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主语从句&表语从句&同位语从句（重难考点精讲练）考向二主语从句1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示＂……的东西＂时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。☞Thatshewillsucceediscertain.☞Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句☞Itiscertainthatmostofthefarmershavebroughtinmoremoneybyallmeans.(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity，ashame，goodnews，afact，anhonour，awonder，nowonder等)＋that从句It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)＋that从句☞Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingouttheexperiment.(4)It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句☞IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.注意：(1)在＂Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句＂结构中，从句谓语常用＂(should＋)动词原形＂形式。【拓展延伸】主语从句的引导词引导词作用引导词作用that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略how多么，怎样，作方式状语或程度状语who谁，作主语、宾语when何时，作时间状语whom谁，作宾语where在哪儿，作地点状语what什么，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语why为什么，作原因状语which哪一个，哪些，作主语、宾语、定语whether是否【特别注意】当作主语的句子太长时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。if＂是否＂，不可直接引导主语从句(用it作形式主语时可以)。3.主语从句的特殊用法（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换☞Whatisneededhasbeenbought.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
1☞Allthatisneededhasbeenbought.所有需要的都被买了。（2）几个特殊句型之间的转换☞ItisknowntoallthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.Asisknowntoall,ChinahasjoinedtheWTO.WhatisknowntoallisthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.众所周知，中国已加入WTO。4.从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题(1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Thattheyarenotgoingtothecinemaisabigsurprisetous.他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。(2)what引导的从向作主语，谓语动词一般用单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词常用复数。Whatshesaidiswrong.她所说的是错误的。Whatweneedarebooks.我们所需要的是书籍。1.______thepathofacountyistherightoneisamattertobedecidedbyitspeople.A.That B.What C.Whether D.Why2.Itsoonbecamewidelyknown________theattempttosavegirlhadfailed.A.that B.what C.who D.which3.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A.whether B.whereC.which D.that考向四表语从句引导表语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether连接代词：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoeverwhomever，whichever，whatever连接副词：when，where，how，why1.连接词引导☞Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasn’tbeeninformed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。☞Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题还是他们能否帮我们。2.连接代词和连接副词引导☞Theproblemiswhowilltakechargeofthisshop.问题是谁将接管这家店铺。☞ThatiswhenIrealizedtheimportanceofjournalism.那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。注意：学科网（北京）股份有限公司
2（1）as/asif/asthough引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。☞Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.听上去好像有人在敲门。☞Atthattime,itseemedasthoughIcouldn’tthinkoftherightword.当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型Thereasonwhy...isthat...☞Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。2表语从句的三个易混句式句式用法例句This/'Thatiswhy+结果意为"这那就是.....toworkthere.那就是的原因"，why引导表语从句。That'swhyIwantyoutoworkthere.我想要你在那儿工作的原因。This/That/Itisbecause+原因意为"这/那是因为.....，because引导表语从句。It'sjustbecausehe|doesn'tknowher.这这仅仅是因为他不认识她。Thereasonwhy...isthat...意为"......的原因是……”，why定语从句，修饰先行词reason,that引导表语从句。Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcomewasthatitwasrainingheavily.他没有来的原因是(当时)雨下得很大。1.Ifyouareaddictedtoyourmobilephone,that’s______youshouldlayitdownandbeinvolvedinmeaningfulactivities.A.when B.why C.where D.how2.Ifyouareaddictedtoyourmobilephone,that’s______youshouldlayitdownandbeinvolvedinmeaningfulactivities.A.when B.why C.where D.how3.Everyoneonthisplanetisdifferent,andthat's______ makesitsuchabeautifulplace.A.When B.how C.what D.why考向五同位语从句1.同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词idea,fact,news,hope,thought,suggestion等抽象名词之后；2.连接词that不能省略，无意义无成分；3.用whether而不用if引导同位语从句；学科网（北京）股份有限公司
34.连接代词who(m),which,what，whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；5.连接副词where,when,why,how在从句作状语。6.分割式同位语从句：同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）。☞ThestorygoesthatWilliamTelldidkillthekingwiththatsword.7.若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice,suggestion,proposal(建议),demand,request,requirement,order(命令)等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用"(should)+do"。8.区别由that引导的定语从句和同位语从句：①定语从句中的that是代词，可在从句中作主、宾、表；同位语从句中的that是连词，无成分无意义；②定语从句——说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系；同位语从句——对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现。③在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。1.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy_______children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.2.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief______youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.3.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.1．Thereason________youfailedinthetestyesterday,Isuppose,was________youdidn’tfollowyourteacher’sadvice.A．which;becauseB．that;whyC．why;thatD．why;because2．Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________wecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．how3．Customersarebecomingsopracticalnowadaysthattheyonlybuy________theyneed.A．thatB．whatC．whenD．which4．Theoldgentlemanneverfailstohelp________isinneedofhishelp.A．whomB．whoC．whoeverD．whomever5．——Couldyoupleasetellme________?——I’mnotsure.Perhapsinacoupleofdays.A．whenheiscomingbackB．howmanydayshewillstaythere学科网（北京）股份有限公司
4C．howlongwillhebebackD．howsoonwillhecomeback6．Thegreatestmysteryofallis________causedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.A．whatB．whereC．whenD．which7．Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatmoneyflowsto________itisthatcontrolsthescarcething.A．whomB．whomeverC．whoD．whoever8．Abouttwothousandfivehundredyearsagothefirsthousesappearedonthefattopsofthehillsin________isnownorthernNewMexico.A．whereB．whichC．whatD．that9．________isthemostimportantinlifeisthatweshouldalwaysbeconfidentaboutthefuture.A．WhoB．WhichC．ThatD．What10．Peoplemaythinkthatdinosaurswerebig,greenwithhardskincoveringtheirbodies.Butinfact,itseemsthatdinosaursappearedverydifferentfrom________wethink.A．whichB．thatC．whoD．what11．Itisnotaproblem_____wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.A．whetherB．whyC．whenD．where12．Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,whichwas______hisfatherhadexpected.A．whyB．howC．thatD．what13．Theopinionlearningisalifelongprocesshasbeenexpressedbyeducationexpertsthroughouttheyears.A．whichB．thatC．whatD．how14．Policehavefound________appearstobethelostancientstatue.A．whichB．whereC．howD．what15．________wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,wastokeephealthy.A．ItB．ThisC．WhatD．As16．Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_______itusedtocharge.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．how17．Everyyear,________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A．whateverB．whoeverC．whomeverD．whichever18．Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingout_______theycangowithanewteacher.A．howfarB．howlongC．howoftenD．howsoon19．_____________comeswillbewelcometotheopen-airconcert.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
5A．WhateverB．WhoeverC．NomatterwhatD．Nomatterwho20．Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee________useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.A．whoseB．whatC．whichD．that21．Acomputercanonlydo___youhaveinstructedittodo.A．howB．afterC．whatD．when22．________yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.A．WhenB．HowC．WhatD．That23．Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thavewehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．whether24．—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea_____________hedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.A．whenB．whyC．thatD．how25．Theexhibitiontellsus_____weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.A．whereB．whyC．whatD．which【2021】1.（2021.6新高考1卷）GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatle'ssong"TheLongandWindingRoad". 1 issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.2.（2021.3天津卷）WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis shealwayshassomanycrazy ideas.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.when3.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool 2 givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.4.（2021.3天津卷单选）AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when学科网（北京）股份有限公司
65.（2021.3天津卷单选）WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A.fromwhichB.inwhichC.withwhomD.forwhom【2020】1.（2020江苏高考真题）Itisnotaproblem__________wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.A.whetherB.whyC.whenD.where2.（2020天津高考真题）Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue__________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.where3.（2020浙江高考真题）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.【2019】1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】25.Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence___________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.【2018】1.【2018·北京】11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe_________wearenow.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why2.【2018·北京】15.Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what3.【2018·天津】9.Thegoldmedalwillbeawarded___________towinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomeverB.whereverC.whoeverD.whatever4.【2018·江苏】21.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_______wearrived.A.whereB.whenC.whyD.how【2017】1.【2017·北京】23.Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever2.【2017·北京】26.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.howD.when3.【2017·江苏】26.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_______itusedtocharge.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how4.【2017·天津】4.Sheaskedme_______Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.what学科网（北京）股份有限公司
74.【2018·新课标II卷·短文改错】ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
