上海市致远高级中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末教学评估英语Word版含解析

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致远高中2020学年高二第一学期期末教学评估英语试卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard1.A.Apostwoman.B.AteacherC.AjournalistD.Alibrarian2.A.Onaplane.B.Onatrain.C.Atarestaurant.D.Atatravelagency3.A.5minutesB.10minutes.C.15minutes.D.20minutes.4.A.Hespendstoomuchmoney.B.HeshouldwatchmoreTV.C.HeactuallylikeswatchingTV.D.Heboughtanexpensivewatch.5.A.Thewomanshouldgetanewwatch.B.Thewomanneedstobuyanotherbattery.C.Heknowswhatiswrongwiththewatch.D.Thestorecanprobablyfixthewoman'swatch.6.A.Heshouldworkinthesummerschool.B.Heshouldn'tgotoNewYorkinthesummer.C.Hemaynotwanttodoso.D.Hemayhavedifficultyindoingso.7.A.Spendmoretimeonthecourse.B.Turntothegraduateassistantforhelp.C.Dropthecourseassoonaspossible.D.Helpthegraduateassistantwiththecourse.8.A.Theyshouldbuyalotofcoffee.B.Thesupermarketisn'tgoingtobeclosed.C.Coffeeisoutofstockinthesupermarket.D.Theyshouldwaitforabetterdealoncoffee.9.A.Thefinalexam.B.Alawschool.C.Areferenceletter.D.Thedepartmentpolicy.10.A.Hewasn'tabletofindaseatthere.

1B.Hehadtowaitalongtimeforaseatthere.C.Theseatsthereareuncomfortable.D.Itprovidesreadingmaterialsforcustomers.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).Theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingnews.11.A.2B.18.C.About125.D.Over1,300.12.A.Helpinggooduniversitiestoenrollmorestudents.B.Gettingmorefinancialsupportfromforeignstudents.C.EncouragingmoreforeignstudentstotravelaroundtheUK.D.AttractingmoreexcellentforeignstudentstoworkinBritain.13.A.HevotedforDonaldTrump.B.Hedidnotvoteinthepresidentialelection.C.Hemadeapoliticalspeechintheconcert.D.Hesangforonly40minutesintheconcert.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theycanplaymanykindsofgameswithsnow.B.Theycanseethebeautifulsceneryoffallingsnow.C.Theycanhaveseveraldaysofffromschoolifitsnows.D.Theycanenjoysteaminghotchocolateonasnowyday.15.A.Thebuildingofsnowmenforchildren.B.Theremovalofsnowofftheirdriveway.C.Thespreadofsaltmixedwithsand.D.Thelowtemperaturethatsnowbrings.16A.Rareandexciting.B.Dangerousandchallenging.

2C.Unusualbutdisappointing.D.Troublesomebutinteresting.QuestionsI7through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Itencourageswiseconsumption.B.Itisimpossibletobestolen.C.Itmakesiteasiertopayoffdebt.D.Itcanbeusedinanemergency.18.A.Itmakespeoplefeelsafer.B.Itpreventspeoplefromoverspending.C.Itenablespeopletogetthingscheaper.D.Ithelpspeopleknowmoreaboutmoney.19.A.Doingsomeshopping.B.DoingsomereadingC.Openinganaccount.D.Takingalesson.20.A.Shopownersprefercashtocreditcards.B.Thewomanpayspartofhisbilleachmonth.C.Mostpeopledon'tchoosetousecreditcards.D.Themanwasn'tpersuadedbythewomanatlast.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.LivingaLifeFullofWildAdventuresHelenSkeltonwasbroughtuponaremotefarm,andherfamilywasn'tfullof"runnersandrockclimbers".However,shehassincetravelledtheworldon____1____seriesofrecordbreakingadventures.TheformerBluePeterpresenterhaskayaked（划皮划艇）downtheAmazonRiver,cycledtotheSouthPoleanddoneatightropewalkbetweenthechimneysofBatter-seaPowerStationinLondon.Now,Skelton____2____(share)thesecretsofhersuccessinanewbookcalledWildGirl:HowtoHaveIncredibleOutdoorAdventures.____3____she'sgotplentyofstampsinherpassport,Skeltonsaysyoudon'tneedtogototheAmazonorAntarcticainordertohaveanadventure-there'splentytodohereintheUK.ShegrewupinCumbria,andwouldgobike-ridingandskateboardingwithhermum,aswellasbuildingrafts.Shehopestopassontheseadventurestoher

3ownchildren.Despitethetitle,Skeltonsaysthatthebookisn'tjustforgirls.Shebelievesadventureisaleveller-anactivity____4____menandwomenareequal.Adventures____5____alsobeeducational.Skeltonsayswhenyou'reatthemercyoftheelementsyouhavetoadaptandbeflexible,whichisagreatlessonforlife.Ofalltheplacesshe____6____(be)to,SkeltonsaystheSouthPolewasparticularlyhard."It'slikelivinginafreezer.It'sthewindiest,driest,coldestplaceonEarth."Skeltonexplains,"Youcan'tevenputupyourtent,whichisyouronlyshelter,____7____puttingonhugegloves,otherwiseyou'llgetafrostbite.____8____(put)upatentinovenglovesisn'teasy."Heradvicetoanyaspiringadventurerswouldbeto"notworryabout____9____commentsotherpeoplemightmake.WhenIsaidI'mgoingtokayaktheAmazon,peopletoldmethat'smadness.And,ifIhadlistenedtothem,Ineverwouldhavedone_____10_____ofit.Sojusttry."【答案】1.a2.issharing3.Although/Though4.where5.can6.hadbeen7.without8.Putting9.what10.any【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了HelenSkelton所写的关于冒险的一本书及她对冒险者的建议。【1题详解】考查冠词。根据空后的“seriesof”可知，此处应填不定冠词a，构成固定短语aseriesof，意为“一系列”。故填a。【2题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现在，Skelton正在一本叫作《WildGirl:HowtoHaveIncredibleOutdoorAdventures》的书中分享她成功的秘密。根据本句的时间状语Now可知，应用现在进行时结构，主语Skelton是第三人称单数，故填issharing。【3题详解】考查连词。前一句意为“她的护照上有很多邮票”，后一句意为“Skelton说你不必为了有一次冒险经历而去亚马逊或者南极”，显然前者是后面的一个“让步”，这里是一个让步状语从句，Although/Though都是“尽管”的意思，引导一个让步状语从句。故填Although/Though。【4题详解】

4考查定语从句。句意：她相信冒险是一种平等——一种男性和女性在其中都平等的活动。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词anactivity，空处关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。【5题详解】考查情态动词。句意：冒险也可以是有教育意义的。分析句子可知，空后是be动词原形，此处应填一个情态动词，can表示“可以”，符合语境。故填can。【6题详解】考查时态。句意：在所有她去过的地方，Skelton说南极尤其地艰难。空后“theSouthPolewasparticularlyhard”用的是一般过去时，空处动词表示的动作发生在“她说南极尤其艰难”之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填hadbeen。【7题详解】考查介词。句意：不戴上巨大的手套，你甚至不能搭建起帐篷，帐篷是你唯一的遮蔽物。分析句子可知，这里指否定，应用介词without。故填without。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：戴着烤箱手套搭建帐篷不容易。分析句子可知，这里缺少主语，表示一件已知的事或经验，应用动名词形式。故填Putting。【9题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她对任何有志向的冒险者的建议是不要担心别人可能作出什么评论。空处引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，指别人“说的话”，应用what引导。故填what。【10题详解】考查代词。句意：如果我听了他们的话，我绝不会做成任何一件事。根据句意及空后的“ofit”可知，这里指其中的“任何”一个。故填any。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.E-ScootersA.regardlessB.chargedC.optionD.mostlyE.transformative.F.poweredG.connectivityH.prospectsI.popularityJ.championsK.invasionOverthepasttwoyears,electricscootershavebecomeever-presentinmanyofEuropeandAmerica'sbiggestcities.BritainisthelastmajorwesternEuropeancountrytoholdoutagainstthe___11___.E-scootersarenot

5allowedonpublicroads,thoughpeopledoridethemoncycleLanesandpavements___12___.Butwheretheyarepermittede-scootersharingcompanies.3upinlargenumbers.Totheir___13___,e-scootersarerevolutionary:the"iPhoneOfurbantransport".Totheircritics,theyaredangerous,anti-socialandveryannoying.Aswithadockless(无桩)bike，scootersarefittedwithGPStrackersandwireless___14___CustomersdownloadanappandscanaQRcodeonthescootertounlockit.Theyarethen___15___asmallamount.Bird,whichlauncheditse-scooterinSantaMonica,CaliforniainSeptember2017charges$lplus15centsperminute,onaverage,intheUS-totravelwheretheywanttogo,atamaximumspeedofaround15mph.Atnight,thescootersareroundedup,chargedandreturnedto____16____.E-Scootershavethepotentialtosolvesomeoftheworldsbiggesttransportproblems.Mostcitiesarealreadydangerouslypollutedandheavilycongested,anditissimplynota(n)____17____toputmorecarsandtaxisonthestreets.Scootersareefficient;onekilowatthourofenergycarriesonaverageacar___18___bypetrollessthanamile,andane-scooter80miles.Scootersareclean,cheap,andtheyrequirelittlenewinfrastructure.ForacountrylikecardependentAmerica,theycouldbegenuinely___19___roughly60%ofUSjourneysareundersixmiles,andmostofthetimedriversridealone.EveninEuropeancities,which_____20_____havegoodpublictransportsystems,theyareveryusefulfortravellingthe"finalmile".AccordingtoBird,40%oftaxi-ridingjourneysinLondonareundertwomiles,soe-scooterscouldhelptakealotofcarsoffthestreets.【答案】11.K12.A13.J14.G15.B16.I17.C18.F19.E20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：电动滑板车在许多欧美国的大的城市里盛行以及人们对电动滑板车在路上行驶的看法。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：英国是最后一个抵抗侵略的西欧大国。分析句子可知，空格处为holdoutagainst的宾语且空前有定冠词the，空格处应填名词invasion“侵略”，符合句意。故选K项。【12题详解】

6考查副词。句意：电动滑板车不允许在公共道路上行驶，不过人们还是会在自行车道上和人行道上骑电动滑板车。分析句子可知，空格处应为句子的修饰成分，副词regardless，意为“不顾后果地；不加理会；不管怎样，无论如何”，修饰句子，作状语，符合句意。故选A项。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：对他们的拥护者来说，电动滑板车是革命性的:“城市交通的iPhone”。对他们的批评者来说，他们是危险的，反社会的，非常烦人。根据前面形容性物主代词their可知，空格处应填名词champions“冠军；拥护者；战士”，Totheirchampions“对他们的拥护者来说”与后面Totheircritics“对他们的批评者来说”，形成对比符合句意。故选J项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：就像一辆无桩的自行车一样，电动滑板车都配有GPS追踪器和无线连接。根据前面形容词wireless“无线的”和下文“CustomersdownloadanappandscanaQRcode”可知，空格处应填名词connectivity“连通，连接”。故选G项。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：然后他们会被收取少量费用。分析句子可知，空格处应填谓语动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态，根据前文扫码解锁及下文平均收费为1美元外加每分钟15美分可知，动词charge“收费；要价”符合语境，此处用其过去分词形式。故选B项。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：到了晚上，电动滑板车就会被聚集起来，充电，然后恢复人气。分析句子可知，空格处为to的宾语，空格处应填名词popularity“人气；受欢迎；普及；流行；名气”，符合句意。故选I项。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：大多数城市已经受到严重污染和严重拥堵，在街上投放更多的汽车和出租车是不可能的。分析句子可知，空格前文是a(n)，空格处应填名词option“选项；选择权；买卖的特权”，符合句意。故选C项。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：电动滑板车是有效的；一千瓦小时的能量平均能使一辆汽油驱动的汽车行驶不到一英里，而一辆电动滑板车行驶80英里。分析句子可知，空格处应填谓语动词的过去分词形式作定语修饰car，power“激励；供以动力；使…有力量”为动词，一辆汽油驱动的汽车符合句意。故选F项。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：对于一个像美国这样依赖汽车的国家，他们可能会真正改变我们大约60%的在6英里以下的行程，而且大多数时间司机都是独自驾车。分析句子可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，transformative“变化的，变形的；有改革能力的；改变的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。

7【20题详解】考查副词。句意：即使是在大多数拥有良好公共交通系统的欧洲城市，它们对于“最后一英里”的旅行也非常有用。分析句子可知，空格处应为句子的修饰成分，副词mostly，意为“大多数地”，修饰谓语动词，作状语，符合句意。故选D项。【点睛】做选词填空题重在对全文句意的整体把握和句子成分的分析。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextTheteenageyearsofanindividualismarkedbyevaluatingone'svalues,experiencingashiftinoutlooks,andatendencytoactrebellious.Itcanalsobeatimewhensomeonebecomesextremely___21___tonegativeinfluences,andisdrawntowardsdangeroussituations.Ontheotherhand,forparents,theperiodoftheirchildren'sadolescencemeansregularlyworryingabouttheirsafetyandformationasacitizen.Thus,amethodof___22___teenagers'securityisneeded,andcurfews(宵禁)areoftenseenassuchameasure，sincetheyhaveprovedtheir___23___thesametime,certainpeculiaritiesexistaboutestablishingcurfewsforchildren.TheissueofteenagecurfewsiswidelydebatedintheUnitedStates,wherethismethodisstillrather___24___,andinEuropeandemocracies,wherethismeasureisyetnotsowidelyused.Thefirstandforemostreasonforestablishingcurfewsischildren'ssecurity.___25___curfewsrequireteenagersunder17yearstostayoutofstreetsstartingfrom11p.m.ormidnight.Thisisbelievedtoprotectthemfromcrimescommittedafternightfall,aswellasfrombreakingthelaw,andthereexistsseriousevidence___26___thisbelief.Forexample,whenNewOrleansenabledadusk-til-dawncurfewin1994,theratesofjuvenilecrimewerereportedtofallmorethan20percent.Evenmoreimpressive___27___wererecordedinDallas,whichreporteda30-percentdecreaseinviolentjuvenilecrime,anda21-percentdecreaseintheoverallratesofcrimescommittedbyyoungpeople(TheNewYorkTimes).Ontheotherhand,curfewscanbeseenasapreventivemeasurethatrobyoungpeopleoftheirrights,___28___theirfreedom.Thisopinionis___29___supportedbythefactthatcurfewviolations(违规)andtherespectivechargesareamongthemostoftencommittedjuvenilecrimesintheUnitedStates.___30___,therewerereportsclaimingthatpolicearrestedmorenon-whiteteenagersforcurfewviolations.Allthiscancauseateenagertobelievetheyhavecrossedapsychologicallinedividingthemascriminals;thus,suchteenagersmaystarttoseethemselvesasoutlaws,whichcan___31___committingmoreseriouscrimesthanacurfewoffense.Whatisimportantforaparenttorememberwhenestablishingacurfewfortheirchildrenisthatateenager'smisjudgedviewofcertain___32___maycausethemtomisbehaveinsomeotherway;thisisprovedbyresearch

8conductedbytheUniversityofMinnesota,accordingtowhichteenstendtoprotestagainstwhattheyseeas___33___.Consideringthis,parentsshould___34___theauthoritarianstyleofestablishingcurfews;instead,theyshouldhaveaconversationwiththeirteenagerthatwouldbeaimedatfindingidealconditionsforacurfewthatwould___35___bothsides.21.A.opposedB.subjectedC.relatedD.restricted22.A.improvingB.restoringC.ensuringD.expanding23.A.principleB.referenceC.approachD.efficiency24.A.popularB.absentC.practicalD.accessible25.A.TypicalB.EvidentC.CriticalD.Specific26.A.inplaceofB.inhonorofC.incaseofD.infavorof27.A.resultsB.eventsC.patternsD.links28.A.protectingB.acknowledgingC.limitingD.liberating29.A.officiallyB.logicallyC.particularlyD.physically30.A.BycontrastB.InadditionC.InconclusionD.Ingeneral31.A.takechargeofB.contributetoC.resultfromD.dealwith32.A.rulesB.chargesC.crimesD.relations33.A.impoliteB.unrealisticC.inadequateD.unfair34.A.adoptB.allowC.avoidD.address35.A.satisfyB.spareC.surroundD.settle【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.A26.D27.A28.C29.C30.B31.B32.A33.D34.C35.A【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。为了确保青少年的安全，国家对他们实行了宵禁。宵禁降低了青少年的犯罪率，非常有效，但在一定程度上限制了青少年的自由和权利。本文对宵禁这一举措的优点和缺点进行了论述。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：它也可能是这样一段时间，在这段时间一个人变得非常容易受负面影响，并被危险的情况所吸引。A.opposed反对；B.subjected受控制，受影响；C.related联系；D.restricted受限制。根据后面的“andisdrawntowardsdangeroussituations（被危险的情况所吸引）”可知，被危险的情况所吸引，自然易受消极的负面的事物所影响。故选B。【22题详解】

9考查动词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种措施，因为宵禁证明了其有效性。A.improving提高，改善；B.restoring恢复；C.ensuring确保；D.expanding扩大。根据上句“forparents,theperiodoftheirchildren'sadolescencemeansregularlyworryingabouttheirsafetyandformationasacitizen.”可知，对于父母来说，孩子的青春期意味着要经常担心他们作为一个公民的安全。那么宵禁就是确保（ensure）他们的安全的一种措施。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种安全措施，因为宵禁证明了其有效性。A.principle原则；B.reference参与；C.approach方法；D.efficiency效率。下文主要叙述了在美国对青少年宵禁相当普遍并卓有成效的例子。可知，宵禁是有效的。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：对青少年宵禁的问题在美国广受争议，这种方法在美国仍然相当流行，而在欧洲民主国家，这一措施尚未得到如此广泛的应用。A.popular流行的，受欢迎的；B.absent缺席的；C.practical实用的；D.accessible可得到的。根据空前的“TheissueofteenagecurfewsiswidelydebatedintheUnitedStates”青少年宵禁问题在美国广受争议，以及后面的“thismethodisstillrather__4__”中的转折副词still，表示与前面的句意相反，可知这种方法虽然备受争议，但在美国仍然相当流行。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：典型的宵禁要求17岁以下的青少年从晚上11点开始不要上街。A.Typical典型的，有代表性的；B.Evident明显的；C.Critical批评的；D.Specific具体的。根据后面的举例，宵禁的时间及针对的人群可知，这种宵禁非常典型。故选A。【26题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：这被认为可以保护他们免受夜幕降临后的罪行，以及违法行为的侵害，而且有确凿的证据支持这一观点。A.inplaceof代替；B.inhonorof纪念；C.incaseof以防；D.infavorof支持。下文举例说明这种宵禁使青少年犯罪率下降了，可知，这些都能支持（infavorof）这一种措施的可行性。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：达拉斯的结果更令人印象深刻，(纽约时报)报告称青少年暴力犯罪率下降了30%，青少年犯罪总犯罪率下降了21%。A.results结果；B.events事件；C.patterns模式；D.links链接。犯罪率的下降就是这种措施的结果（results）。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：另一方面，宵禁可被视为剥夺年轻人的权利，限制他们的自由的一种预防措施。A.protecting保护；B.acknowledging承认；C.limiting限制；D.liberating解放。根据宵禁期间，青少年在晚上11点后不准上街，可知，宵禁限制（limit）了他们的自由。故选C。

10【29题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持：违反宵禁和相关指控是美国青少年最常犯下的犯罪之一。A.officially官方地；B.logically逻辑地；C.particularly尤其；D.physically身体上。根据“thatcurfewviolations(违规)andtherespectivechargesareamongthemostoftencommittedjuvenilecrimesintheUnitedStates.”可知这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持。故选C。【30题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：此外，有报道称警方因宵禁逮捕了更多违反规定的非白人青少年。A.Bycontrast相比；B.Inaddition此外；C.Inconclusion总之；D.Ingeneral一般地。上文说了宵禁限制了青少年的自由，后面又举一例，可知，空格处要用此外（Inaddition）。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有这些都会使青少年认为他们已经越过了将自己划分为罪犯的心理防线；因此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法分子，这可能会导致犯下比宵禁罪更严重的罪行。A.takechargeof负责；B.contributeto促使，有助于；C.resultfrom由于；D.dealwith处理。分析前后两句的内容，可知青少年认为自己是不法分子，这会促使（contributeto）他们犯下更重的罪行。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：在为孩子制定宵禁令时，父母要记住的一点是，青少年对某些规定的错误判断可能会导致他们在其他方面的不当行为。A.rules规定；B.charges费用；C.crimes犯罪；D.relations关系。宵禁令是一种规定（rule）。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：由明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明这一点，根据该研究，青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的事情。A.impolite不礼貌的；B.unrealistic不现实的；C.inadequate不足的；D.unfair不公平的。根据“protestagainst(抗议)”可知，青少年认为这是不公平的的事，会进行抗议。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格；相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A.adopt采纳，收养；B.allow允许；C.avoid避免；D.address解决。上文说青少年在认为某事对自己不公平时会抗议。以及“haveaconversationwiththeirteenagerthatwouldbeaimedatfindingidealconditions”可知，要与青少年进行一次旨在找到理想条件的谈话，家长要避免（avoid）专制。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格;相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A.satisfy满足；B.spare留出，抽出；C.surround包围；D.settle

11解决。上文说要与青少年对话，不能专制，目的就是让双方满意（satisfy）。故选A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread(A)E-cigarettesBan:GoodnewsforTobacco?Theproposedbanonflavorede-cigarettesmaydrivemanyAmericansbacktocigarettessaidChristopherPalmeriandJeffGreenintheLosAngeTimes.Respondingtoanoutbreakofhundredsofseriouslungillnessesfromvapes(电子烟)thatkilledaseventhpersonthisweek,FDA(食物药品监管局)willoutlaweverythingbuttobacco-flavored-cigarettes,asMichiganandNewYorkstaterecentlydid.Flavorslikebutteredpopcornandmangohelpedcreate"anexplosion"inteenvaping.Buthundredsofthousandsofteensalreadyaddictedtonicotine-and9millionadultswhovape--maysimplyreplacevapingwithtobaccoproducts.Bybanningfavoredvapesthegovernmentmaybe"closingthesheddoorafterthehorsehasgottenout."Nobodyvapes"becausetheflavorissoamazing,"saidDavidMarcusinTheFederalistcom.That'swhythebanissoclueless."Ifkidswanttotastebubblegum,theycanbuy,youknow,bubblegum."VapinggiantslikeJuulneedtobehonestaboutthefactthatthey’reinthenicotinebusiness,andmonitorthemselvesaccordingly.Theyshouldspendbillionsensuringthatstoresdon’tselltominorsinsteadoftoutingthe"scientificconclusion"thate-cigarettesaresaferthansmoking.Theburninginvolvedinsmokingcigarettescreatestarandabunchofchemicalsnotpresentine-cigarettes'wateryvapor.True,butnicotineisalsoadangerousandaddictivedrugandvapingliquiditselfcontainschemicalsthatdamagebloodvessels(血管)."Theideaofsafesmoking"is"alie,"andthevapingindustry'sfruit-andcandy-flavoredpods"areproofofevilintent.""Themassiveincreaseinteenvapers"isareasonableconcern,saidRobertGebelhoffinWashingtonPost.com.Buttheevidencesuggeststhatthelungillnessesthatledthegovernmenttoactwerecausedbyblack-marketproductscutwithdangeroussubstance.Banningfavoredvapeswillonlydrivemorenicotineaddictsandteenstotheblackmarket,whichwillbehappytoprovidefruitypods.Insteadofbanningflavors,thegovernment"shouldempowertheFDAtofullyregulatetheindustry."Thatwouldletscience,"notpanic,guideourpolicy."36.Whatledtotheproposedbanone-cigarettes?A.Popularflavorslikemangoledtoteennicotineaddiction.

12B.Thelackofproperlegalsupervisioninthevapingindustry.C.Anincreasednumberofdeathsresultingfromlungdiseases.D.Thesharpincreaseinthesaleofunhealthytobaccoproducts.37.Whatmighthappenifthebantakeseffect?A.FDAwouldregulatethetobaccoindustrymoreeffectively.B.Thevapingindustrywouldbemorestrictlymonitored.C.Theevilintentofthevapingindustrywouldberevealed.D.Thetobaccoindustrymightregainitspreviousglory.38.Theunderlinedword"touting"probablymeans________.A.PromotingB.challengingC.assumingD.tolerating39.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsvapeban?A.Supportive.B.DisapprovingC.UninterestedD.Impartial.【答案】36.C37.D38.A39.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国发布加香型电子烟禁令的原因以及对吸电子烟的人尤其是青少年以及电子烟行业和香烟行业的影响，同时作者也表达了自己对禁令和电子烟的看法。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Respondingtoanoutbreakofhundredsofseriouslungillnessesfromvapes(电子烟)thatkilledaseventhpersonthisweek,FDA(食物药品监管局)willoutlaweverythingbuttobacco-flavored-cigarettes...(由于电子烟造成的严重的肺病爆发，这个周内造成了7人死亡，作为回应，FDA宣布除了烟草味的烟，其余的烟都是不合法的)”由此可知，就是因为由于电子烟造成的死于肺病的人的增加，才有了对电子烟的禁令，故选C。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theproposedbanonflavorede-cigarettesmaydrivemanyAmericansbacktocigarettes(对有香味电子烟的禁令可能使美国人开始吸香烟)”以及根据第二段中“Buthundredsofthousandsofteensalreadyaddictedtonicotine-and9millionadultswhovape--maysimplyreplacevapingwithtobaccoproducts.(但是成千上万对尼古丁上瘾的青少年以及900万吸电子烟的成年人只会用烟草产品取代电子烟。)”由此可知，如果对电子烟的禁令生效，那么这些人会用烟草产品，那么烟草工业会更兴盛，烟草业可能会重拾昔日的辉煌，故选D。

13【38题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“VapinggiantslikeJuulneedtobehonestaboutthefactthatthey’reinthenicotinebusiness,andmonitorthemselvesaccordingly.Theyshouldspendbillionsensuringthatstoresdon’tselltominorsinsteadoftoutingthe"scientificconclusion"thate-cigarettesaresaferthansmoking.(像Juul这样的电子烟大企业要知道他们也是尼古丁产业，也要依照禁令监督自己。他们应该花钱来确保商店不向未成年人出售电子烟，而不是tout电子烟比吸烟更安全这个“科学论断”。)”结合选项，可知，作为电子烟企业，在没有禁令之前，在宣传自己产品时，会“推销”电子烟比吸烟更安全这个“科学论断”，“touting”意思是推销，故选A。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Bybanningfavoredvapesthegovernmentmaybe"closingthesheddoorafterthehorsehasgottenout."(禁止香味电子烟，政府就像“马出来后关上棚门”)”可知作者认为这个禁令没有意义。再结合第三段中“Nobodyvapes"becausetheflavorissoamazing,"saidDavidMarcusinTheFederalistcom.That'swhythebanissoclueless(DavidMarcus在TheFederalist网站上说，没有人吸电子烟是因为它不错的味道。这是禁令毫无根据的原因。)”可知作者认为禁令毫无根据。以及最后一段中“Insteadofbanningflavors,thegovernment"shouldempowertheFDAtofullyregulatetheindustry.(与其禁止带香味的电子烟，政府不如授权给FDA来全面地规范这个行业。)”综合可推断作者对禁令是不赞同的态度，故选B。(B)Alsoofinterest...infamilydramasTheTravelersbyReginaPorter(Hogarth,$27)ThoughReginaPorter’sformallydaringfirstnovel“canfeeltoomuchlikeajigsawpuzzle,”itachievesa“simplystunning”levelofcomplexity,saidMengJinintheSanFraciscoChronicle.Asthefirst-timenovelisttellsthestoriesoftwoGeorgiafamilies—oneblack,onewhite—sheweavestogethereventsfrom1946to2010whiledeftlyshiftingbetweenplay-likedialogue,straightnarrative,andvariousothermodes.Notonecharacterisamereextra,andtheimpressiveresult“looksverymuchlikelife.”AskAgain,YesbyMaryBethKeane(Scribner,$27)MaryBethKeane’snewnovelis“oneofthemostunpretentiouslyprofoundbooksI’vereadinalongtime,”saidMaureenCorriganinNPR.org.In1973NewYorkCity,tworookiecopsforgeafriendshipthatshapesthelivesoftheIrish-Americanfamiliestheyraisesidebysideinanearbysuburb.Becauseeachchapteristoldfromanewperspective,wecometoknowalmosteverymemberofthosefamilies,andKeane“beautifullydramatizes”how

14livesarebuiltonaseriesofhappenstances,includingtragicones.NativeCountryoftheHeartbyCherrieMoraga(Farrar,Straus&Giroux,$26)“Thismemoir’sbeautyisinitsfierceintimacy,”saidRoyHoffmaninTheNewsYorkTimes.PlaywrightCherrieMoragamakeshermothertheheroineofthebook,bringingthelateimmigrant’sstorytolife“withapoet’sverve.”Mexican-bornElviraMoraga,whopickedcottoninCaliforniaat11,soldcigarettesinTijuanaat14,andneverlearnedtoread,becametheheartandsoulofalargeextendedfamily.Here,she’sacharactertooresonanttobemerelyemblematic.TheEdgeofEveryDaybyMarinSardy(Pantheon,$26)Mentalillnessleavesnooneinafamilyuntouched,saidAlisonVanHouteninOutside.Inabookwhosenonlinearstructure“mimicstheerraticnatureofschizophrenia,”essayistMarinSardybringingthedescribeshowthedisorderstruckhermotherandabrother,scramblinglifeforallthechildren.Hermother’sparanoiddelusionsdisruptedtheirschooling;yearslater,Sardy’sbrother,afterrefusinghelp,committedsuicide.“Howdoesoneleadanysemblanceofanormallifeundersuchcircumstances?”Sardyshowsushow.Note:1.resonant:共振的，共鸣的2.emblematic:象征的，典型的3.nonlinear:非线性的4.schizophrenia:精神分裂症40.Whichbooktouchesuponapersonalfamilytragedy?A.TheTravelers.B.AskAgain,Yes.C.NativeCountryoftheHeart.D.TheEdgeofEveryDay.41.WhichofthefollowingabouteachbookisTRUE?A.TheTravelerstellsastraightforwardstoryabouttwoGeorgiafamilies.B.ThethreadrunningthroughAskAgain,YesisIrishwayoflife.C.NativeCountryoftheHeartwaswritteninmemoryofElviraMoraga.D.TheEdgeofEveryDaydescribesone’sstruggleagainstmentaldiseases.42.Whatdothefourbookshaveincommon?A.Theywerepublishedbythesamepublishinghouse.B.Theybelongtohesametypeofliteraryworks.C.Thestorieswerellsetinthelastcentury.D.Theyrepresentedthepeaklevelofeachwriter.

15【答案】40.C41.B42.B【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是让人感兴趣的家庭戏剧。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章小标题“NativeCountryoftheHeart”下的“Mexican-bornElviraMoraga,whopickedcottoninCaliforniaat11,soldcigarettesinTijuanaat14,andneverlearnedtoread,becametheheartandsoulofalargeextendedfamily.Here,she’sacharactertooresonanttobemerelyemblematic.”可知，埃尔维拉·莫拉加出生于墨西哥，11岁时在加利福尼亚摘棉花，14岁时在提华纳卖香烟，从未学会阅读，却成为了一个大家庭的核心和灵魂。在这里，她是一个太有共鸣的角色，而不仅仅是象征性的。由此可知，这本书涉及到一个个人的家庭悲剧。故选C。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据文章小标题“AskAgain,Yes”下的“In1973NewYorkCity,tworookiecopsforgeafriendshipthatshapesthelivesoftheIrish-Americanfamiliestheyraisesidebysideinanearbysuburb.Becauseeachchapteristoldfromanewperspective,wecometoknowalmosteverymemberofthosefamilies”可知，1973年的纽约，两个新警察在附近的郊区建立了友谊，这友谊塑造了他们共同抚养的爱尔兰裔美国家庭的生活。因为每一章都是从一个新的视角讲述的，所以我们几乎了解了这些家庭的每一个成员。由此可知，AskAgain,Yes描述的是爱尔兰人的生活方式。故选B。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的题目“Alsoofinterest…infamilydramas”可知，文章主要介绍的书都是家庭剧，即它们属于同一类型的文学作品。故选B。(C)MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshavebeenkilledbywildcats.Thesepredator(扑食者),whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennativewildlife-andaretooplentifulonthemainlandtoeliminate,ashasbeenachievedonsomesmallislandswhichwerepreviouslyfilledwiththem.ButAlexandraRossoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesthinksshehascomeupwithadifferentwaytodealwiththeproblem.AsshewritesinapaperintheJournalofAppliedEcology,sheisgivingfeline(猫科的)-awarenesslessonstowildanimalsinvolvedinherintroductionprograms,inordertotrytomakethemcat-conscious.ManyAustralianmammalsthoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcat-freehabitat.Thiswill,however,puttheforcedmigrantsbackinthesightsofthecatsthatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Trainingthemigrantswhiletheyareincaptivity,usingstuffedmodelsandthesortsofsoundsmadebycats,has

16provedexpensiveandineffective.MsRossthereforewonderedwhetherputtingtheminlargenaturalenclosureswithascatteringofpredatorsmightserveasaformoftrainingcamptopreparethemforintroductionintotheirnew,cat-riddenhomes.Shetestedthisideaonatypeofbandicoot(袋狸)thatsuperficiallyresemblesarabbit.Sheandhercolleaguesraisedtwohundredbandicootsinahugeenclosurethatalsocontainedfivewildcats.Asacontrol,sheraisedanearlyidenticalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.Sheleftanimalstogetonwithlifefortwoyears,which,giventhatbandicootsbreedfourtimesayearandliveforaroundeightyears,wasaconsiderableperiodforthem.Aftersomepredation(扑食)andprobablysomelearning,sheabstracted21bandicootfromeachenclosure,attachedradiotransmitterstothemandreleasedthemintoathirdenclosurethathadtenhungrycatsinit.Shethenmonitoredwhathappenednext.Theoutcomewasthatthetrainingworked.Overthesubsequent40daystenoftheuntrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.Oneparticularbehavioraldifferenceshenoticedwasthatbandicootsbroughtupinapredator-freeenvironmentweremuchmorelikelytosleepalonethanwerethosebroughtuparoundcats.Andwhenarearound,sleepingaloneisdangerous.Howwellbandicootsthathaveundergonethisextremetrainingwillsurviveinthewildremainstobeseen.ButMsRosshasatleastprovreasonforhope.43.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraph?A.Thefeline-awarenesslessonshaveprovedineffective.B.TherearetoomanywildcatstobekilledinAustralia.C.Differentwayshavebeentriedtohuntandkillwildlife.D.Nativewildlifehasbeenthreatenedbygrowingpopulation44.Theforcedmigrantsinthesecondparagraphreferto_______A.AustralianmammalsrestrictedtocertainareasB.ThewildcatstrackingdownthemammalsC.WildanimalsinvolvedintheprogramD.Thepredatorscapturedbytheanimaltrainers45.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthefirsttwoenclosures?A.Theywerebothcloselymonitored.B.Theyhad200bandicootsintotal.CTheyhadsimilarnaturalenvironment.D.Theybothhadwildcatsinthem.

1746.WhatwasthefindingofMsRoss’researchproject?A.Untrainedbandicootsfailedtoidentifycats.B.Trainingbandicootspreparedthemtofightcats.C.Sleepingaloneinthewildwasdangerous.D.Bandicootscouldbetrainedtoavoidpredators.【答案】43.B44.A45.C46.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了二十多种澳大利亚哺乳动物已经被野猫灭绝了，并且，野猫还在威胁着当地哺乳动物的生命。南威尔士大学的亚历山德拉·罗斯经过试验发现，哺乳动物可以被训练来躲避捕食者。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshavebeenkilledbywildcats.Thesepredator,whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennativewildlife(超过二十种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死。这些捕食者是随欧洲殖民者抵达的，它们仍然威胁着当地的野生动物)”可知，超过二十种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死，并且这些捕食者仍然威胁着当地的野生动物。因此，从第一段可以了解到在澳大利亚，野猫杀之不尽。故选B项。【44题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“ManyAustralianmammals,thoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcat-freehabitat.(很多澳大利亚哺乳动物，虽然并没有灭绝，却被限制在没有猫的栖息地内)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是“但这将使这些被迫移民者回到猫科动物的视野中，这是问题产生的根源”，其中“forcedmigrants”指的是限于某些地区的澳大利亚哺乳动物。故选A项。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Asacontrol,sheraisedanearlyidenticalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.(作为对照，她在一个类似的围场里饲养了几乎相同数量的兔耳袋狸，但里边没有野猫)”可知，作为对照，第二个围栏和第一个围栏有相似的自然环境，只是里面没有野猫。因此，前两个围栏有相似的自然环境。故选C项。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theoutcomewasthatthetrainingworked.Overthesubsequent40daystenoftheuntrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.(结果是训练奏效了。在随后的40天里，十只未经培训的动物被猫吃掉了，而经过培训的动物只有四只被猫吃掉)”可知，实验发现，与没有经过训练的袋狸鼠比起来，训练过的袋狸鼠更能够躲避被夜猫吃掉，即袋狸数可以被训练避开捕食者。故选D项。SectionC

18Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TheSecretGarden-AClassicalNovelaboutHopeandRedemptionTheSecretGardenisapopularworkofchildren'sliterature.Thenovelissetintheearly1900s!ThemaincharacterisMaryLennox,a10-year-oldBritishgirl.___47___MaryisthensenttolivewithherwealthyuncleArchibaldCraven,whoownsalargeestateinthecountryside.Atfirst,Maryisboredbythepeopleshemeetsaswellastheslowpaceofrurallife.Oneday,amaidtellsMaryaboutahiddengardenthatMrs.Cravenkeptbeforeherdeath.ThetaleofMrs.Craven'ssecretenclosureawakensMary'scuriosity.Shemakesithermissiontofindoutmoreaboutthemysteriousgarden.Whileexploringtheproperty,sheseesarobinrestingonamoundofdirt.Marydigsthroughthesoilandfindsthekeytothelockedgardendoor.___48___Shedecidestodowhateverittakestobringthesecretgardenbacktolife.Meanwhile,Marystartstohearhauntingcriesontheestateatnight.Oneevening,shefollowsthesoundsanddiscoversMr.Craven’sson,Colin.MarylearnsthatColinisillandcan’twalk.___49___Mr.CravenorderedhisservantstocareforColinbutwouldnevervisitbecausehissonremindedhimofhiswife.MaryandColinbecomegoodfriends.MaryconvincesCointhathecanusehismindtoovercomehisillness.___50___There,theymeetBenWeather-staff,oneofMr.Craven’sservants.Theyalldecidetoworktogethertorestorethearea.Whentheirworkisfinished,theyplanasurpriseforMr.Craven.Hearrivesatthegardenandfindstheflowersinbloom,justliketheywerewhenhiswifewasalive.Moreimportantly,he’soverjoyedtoleanthatColinhasbecomeahealthyboy.Theirrelationshipisrepaired,andtheylookforwardtoabrighterfuture.A.Onceayear,BenvisitsthegardentohonorMrs.Craven'smemory.B.Herlifeisturnedupsidedownwhenherparentssuddenlydiefromaterribledisease.C.Duetohispoorhealth,doctorspredictedhewoulddieanearlydeath.D.Atthestartofthenovel,manycharactersaresufferingandgoingthroughhardtimes.E.Oneday,sheputshiminawheelchairandtakeshimtothesecretgarden.F.Inside,shefindsthatmanyoftheforgottenplantsarealmostdead.【答案】47.B48.F49.C50.E【解析】这是一篇小说。文章介绍了《秘密花园》这部儿童作品的主要内容。

19【47题详解】根据下一句“MaryisthensenttolivewithherwealthyuncleArchibaldCraven,whoownsalargeestateinthecountryside.(玛丽随后被送到她富有的叔叔阿奇博尔德·克雷文那里生活，他在乡下拥有一大片地产。)”可知，该空应该陈述玛丽家庭的变故。这个变故导致玛丽被送到叔叔家去生活。结合选项，B选项（当她的父母突然死于一种可怕的疾病时，她的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。）符合语境。故选B。【48题详解】根据上一句“Marydigsthroughthesoilandfindsthekeytothelockedgardendoor.（玛丽在土里挖了挖，找到了锁着的花园门的钥匙。）”可以推知，该空应该提到她在花园里看到的情景。根据下一句“Shedecidestodowhateverittakestobringthesecretgardenbacktolife(她决定不惜一切代价让秘密花园复活。)”可知，该句应提到秘密花园处于荒废状态。结合选项，F选项（在里面，她发现许多被遗忘的植物几乎都死了。）符合语境。故选F。【49题详解】根据前一句“MarylearnsthatColinisillandcan’twalk.(玛丽得知科林病了，不能走路)”可知，该空承接上文，应该继续陈述关于科林的情况。结合选项，C选项（由于他的健康状况不佳，医生预测他会英年早逝。）符合语境，故选C。【50题详解】根据前一句“MaryconvincesCointhathecanusehismindtoovercomehisillness.(玛丽使科林相信他可以用自己的头脑来克服疾病。)”可知，下文应该介绍玛丽如何帮助科林战胜疾病。根据后一句“There,theymeetBenWeather-staff,oneofMr.Craven’sservants.(在那儿，他们遇到了本·威瑟斯塔夫，克莱文先生的一个仆人。)”可知，该空应该提到一个地点。结合选项，E选项（一天，她把他放在轮椅上，带他去秘密花园。）符合语境，故选E。IV.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Haveyoueverheardyourownvoiceplayedback?Otherpeoplehearusdifferentlyfromhowwehearourselves.Thesameistrueofhowweseeourselves.Eachofushasadifferentself-concept.Ourself-conceptistheviewyouhaveofyourself.Itmayormaynotmirrorthewayotherpeopleviewyou.Thismuchisclear.Havingapositiveself-conceptisanimportantpartofgoodmentalhealth.Yourself-conceptstartsformingwhenyouareveryyoung.Parentsorguardiansarethefirstandgreatestinfluence.Howtheyspeaktoyouandtreatyouhavealastingeffect.Grandparentssisters,brothers,andrelativeshaveaneffecttoo.Yourskillsandabilitiesalsoshapeyourself-concept.Youmayseeyourselfasagoodbasketball

20playeroragoodsinger.Youmayfeelyouaregoodatwritingstoriesbutaverageinmath.Howyouviewyourtalentsandabilitiesinfluencesyouroverallself-concept.Developingapositiveself-conceptisanimportantpartofemotionalhealth.Focusonyourstrengthsratherthanyourweaknesses.Whenyoufocusonyourweaknesses,youmaybegintofeelthatyouarenotgoodatanything.Instead,identifywhatyoudowellandwhatyouenjoydoingThiswillhelpyoudevelopapositiveself-concept.Seeingyourselfinapositivewaywillhelpyoufeelgoodaboutyourself.Familymembers,friends,andteachersreinforce,orsupportyourself-conceptthroughmessages.Someofthemessagesfrompeoplearoundyouarespokenorwritten.Otherstaketheformoflooksorgestures."Waytogo!"isanexampleofapositivewordmessage.Youmaythinkyoudidwellonaschoolproject.HavingyourParentorteachertellyouthatyoudidagoodjobreinforcesyourbelief.Keepinmindthatsendingpositivemessagesisatwo-waystreet.Whenyousupportothers,theyarelikelytosupportyou,too.【答案】Formingatyourearlyage,yourself-conceptisinfluencedbyfamilymembersandthewaythatyouviewyourtalentsandabilities.Apositiveself-conceptisofgreatimportancetoyourmentalhealth.Todothis,itissuggestedthatyoushouldfocusonyourstrengthsinsteadofyourweaknesses.Peoplearoundyoucansupportyourself-conceptintheformofspokenorwrittenmessagesorbodylanguage.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，自我认知是你对你自己的看法，它形成于一个人成长早期，受到父母，家庭成员以及亲戚的影响，当然一个人的技能和能力也会对它有影响。发展积极的自我认知对一个人健康的精神状态非常重要。你可以多关注自己的优点，以积极的方式看待自己让你自我感觉良好。也可以让家庭成员或者周围的人能通过口头或书面语言、表情或者手势等信息支持你的自我认知。要记住，你也要多支持他们。【详解】1要点摘录①.Havingapositiveself-conceptisanimportantpartofgoodmentalhealth.②.Yourself-conceptstartsformingwhenyouareveryyoung.Parentsorguardiansarethefirstandgreatestinfluence.Grandparentssisters,brothers,andrelativeshaveaneffecttoo.Yourskillsandabilitiesalsoshapeyourself-concept.③.Focusonyourstrengthsratherthanyourweaknesses.

21④.Familymembers,friends,andteachersreinforce,orsupportyourself-conceptthroughmessages.2.缜密构思将第2要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。3.遣词造句Formingwhenyouareveryyoung,self-conceptisinfluencedbyparents,familymembersandrelativesandalsoshapedbyyourskillsandabilities.Ifyoufocusonyourstrengthsratherthanyourweaknesses,youwillhaveapositiveself-concept.Tosupportyourself-concept,peoplearoundyouusuallytaketheformofspokenorwrittenmessagesaswellaslooksorgestures.【点睛】[高分句型1]Formingatyourearlyage,yourself-conceptisinfluencedbyfamilymembersandthewaythatyouviewyourtalentsandabilities.此句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中forming现在分词作状语，that引导的定语从句表达高级。[高分句型2]：Todothis,itissuggestedthatyoushouldfocusonyourstrengthsinsteadofyourweaknesses.此句对第三段进行了概括，todo目的状语以及it用作形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，且从句中出现should+动词原形这种虚拟语气的用法，表达非常高级。[高分句型3]：Peoplearoundyoucansupportyourself-conceptintheformofspokenorwrittenmessagesorbodylanguage.此句概括了第四段内容。其中intheformof作状语用法比较高级。TranslationDirections;TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.她后悔自己做决定是基于情感而非理性。(regret)(汉译英)【答案】Sheregrettedthatherdecisionwasbasedonemotionratherthanreason.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为that引导宾语从句，主句主语为she，表示“后悔”应用动词regret，作谓语；从句中表示“决定”应用名词decision，作主语；表示“基于……”短语为bebasedon，后跟名词emotion，作宾语，表示“情感”；表示“而非，而不是”短语为ratherthan

22；表示“理性”可用名词reason。句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故翻译为Sheregrettedthatherdecisionwasbasedonemotionratherthanreason.53.玛丽对批评很敏感，所以你与她谈话时言词要谨慎。(careful)(汉译英)【答案】Maryisverysensitivetocriticism,soyouhavetobecarefulwithyourwordswhenyoutalktoher.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语、动词时态和主谓一致。句意：玛丽对批评很敏感，所以你与她谈话时言词要谨慎。Mary玛丽；besensitiveto对……敏感；very很，非常；criticism批评；so所以；you你；haveto不得不；becarefulwith为固定短语，意为“对……要谨慎”；when当……时候；talkto为固定短语，意为“与……谈话”；her她。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，Mary为单数名词，be动词用is；so连接并列句，后面的句子主语为you，谓语动词用原形，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为you，谓语动词使用原形。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Maryisverysensitivetocriticism,soyouhavetobecarefulwithyourwordswhenyoutalktoher.。54.在法庭上，他坚称自己没犯抢劫罪。(guilty)(汉译英)【答案】Incourt,heinsistedthathewasn'tguiltyofrobbery【解析】【分析】【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为that引导的宾语从句，主句主语为he，表示“坚称”应用insist，作主句谓语；从句中主语为he，表示“犯有……罪”短语为beguiltyof，后跟名词robbery，作宾语；表示“在法庭上”短语为incourt。结合句意，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故翻译为Heinsistedthathewasn'tguiltyofrobberyincourt.55.这些外观简朴设备齐全的流动医院，是从体育场馆和艺术画廊改造而来，用来治疗症状轻微的病人。(which)(汉译英)【答案】Thesemodest-looking,well-equippedmobilehospitals,whichareconvertedfromsportsstadiumsandartgalleries,areusedtotreatpatientswithmildsymptoms.【解析】【详解】考查动词、形容词、名词、定语从句，被动语态、时态和主谓一致。表示“流动的”，应用mobile。表示“改造”，应用convert。表示“轻微的”，应用mild。根据所给意思可知，该句是对这些流动医院的客观叙述，因此用一般现在时态。该句主要要表达的意思是：这些医院用来治疗症状轻微的病人。因此，“是从体育馆和艺术画廊改造而来”可用非限制性定语从句来表达，修饰“流动医院”。mobile

23hospitals和convert之间是被动关系，因此该从句应用被动语态，且主语是复数形式，根据主谓一致原则，谓语部分应为areconverted。引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导该从句。主句中，主语hospitals和use之间是被动关系，因此，主句应用被动语态，且根据主谓一致原则，谓语应用areused。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Thesemodest-looking,well-equippedmobilehospitals,whichareconvertedfromsportsstadiumsandartgalleries,areusedtotreatpatientswithmildsymptoms。VI.GuidedWriting56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.最近你们学校打算在每个教室安装CCTV系统（闭路电视监控系统）以更好了解学生的课堂行为。校长在学校的网站公布了此事，并征求学生的意见。请你给校方写封信，对此事发表看法，说明理由。【答案】CCTVsystem,isakindofhightechnologycamerathatishiddenatmisticalcorners.Theyarealwaysinschools.Thesecouldbegoodinaway,butcouldalsobebad.Firstly,thesecamerasinclassroomsareanadvantagetotests,sincewiththemwecouldclearlylookbackatifanyonehadcheated.Thiswouldbeaspyonstudent’shonestytoo,sincethereisevidence.However,iftherearethesecamerasspyingonthesestudents,theywouldnothavemuchofafreedomtolearn,whichwouldmakeabadimpactontheirpersonality.Allinall,Everycloudhasasliverlining.Arosehasitsthorns.Foreveryplusthereisaminus.Soitmattershowyouapplythistechnologytoreasonableuses.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是开放性作文，要求考生给学校写信，就在每个教室安装CCTV系统一事发表看法并说明理由。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分总法要求：就在每个教室安装CCTV系统一事发表看法并说明理由。第二步：列提纲（重点词汇）technology；hide；advantage；clearly；cheat；spy；evidence；freedom第三步：连词成句1.CCTVsystem,isakindofhightechnologycamerathatishiddenatmisticalcorners.2.Theyarealwaysinschools.

243.Thesecouldbegoodinaway,butcouldalsobebad.4.Firstly,thesecamerasinclassroomsareanadvantagetotests,sincewiththemwecouldclearlylookbackatifanyonehadcheated.5.Thiswouldbeaspyonstudent’shonestytoo,sincethereisevidence.6.However,iftherearethesecamerasspyingonthesestudents,theywouldnothavemuchofafreedomtolearn,whichwouldmakeabadimpactontheirpersonality.7.Allinall,Everycloudhasasliverlining.8.Arosehasitsthorns.9.Foreveryplusthereisaminus.10.Soitmattershowyouapplythistechnologytoreasonableuses.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（仅供参考）1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,notonly…but(also),including3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】[高分句型1]CCTVsystem,isakindofhightechnologycamerathatishiddenatmisticalcorners.that引导的定语从句。[高分句型2]Firstly,thesecamerasinclassroomsareanadvantagetotests,sincewiththemwecouldclearlylookbackatifanyonehadcheated.if引导的宾语从句。[高分句型3]However,iftherearethesecamerasspyingonthesestudents,theywouldnothavemuchofafreedomtolearn,whichwouldmakeabadimpactontheirpersonality.if引导的条件状语从句和which引导的定语从句。