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考点19宾语从句-名词性从句（重难考点精讲练）名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。预计2023年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。考向一名词性从句连接词的用法名词性从句的连接词主要有以下几种：从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1.that的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。☞ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.☞Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.☞Thereportthattherewillbeaseverestorminthenorthernareaisfalse.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；②有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；③介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；④当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。☞Hejudgedthat，becausehewasachild，hedidnotunderstandwine.☞Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.☞Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.(3)that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的＂先行词＋关系代词＂，即常说的＂先行词＋that＂。☞It’sashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.☞IwilldowhatIcan(do)tohelphim.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子学科网（北京）股份有限公司
1是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。☞TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)☞ThehopetheyexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)2.whether和if的用法。☞(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.(2)后面直接跟ornot时用whether。☞Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。☞Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.☞Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。☞Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。☞Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.☞Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。☞Thankyou，butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示＂不管＂、＂无论＂，而if不能。☞Whetherhecomesornot，wewillbeginourpartyontime.3.疑问词＋ever和nomatter＋疑问词的区别。(1)疑问词＋ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。☞Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.☞Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.(2)疑问词＋ever还可引导让步状语从句。☞Whoeverbreakstherule，hemustbepunished.☞Whateveryoudo，youmustdoitwell.(3)nomatter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。☞Nomatterwhatyoudo，youmustputyourheartintoit.☞Nomatterwhocomeslate，hemustbepunished.4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。☞Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.(同位语从句)☞Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.(定语从句)学科网（北京）股份有限公司
25.名词性从句中that不宜省略的几种情况宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略，但在以下情况时，that不宜省略。（1）当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。如：Theteachertoldthestudents(that)theyshouldhandintheirhomeworkthenextdayandthatthehomeworkmustbesignednamesbytheirparents.老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。（2）当that前面有插入语时，that不宜省略。如：LittleAlicedidn'tknow,I'msure,thathersisterwasgoingtoAmerica.我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。（3）省略答语中，that宾语从句单独出现时，that不可省略。如：—Whatdidhesay?他说了什么—ThathewouldvisittheGreatWall.(他说)他将会参观长城。（4）当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句之前时，that不宜省略。如：Janerealizedatoncethatshemustdowithitherself.珍立刻意识到她必须亲自处理那件事。(如省略that，atonce也可能修饰从句，是表示＂立刻意识到……＂，还是表示＂立刻去处理……＂，较为含糊)（5）当that宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时，that不宜省略。如：☞Tompromisedthatifhecouldearnasmuchas500dollarsinthismonth,hewouldbuyacomputerforhisbrother.汤姆许下诺言，如果他在这个月里能够赚到500美元，他就给他的弟弟买台电脑。（6）当that宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that一般不宜省略。如：☞Iwillnevertellanyonethatyouhaveeverbeenthere.我绝对不会告诉别人你曾经去过那儿。（7）当为了强调而把that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。如：Thattheywouldtaketheriskwasveryclear.他们将要冒这个险是很清楚的了。（8）当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，其宾语that从句中的that不宜省略。如：☞Maryhasmadeuphermindthatshewillstudyhardforthescholarship,soshecanhavethechancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.玛丽下定决心努力学习以获得奖学金资格，这样她就有机会出国深造了。（9）当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。如：Wethinkitimportantthatcollegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。（10）当引导同位语从句时，that一般不可省略，尤其当that与先行词处于分割情况时。如：☞Heheardthenewsthathisteamhadwon.他听到了他的队获胜的消息。☞Thereisafeelinginmethattheyarecheatingme.我有一种感觉他们在骗我。学科网（北京）股份有限公司
3（11）当that宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或是主语从句时，that不可省略。如：Thedoctorsaidthattakingexercisewasthebestwayoflosingweight.医生说运动是最好的减肥方式。1.Itisreportedthatanewschoolhasbeenbuiltin___wasadesertedvillageafewdecadesago.A. which B. what C. that D. where 2.Hesaidnothingexcept________hewillcometoherbirthdayparty.A. that B. what C. whether D. if3.Youmayhaveoneofthese；inotherwords，youmayhave________youchoose.A. whichever B. wherever C. whenever D. nomatterwhich4.Iwouldappreciate_________youcouldworkwithustocommunicatetotheAmericanpeople________therearenomorefundsavailableforfurtherimprovementofsocialsecurity.A. itthat,if B. that,if C. itif,that D. if,that5.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading.A. why B. where C. how D. when考向二宾语从句【难点梳理】1）宾语从句主要跟在动词、介词和某些形容词之后。Iwishhathewoudunderstandme.我希望他能理解我。Whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwellwecooperate.我们能否成功取决于我们合作得怎么样。注意：(1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。He'lltalktousaboutwhathappenedintheclassroom.他将给我们讲述课堂上发生的事情。(2)in,but,except等少数几个介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句，但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配，即inthat因为,butthat要不是,exceptthat除了。Thehighincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.个人所得税高是有害的，因为它可能使人们不愿意努力赚更多的钱。Hewouldhavefailedbutthatyouhelpedhim.若不是你帮助他，他会失败的。I’mafraidthatI’vemadeamistake.恐怕我犯了一个错误。学科网（北京）股份有限公司
42）引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether，if等连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等连接副词：when，where，why，how等1.连接词that，whether，if引导Ithink(that)youshouldturntotheteacherforhelp.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。Idon’tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。注意：whether/if都意为＂是否＂。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。（1）与ornot紧接连用时。Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.请让我知道你是否能来。（2）作介词的宾语从句时。Weareinterestedinwhetheryouwillattendthemeeting.我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2.连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导Sheaskedmewhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass.她问我班上谁的书法最好。I’lljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.我想到什么就说什么。3.连接副词when，where，why，how等引导DoyouknowwhentheancientOlympicGamesbegan?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?I’vebeenthinkingabouthowwecanmakethenewspapermoreinteresting.我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。4.宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。Heaskedmewhenwecouldsetoutthenextday.他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Didyoufindoutwhereshelosthercar?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?5.宾语从句的时态（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)Hesaidthathewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)Hesaidthattheywerehavingameetingatthattime.他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。学科网（北京）股份有限公司
5Theteachertoldusthatnothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他说光比声音传播得快。注意：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：①动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了惯例。②hate，like，take，owe，have，takeforgranted等表示＂喜欢；痛恨；认为＂的动词或动词短语和seeto表示＂注意，留意＂后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatthecarisinneutral.启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。③介词后的宾语从句。Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers.她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。④宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon’tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idon’tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不会来。【巧学妙记】宾语从句的用法速记口诀宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。1.Sheaskedme_______Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
6A. when B. where C. whether D. what2.MyfamilythinktheyknowalotaboutmebutIturnouttobealittledifferentfrom_______theythink.A. what B. that C. which D. how3.Itisdifficultforustoimagine_____lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.A. where B. what C. which D. why1．Thespokesmannoted_______someindividualsapparentlylackisnotthemeanstogetthecorrectinformation,butthecouragetoadmitthetruth.A．whetherB．thatC．whichD．what2．Fannyasked________madethatoddlookinglittlecatsopopular.A．whatwasitthatB．whatwasthatC．whatitwasthatD．whatthatwas3．Studentsshowgreatinterestin________ProfessorWilliampresentstotheminhisclass.A．whicheverB．whereverC．whateverD．however4．Allofusapplaudedtheproposal_____everycentshouldbeusedwhereitisneededmost.A．thatB．whatC．whichD．whether5．Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatlovingyourlifeis_____thekeytohappinesslies.A．whatB．whyC．whereD．whether6．—Thedesignersareoverthemoon.What'sup?—They'vereachedanagreementon_________thebonusesaretobedividedlater.A．whyB．howC．whereD．when7．Theonlytimemyfatherreallystopsthinkingaboutworkis_____ourwholefamilyareonvacation.A．thatB．whenC．whereD．which8．Thespokesmannoted______someindividualsapparentlylackisnotthemeanstogetthecorrectinformation,butthecourageandconsciencetoadmitthetruth.A．whichB．thatC．whetherD．what9．WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.A．whetherB．whyC．whatD．when10．Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A．whetherB．whereC．whichD．that学科网（北京）股份有限公司
711．Airpollutionisabigproblem.Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.A．whetherB．whatC．howD．that12．________isknowntoallisthattheoutstandingacademicatmosphere,aswellasvariousfestivalsandsports,________manystudentstoourschool.A．It：drawB．Which：drawC．What：drawsD．As：draws13．Idon’tdoubt________hewillcometomorrow,butIdodoubt________hewillcomeontime.A．that;whetherB．whether;whetherC．that;thatD．whether;that14．Thefact________hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A．whatB．thatC．whichD．why15．________studentsdoatthecollegemattersmuchmorethanwheretheytravel.A．WhichB．WhereC．WhatD．When16．Collegecampuslifeisusuallynothinglike______studentsimaginedwhentheywereinhighschool.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．as17．Thebookisofgreathelpto______wantstodothejob.A．whoB．whomeverC．nomatterwhoD．whoever18．Byreadingthestory,youmayunderstand______tobesuccessful.A．ittakeswhatB．youtakewhatC．whattakesyouD．whatittakes19．He’sasa“bellyacher”—he’salwayscomplainingaboutsomething.A．whoisknownB．whomisknownC．whatisknownD．whichisknown20．Theresearcherswhostudyjokeswanttofindout_______peoplefromdifferentnationsandculturesfindfunny.A．whyB．thatC．whatD．whether21．Ihaveresigned,andtheyhaveafreehandtoappoint__________theylikeinmyplace.A．wheneverB．howeverC．whateverD．whomever22．Anyonewithcommonsenseisabletomaketheproperdecisionanddo______suitstheoccasionbest.A．nomatterwhatB．nomatterhowC．whateverD．however23．Youcangetyouwantasagiftforyourfantasticperformanceinthefinalexaminationforyouandyourfriends.A．whoeverB．whicheverC．howeverD．whatever24．Ithinkmyfatherwouldliketoknow_______I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A．whichB．whatC．whyD．when25．ThebeautyofatournamentliketheWorldCupis________itcanbewildlyunpredictable.A．whetherB．howC．thatD．why学科网（北京）股份有限公司
826．MygrandmotherhelpedmebelievethatIcouldaccomplish____________Iputmymindto.A．wheneverB．whateverC．whereverD．whichever27．—Thehillsidevillageremainsprimitiveandunspoiled.—Thatexplains______peopledesiretoexploresucharemoteplace.A．howB．whereC．whenD．why28．Socialmediapaintsthisrosypicturethateveryoneelse'slivesareperfect,butthingsareseldom_______theyseem.A．whichB．whatC．howD．where29．—WouldyoupleasetellustheprospectoffightingagainstCOVID-19?—Wearesuretowinthebattle,but______it’llbeoversoonI’mnotsureatthemoment.A．whetherB．thatC．ifD．when30．Hesoldhishousefortwice________hepaidforitsohedidwelloutofthedeal.A．howB．whatC．thatD．which【2022】（2022年浙江1月）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak______shecoulddosoremotely.【2021】（2021年北京卷）Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout________shelived．【2020】1.（2020年浙江卷）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson______couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.2.（2020年北京卷）Oliversaysifyou'reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem__________youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.3.（2020·江苏卷）Itisnotaproblem__________wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.A.whetherB.whyC.whenD.where4.（2020·天津卷7月·单项选择）15.Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue______ProfessorJosephhadsaid.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.where5.（2020·天津卷3月·单项选择）12.MygrandmotherhelpedmebelievethatIcouldaccomplish____________Iputmymindto.A.wheneverB.whateverC.whereverD.whichever【2019-2017】1.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
92.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence___________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where3.(2018·北京T15)Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what4.(2018﹒天津﹒T9)Thegoldmedalwillbeawarded___________towinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomeverB.whereverC.whoeverD.whatever5.(2018﹒北京﹒T11)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe_________wearenow.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why6.(2017﹒北京﹒T23)Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever7.(2017﹒北京﹒T26)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.howD.when8.(2017﹒江苏﹒T26)Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_______itusedtocharge.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how9.(2017﹒天津﹒T4)Sheaskedme_______Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.what学科网（北京）股份有限公司
