上海市七宝中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末英语Word版含解析

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2020年度七宝中学高二第一学期期末测试英语试卷I.ListeningComprehension(25分)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What’stheman’sfeeling?A.Impatient.B.Confused.C.Sincere.D.Comfortable.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Thetrainshouldhavebeenheretwohoursago.Howmuchlongerarewegoingtowait?W:Untilitcomes,Jimmy.Wedon’thavemuchchoice.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Inacafé.D.Inasnackbar.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Whattimedoyoustartservingbreakfast,please?W:Atseveninthedining-room.Butyoucangetitearlierinyourroomifyouwish.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemajorfieldofthetwospeakers?A.Americanliterature.B.Elementaryeducation.C.Children’sliterature.D.Arthistory.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Helen,whatdoyouthinkofthisclassinchildren’sliterature?

1W:Itisprettygood.Ididn’tknowthatyoualsomajorinelementaryeducation.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanimply?A.Shewillcontinueherworkonvacation.B.Paperspiledwhileshewasonvacation.C.Shehastoomuchworktodo.D.Shehasmadehervacationplans.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’mafraidyou’vebeenworkingtoohard.Youshouldtakeavacation.W:Tellthattothepileofpapersonmydesk!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themancanonlymakealocalcall.B.Themancan’tusehertelephone.C.Themancancallanypersonintheworld.D.Themancanbeherguestatanytime.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Mag.MayIuseyourtelephone?W:Yes.Bemyguestaslongasit’salocalcall.6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhydidMarkrefusetotakethejob?A.Becausetheworkinghourswerenotsuitable.B.Becausethejobwasquitedifficult.C.Becausehehadtodoalotoftravelling.D.Becausethejobwasnotwellpaid.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:DoyouknowthatMarkturneddownthatjobofferedbyatravelagency?M:Yeah,thehourswereconvenientbuthewouldn’thavebeenabletomakeendsmeet.7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanhavetodonow?A.Finishcheckinghisreference.B.Completetheresearch.C.Putthematerialinorder.D.Finishtypingthepaper.【答案】C【解析】

2【原文】W:Howareyougettingalongwithyourresearchpaper?M:I’vefinishedallmyresearch,butIhaven’tbeenabletoorganizeit,soIhaven’tbegunthepaperyet.8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.He’llaskStevetogotothebeachwiththem.B.Hewantstomakesuretheweatherisclear.C.Hedoesn’tknowiftheycanhavearoom.D.Heisn’tsurewhethertherewillbespaceforSteve.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Steveaskedifhecouldtakearidewithustothebeach.M:Well,Iwillseewhetherornotwe’llhaveroom.It’sstillnotclear.9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakers’familyprobablygoingtodo?A.Goonatrip.B.Takealongsail.C.Runarestaurant.D.Prepareameal.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ourchildrenarewaitingdownstairs.Let’shurry.W:Waitaminute.We’lltakesomefoodwithus.Theydon’tlikethemealservedonthetrain.10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdidthewomanreadthebook?A.Sheonlyreadthecontentsofthebook.B.Shedidn’tomitasingledetail.C.Shescannedthewholebook.D.Shereadonlysomechaptersofthebook.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Haveyoufinishedreadingthebookyouborrowedfromthelibrary?W:Oh,Ididn’treadexactlythewayyoudid.Ijustreadsomechapterswhichinterestedmemost.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandalongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

3听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.WhatdoweknowabouttheU.S.accordingtothe2016survey?A.TheU.S.isnotoneofthehappiestcountriesintheworld.B.TheU.Sexperiencedadeclineinhappinessonlyfrom2005to2007.C.TheU.S.isnotincludedinthetop10happiestcountries.D.TheU.S.isamongthe47countriesexperiencingadeclineinhappiness.12.Whichcountryhasthelargestdropinhappiness?A.Greece.B.Burundi.C.Denmark.D.Australia.13.Whichofthefollowingistheleastimportantfactordrivinghappiness?A.Qualityeducation.B.Safetyfromcrime.C.Goodhealth.D.Wealth.【答案】11.C12.A13.D【解析】【原文】TheUnitedStateshasexperiencedadeclineinhappinessduringthepasttenyearsalthoughitremainsamongtheworld’shappiestcountries.ThatfindingcomesfromtheSustainableDevelopmentSolutionsNetworksurveyonMarch26,2016.TheWorldHappinessReportfoundthatAmericansshowed“significantdecreases”inhappinessfrom2005-2007andagainfrom2013-2015.TheU.S.rankedasthe13thhappiestcountryinthe2016survey.Thereportshowedthat45nationsshowedadeclineinhappinessduringthepast10years.Burundiwasatthelowestspotintherankingsofmorethan150nations.ThehappiestcountryintheworldwasDenmark,accordingtothereport.Thetop10countriesalsoincludedSwitzerland,Iceland,Norway,Finland,Canada,Netherlands,NewZealand,AustraliaandSweden.Greecehadthelargestdropinthesurvey.Researchersblamedthedroponthedebtcrisisinthecountry.In2014,thePewResearchCentercarriedoutalifesatisfactionsurvey.Inthatsurvey,atopconclusionwasthatrichercountrieswerehappierthanpoorcountries.ThePewresearchsaidAsiansandAfricansarethemostoptimisticpeopleabouttheirfutures.Moneywasabigfactordrivinghappiness,butitwasnotthemostimportantaccordingtothePeworganization.Themajorityofthoseaskedthoughtgoodhealth,qualityeducationfortheirchildrenandsafetyfromcrimeweremoreimportantthanwealth.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhatwastheweatherlikeinthenorthofChinathedaybeforeyesterday?A.Snowy.B.Cloudy.C.Smoggy.D.Rainy.15.Whatwasyesterday’sweatherwarninglevelinthenorthofChina?

4A.Red.B.Orange.C.Yellow.D.Blue.16.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Snowandrainhavealreadybroughtanendtotheheavysmog.B.Beijinghasgonethroughtworedalertsforsmog.C.Beijing’sPM2.5levelsbecameworsein2015.D.Wintermonthsarethemostpollutedbecauseoftheincreaseduseofcars.【答案】14.C15.C16.B【解析】【原文】SnowandrainforecastforMondaymorningisexpectedtobringtoanendtotheheavysmogthathasblanketedmuchofthenorthforthepasttwodays.ManycitiesinChinawereallhitbysmogonSunday,accordingtotheNationalMeteorologicalCenter,leavingmuchofthenorthofChinaunderayellowalertforpollutionfortheseconddayinarow.Themainlandhasafour-level,color-coded,weatherwarningsystem.Redrepresentsthemostsevereweather,followedbyorange,yellowandblue.Beijinghastwiceissuedaredalertwhenairqualityreacheddangerouslevels,orderingschoolstopostponeclassesandcarryingouttrafficrestrictions.Manylocalresidentshavecomplainedofinconveniencescausedbytherestrictions,andaregrowingmoreimpatientwithauthorities’failuretoimprovetheairquality.OfficialdatashowedBeijing’sPM2.5levelshadimprovedfromJanuary2015toOctober2015,comparedtothesameperiodin2014,butpollutionhadbouncedbacksignificantlyinNovemberandDecember.WintermonthsareusuallythemostpollutedinnorthernChina,duetotheincreaseduseofcentralheatingindowntownareasandtheburningcoal.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Wherewillthecouplegetmarried?A.Inthewoman’shometown.B.Intheman’shometown.C.Outsidetheirhometown.D.Inasmalltown.18.Howwillthemanprobablychoosehisbestman?A.Choosewhicheverfriendcangivethebesttoast.B.Choosewhicheverfriendcanplanthereception.C.Choosewhicheverfriendknowsalltheirin-laws.D.Choosewhicheverfriendcanplantherehearsaldinner.19.Whoissupposedtoplantherehearsaldinner?A.Thebride’sfamily.B.Aweddingplanner.

5C.Thegroom’sfamily.D.Thenewcouple.20.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttogetaweddingplanner?A.Shedoesn’tthinkitisatradition.B.Shethinksitwillcosttoomuchtohaveaweddingplanner.C.Shethinkshermother-in-lawcanplantheweddingwell.D.Shedoesn’twantastrangertoplantheirwedding.【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.D【解析】【原文】W:Gosh,John,Ijustlovebeingbackinmyhometown.It’stheperfectplacetogetmarried.M:Yeah,Iguessit’sprettygood.Ican’twaitforthewedding.It’sgoingtobeagreatparty!W:Aparty?John,thisweddingissupposedtobearomanticeventforyouandme.M:Yeah,that’sfine.ButI’malsodefinitelygoingtopartywiththegroomsmenattheweddingreception!W:That’sright.Wehavetoplanthereceptiontoo.Howmanypeopledoyouthinkwillcome?M:Idon’tknow…butwehaveaprettybigweddingparty,andIhaveareallybigfamily.W:That’strue!Idon’tthinkIwillbeabletorememberthenamesofallmyin-lawsM:Don’tworry.Ioftenforgetsomeoftheirnamestoo!W:Say,John,doyouknowwhoyourbestmanisgoingtobe?M:No,Ihaven’tdecidedyet.I’llprobablychoosewhicheverfriendcangivethebesttoast.Whataboutyourmaidofhonor?W:Ihaven’thadtimetodecidebecauseI’vebeensobusythinkingaboutalltheotherplanning.Wehaven’teventalkedabouttherehearsaldinneryet!M:Don’tworry.Thegroom’sfamilyissupposedtoplantherehearsaldinner.It’sthetradition.Let’sjustgetaweddingplannertodoalltheworkforus.W:Aweddingplanner?Noway!Idon’twantastrangertoplanourwedding.M:Well,ifyoudon’twanttogetaweddingplanner,mymothersaidshewouldbehappytohelpyouplanthewedding.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionAGrammar(1*20=20)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

6grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks, useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DeepdivingexplorationWhilemostphotographersputtheircamerasawaywhenthenight’sdarkcurtainfalls,ZhangFangathershisequipmentandstartshisblackwaterdivingadventure.Blackwaterdivinginvolvesphotographingsmall,free-floating(自由浮动的)oceancreaturesthatmoveuptotheocean’ssurface(表面)afterdarkorinanyarea_____21_____thereisseeminglynobottom.StillquitenewinChina,blackwaterdiving_____22_____(date)backto1984inHawaii,US.Fromsmalleellarva(幼龄鳗鱼)tobig,fiercegreatwhitesharks,eachofZhang’sunderwaterphotographshasa“wow”factor.Butthestorybehindeachphotoaddsmoreemotionalvaluetothework_____23_____.“Itislikemeetinganoldneighbor,”the35-year-oldphotographerrecalled,speakingofthetouchingmomentwhenhereturnedtoalocationafteralongtimeonly_____24_____(see)thefishhepreviouslyphotographedstillthere.Whiletheunderwaterworld_____25_____seemfascinating,it’snotalwaysafairytale.Zhangsaidthatheencounteredmanydangerousmomentsunderwater,including_____26_____(hit)asaspermwhale(抹香鲸)wentby.Butwhatfascinatedhimmostisthathecanwitnessbigandsmallchangesintheoceanand_____27_____thesechangescantellhimaboutnature.“Corals(珊瑚)are_____28_____thefirstindicatorsofclimatechange.Withtheriseintemperature,coralshaveexperiencedaprocesscalled‘bleaching(漂白)’,____29____theylosetheircolorandaredying.Itisheartbreaking,”heexplained.Thisrisky______30______charmingarthashelpedZhangattractloadsoffans.HisSinaWeiboaccounthasmorethan430,000follower）.Hehopesthathisphotosandvideoscanactasawake-upcalltoprotectouroceans.【答案】21.where22.dates23.itself24.tosee25.may/might26.beinghit27.what28.among

729.during/inwhich30.but【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黑水潜水者张帆拍摄海洋生物的初衷和过程。【21题详解】考查定语从句。句意：黑水潜水包括拍摄小的、自由漂浮的海洋生物，它们在天黑后或在任何看起来没有底部的地方移动到海洋表面。此处为定语从句修饰先行词area，先行词在从句中地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。【22题详解】考查动词时态。句意：黑水潜水在中国还是个新鲜事物，它可以追溯到1984年美国夏威夷。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为blackwaterdiving，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填dates。【23题详解】考查反身代词。句意：但每张照片背后的故事却为作品本身增添了更多的情感价值。结合句意表示“作品本身”可知应用反身代词itself。故填itself。【24题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位35岁的摄影师回忆道：“这就像遇到了一个老邻居。”他说到他在很久之后回到一个地方，却看到他之前拍摄的那条鱼还在那里的感人时刻。此处为“onlytodosth.”结构，为不定式作结果状语。故填tosee。【25题详解】考查情态动词。句意：虽然海底世界可能看起来很迷人，但它并不总是一个童话。后文seem为动词原形，可知应填情态动词，表示“可能”应用may/might。故填may/might。【26题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：张说，他在水下遇到了很多危险的时刻，包括在一头抹香鲸经过时被击中。空处为动名词作宾语，且hit与he构成被动关系，应用beingdone形式。故填beinghit。【27题详解】考查表语从句。句意：但最令他着迷的是，他能目睹海洋大大小小的变化，以及这些变化能告诉他关于大自然的一些事情。此处为and连接的两个表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事情，应用what。故填what。【28题详解】考查介词。句意：珊瑚是气候变化的首批指示器之一。根据后文“thefirstindicators”表示“在三者或三者以上中”应用介词among。故填among。【29题详解】

8考查定语从句。句意：随着温度的升高，珊瑚经历了一个被称为“漂白”的过程，在这个过程中，它们失去颜色，死亡。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词process，指物，根据短语“在……过程中”短语为in/duringaprocess，可知应用介词during或in，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用关系代词which。故填during/inwhich。【30题详解】考查连词。句意：这种冒险但富有魅力的艺术吸引了大批粉丝。结合前后文语境，可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。(B)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks, useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Spaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceofdreamers:Thehumanimaginationreadilysoars_____31_____humaningenuitystrugglestofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstsciencefictionstory,waswrittenbyCyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedfor_____32_____goodthreecenturiesbeforethefirstmannedrocketsstartedtofly.In1961,whenKennedydeclaredthatAmerica_____33_____(send)amantothemoonbythedecade'send,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.Theyresonatedwithoptimismandambitioninmuchthesamewayasthemostfamousdreamspeech_____34_____,deliveredbyMartinLutherKingtwoyearslater.Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisions_____35_____(yield)concreteresultsandtransformedAmericansociety.Andyetinmanywaysthetwodreamsendedup_____36_____oddswitheachother.Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmaticandimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamerslostout.Therewasnograndfollow-uptotheApollomissions.Thetechnologicallycompromised-spaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanend,withnosuccessor.Theargumentisthatfundsaretight,and_____37_____wehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederaldeficit,reachingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury—_____38_____savingone-thousandthofasingleyear'sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems.ButhumaningenuitystrugglesonNASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetthemostbangfromabuck.TheywillserveasmodernMagellans,mappingoutthesolar"systemfor_____39_____explorersfollow,whethermanormachine.Ontheflipside,companieslikeVirginGalacticareplottingabottom-upattackonthespacedreambymakingitarealitytothepublic.Privatespace-flight______40______liewithinreachofrich

9civiliansinafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwoanditcouldgomainstream.【答案】31.where32.a33.wouldsend34.ofall35.hadyielded36.at37.that38.asif/asthough39.whatever40.could/can/may/might【解析】这是一篇说明文。宇宙探索一直是梦想家们的领域，文章主要说明了人们关于探索宇宙梦想的影响以及人类对宇宙探索付出的行动。【31题详解】考查状语从句。句意：宇宙探索一直是梦想家们的领域：人类的想象力十足，人类的创造力紧随其后努力将其变为现实。引导地点状语从句，意为“在……的地方”应用where。故填where。【32题详解】考查冠词。句意：在第一批载人火箭开始飞行之前，西拉诺已经死去，长眠了整整三个世纪。后文threecenturies视为一个整体，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且good是发音以辅音音素开头单词，应用a，agoodthreecenturies整整三个世纪，故填a。【33题详解】考查动词时态。句意：1961年，当肯尼迪宣布美国将在六十年代结束前将人类送上月球时，这句话也带有一种梦幻般的意味。此处主句为一般过去时，从句也应用过去的对应时态，结合后文“bythedecade'send”可知从句应用过去将来时。故填wouldsend。【34题详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们的乐观主义和雄心壮志在很大程度上与马丁·路德·金两年后发表的最著名的梦想演讲如出一辙。结合语境表示“……中最……”短语为“最高级+ofall”。故填ofall。【35题详解】考查动词时态。句意：到本世纪末，这两种愿景都产生了具体成果，改变了美国社会。根据上文“Bytheendofthedecade”可知，到过去某一时间动作已经完成并且产生影响，应用过去完成时。故填hadyielded。【36题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，在许多方面，这两个梦想最终却出现了分歧。结合句意表示“意见不一致；有分歧”短语为atoddswith。故填at。

10【37题详解】考查表语从句。句意：理由是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。此处为and连接的两个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导，金起连接作用，无实义。故填that。【38题详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：在当前对联邦赤字的担忧中，去探索星球似乎是一种可有可无的奢侈——似乎节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。根据后文savingone-thousandthofasingleyear'sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems可知，表示与将来事实相反的假设，表从句谓语动词用would+动词原形，示“似乎”应用asif/asthough。故填asif/asthough。【39题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色，为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图，无论他们追随的是人还是机器。此处为宾语从句，从句中的follow缺少宾语，表示“无论什么”应用whatever。故填whatever。【40题详解】考查情态动词。句意：几年后，私人太空飞行对富裕家庭可能唾手可得。后文lie为动词原形，可知应填情态动词，表示“可能”应用could/can/may/might。故填could/can/may/might。SectionBVocabulary(1*20=20)(A)Directions:Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.MostpeoplegetsweatypalmsjuststaringatEICapitan,abreathtakingrockformationiYosemiteNationalPark,California.AlexHonnold’sstayeddry.AndthisJune,hemanagedtoclimbthe900-meterverticalwall,pullingonedgesbarelybigenoughfor___41___.Honnoldcouldnot___42___anyslips.That’sbecausehecarriednothingotherthanabagofgymnasts’chalk,tokeephisfingersfreeofmoisture.Therewasnoropeto___43___himifhefell.Afterafour-hour___44___ofpowerandprecision,the31-year-oldsafelychallengedhimself.EICapitanhadbeenclimbed___45___before,includingbyHonnold,butneverinthewayhehas.In2011,anAmericanTVshowabouthisearlier“freesolos”drewseventeenmillionviewers.Inclimbing,“free”meansusingnothingbutrocksforsupport.“Solo”meansfreeofprotection.Itisthesportatits___46___.InYosemite,thebirthplaceofAmericanclimbing,Hannoldhasreacheditspeak.Praisefromfellowclimberswas___47___onlyby

11reliefathissafereturn.Theachievementmarksthelatestinaseriesofmilestonesforsportclimbing(竞技攀岩).In2015,twootherAmericanTommyCaldwellandKevinJorgeson,establishedarouteuptheDawnWall,EICapitan’s___48___part,afteryearsofattempts.TheymadethefrontpageoftheNewYorkTimesandgotcongratulationsfromBarackObamafortheachievement.Lastyear,sportclimbingwas___49___acceptedintotheOlympicprogramforTokyo2020.Thesehavestrengthenedclimbing’spositioninthesportingcircleinAmericaandelsewhere.GooglehasinvitedJorgesontogiveamotivationaltalktoitsemployees.Climbinggymshaveappearedaroundtheglobeoverthepastdecade,makingtheeventsaferandmore___50___toordinarypeople.Thegymshavebeenpopularamongyoungsters,whopaymoreattentionstoexercisesthantobelongings.【答案】41.C42.D43.F44.G45.H46.E47.I48.J49.A50.B【解析】本文为记叙文。本文主要描述了Yosemite优胜美地国家公园里的酋长岩上的黎明墙EICapitan远远地看着就能让人害怕的岩石，是世界上最难的攀岩路线，一直被认为是无法完成的攀岩路线。2015年，美国人汤米·考德威尔（TommyCaldwell）和凯文·乔格森（KevinJorgeson）经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往黎明墙的路线。AlexHonnold在今年的6月，通过自由攀登，第一次登上了近乎垂直的酋长岩上的黎明墙，被同行所称赞，成为体育攀岩里程碑中的最新成就。随着世界各地都出现了攀岩场，攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它了。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：今年6月，AlexHonnold成功地徒手攀岩近乎垂直的岩石壁，这种岩石壁手能接触的地方只有手指尖大小的地方。分析句子可知，本句是指攀爬的岩石非常难，手几乎没有地方可接触到，即只有手指尖(fingertips)大小的地方可接触，表明这次攀岩很危险。故填C项。【42题详解】考查动词。句意：Honnold不能有任何失误，那是因为他只带了一袋体操运动员用的吸湿粉，以保持手指不会湿。从后文That’sbecausehecarriednothingotherthanabagofgymnasts’chalk,tokeephisfingersfreeofmoisture.说明Honnoldcouldnot(2)______anyslips，这句话是为什么不能怎么样。由于徒手攀岩，没有任何防护措施，所以对他来说承担不起即不能有任何闪失。“couldnotaffordsth..”意为”无法承担的起......”

12，故选择D项。【43题详解】考查动词。句意：如果他摔倒了，没有绳子来保护他的安全。todosth,可知是动词原形，由于前两句是徒手攀岩，没有任何防护，所以没有绳子来保证他的安全(secure)。故选择F。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：四个小时他展示了他的力气和（计算上的）精密度，他最终安全挑战了他自己。分析句子结构可知，of前一般用名词，即名词+of...，可知此处要填名词，根据语境可知，此处要填display（展示，表现），G项意思符合。故选G。【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：EICapitan以前也曾无伴攀爬过，包括Honnold，但从来没有以现在这样的方式攀爬过。EICapitanhadbeenclimbed(5)______before,includingbyHonnold,butneverinthewayhehas.In2011,anAmericanTVshowabouthisearlier“freesolos”drewseventeenmillionviewers.可以看出以前也有人过来独自（solo，意为“独奏，独舞，单人表演”）攀岩，solo即对应的是partnerless（无伴的），故选H。【46题详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。在美国攀岩运动的发源地约塞米蒂，汉诺德已经达到了顶峰。根据Inclimbing,“free”meansusingnothingbutrocksforsupport.“Solo”meansfreeofprotection.可知，这次攀岩运动没有任何保护措施，这正是这项运动最纯粹的(purest)部分。atitspurest，意为“最纯粹的”，符合题意，故选E。【47题详解】考查分词。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配的上同伴们的称赞。根据上文可知，这次攀岩很危险，因此他能攀岩回来，配得上同伴们的称赞，故matched（与......相匹配，配的上......）符合题意。故选I。【48题详解】考查形容词。句意：2015年，另两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(TommyCaldwell)和凯文·乔奇森(KevinJorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往EICapitan最光滑，最光秃的黎明墙(DawnWall)的路线。In2015,twootherAmericanTommyCaldwellandKevinJorgeson,establishedarouteuptheDawnWall,EICapitan’s(8)______part,afteryearsofattempts.多年的努力尝试，终于登上了EICapitan以前未曾有人成功登上的地方，这是黎明墙最光秃秃的部分。对应blank意为“空白的，光秃秃的”，根据前面的“pullingonedgesbarelybigenoughfor___1___.”可知，几乎没有手可用力的地方。可为为最为光秃的地方，故选J。【49题详解】考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩正式被纳入2020年东京奥运会的比赛项目。根据“acceptedintotheOlympicprogramforTokyo2020”可知，在2020年的奥林匹克运动会上climbing成为一个项目存在，即被正式的

13(officially)纳入比赛项目，故A项合适。故选A。【50题详解】考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，世界各地都出现了攀岩馆，这使得攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它。“accessibleto...”为固定搭配，意为“对......是可得到的/可使用的/可接触的”ordinarypeople.现在攀岩馆出现在全世界各地，使得此项运动更加的安全和大众化。以前攀岩为一项危险的运动，徒手无防护，只有冒险家才敢尝试。现在对大众来说也可以接触到。故B项合适。故选B项。(B)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.exchangesB.unseenC.buildingD.initiativesE.jointlyF.broadeningG.predictedH.popularizingI.mainstreamJ.shoulderingK.entersSAOPAULO,Oct.31(Xinhua)—MediarepresentativesfromtheBRICScountriesdiscussedthedevelopmentofnewmediatechnologiesandadoptedanactionplantopromotecooperationatthefourthBRICSMediaForumhereonThursday.Theforum,whichwasheldonOct.30-31,gatherednearly100representativesfrom55____51____mediaorganizationsofthegroup'smembercountries—Brazil,Russia,India,ChinaandSouthAfrica.Withthethemeof"StrengtheningMediaCooperationinBuildingtheBRICSCommunitywithaSharedFuture,"theforum,jointlyorganizedbyChina'sXinhuaNewsAgencyandBrazil'sCMAGroup,isaimedatdeepeningmedia____52____andpragmaticcooperationamongtheBRICScountries.ChenPeijie,China'sconsulgeneralinSaoPaulo,saidinheropeningceremonyspeechthattheachievementsofBRICScooperationandthebloc'sinternationalinfluencecannotbeseparatedfromthemedia'sefforts.AstheBRICScooperation___53___itssecond"goldendecade,"mediacooperationwillbecrucial,shesaid.HePing,editor-in-chiefofXinhuaNewsAgency,saidinakeynotespeechattheeventthattheworldisundergoingprofoundchanges____54____inacentury,andtheBRICScountriesneedmorethanevertotakeonglobalresponsibilities.Aschroniclersofhistory,theBRICSmediaare____55____theimportanttaskofpromotingcooperationandfacearareopportunitytoworkhandinhandforprogress,Hesaid.Heproposedfour____56____tostrengthenthecooperationoftheBRICSmedia.HesuggestedtheBRICSmedia____57____thebloc'sdevelopment,andactivelyreflectingeconomic,cultural,socialandenvironmentalachievementsmadebytheBRICScountries.Hethencalledfortellingstoriesofpeople-to-peopleexchanges.Healsoproposed____58____adigitalmediathatkeepspacewith

14thetimesandjointlypromotethedevelopmentandapplicationofnewtechnologies.Moreover,Hecalledfor____59____theareasofexchangesandmutualassistance.HesaidtheBRICSmedianeedtoexpandcooperationinnewsreporting,professionaltraining,personneltraining,financialinformationservicesandthinktankexchanges.JoseSanchez,co-chairmanoftheforumandpresidentoffinancialinformationproviderCMAGroup,saidinhisspeechthatthemediaoftheBRICScountriesshould____60____raisetheirvoicestopromoteamorefairinternationalpublicopinionlandscape.【答案】51.I52.A53.K54.B55.J56.D57.H58.C59.F60.E【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。10月31日，新华社报道来自金砖国家的媒体代表在周四举行的第四届金砖国家媒体论坛上讨论了发展新媒体技术，并通过了促进合作的行动计划。文章介绍了此次论坛主题以及各个成员国主流媒体代表的意见看法。【51题详解】考查名词。句意：论坛于10月30日至31日举行，有来自该组织55个成员国——巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非——的近100名主流媒体代表参加。结合句意表示“主流”可知应填名词mainstream，作定语。故填mainstream。故选I。【52题详解】考查名词。句意：论坛以“加强媒体合作，共建金砖命运共同体”为主题，由中国新华社和巴西报业集团共同主办，旨在深化金砖国家媒体交流和务实合作。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“交流”可知应填名词exchange，前文没有冠词故用复数。故填exchanges。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词。句意：她说，随着金砖国家合作进入第二个“黄金十年”，媒体合作至关重要。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“进入”可知用动词enter，此处主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，且主语为theBRICScooperation，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填enters。故选K。54题详解】考查形容词。句意：新华社总编辑何平在会上发表主旨演讲称，世界正经历百年未有之大变局，金砖国家比以往任何时候都更需要承担起全球责任。结合语境表示“未有的，未见过的”应用形容词unseen，作定语。故填unseen。故选B。

15【55题详解】考查动词。句意：作为历史的记录者，金砖国家媒体肩负着促进合作的重要任务，也面临着携手共进的难得机遇。空处作谓语，表示“肩负”应用动词shoulder，结合上文are可知为现在进行时。故填shouldering。故选J。【56题详解】考查名词。句意：他提出加强金砖国家媒体合作的“四项倡议”。空处作宾语，表示“倡议”应用名词initiative，且由four修饰应用复数。故填initiatives。故选D。【57题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他建议金砖国家媒体宣传金砖国家发展，积极反映金砖国家在经济、文化、社会、环境等领域取得的成就。表示“建议某人做某事”短语为suggestsb.doingsth.。故填popularizing。故选H。【58题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他还建议要建设与时俱进的数字媒体，共同推动新技术的发展和应用。结合句意表示“建议做某事”短语为proposedoingsth.。故填building。故选C。【59题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，他呼吁扩大交流和互助领域。空处作介词for的宾语，表示“扩大”应用动名词broadening。故填broadening。故选F。【60题详解】考查副词。句意：论坛联合主席、金融信息提供商CMA集团总裁JoseSanchez在演讲中表示，金砖国家媒体应该共同发出声音，促进更加公平的国际舆论格局。修饰后文动词raise，表示“共同”应用副词jointly，作状语。故填jointly。故选E。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionACloze:(1*15=15)Sometimesmodernproblemsrequireancientsolutions.A1,400-year-oldPeruvianmethodofdivertingwatercouldsupplyupto40,000Olympic-sizeswimmingpool’sworthofwatertoLimaeachyear.Itisone___61___ofhowancientmethodscouldsupportexistingmodernonesincountrieswithoutenoughwater.Man-madereservoirsstorerainwaterandwateroverflowforuseduringdriestimes.Butreservoirsarecostly,requireyearstoplanandcanstill____62____tomeetwaterneeds.Peru’scapital,Lima,dependsonwaterfromrivershighintheAndesMountains.Ittakesonlyafewdaysforwatertoflowdowntothecity.Sowhenthedryseasonbeginsinthemountains,thewatersupplyquicklydisappears.

16Thecity___63___thiswithmodernstructuressuchasman-madereservoirs.Thesereservoirsarenottheonlysolution,____64____.Overathousandyearsago,indigenouspeopledevelopedanotherwaytosolvewaterproblems.Waterdiverted,____65____.The1,400-year-oldsystemisdesignedtoincreasethewatersupplyduringthedryseasonbydivertingandslowingwaterasittravelsdownthemountains.This____66____-basedmethodismadeofspecialcanalsthatguidewaterfromitssourcetoaseriesofwaterbodiesandhillsides.Thewatergoes____67____intotheground,thenflowsdownhillthroughthesoiland___68___inwaterbodiesnearthecommunity.Itsaimwastoincreasethewater’straveltimefromdaystomonthsinordertoprovidewaterthroughoutthedayseason.Theresearchers____69____howmuchthesystemslowedtheflowofwaterbyinjectingspecialdyeinthehighlandsandnotingwhenitreappearedinwaterbodies.Thedyedwaterstartedto______70______twoweekslaterandcontinuedflowingforeightmonths—ahuge______71______overthehoursordaysitwouldnormallytake.______72______increaseinsupply.TheresearchersnextconsideredhowusingalargerversionofthesystemcouldhelpLima.TheycombinedwhattheylearnedinHuamantangawiththeknowledgeofphysical______73______ofLima’ssurroundings.TheresultingestimatessaythesystemcouldincreaseLima’sdry-seasonwatersupplyby7.5percentoverallandupto33percentatthestartofthedryseason.Thesystemisalso______74______sound.Ochoa-Tocachi,aresearcher,estimatedthatbuildingcanalssimilartothoseinHuamantangawouldcost10timeslessthanbuildingareservoirofthesamesize.Healsosaidformerhighlandsocietiesinotherpartsoftheworldhadmethodsfordivertingandslowingwaterflow.And,theycouldusethesemethodstodaytosupporttheir______75______modernmethods.61.A.signB.exampleC.explanationD.theory62.A.manageB.failC.operateD.work63.A.equipsB.financesC.resolvesD.constructs64.A.furthermoreB.howeverC.thereforeD.moreover65.A.promotedB.distributedC.driedD.delayed66.A.natureB.economyC.welfareD.technology67.A.swiftlyB.deeplyC.slowlyD.rightly68.A.reappearsB.reservesC.reversesD.resumes69.A.foretoldB.measuredC.estimatedD.assumed

1770.A.freezeB.fadeC.surfaceD.flow71.A.priorityB.declineC.concernD.improvement72.A.ConsiderateB.SlightC.PredictableD.Sizable73.A.personalitiesB.qualitiesC.altitudesD.populations74.A.geologicallyB.sociallyC.geographicallyD.economically75.A.simplerB.costlierC.betterD.safer【答案】61.B62.B63.C64.B65.D66.A67.C68.A69.B70.C71.D72.D73.B74.D75.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种具有1400年历史的基于自然方法的水系统，它缓解了秘鲁地区旱季缺水的问题，并介绍了它的运行原理，以及现实意义。【61题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个例子，说明古代的方法如何能够为那些没有足够水的国家现有的方法提供帮助。A.sign标记，符号；B.example例子，榜样；C.explanation解释；D.theory理论。根据前文“A1,400-year-oldPeruvianmethodofdivertingwatercouldsupplyupto40,000Olympic-sizeswimmingpool’sworthofwatertoLimaeachyear.”可知，这是古代用水方法的一个实际例子，本句是对这个例子的进一步说明。故选B项。【62题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是水库耗资巨大，需要数年时间进行规划，而且仍然不能满足用水需求。A.manage设法完成；B.fail失败；C.operate操作，手术；D.work工作，有效。根据前文“Man-madereservoirsstorerainwaterandwateroverflowforuseduringdriestimes.”和本句句首连词But语义转折可知，此处应是否定含义，人造水库“不能”满足水需求。故选B项。【63题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这座城市通过人造水库等现代建筑来解决这个问题。A.equips装备；B.finances提供资金；C.resolves解决；D.constructs建设。根据前文“Sowhenthedryseasonbeginsinthemountains,thewatersupplyquicklydisappears.”可知，干旱季节，水很快就消失，是个用水难题，本句中代词this即指此难题，所以此处指“解决”这个难题。下文“Thesereservoirsarenottheonlysolution”也可验证，此处指“解决”问题。故选C项。【64题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些水库并不是唯一的解决办法。A.furthermore此外；B.however然而；C.therefore因此；D.moreover而且。上文“Thecity___3___thiswithmodernstructuressuchasman-made

18reservoirs.”和下文“Thesereservoirsarenottheonlysolution”之间是转折关系，故用转折副词。故选B项。【65题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：水被转移了，延迟了。A.promoted提升；B.distributed分配；C.dried变干；D.delayed滞留，延迟，推迟。和前文“thewatersupplyquicklydisappears”相对应，根据后文“Itsaimwastoincreasethewater’straveltimefromdaystomonthsinordertoprovidewaterthroughoutthedayseason.”以及“Thedyedwaterstartedto___10___twoweekslaterandcontinuedflowingforeightmonths—ahuge___11___overthehoursordaysitwouldnormallytake.”可知，为了解决水供应很快消失的问题，想办法使水流缓慢、延迟，从数天到数月。此处作为小标题概括下文，指水流延迟了。故选D项。【66题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种以自然为基础的方法是由特殊的渠道，引导水从它的源头到一系列的水体和山坡。A.nature自然；B.economy经济；C.welfare幸福；D.technology技术。根据后文“ismadeofspecialcanalsthatguidewaterfromitssourcetoaseriesofwaterbodiesandhillsides.”可知，这种引水方法是以自然山坡和水体为基础的。故选A项。【67题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：水缓慢地进入地下，然后沿着土壤向下流，再重新出现在社区附近的水体中。A.swiftly迅速地；B.deeply深深地；C.slowly慢慢地；D.rightly正确地。根据后文“Itsaimwastoincreasethewater’straveltimefromdaystomonthsinordertoprovidewaterthroughoutthedayseason.”可知，水流的时间增长了，所以是水流缓慢地进入地下。故选C项。【68题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：水缓慢地进入地下，然后沿着土壤向下流，再重新出现在社区附近的水体中。A.reappears再次出现；B.reserves储备；C.reverses颠倒，反转；D.resumes重新开始。根据后文“Theresearchers____9____howmuchthesystemslowedtheflowofwaterbyinjectingspecialdyeinthehighlandsandnotingwhenitreappearedinwaterbodies.”中reappeared提示可知，水流多了几道程序，最后又重新出现在水体中，达到延缓水流的目的。故选A项。【69题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员通过向高地注射特殊的染料来测量这个系统在多大程度上减缓了水的流动，并记录它何时再次出现在水体中。A.foretold预言；B.measured测量；C.estimated估计，评价；D.assumed假定。根据后文“Thedyedwaterstartedto___10___twoweekslaterandcontinuedflowingforeightmonths—ahuge___11___overthehoursordaysitwouldnormallytake.”可知，得出这个数据结论，是用上述方法测量出来的。故选B项。【70题详解】

19考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个星期后，染色的水开始浮出水面，并且持续流动了八个月——比起通常需要的几个小时或几天，这是一个巨大的进步。A.freeze冻结；B.fade褪色，逐渐消失；C.surface升到水面；D.flow流动。染色的水升到水面上，才能观测到，所以此处应指“升到水面”。故选C项。【71题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个星期后，染色的水开始升到水面，并且持续流动了八个月——比起通常需要的几个小时或几天，这是一个巨大的进步。A.priority优先权；B.decline衰退；C.concern关心；D.improvement改善，进步。根据前文“continuedflowingforeightmonths”和后文“thehoursordaysitwouldnormallytake”的比较可知，是一个巨大的进步。故选D项。【72题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：供应量大幅增加。A.Considerate考虑周到的；B.Slight轻微的；C.Predictable可预测的；D.Sizable相当大的。根据后文“TheresultingestimatessaythesystemcouldincreaseLima’sdry-seasonwatersupplyby7.5percentoverallandupto33percentatthestartofthedryseason.”可知，水供应量大幅增加了。这里作为小标题概括下文，是指水供应量大幅增加。故选D项。【73题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们把在Huamantanga学到的知识和Lima周围环境的物理特性结合起来。A.personalities个性，人格；B.qualities品质，特征；C.altitudes高度，海拔；D.populations人口。根据前文“This____6____-basedmethodismadeofspecialcanalsthatguidewaterfromitssourcetoaseriesofwaterbodiesandhillsides.”可知，这种引水方法是以山坡和水体为基础的，所以说他们把知识和环境的物理特性结合起来。故选B项。【74题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个系统在经济上也是明智的。A.geologically地质学上；B.socially社会上，社交上；C.geographically地理上；D.economically经济上，经济地。根据后文“Ochoa-Tocachi,aresearcher,estimatedthatbuildingcanalssimilartothoseinHuamantangawouldcost10timeslessthanbuildingareservoirofthesamesize.”可知，修建这样的引水系统成本要低很多，所以是经济上很明智的。故选D项。【75题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，他们今天可以使用这些方法来为他们成本更高的现代方法提供帮助。A.simpler更简单；B.costlier代价更高的，昂贵的；C.better更好的；D.safer更安全的。根据上文“Ochoa-Tocachi,aresearcher,estimatedthatbuildingcanalssimilartothoseinHuamantangawouldcost10timeslessthanbuildingareservoirofthesamesize.”可知，用古代这种方法修建的水利用系统成本低很多，所以这里指成本更高的现代方法。故选B项。SectionB

20Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AWeBuyHouses-SellHousesFast*Doyouwanttosellahousefast?*Haveyourecentlybeenrelocatedandneedafasthomesale?*AreyoutiredofthetimeconsumingForSaleByOwnerprocess?*DoyouwanttogetTopDollarforyouHome?WeBuyandSellHousesandHomesFast-AnyConditionWewillCallyoutodayforaFast,Free,NoObligationConsultationWeareanationalgroupofrealestateprofessionalshttp://www.pcfinvestments.com/www/localoffices.htmthatspecializesinhelpinghomeownersselltheirhomeasquicklyandeasilyaspossible.Thereisnoupfrontcostandnoobligationbecausewearedevotedtoprovidingyouwiththebestoptionforafasthomesale.Weroutinelybuyandsellalltypesofproperty,inanycondition,andinmostlocations.Inmanycaseswecancloseonyourhousequickly,oftenin9daysorless,withallcashandatnocosttoyou.Weareexperiencedprofessionalsthatcanselljustaboutanyhouse,nomatterwhattype,size,location,orcondition.Infact,dependingonthesituation,wecanoftenmakeyouanoffertodayandbuyyourhousewithin24hours!Weknowthatsellingyourhomecanbeanintimidatingprocess,butwecanhelpmakeitamucheasier,faster,andlessstressfulexperience.Wewanttohelpyousellyourhouseasquicklyaspossible.Ournationwidenetworkofknowledgeablerealestatespecialistsareavailabletodiscussindetailallavailableoptions,fromquickcashclosingstoamoretraditionallistingarrangements.Weunderstandthateverysituationisunique;thereforewedonotprovideaone-size-fits-allsolution.Wewanttoworkwithyou,understandyourneeds,andhelp.youfindthebestsolutionforyourspecificcircumstances.ThebestpartisthatourservicesareabsolutelyFreetoyou,thehomeowner.Wewanttohelpyousellyourhousefast,andwewanttohelpyoutoday.ThereisNoObligation,NoRisk,andNoCostforourservices!76.Whoaresupposedtobeinterestedinthisadvertisement?

21A.Thosewhowanttobuyanewhouse.B.Thosewhoneedtorentanapartment.C.Thosewhohaveextrahousesforsale.D.Thosewhowanttohavefreehouses.77Whichistheprobableexplanationfortheunderlinedword"relocated"?A.Borrowingmoney,frombanks.B.Movingtoanewplace.C.Promoted.D.Tired.78.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheadvertisement?A.Itusuallytakestwoweekstosellahouse.B.Theycansellallkindsofhouseseverywhereintheworld.C.Theyhavefreeconsultantstoansweryourquestions.D.Theycanbuyyouanewhousewithin24hours.【答案】76.C77.B78.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则帮助房主卖房子的广告，介绍了其具体服务流程和特色等信息。【76题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Wewanttohelpyousellyourhouseasquicklyaspossible.(我们想帮您尽快卖掉房子)”以及最后一段中“ThebestpartisthatourservicesareabsolutelyFreetoyou,thehomeowner.(最重要的是，我们的服务对您——房主是绝对免费的)”可推知，那些有多余房屋待售的人会对这个广告感兴趣。故选C。【77题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“andneedafasthomesale”可知，本句设定的情景是：你最近搬家了，需要快速出售房子，故画线词意思为“搬到一个新地方”。故选B。【78题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“WewillCallyoutodayforaFast,Free,NoObligationConsultation(今天我们将给您打电话，进行一次快速、免费的咨询)”可推知，他们有免费的顾问来回答你的问题。故选C。BOpendata-sharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Althoughmanyresearchersbroadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldacceleratescience,becauseotherscientistsmightbeabletomakeadvancesnotforeseenbythedata'sproducers,mostarereluctanttoposttheresultsoftheirownlaboursonline(seeNature461,160-163;2009).WhenWolkovich,forinstance,wenthuntingforthedatafromthe50studiesinhermeta-analysis,only8datasetswereavailableonline,andmanyoftheresearcherswhomshee-mailedrefusedtosharetheirwork.Forced

22toextractdatafromtablesorfiguresinpublications,Wolkovich'steamcouldconductonlylimitedanalysesSomecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline-geneticists,forexample,postDNAsequencesattheGenBankrepository,andastronomersareaccustomedtoaccessingimagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescopethathasobservedsome500millionobjects-buttheseremaintheexception,nottherule.Historically,scientistshaveobjectedtosharingformanyreasons:itisalotofwork;untilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficulttoagreeonstandardsforformattingdataandthecontextualinformationcalledmetadata;andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata.Butthebarriersaredisappearinginpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwideareencouragingscientiststomaketheirdatapublic.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportScienceasanOpenEnterprisethatscientistsneedtoshiftawayfromaresearchculturewheredataisviewedasprivatepreserve.Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidforwithpublicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthescientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbeshareddigitallyinwaysthatwerenotpossiblebefore.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearchproductsonlineandenableotherresearcherstodiscoverandcitethem.Althoughexhortationstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthemoraladvantagesofsharing,thepracticeisnotpurelyaltruistic.Researcherswhosharegetplentyofpersonalbenefits,includingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improvedvisibilityandincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharers-thosewhosedataaredownloadedandcitedthemostoften-getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused.Forexample,oneofthemostpopulardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeendownloaded5,700times.Co-authorAmyZanne,abiologistatGeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashingtonDC,thinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-changeresearcherswantingtoestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesterslookingforinformationondifferentgradesof'timber."Iwouldmuchprefertohavemydatausedbythemaximumnumberofpeopletoasktheirownquestions,"shesays"It'simportanttoallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhowyouarriveatyourresults.Publishingdataandcodeallowsyoursciencetobereproducible".79.Whatdomanyresearchersgenerallyaccept?A.Itisimperativetoprotestscientist'patentsB.RepositoriesareessentialtoscientificresearchC.OpendatasharingismostimportanttomedicalscienceD.Opendatasharingisconducivetoscientificadvancement80.Whatistheattitudeofmostresearcherstowardsmakingtheirowndatapublic?A.Opposed

23B.AmbiguousC.LiberalD.Neutral81.Accordingtothepassage,whatmighthinderopendatasharing？A.ThefearofmassivecopyingB.ThelackofaresearchcultureC.ThebeliefthatresearchisprivateintellectualpropertyD.Theconcernthatcertainagenciesmaymakeaprofitoutofit82.Dryadservesasanexampletoshowhowopendatasharing___A.isbecomingincreasinglypopularB.benefitssharersandusersalikeC.makesresearcherssuccessfulD.savesbothmoneyandlabor【答案】79.D80.A81.C82.B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学术界数据共享的好处以及对科技的推进作用。【79题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Althoughmanyresearchersbroadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldacceleratescience,becauseotherscientistsmightbeabletomakeadvancesnotforeseenbythedata'sproducers,mostarereluctanttoposttheresultsoftheirownlaboursonline.”（尽管许多研究人员普遍认为，公众获取原始数据将加速科学进步，因为其他科学家可能能够取得数据制作者无法预见的进步，但大多数研究人员不愿将自己的研究结果公布在网上。）可知，研究人员普遍认为开放数据共享有利于科学进步。故选D项。【80题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“…mostarereluctanttoposttheresultsoftheirownlaboursonline.”（但大多数研究人员不愿将自己的研究结果公布在网上。）以及第二段中“Historically,scientistshaveobjectedtosharingformanyreasons…”（从历史上看，科学家反对共享的原因有很多……）可知，大多数研究人员不情愿公开自己的数据，所以他们对共享持反对态度。故选A项。【81题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Historically,scientistshaveobjectedtosharingformanyreasons:itisalotofwork…”（从历史上看，科学家反对共享的原因有很多：这是一项繁重的工作……）和第三段中“Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportScienceasanOpenEnterprisethatscientistsneedtoshiftaway

24fromaresearchculturewheredataisviewedasprivatepreserve.”（去年，伦敦皇家学会在其报告《科学作为一个开放的企业》中表示，科学家需要摆脱研究文化，即数据被视为私人保护。）可以推断，阻碍开放数据共享的原因可能是研究人员认为大量工作得到的研究成果是私人的知识产权。故选C项。【82题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Researcherswhosharegetplentyofpersonalbenefits,includingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improvedvisibilityandincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharers-thosewhosedataaredownloadedandcitedthemostoften-getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused.Forexample,oneofthemostpopulardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeendownloaded5,700times.”（共享研究人员可以获得很多个人利益，包括与同事更多的联系，更高的可见度和更多的引用。最成功的分享者——那些数据被下载和引用最频繁的人——会得到关注，他们的工作也会被使用。例如，多学科知识库Dryad中最流行的数据集之一是关于世界各地木材密度的数据；它已经被下载了5,700次。）可知，Dryad作为一个例子，是来说明开放数据共享对分享者和使用者都有好处。故选B项。CEconomicallyspeaking,arewebetteroffthanweweretenyearsago?Twentyyearsago?Intheirthirstforevidenceonthisissue,commentatorsseizedontherecentreportbytheCensusBureau,whichfoundthataveragehouseholdincomeroseby5.2%in2015.Unfortunately,thatconclusionputstoomuchweightonauseful,butflawedandincomplete,statistic.AmongthemoresignificantproblemswiththeCensus'smeasurearethat:1)itexcludestaxes,transfers,andcompensationlikeemployer-providedhealthinsurance;and2)itisbasedonsurveysratherthandata.Evenifpreciselymeasured,incomedataexcludeimportantdeterminantsofeconomicwellbeing,suchasthehoursofworkneededtoearnthatincome.Whilethinkingaboutthequestion,wecameacrossarecentlypublishedarticlebyCharlesJonesandPeterKlenow,whichproposesaninterestingnewmeasureofeconomicwelfare.Whilebynomeansperfect,itisconsiderablymorecomprehensivethanaverageincome,takingintoaccountnotonlygrowthinconsumptionperpersonbutalsochangesinworkingtime,lifeexpectancy,andinequality.Moreover,itcanbeusedtoassesseconomicperformancebothacrosscountriesandovertime.TheJones-Klenowmethodcanbeillustratedbyacross-countryexample.SupposewewanttocomparetheeconomicwelfareofcitizensoftheU.S.andFrancein2005.In2005,astheauthorsobserve:realconsumptionperpersoninFrancewasonly60%ashighastheU.S.,makingitappearthatAmericanswereeconomicallymuchbetteroffthantheFrenchonaverage.However,thatcomparisonomitsotherrelevantfactors:leisuretime,lifeexpectancy,andeconomicinequality.TheFrenchtake

25longervacationsandretireearlier,sotypicallyworkfewerhours;theyenjoyahigherlifeexpectancy,presumablyreflectingadvantageswithrespecttohealthcare,diet,lifestyle,andthelike;andincomeandconsumptionaresomewhatmoreequallydistributedtherethanintheU.S.Becauseofthesedifferences,comparingFrance'sconsumptionwiththeU.S.'soverstatesthegapineconomicwelfare.SimilarcalculationscanbeusedtocomparetheU.S.andothercountries.Forexample,thiscalculationputseconomicwelfareintheUnitedKingdomat97%ofU.S.levels,butestimatesMexicanwell-beingat22%.TheJones-Klenowmeasurecanalsoassessaneconomy'sperformanceovertime.Accordingtothismeasure,asoftheearly-to-mid-2000s,theU.S.hadthehighesteconomicwelfareofanylargecountry.Since2007,economicwelfareintheU.S.hascontinuedtoimprove.However,thepaceofimprovementhasslowedmarkedly.Methodologically,thelessonfromtheJones-Klenowresearchisthateconomicwelfareismulti-dimensional.Theirapproachisflexibleenoughthatinprincipleotherimportantquality-of-lifechangescouldbeincorporated—forexample,decreasesintotalemissionsofpollutantsanddeclinesincrimerates.83.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheJones-Klenowmethod?A.Itiswidelyusedtocomparetheeconomicgrowthacrosscountries.B.Itrevolutionizesthewayofmeasuringordinarypeople'slivelihood.C.Itfocusesonpeople'sconsumptionratherthantheiraverageincome.D.Itisamorecomprehensivemeasureofpeople'seconomicwell-being.84.WhatdoJonesandKlenowthinkofthecomparisonbetweenFranceandtheU.S.intermsofrealconsumptionperperson?A.Itreflectedtheexistingbiggapbetweenthetwoeconomies.B.Itneglectedmanyimportantindicatorsofpeople'swelfare.C.Itcoveredupthedifferencesbetweenindividualcitizens.D.Itfailedtocountintheirdifferenceinnaturalresources.85.WhatisanadvantageoftheJones-Klenowmethod?A.Itcanaccuratelypinpointacountry'scurrenteconomicproblems.B.Itcanhelptoraisepeople'sawarenessoftheireconomicwell-being.C.Itcandiagnosethecausesofacountry'sslowingpaceofeconomicimprovement.D.Itcancompareacountry'seconomicconditionsbetweendifferentperiodsoftime.86.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutAmericanpeople'seconomicwell-being?A.ItismuchbetterthanthatoftheirEuropeancounterparts.B.Ithasbeenonthedeclineeversincetheturnofthecentury.

26C.IthasnotimprovedasmuchasreportedbytheCensusBureau.D.Ithasnotbeenaccuratelyassessedandreportedsincemid-2000s.【答案】83.D84.B85.D86.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Jones-Klenow方法，该方法是衡量人们经济福祉的更全面的衡量标准。【83题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whilethinkingaboutthequestion,wecameacrossarecentlypublishedarticlebyCharlesJonesandPeterKlenow,whichproposesaninterestingnewmeasureofeconomicwelfare.Whilebynomeansperfect,itisconsiderablymorecomprehensivethanaverageincome,takingintoaccountnotonlygrowthinconsumptionperpersonbutalsochangesinworkingtime,lifeexpectancy,andinequality.Moreover,itcanbeusedtoassesseconomicperformancebothacrosscountriesandovertime.(在思考这个问题时，我们看到了CharlesJones和PeterKlenow最近发表的一篇文章，其中提出了一种有趣的衡量经济福利的新方法。虽然它不是完美的，但它比平均收入要全面得多，不仅考虑了人均消费的增长，而且考虑了工作时间、预期寿命和不平等的变化。此外，它可以用来评估不同国家和不同时期的经济表现)”可知，作者认为Jones-Klenow方法是一个更全面的衡量人民经济福祉的方法。故选D。【84题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“In2005,astheauthorsobserve:realconsumptionperpersoninFrancewasonly60%ashighastheU.S.,makingitappearthatAmericanswereeconomicallymuchbetteroffthantheFrenchonaverage.However,thatcomparisonomitsotherrelevantfactors:leisuretime,lifeexpectancy,andeconomicinequality.(2005年，正如作者观察到的那样:法国的人均实际消费量仅为美国的60%，这似乎表明美国人的平均经济水平要比法国人好得多。然而，这种比较忽略了其他相关因素：闲暇时间、预期寿命和经济不平等)”可知，Jones和Klenow认为法国和美国之间就人均实际消费而言的比较，它忽略了许多关于人民福利的重要指标。故选B。【85题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“TheJones-Klenowmeasurecanalsoassessaneconomy'sperformanceovertime.Accordingtothismeasure,asoftheearly-to-mid-2000s,theU.S.hadthehighesteconomicwelfareofanylargecountry.Since2007,economicwelfareintheU.S.hascontinuedtoimprove.However,thepaceofimprovementhasslowedmarkedly.(Jones-Klenow方法还可以评估一个经济体的长期表现。根据这一指标，到本世纪初至中期，美国的经济福利是所有大国中最高的。自2007年以来，美国的经济福利持续改善。然而，改善的步伐已明显放缓)”可知，Jones-Klenow方法的优点是它可以比较一个国家在不同时期的经济状况。故选D。

27【86题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Intheirthirstforevidenceonthisissue,commentatorsseizedontherecentreportbytheCensusBureau,whichfoundthataveragehouseholdincomeroseby5.2%in2015.Unfortunately,thatconclusionputstoomuchweightonauseful,butflawedandincomplete,statistic.(在这个问题上，评论家们急切地寻找证据，他们抓住了人口普查局最近的一份报告，该报告发现2015年平均家庭收入增长了5.2%。不幸的是，这个结论过于看重一个有用但有缺陷和不完整的统计数据)”可推知，美国人民的经济福祉没有像人口普查局报告的那样有很大的改善。故选C。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Protectingourdelicateenvironmentseemstobeontheagendaofpoliticians,governmentleaders,andcitizensinmanypartsoftheworldtoshowsupportformother-nature.Theconceptofgreenconsumerismhasgainedmomentummoreandmoreoverthelastdecade,andthepublicfeelsmovedtopitchinandhelp._____87_____.Let'susepaperasanexample.Thefirststepistoraisepublicawarenessabouttherecyclingprocess,toexplainthekindsofmaterialsthatcanberecycled,andprovidewaysonhowtoproperlydisposeofthem.Localgovernmentsshouldeducatethepubliconhowtoproperlysortreusablematerialsfromthose,likewaxedpaper,carbonpaper,plasticmaterialsuchasfastfoodwrappers,thatcan'tberecycledveryeasily._____88_____.Second,technologicalprogresshasbeenmadeonmanyfronts,butgovernmentalagenciesneedtostepuptechnologicalsupportforcompaniesinvolvedinrecyclingtoupgradeequipmentandtoencouragefurtherresearch.Onebreakthroughhasbeenthedevelopmentofanewmanufacturingprocessthatusesenzymestohelpremoveinkfrompaperinmoreenergyefficientandenvironmentallysafemethods._____89_____.Thedifficultyinremovingprintfrompaper,theamountofenergyexpendedduringtheprocess,andcausticwastethatissometimesproducedarecoststhatcompaniesincurthatarethenpassedontotheconsumer.Thefinalkeyistoincreasedemandforthegrowingsurplusofresourceswaitingtoberecycled.Thisproblemhasappearedinvariousregionsoftheworldwherethetechnologytoprocesstheusedmaterialslagsfarbehindtheamountbeingcollectedforrecycling._____90_____;yetthegreatstumblingblocktoimplementingthesecondstageofthisplancouldbeimpededbythecorporatesector'sinabilitytofindcommercialenterprisesinterestedinusingrecycledgoodsespeciallywhenthecostexceedsthoseofvirginmaterials.A.Recyclingpapermaterialscanbeexpensiveinbothmonetaryandenvironmentalterms.

28B.Howevertoughthechallengemaybe,supportsofpaperrecyclingneverstepback.C.Givethepublicinformationtheycangrasp,andthenyouwillincreaseyourchancesofgainingfollowers.D.Theremaybeagreatoutpouringofsupport.E.Soweareactuallyinatimewhengreenhasbeenatrend.F.However,certainessentialkeysareneededtopowerthismovement.【答案】87.E88.C89.A90.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。保护我们脆弱的环境似乎已经被世界上许多地方的政治家、政府领导人和公民提上了议事日程，以表达对大自然母亲的支持。在过去的十年里，绿色消费主义的概念获得了越来越多的动力，公众感到被打动了，想要参与和帮助。文章以回收纸张为例，介绍了回收利用的具体过程。【87题详解】根据上文“Protectingourdelicateenvironmentseemstobeontheagendaofpoliticians,governmentleaders,andcitizensinmanypartsoftheworldtoshowsupportformother-nature.Theconceptofgreenconsumerismhasgainedmomentummoreandmoreoverthelastdecade,andthepublicfeelsmovedtopitchinandhelp.(保护我们脆弱的环境似乎已经被世界上许多地方的政治家、政府领导人和公民提上了议事日程，以表达对大自然母亲的支持。在过去的十年里，绿色消费主义的概念获得了越来越多的动力，公众感到被打动了，想要参与和帮助)”可知，上文提到绿色消费主义获得了越来越多的动力，故本句总结上文说明：绿色已经成为一种趋势，E选项中green对应上文中greenconsumerism。故E选项“所以我们实际上处在一个绿色已经成为一种趋势的时代”符合语境，故选E。【88题详解】根据上文“Let'susepaperasanexample.Thefirststepistoraisepublicawarenessabouttherecyclingprocess,toexplainthekindsofmaterialsthatcanberecycled,andprovidewaysonhowtoproperlydisposeofthem.Localgovernmentsshouldeducatethepubliconhowtoproperlysortreusablematerialsfromthose,likewaxedpaper,carbonpaper,plasticmaterialsuchasfastfoodwrappers,thatcan'tberecycledveryeasily.(让我们以纸张为例。第一步是提高公众对回收过程的认识，解释可以回收的材料种类，并提供如何正确处理它们的方法。地方政府应该教育公众如何正确地将可重复使用的材料与那些不容易回收的材料，如蜡纸、碳纸、快餐包装纸等塑料材料进行分类)”可知，上文提到了政府教育公众如何正确回收利用材料，本句为本段最后一句，应当承接上文解释说明：给公众可以掌握的公众信息，他们就会追随环保的做法，C选项中they指代上文中thepublic。故C选项“给他们可以掌握的公众信息，这样你就会增加你获得追随者的机会”符合语境，故选C。【89题详解】

29根据上文“Onebreakthroughhasbeenthedevelopmentofanewmanufacturingprocessthatusesenzymestohelpremoveinkfrompaperinmoreenergyefficientandenvironmentallysafemethods.(其中一项突破是开发了一种新的制造工艺，使用酶以更节能和环保的方式帮助去除纸张上的墨水)”以及后文“Thedifficultyinremovingprintfrompaper,theamountofenergyexpendedduringtheprocess,andcausticwastethatissometimesproducedarecoststhatcompaniesincurthatarethenpassedontotheconsumer.(从纸上去除印刷物的困难，过程中消耗的能量，以及有时产生的腐蚀性废物，都是公司产生的成本，然后转嫁给消费者)”可知，后文提到回收纸质材料公司需要耗费大量的成本，而这种成本都转嫁给了消费者，造成回收纸质材料非常昂贵。故A选项“从经济和环境的角度来看，回收纸质材料是很昂贵的”符合语境，故选A。【90题详解】根据后文“yetthegreatstumblingblocktoimplementingthesecondstageofthisplancouldbeimpededbythecorporatesector'sinabilitytofindcommercialenterprisesinterestedinusingrecycledgoodsespeciallywhenthecostexceedsthoseofvirginmaterials.(然而，执行该计划第二阶段的巨大障碍可能因公司部门无法找到有兴趣使用回收物品的商业企业而受到阻碍，特别是当回收物品的成本超过原始材料时)”可知，yet表示转折，后文提到了遇到的障碍，说明本句是在说明好的方面，即获得支持。故D选项“可能会有大量的支持”符合语境，故选D。IV.SummaryWriting91.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Muchtimeandefforthasbeendevotedtoresearchingthementalhealthbenefitsofflexibleworkenvironments,butcantheabilitytoleaveworkearlytowatchyourson’ssoccergame,orarriveattheofficeabitlaterinthemorninginordertoseetosomepersonalmatters,havephysicalhealthbenefitsbesidesmakingyoufeelabitrelaxed?AccordingtonewresearchpublishedintheCochraneLibraryDatabaseofSystematicReviews,itseemsso.Inareviewof10previousstudiesexaminingthehealtheffectsofunfixedworkconditionsformorethan16,000people,researchersfromtheU.K..DurhamUniversityandUniversityofNewcastle,aswellastheUniversityofMontreal,foundthatflexibleworkschedules,forinstance,whenemployeescanshifttheirstartingtimes,wereassociatedwithimprovementsinaperson’soverallhealth.Inaddition,perhaps,unsurprisingly,inallofthestudiesincludedinthereview,researchersfoundnoevidencefornegativeeffectsofmoreflexibleworkschedules.Thisinitialanalysiswasintendedtothrowlightonthepotentialhealthbenefitsofflexibleworkoptions,whichareincreasinglypopularthroughoutScandinavia,andhaverecentlygainedsomegroundintheU.K.Forexample,lastApril,theBritishgovernmentimplementedapolicythatallowedparentsofchildrenagedsixandunderto

30requestflexibleworkarrangementstoincludeparentsofchildrenaged16andyounger.IntheU.S.,thephenomenonisabitslowertocatchon.Yet,theeconomicslowdownofrecentyearsmayhavecontributedtogrowthinworkplaceflexibility—ascompaniesunabletorewardemployeeswithbonusesorraisesmayturntootherformsofcompensation,Reutersreportedearlylastyear.Originalanalysistoo,ofcourse,indicatedthebenefitsofflexibleworkenvironmentstowardpositivementalhealthoutcomes.Andwhiletheselatestfindingsarepromising,theresearchersstressthatmorestudyisvitaltounderstandingthedetailedrelationshipbetweenflexibleworkandimprovedhealthoutcomes.Totrulygraspthebenefitsofflexibleworkingconditions,theresearcherssay,additionalstudyanalyzinghealthoutcomesamongawiderangeofworkers—fromhigh-rankingexecutivestohourlyemployees–iscritical,whichhelpstogainadeeperunderstandingoftheissue,andtoshapefutureworkplacepolicy.【答案】Byreviewingpreviousstudies,researchersfindflexibleworkschedulesbenefitpeople’soverallhealth.WorkplaceflexibilityismorepopularinsomeEuropeancountriesthaninUS,wherethephenomenonmaycatchonbecauseithelpscompaniesrewardemployeesduringrecession.Additionalstudiesamongawiderrangeofworkersareneededtobetterunderstandtherelationshipanddesignfutureworkplacepolicy.(59words)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明很多时间和精力都花在研究弹性工作环境对心理健康有很多好处，更多的研究对于理解弹性工作和改善健康结果之间的详细关系至关重要。研究人员说，要真正掌握灵活工作条件的好处，对从高级管理人员到钟点工等各类员工的健康状况进行分析的额外研究至关重要，这有助于加深对这一问题的理解，并制定未来的工作场所政策。【详解】1要点摘录①Muchtimeandefforthasbeendevotedtoresearchingthementalhealthbenefitsofflexibleworkenvironments,②…forinstance,whenemployeescanshifttheirstartingtimes,wereassociatedwithimprovementsinaperson’soverallhealth.③IntheU.S.,thephenomenonisabitslowertocatchon.Yet,theeconomicslowdownofrecentyearsmayhavecontributedtogrowthinworkplaceflexibility—ascompaniesunabletorewardemployeeswithbonusesorraisesmayturntootherformsofcompensation.④…additionalstudyanalyzinghealthoutcomesamongawiderangeofworkers—fromhigh-rankingexecutivestohourlyemployees–iscritical,whichhelpstogainadeeperunderstandingoftheissue,andtoshapefutureworkplacepolicy.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。

313.遣词造句①Byreviewingpreviousstudies,researchersfindflexibleworkschedulesbenefitpeople’soverallhealth.②WorkplaceflexibilityismorepopularinsomeEuropeancountriesthaninUS,wherethephenomenonmaycatchonbecauseithelpscompaniesrewardemployeesduringrecession.③Additionalstudiesamongawiderrangeofworkersareneededtobetterunderstandtherelationshipanddesignfutureworkplacepolicy.【点睛】[高分句型1]Byreviewingpreviousstudies,researchersfindflexibleworkschedulesbenefitpeople’soverallhealth.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中reviewing是动名词作介词by的宾语，find后是省略that的宾语从句。[高分句型2]WorkplaceflexibilityismorepopularinsomeEuropeancountriesthaninUSwherethephenomenonmaycatchonbecauseithelpscompaniesrewardemployeesduringrecession.用where引导的非限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。[高分句型3]Additionalstudiesamongawiderrangeofworkersareneededtobetterunderstandtherelationshipanddesignfutureworkplacepolicy.用动词不定式作目的状语概括了第四段内容。V.Translation(3+4+4+4+5)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.92.在工程学等学科上你犯的错误越少，就越可能有资格做建筑师。（likely;qualify）(汉译英)【答案】Thefewermistakesyoucommitinsuchsubjectsasengineering,themorelikelyyouaretobequalifiedasanarchitect.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定句型、短语和时态。此处为固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，越……”；表示“犯错误”短语为commitmistakes，由形容词fewer作定语修饰mistakes；表示“工程学”应用名词engineering，作宾语；表示“可能……”短语为belikelytodosth.；表示“有资格……”短语为bequalifiedas，后跟单数名词architect，作宾语；句子应用一般现在时。故翻译为Thefewermistakesyoucommitinsuchsubjectsasengineering,themorelikelyyouaretobequalifiedasanarchitect.93.无论你是打算自主创业还是拓展业务，都应该关心员工、设备等成本问题。（concern，range）(汉译英)【答案】Whetheryouwanttosetupyourownbusinessorexpandyourbusiness,youshouldbeconcernedaboutthecost,rangingfrompersonneltoequipment.

32【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定句型、固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“无论是……还是……”可知应用whether…or…；表示“自主创业”可翻译为setupone’sownbusiness；表示“扩展业务”可翻译为expandone’sbusiness；表示“关心”短语为beconcernedabout；结合语境表示“范围从……到……”短语为rangefrom…to…；句子应用一般现在时。故翻译为Whetheryouwanttosetupyourownbusinessorexpandyourbusiness,youshouldbeconcernedaboutthecost,rangingfrompersonneltoequipment.94.委员会后知后觉，才意识到没啥比导致濒危物种灭绝更值得反思了。（before）(汉译英)【答案】Itwaslongbeforethecommitteerealizedthatnothingisbetterworthreflectingonthanleadingtheendangeredspeciestoextinction.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词、短语、动词和时间状语从句。表示“委员会”用名词thecommittee；表示“后知后觉，过了很久才”用itwaslongbefore...表示“意识到”用动词realize，根据句意，描述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，即realized；表示“濒危物种”用短语theendangeredspecies；表示“导致”用动词短语lead…to；表示“灭绝”用名词extinction；表示“更值得”用bebetterworthdoingsththan；表示“反思”用动词短语reflect…on，根据worthdoing，故用reflecting；故答案为Itwaslongbeforethecommitteerealizedthatnothingisbetterworthreflectingonthanleadingtheendangeredspeciestoextinction.95.有别于那些整个职业生涯默默无闻的运动员，在20世纪80年代马拉多纳（Maradona）第一次为他的祖国捧回世界杯（theWorldCup）冠军的时候，他就确立了自己传奇球星的地位。(establish;remain)(汉译英)【答案】Unlikethosewhoremainunknownalltheirprofessionalcareer,MaradonaestablishedhimselfasalegendaryfootballstarthefirsttimehewonthechampionshipforhiscountryintheWorldCupinthe1980s.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查谓语动词，主谓宾，主系表，介词短语，以及复合句等。表示“有别于”可用介词unlike；表示“那些整个职业生涯默默无闻的运动员”可用代词those后接定语从句whoremainunknownalltheirprofessionalcareer，who引导定语从句，作从句主语，指代先行词those，为复数，因从句部分表示现在状态，应为一般现在时，所以表示“默默无闻”用系表结构remainunknown；表示“他就确立了自己传奇球星的地位。”需用所提示的动词establishoneself，因时间状语是“在20世纪80年代马拉多纳（Maradona）第一次为他的祖国捧回世界杯（theWorldCup

33）冠军的时候”所以主句部分应为一般过去时，表达为Maradonaestablishedhimselfasalegendaryfootballstar；表示时间状语“在20世纪80年代马拉多纳（Maradona）第一次为他的祖国捧回世界杯（theWorldCup）冠军的时候”可用thefirsttime（名词用作连词）引导时间状语从句hewonthechampionshipforhiscountryintheWorldCupinthe1980s。故翻译为Unlikethosewhoremainunknownalltheirprofessionalcareer,MaradonaestablishedhimselfasalegendaryfootballstarthefirsttimehewonthechampionshipforhiscountryintheWorldCupinthe1980s.96.电子烟一上市,那些忧心忡忡的评论家就警告说因为人们没法抵挡要去抽烟的冲动，因此电子烟绝不可能替代香烟。（Hardly...;alternative）(汉译英)【答案】HardlyhadElectroniccigarettesenteredthemarket/beenlaunchedwhentheconcernedcriticswarnedthattheywereanythingbutanalternativetocigarettesinthatpeoplecouldn’tresistthedesiretosmokethem.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查倒装句，时态，动词，名词，短语。表示“电子烟”用名词短语Electroniccigarettes；表示“一…就…”用hardly…when；表示“上市”用enterthemarket；根据hardly…when可知，要使用过去完成时；表示“忧心忡忡的评论家”用短语theconcernedcritics；表示“警告”用动词warn，when后用一般过去时，故用warned；表示“因为”用inthat；表示“抵挡不住抽烟的冲动”用couldn’tresistthedesiretosmokethem；表示“绝不”用anythingbut；表示“替代”用alternativeto；故答案为HardlyhadElectroniccigarettesenteredthemarket/beenlaunchedwhentheconcernedcriticswarnedthattheywereanythingbutanalternativetocigarettesinthatpeoplecouldn’tresistthedesiretosmokethem.