḄy0⏣C2H50H223•EF⁐0G═⏚IᨔKMnCU•ᨵឋᕡḄy0⏚CH3co0H•K⁐0-᝱3஺2•⁐073ᓄ2CU(OH)2ஹ:⏚2ᨔCuSCU•5M0•N⁐0ᜧPᦪ9R(4FeஹNAgஹSAlஹTZnஹ╅Mg……)•/⁐0Z3ᓄNO?•F⁐0ᩈXCஹ4YFeஹ3ᓄ2CuOஹZ3ᓄ═MnC)2ஹ[3ᓄ•ᨵḄ03ᓄ=COஹᓄ7HCkNH3Z3ᓄ:\4FesCUஹ3ᓄ]4FeO^S02Z3ᓄNO2^•_ᮞ⁐0aC•ᨵឋᕡḄ0ᓄ7HCkNH3Z3ᓄ:S02•ᮞ⁐0ᜧPᦪ1bZ3ᓄNO2^

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13ÌúᑖᩭûlÛÜäÛÜüýlcþᵨ᣸þᦈÚ஺)(CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2)ঞJᐭKḄwCxy(Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3l+H2஺)<åᑣ0µ³´l±³·஺টKu஺)*çè0஺2ஹH2>NOூ]^௃᝞ᩖ1{|ᵨ}~◀A78m-⌕ᡂᑖHᔠᱥ&ᑖᩭᯠnJKghᩭ஺◀ACu&5ḄFeÿஹ᣸ᱥᳮ——ᵨgᔾ?஺ᵨᩩ“”ᓄ——`ab⏚ᡈa⏚ᯠnKu஺ᑣ஺ூ]^௃23`⏚XTUᔲᑣ᧕◀ᩖ2஺᝞ᶍᑁḄᑁḄ!"#ᐭ%&Ḅ◀AFeSC)4TU&ḄCuSOvজ`ᐭ()<ঝKu஺!஺◀A7Tᱥ&Ḅ2TᱥজTt<ঝKu<ঞᨔ஺◀A2Tᱥ&Ḅ7TᱥজTt<ঝKu஺◀ᩖm7Tᱥᑖ“TU”ᓫᐗḄ¢ᓾW⛳VTUV•◀ᩖḄ+ᑣজ-⌕ᡂᑖḄ12345(789:)<ঝ◀ᩖTᑺᨔ஺>23?@Ḅᩖ1஺•◀ACuO&ḄCᙠCD&EF(C+O2GCO2)஺ᙠTU&ᩖ1ᨵbḄ>᎛78ὃ⇋ªbᡂஹ«¬஺•◀Aco&ḄcoHᔠJKLMḄNᮞᡈQCᓄST2U␺®(Ca(OH)+CO=CaCO+HOV2NaOH+CO=NaCO+HO)CḄ␺®ª}᪷°±²Ḅᩈᩩ´ᐭ%&᝞°±22322232o•◀ACC)2&ḄcoHᔠJKEWḄCᓄX²Ḅᩈᩩlµ¶#C஺(CO+CuO^=Cu+CO)o2Q·l¸¹º⁐±ᯚ஺᝞½¾m¸•◀ACaO&ḄCaCChYZᰀF(CaCChGCaO+CC^T)ூ]^௃23`ab⏚deCaO3fab⏚&Ḅghiᡂ¿☟ᙢlF“ᘙ”Ä<᝞2¾¸Å┦ᰦÈÄ஺Ca(OH)2owCᓄyªJᐭLMḄNᮞ&᝞LMḄNᮞÉ•◀AᜧᳮN&Ḅᩖ1Ê"µ¶ᦈ%Ḅ#CO?஺জYZlFᜧᳮNᡈNᮞN(CaCOMCaO+COt);32ঝmghnḄopᐭqḄ&ᐸᐙᑖTtKuÌᜧ7lឋḄ␺®·lJKÎ⏚XCuSO4,JK

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ᜫ(᝞ᐭFe(OH)2ஹ•y⏚᪷Ḅ␺®`b⏚ᯠnmßiḄJᐭLMNᮞ஺᝞Fe(OH)3ஹCU(OH)2
Ḅ#⁐$%&'ᓄ)ᨵH+஺LMḄNᮞÉÊݶᨵy⏚᪷à஺␺*OH+•␺®CaO#ᔲÞCaCOá`b⏚஺জ-./0ஹ1ᏲᡈpH45஺᝞/06ஹ1⏚8ᡈᵨpH3␺®C1-ᐜ`ᐭAgNO3TU`ᐭaã⏚஺᝞ᨵ«¬iᡂ,45:;ḄpH<ᜧ>7,ᨵOHݶÞᨵChঝᐭCuSCU᝞;A6⁐BCᨵOH•␺®SO4%ᐜ`ᐭBa(NC)3)2TU`ᐭaã⏚஺᝞ᨵ«¬iঞᐭFe2(SCU)3᝞;A8⋎⁐BCᨵ0F஺ᡂݶÞᨵSCUটHIJὃ“ḄMឋ”PḄQRᩩT
PᨵUVᡈBC'•␺®CO3%`ᐭab⏚mßiḄJᐭLMḄNᮞ&᝞ᡂ஺LMḄNᮞÉÊݶÞᨵCCh␺*W+MXY⁐ḄZ⏚[᝞Z⏚[6ᨵW(CuSCU•␺®HCO/å஺+5HO=CUSO-5HO)242•␺®C/+`ᐭNaOHTU᝞ᨵº⁐«¬ݶÞᨵC/+஺᝞⌕␺*cdᱥfghi␺*WjᙠQlm஺᝞◀Wg␺®Fe3+`ᐭNaOHTU᝞ᨵæ⋎⁐«¬ݶÞᨵFe?ᓝ஺hjᙠᨬplm஺•␺®H+␺*qrᓄs+MᐭtuḄ/ᮞWP᝞tuḄ/ᮞWwx,জéêNëᡈpHìí஺᝞NëæᡈᵨpHìíîḄpHUVzC02஺ïðñ7,ݶÞᨵH+஺␺*lrᓄs+MX{|Ḅrᓄ[᝞}⁐~⌲ᡂ8⁐,ঝ`ᐭy⏚b(᝞CaCO3)mßiḄJᐭLMḄNᮞ&'ḄUVTtuḄ/ᮞWwxUVzCOo᝞LMḄNᮞÉÊݶÞᨵH+஺␺*NH4++Iᓄ╆(NHC1)4

15lNHC1+NaOH=NaCl+NHf+H0ò432qiNHC1Ca$OH%2ᙠlẆ஺4coóô᧕
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2]F63O4IJP⁐ᱥQஹ@ஹR&'ᱥ(ᓄ)*+,*⌕ឋ(/ᵨ⌶KḄᵨ⏚ᩭ@TM⌕ᱥfÑÒឋfᵨ⌶ᡂ铁ᑖ锈PÔÕÖ'ᜧ×ḄØᵨᱥᑴØÜÝ主要U⋎⁐@ᱥQஹRᵨ⏚YÕÙ஺5ÚV¯F62()3成分ᩭ@ᵨWXYZÞßÞß/zᨬáᱥf»/àÞß/ᵨ>ᑴJP⁐@C/ஹᐹᨵãᵯឋஹåæឋஹfìᜮᑗᒘᱥCuO2CU+0=CU0,R[\]ᑺ/ç»èឋéᵨ>ᔾ▬ᑺf஺/àᵨ>ᵯ2àஹ᩽ஹåæஹᑴñ\]ᡂᓫQ_ஹRᵨ⏚ᩭ

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18AôH2~eOFe+F----C+FeOFe+CO2tzîᐙᑖVWõô26+022C0zþÿᐙᑖ2H+03H2+Fe232Fe4^=3c+2Fe2z34Fe+3co2t2A2H02øù28ᓄᱥ+%+û08ᓄᱥ+C4.05ᓄᱥ+<==⏚+C02C02+H0~HC03SC3+C2==H2sChS0+0==H2SO3⏚2222=>ᐸQRᑖT1.⏚"?5⏚+==05ᓄᱥ+<ᐸ>Ḅ@)ABḄᱥDEFGᢣIᓄ┛Ca0H2ஹKLGH2c஺3===H2O+CO2fH2SO3===H2O+SO2tᢣEM⌕ᨵENOᡂᱥQᔠᩩTUVNWXஹOᡂᱥ⌕KLᨵE⌕ᓄஹᓄ"NGBஹYZᡈ\]2.@⍳ឋ@+=5ᓄᒘ+<"Cឋ@DᨵFG+1.⏚+@=+⏚(qGᑖbᡂYZCaO+H2O==CaOH2Na20+H20==2Na0HCaCOs-*-2HCI——CaC12+H2O+CO2t3.0+5!=05ᓄᱥNa2co3+2HCI==2NaCI+H20+C02tᓰ.ᓰ7ᓰ8S+^-S^=4P+50=^=2P2O5C+0CO2AgNO+HCI==AgCII+HNO3223

19Na2cO3+H2s(h==Na2sO4+H2O+CO2tH2S0+BaC12--2HCI+BaS0I01ᩩT⌕)ABᡈ@)AB஺44HSO+Ba(NO3)2==2HN0+BaS0I2Na0H+C02==Na2cO3+H2O2NaOH+SO==NaSO+HO243422323.+@=,+,@2NaOH+S(h==Na2sO4+H2OCa(OH)+CO==CaCOI+H0223201ᩩT01ᱥy)ABᡈ@)ABU2.=d2ᑺ(gஹஹCஹh5ᓄᱥOᡂᱥOᡂᱥKLᨵENz)({)|\)W(qGYZ(pH+CUOCU+HO(ᣚ01)CO+CuOC11+CO2223C0+Fe^=2Fe+3C+2CuO2Cu+COt}~GY)2CuS0+2Na0H==Cu(0H)I+NaS0FeCI+3NaOH==Fe(0H)I(ᣚ01)422433+3NaCIc+cor=2co(ᓄᔠ01)Na2c(VCa(C^>==2Na0H+CaC03ICuSO,+Ba(OH)2=Cu(OH)I3.aijᑴl=m!n(ᵨp)22KMnᔠKMnO+MnO+2KCI0+BaSO”I24232NH4CI+Ca(OH)2CaC12+2NH3t+2H202KCI+302t4.+=,+,Zn+2HCI==ZnCI+HtZn+2Hzs0,==ZnS04+2201ᩩT01ᱥy)ABᡈ@)ABUH2tOᡂᱥOᡂḄ+ஹKLᨵENz)({)|\)CaC03+2HCI==CaCI+H0+C0t222NaCI+AgN0==NaN03+AgCII4.ᑖ3Na2s()4+BaCl2==2NaCI+BaS04ICu(OH)=2CU0+H0+C0t----C0CaO+C0t222232Aln02Na2s(h+Ba(N03)2==2NaN03+BaS04IKMnOLKMnO4+MnO+0t2KCI02KCI+30222325.⏚+5ᓄᱥ=+Ḅᓄ¡¢ᨵᱥ>,ᨵᐗ¤=¥ᵩ+§஺24|HO+XCO1.@+05ᓄᱥ=+<zANᓄ0122

20ᨵᱥ>,ᨵᐗ¨©=/᝞¬஺240+XC02Ä⏚ÄNa2c஺3äCuS041ᵨ¯°␺²ஹ¯°ᐳ´}ஹ¯çᐳ´-T¯°␺²⌕n01ஹµ¶Gᱯ¸01஺dDèGᔲ01n01Uzᐳ´¥z01Unᐳ´஺ὃ¯SO-g¹ºᐭBaCL,¼O½⁐\]U¿ÀÁHNÀ\]zÂᜫ஺°znᐳ´Ḅ¯°஺CI-gÀᐭAgNC)3,¼O½⁐\]U¿ÀÁHNO3,\]zÂᜫ஺1ஹH*CO3”:ÀᐭÁHCI¼OÄ⁐YZUYZ~ᐭÅÆÇᮞBÉÊË஺H++C02'-H2O+CO2t30H-gÀᐭÌ⁐ÇÍÉÎ¥ÀᐭÄ⁐ÏᲩÉÑ஺H++OH--H2OH+g1)ÀᐭÌ⁐ÇÍÉÑ¥ÀᐭÄ⁐Ï⎽ÓzÉ⁐஺2ஹOKg2)ÀZn,OᡂÄ⁐YZ஺0£+H+-*H203)À⏚ÔUOᡂÄ⁐YZ஺kᐸl□¯°01◀K*ஹNa,ஹBa,Ca?,᜜ᙳï\]UkNH#¼Ba2+gÀᐭHg,¼O½⁐\],¿ÀÁHN03,\]zÂᜫ஺OYZ஺Ag+gÀᐭHCI,¼O½⁐\]U¿ÀÁHN03,\]zÂᜫ஺᝞Mg(OH)2½ICu(OH)2ÎIFe(OH)3Ñ⋎INHZgÀᐭNaOHÀÕU¼OÄ⁐nÖ×ØḄÑ⁐ÇÍÙÚÉÎ3ஹC02'g3ḄYZ“TH*fH2O+CO2t¥ᱥD␺²kᐸl□¯°01◀K*ஹNa*ஹNH#᜜ᙳï\]UlḄdDÛᯠG¯°␺²᝞gMgC0½IBaCO½ICaCO½I333EFÝÞ⏚EᢣEßàEáE+4ஹCl-kAg,#SO¼kBa"ᑖ²zᐳ´஺ᵨᑮᱥDH2sÇÍBaCIAgN0NaC0ᱥDḄñ⁐2323ã⌕ᨵHCICuS01ஹòZ(óô½⁐)4VV␺²äឋDåæõ⁐--CuOCöMn02Fe304}}␺²⏚ஹஹ+äÌ⁐ÇÍÌõ⁐--KMnO4ᨵ⏚äNaC0Ñ⁐-ECuFe20323ᨵNa2cO3ä⏚Ñ⋎⁐--Fe(OH)3

21Î⁐-ECu(OH)2CuS04.5H206ஹ⏚L7⁐9:ஹ-<*MNO⁐-&(QR-&ø⁐--Cu2(OH)2C03᪆0ḄO⁐ᨔ'UV*ᔠ⏚LCuS04.5H20)o2ஹ)ù(óôÄ⁐)úø⁐)ù-E(û+)ù)FeCI27ஹE⏚>-7⁐9:*-&Uaឋ-&(Q-&᪆0)ùஹFeS04Ḅ7⁐ᨔ'UE⏚>ᨔ'Na2co3.10H20))ùü⁐)ù-E(û+)ù)FeC138ஹf*(NH3.H20)---g--7⁐?'ஹ᧕AB-*./ᜧ23஺(2)yzC⏚FGvᡂ{Ḅ+{Ḅ⏚CḄDᓄEFGHIJ஺(3)yzCyzaFGvᡂ{Ḅ+{Ḅa(4)ᨵzpḄFGvᡂ{Ḅ

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