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155篇大学应背英语课文()1.Peopleattendcollegeoruniversityformanydifferentreasons(fbrexample,newexperiences,careerpreparation,increasedknowledge).Whydoyouthinkpeopleattendcollegeoruniversity?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Peopleattendcollegesoruniversitiesforalotofdifferentreasons.Ibelievethatthethreemostcommonreasonsaretoprepareforacareer,tohavenewexperiences,andtoincreasetheirknowledgeofthemselvesandtheworldaroundthem.Careerpreparationisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttoyoungpeople.Formany,thisistheprimaryreasontogotocollege.Theyknowthatthejobmarketiscompetitive.Atcollege,theycanlearnnewskillforcareerswithalotofopportunities.Thismeanscareers,suchasinformationtechnology,thatareexpectedtoneedalargeworkforceinthecomingyears.Also,studentsgotocollegesanduniversitiestohavenewexperiences.Thisoftenmeanshavingtheopportunitytomeetpeopledifferentfromthoseintheirhometowns.Formoststudents,goingtocollegeisthefirsttimethey,vebeenawayfromhomebythemselves.Inadditions,thisisthefirsttimethey'vehadtomakedecisionsontheirown.Makingthesedecisionsincreasestheirknowledgeofthemselves.Besideslookingforself-knowledge,peoplealsoattendauniversityorcollegetoexpandtheirknowledgeinsubjectstheyfindinteresting.Formany,thiswillbetheirlastchanceforalongtimetolearnaboutsomethingthatdoesn,trelatetotheircareer.Iwouldrecommendthatpeoplenotbesofocusedonacareer.Theyshouldgotocollegetohavenewexperiencesandlearnaboutthemselvesandtheworldtheylivein.2.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsarethebestteachers.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Throughoutmylife,Ihavebeenluckyenoughtohaveaverygoodrelationshipwithmyparents.Theyhavesupportedme,givenmenecessarycriticism,andtaughtmeagreatdealabouthowtolivemylife.Parentscanbeveryimportantteachersinourlives;however,theyarenotalwaysthebestteachers.Parentsmaybetooclosetotheirchildrenemotionally.Sometimestheycanonlyseetheirchildrenthoughtheeyesofaprotector.Forexample,theymaylimitachild'sfreedominthenameofsafety.Ateachermightseeatriptoabigcityasavaluablenewexperience.However,itmightseemtoodangeroustoaparent.Anotherproblemisthatparentsmayexpecttheirchildren'sintereststobesimilartotheirown.Theycan'tseemtoseparatefromtheirchildrenintheirmind.Iftheylovescience,theymaytrytoforcetheirchildtolovesciencetoo.Butwhatiftheirchild'strueloveisart,orwriting,orcarrepair?Parentsareusuallyeagertopassontheirvaluetotheirchildren.Butshouldchildrenalwaysbelievewhattheirparentsdo?Maybedifferentgenerationsneeddifferentwaysofthinking.Whenchildrenareyoung,theybelievethattheirparentsarealwaysrights.Butwhentheygetolder,theyrealizethereareotherviews.Sometimesparents,especiallyolderones,can'tkeepupwithrapidsocialortechnologychanges.Astudentwhohasfriendsofalldifferentracesandbackgroundsatschoolmayfindthatherparentsdon'treallyunderstandorvaluethedigitalrevolution.Sometimeskidshavetofindtheirownwaystowhattheybelievein.Themostimportantthingtorealizeisthatweallhavemanyteachersinourlives.Ourparentsteachus.ourteachersteachus,andourpeersteachus.Booksandnewspapersandtelevisionalsoteachus.Allofthemarevaluable.3.Nowadays,foodhasbecomeeasiertoprepare.Hasthischangeimprovedthewaypeoplelive?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Thetwentiethcenturyhasbroughtwithitmanyadvances.Withthoseadvances,humanliveshavechangeddramatically.Insomewayslifeisworse,butmostlyitisbetter.Changesinfoodpreparationmethods,forexample,haveimprovedourlivesgreatly.Theconvenienceofpreparingfoodtodayisamazing.Evenstoveshavegottentooslowforus.Microwavecookingismucheasier.Wecanpressafewbuttonsandamealiscompletelycookedinjustashorttime.Peopleusedtospendhourspreparinganoven-cookedmeal,andnowtheycanusethattimefbrother,betterthings.Plus,thereareallkindsofportable,prepackagedfoodswecanbuy.Heatthemintheofficemicrowave,andlunchatworkisquickandeasy.Foodpreparationtodayallowsformorevariety.Withrefrigeratorsandfreezers,wecanpreservealotofdifferentfoodsinourhomes.Sincetechnologymakescookingsomuchfaster,peoplearewillingtomakeseveraldishesforevenasmallmeal.Parentsaremorelikely(oletchildrenbepicky,nowthattheycaneasilyheatthemupsomeprepackagedmacaroniandcheeseontheside.Needlesstosay,adultslivinginthesamehousemayhaveverydifferenteatinghabitsaswell.Iftheydon'twanttocookalotofdifferentdishes,it'scommonnowtoeatoutatrestaurantsseveraltimesaweek.Healthfuleatingisalsoeasierthanevernow.Whenpeoplecook,theyusenewfatsubstitutesandcookingspraystocutfatandcalories.Thisreducestheriskofheartdiseaseandhighcholesterol.Additionally,wecanbuyfruitsandvegetablefresh,frozenorcanned.Theyareeasytoprepare,somanyofuseatmoreofthosenutritiousitemsdaily.Ahundredyearsago.youcouldn'timaginetheprocessoftakingsomefrozenfruitandicefromthefreezer,addingsomelow-fatyogurtfromaplasticcupandsomejuicefromacanintherefrigerator,andwhippingupalow-fatsmoothieintheblender!Ourlifestyleisfast,butpeoplestilllikegoodfood.Whatnewfoodpreparationtechnologyhasgivenusismorechoices.Today,wecanpreparefoodthatismoreconvenient,healthier,andofgreatervarietythaneverbeforeinhistory.4.Ithasbeensaid,“Noteverythingthatislearnediscontainedinbooks.''Compareandcontrastknowledgegainedfromexperiencewithknowledgegainedfrombooks.Inyouropinion,whichsourceismoreimportant?Why?**Experienceisthebestteacher'isanoldcliche,butIagreewithit.Themostimportant,andsometimesthehardest,lessonswelearninlifecomefromourparticipationinsituations.Youcan,learneverythingfromabook.Ofcourse,learningfrombooksinaformaleducationalsettingisalsovaluable.It'sinschoolsthatwelearntheinformationweneedtofunctioninoursociety.佻!earnhowtospeakandwriteandunderstandmathematicalequations.Thisisallinformationthatweneedtoliveinourcommunitiesandearnaliving.Nevertheless,1thinkthatthemostimportantlessonscan'tbetaught;theyhavetobeexperienced.Noonecanteachushowtogetalongwithothersorhowtohaveself-respect.Aswegrowfromchildrenintoteenagers,noonecanteachushowtodealwithpeerpressure.Asweleaveadolescencebehindandenteradultlife,noonecanteachushowtofallinloveandgetmarried.
1Thisshouldn'tstopusfromlookingforguidelinesalongtheway.Teachersandparentsarevaluablesourcesofadvicewhenwe'reyoung.Asweenterintonewstagesinourlives,theadvicewereceivefromthemisveryhelpfulbecausetheyhavealreadybadsimilarexperiences.Butexperiencingourowntriumphsanddisastersisreallytheonlywaytolearnhowtodealwithlife.1.Acompanyhasannouncedthatitwishestobuildalargefactorynearyourcommunity.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisnewinfluenceonyourcommunity.Doyousupportoropposethefactory?Explainyourposition.Newfactoriesoftenbringmanygoodthingstoacommunity,suchasjobsandincreasedprosperity.However,inmyopinion,thebenefitsofhavingafactoryareoutweighedbytherisks.ThatiswhyIopposetheplantobuildafactorynearmycommunity.Ibelievethatthiscitywouldbeharmedbyalargefactory.Inparticular,afactorywoulddestroythequalityoftheairandwaterintown.Factoriesbringsmogandpollution.Inthelongrun.theenvironmentwillbehurtandpeople'shealthwillbeaffected.Havingafactoryisnotworththatrise.Ofcourse,morejobswillbecreatedbythefactory.Ourpopulationwillgrow.1baccommodatemoreworkers,morehomesandstoreswillbeneeded.Dowereallywantthismuchgrowth,sofast?Ifourtownisgoingingrowth.Iwouldpreferslowgrowthwithgoodplanning.1don'twanttoseerowsofcheaplyconstructedtownhouses.Ourqualityoflifemustbeconsidered.Ibelievethatthisgrowthwillchangeourcitytoomuch.Ilovemyhometownbecauseitisasafe,smalltown.Itisalsoeasytotravelhere.Ifwemustexpandtoholdnewcitizens,thesmall-townfeelwillbegone.Imouldmissthatgreatly.Afactorywouldbehelpfulinsomeways.However,Ifeelthatthedangersaregreaterthanthebenefits.Icannotsupportaplantobuildafactoryhere,andhopethatothersfeelthesameway.2.MAIfyoucouldchangeoneimportantthingaboutyourhometown,whatwouldyouchange?UsereasonsandspeciGcexamplestosupportyouranswer.IfIcouldchangeonethingaboutmyhometown,Ithinkitwouldbethefactthatthere'snosenseofcommunityhere.Peopledon'tfeelconnected,theydon'tlookoutforeachother,andtheydon'tgettoknowtheirneightx)rs.Peoplecomeandgoalothere.Theychangejobsfrequentlyandmoveon.Thismeansthattheydon'tputdownrootsinthecommunity.Theydon'tjoincommunityorganizationsandthey'renotwillingtogetinvolvedintryingtoimprovethequalityoflite.Ifsomeonehasapetitiontoputinanewstreetlight,shehasaveryhardtimegettingalotofpeopletosign.Theydon'tfeelithasanythingtodowiththem.Theydon'tgetinvolvedinimprovingtheschoolsbecausetheydon'tthinkthequalityofeducationisimportanttotheirlives.Theydon'tseetheconnectionbetweenthemselvesandtherestoftheircommunity.Peopledon'ttrytosupportothersaroundthem.Theydon'tkeepafriendlyeyesontheirchildren,orcheckinonolderfolksiftheydon'tseethemforafewdays.They'renotawarewhenpeoplearoundthemmaybegoingthroughahardtime.Forexample,theymaynotknowifaneighborlosesalovedone.There'snotalotofcommunitysupportforindividuals.Neighborsdon'tgettoknoweachother.Again,thisisbecausepeoplecomeandgowithinafewyears.Sowhenneighborsgoonvacation,nooneiskeepinganeyeontheirhouse.Nooneismakingsurenothingsuspiciousisgoingonthere,likelightsinthemiddleofthenight.Whenneighbors'childrenarecuttingacrosssomeone'slawnontheirbikes,there'snofriendlywayofcasuallymentioningtheproblem.Peopleimmediatelyactasifit'samajorpropertydisagreement.Myhometownisaniceplacetoliveinmanyways,butitwouldbemuchniceifwehadthatsenseofcommunity.7Howdomoviesortelevisioninfluencepeople'sbehavior?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.Domoviesandtelevisionaffectourbehavior?Aspecialconcerniswhethermoviesandtelevisionmakechildrenandsocietymoreviolent.Ibelievethatmoviesandtelevisiondoinfluenceourbehavior,bothforthebetterandfortheworse.Moviesdomakepeoplemoreviolent.Themoreweseeviolentactsontelevision,thelesssensitivewebecometothem.Eventuallyviolencedoesn'tseemwrong.wemayevencommitviolentactsourselves.Thisisespeciallytruebecausewedon'talwaysrealizethatviolencehasconsequences.Actorscanbekilledandcomebackforanothermovie.Sometimesweconfusethatwithreality.佻forgetthatkillingsomeoneispermanent.Moviesandtelevisionalsoinfluenceourbehaviorbecausetheymakeuslessactive.Lookingatfilmsisapassiveactivity.Ifwewatchtoomuch,webecomeunhealthy,bothmentallyandphysically.蚀stopusingourownimaginationwhenweseethingsactedoutforus.Mentallazinessbecomesphysicallaziness;we'dratherwatchsportsontothanplaysportsourselves,we'drathervisitwiththecharacterson''Seinfeld''or''Friends''thangochatwithourownneighbors.Imaginarypeoplehaveexcitinglives.Isitanywonderthatsomepeoplewouldratherliveafantasylifethantheirown?Ofcourse,watchingmoviesandtelevisioncanalsobegoodforus.Itcangiveusabroaderwindowontheworld.Forexample,seeingmoviescanexposeustopeopleofdifferentracesandcultures.Wecanthenovercomesomeprejudicesmoreeasily.Recentlytherehavebeenmorehandicappedpeopleinfilms,andthisalsohelpreduceprejudice.Thebestinfluenceonourbehavioristhatmoviesandtelevisionreducestress.Watchingfilms,wecanescapeourownproblemsforalittlewhile.Also,sometimemoviesshowpositivewaystoresolveproblemsweallface.WhileTVandmoviesshouldn'tbeawaytohidefromlife,sometimestheycanhelpuscope.Itistruethatmoviesandtelevisioncaninfluenceourbehaviornegatively.However,Ialsobelievethattheyinfluenceourbehaviorsinpositiveways.Howtheyaffectyoudependsonhowmuchyouwatch,whatyouwatch,andhowyourespondtowhatyouwatch.8Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Televisionhasdestroyedcommunicationamongfriendsandfamily.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Somepeoplebelievethattelevisionhasdestroyedcommunicationamongfriendsandfamily.Ithinkthisisanexaggeration.Inmyopinion,whetherornottelevisionhurtscommunicationdependsonwhattypeofprogramisbeingviewed.Moreimportantly,itdependsonthetypeofviewer.Thereareemptyprogramsandeducationalprograms.Emptyprogramsdonotchallengepeople.Theyhavejustenoughstorylinetokeepthemfromswitchingchannels.Therearealsopassiveandactiveviewers.Apassiveviewerwilljustwatchtelevisionwithoutthinkingaboutwhatbeorsheseeing.Thecombinationofanemptyprogramandapassiveviewermakescommunicationunlikely.Passiveviewersjustcontinuetowatch,actuallyenjoyingthefactthattheydon'thavetothink.Theywon'tbreakawaytotalkaboutprogrammingwithfriendsandfamily.Evenwithbetterprogramming,passiveviewersstillwon'tthinkorcommunicatemuch.Theprobablyevenprefertheemptyprogrambecausethebetterprogrammingistoomuchwork.Ontheotherhand,activeviewerswatchingeducationalprogrammingalwayswanttosharewhatthey
2seewithfriendsandfamily.''Educational''doesn'tnecessarilymeandocumentariesonBBS.Theycouldbedramaswithrealisticrelationshipsoractionshowswithcleverplotlines.Whenactiveviewerswatchprograms,theyhaveideasandtalkaboutthemwithothers.Goodprogramminginspiresthemtochangetheirthinkingandtheirlives.Unlikepassiveviewers,theydon'twanttowatchmoreandmorewithoutthinking.Televisionmaydestroycommunicationamongpassiveviewers.Thoseviewersprobablydon'twanttocommunicatewithfriendsandfamilymuchanyway.Foractiveviewerswhoalreadyenjoycommunicating,televisionisactuallyhelpful!8Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown.Othersprefertoliveinabigcity.Whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Igrewupinasmalltownandthenmovedtoabigcity,so1haveexperiencedthegoodandbadsidesofboth.Ineverthoughtthat1wouldlikelivinginabigcity,butIwaswrong.Aftertenyearsoflivinginone,Ican'timagineeverlivinginasmalltownagain.Smalltownsandbigcitiesbothhavesomeproblemsintermsoftransportation.Inasmalltown,youhavetoownacartoensureacomfortableliving.youcan'tgetaroundwithoutonebecausethereisn'tanykindofpublictransportation.Bigcitiesgenerallyhaveheavytrafficandexpensiveparking,butthereyouhaveachoiceoftakingpublictransportation.It'snotfree,butit'softencheaperthandrivingwhenyouconsidergasandtime,especiallyifyoudon'thaveacar.you'rebetteroffinthecity.Ilovetheexcitementofbigcities.Smalltownshaveaslowpace.Largecitiesmeanyouhavetoadapttoavarietyofsituations,likefindinganewroutetoworkorIrvineanewrestaurant.Ienjoythatchallengeverymuch.Anotherpartoftheexcitementofcitylivingisthevarietyofculturalactivitiesavailable.Thereisawildassortmentoftheatremusicanddanceperformancesavailableinbigcities.Thesethingsarerareinsmallones.Thefinalthing1thinkaboutlargecitiesisthediversityofthepeople,theUnitedStatesismadeupofpeopleofdifferentraces,religions,abilities,andinterests.However,youseldomfindsuchavarietyofpeopleinasmalltown.Ithinkthatlivinginanareawhereeveryonewasjustlikemewouldquicklybecomeboring.Ofcourse,securityisaconcern,andthatoneareawheresmalltownsaresuperiortobigcities.Still,Iwouldratherbeabitmorecautionsandlivealargecitythantofeelsecurebutbored.9''Whenpeoplesucceed,itisbecauseofhardwork.Luckhasnothingtodowithsuccess.''Doyouagreeordisagreewiththequotationabove?Usespecificandexamplestoexplainyourposition.Whenpeoplesucceeditisbecauseofhardwork,butluckhasalottodowithit,too.Successwithoutsomeluckisalmostimpossible.TheFrenchemperorNapoleonsaidofoneofhisgenerals.**1knowhe'sgood.Butishelucky?''Napoleonknewthatallthehardworkandtalentintheworldcan'tmakeupforbadluck.However,hardworkcaninvitegoodluck.Whenitcomestosuccess,luckcanmeanbeingintherightplacetomeetsomeone,orhavingtherightskillstogetajobdone.Itmightmeanturningdownanofferandthenhavingabetteroffercomealong.Nothingcanreplacehardwork,butworkinghardalsomeansyou'repreparingyourselfopportunity.Opportunityveryoftendependsonluck.Howmanyofthegreatinventionsanddiscoveriescameaboutthroughaluckymistakeoraluckychance?OneofthebiggestluckymistakesinhistoryisColumbus'so-calleddiscoveryofAmerica.Heenrichedhissponsorsandchangedhistory,buthewasreallylookingforIndia.However,Columbus'chancediscoverywasn'tpureluck.Itwasbackedupbyyearsofstudyingandcalculating.Heworkedhardtoprovehistheorythattheworldwasround.Successthatcomesfrompureluckandnohardworkcanbearealproblem.Forexample,considerateenagegirlwhobecomesamoviestar.Imagineshe'sbeenpickedfromnowherebecauseofherlooks.Sheisgoingtofeelveryinsecure,becausesheknowsshedidn'tdoanythingtoearnherstardom.Ontheotherhand,thinkaboutanactresswho'sspendyearslearningandworkingathercraft.Whenshefinallyhasgoodluckandbecomesasuccess,shewillhandlestardombetter,sheknowssheearnsit.Peoplewhoworkhardhelpmaketheirownluckbybeingreadyopportunityknocks.Whenitcomestosuccess.Ithinkthathardworkandlucksohandinhand.10Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Universitiesshouldgivethesameamountofmoneytotheirstudents'sportsactivitiesastheygivetotheiruniversitylibraries.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Idisagreestronglywiththeideathatthesameamountofmoneyshouldgotouniversitysportsactivitiesastouniversitylibraries.Althoughplayingsportsisawonderfulwaytolearnaboutteamwork,strategyandreachingyourgoals,itshouldnotbetheprincipalfocusofauniversityeducation.Studentsneedthemostup-to-datelibraryfacilitiesavailabletogetthebesteducation.Manyofthosefacilitiesareveryexpensivetobuyandmaintain.Theseincludecomputerizedprogramsandaccesstointernetresearchdatabasesthatstudentscanusetofindinformationallaroundtheworld.Ifauniversityisonlyofferingitsstudentsresourcesofadecadeago,it'sdeprivingthosestudentsofatremendousamountofinformation.Eventhebookandmagazinebudgetofuniversitieshasgoneuptremendouslyinlastdecade.Moreisbeingpublishedoneverysubject,andeveryuniversitywantstohavethisinformationavailabletoitsstudents.Italsocostsmoneyfbruniversitiestokeeptheirlibrariesopen.Studentsneedtohaveaccesstoallthelibraries'researchtoolsasmuchoftimeaspossible.Becausestudentsareyoungandcanstayupallnightstudying,manyuniversitiesarestartingtoleavetheirlibrariesopenallnightduringexamperiods.Thiscostsmoney,becausethestaffhastobepaidextratobethere.Italsocostsmoneytorunthebuilding(electricity,heat)duringthattime.Studentsatuniversitiesareonlygoingtobenefitfromtheireducationiftheycangettoallthetoolstheyneedtolearn.Sportsaresecondarytotheresourcesthatstudentsneedfromuniversitylibraries.Forthisreason,librariesshouldalwaysbebetterfundedthansportactivities.11Manypeoplevisitmuseumswhentheytraveltonewplaces.Whydoyouthinkpeoplevisitmuseums?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Peoplelovetovisitmuseumswhentravelingtonewplaces.Ithinkthisisbecausemuseumstellthemalotaboutthecultureofthoseplaces.Museumsarealsofun.It'salmostimpossibletogetboredinamuseum.Everymuseumwillhaveatleastonethingofinteresttosomebody.Whenvisitingsomeplacenew.youcanfindoutaboutthecultureofthatplaceinmanyways.Youcangotoamovieoraplaceofworshiporanightclub.Anotheroptionistositintheparkandlistentothepeoplearoundyou.Theeasiestwaytolearnaboutaplace'sculture,though,isbyvisitingitsmuseums.Museumswillshowyouthehistoryoftheplaceyou*revisiting.They'llshowyouwhatartthelocalsthinkisimportant.Iftherearen'tanymuseums,thattellsyousomething,too.Museumsarefun.Evenifyou'renotinterestedinartorhistory,thereisalwayssomethingtogetyourattention.Manymuseumsnowhavewhattheycall"hands-on"exhibits.Thesewereoriginallydesignedtokeepchildrenoccupiedwhiletheirparentswerelookingatexhibits.However,museumshavefoundthatadultsenjoyhands-onopportunitiesjustasmuchaschildren.Theseexhibitshaveactivitieslikepushingabuttontohearmoreaboutwhatyou'relookingat,creatingyourownworkofart,ortryingonclotheslikethoseonthemodelsinthemuseum.Peoplealsoenjoyvisitingmuseumsaboutunusualsubjects.Forinstance,inmyhometownthere'samuseumdevotedtothepotato.This
3museumhasartmadeoutofpotatoes.Italsotellsallaboutthehistoryofthepotato,andsellspotatomementoslikekeychainsandpotatodolls.Peopleenjoyvisitingthismuseumbecauseit'sdifferent.It*snotsomethingthey'dfindintheirhometownandthemuseum'scuratorenjoytalkingabouttheGreatPotato.Museumsarepopularbecausetheyareaboutus.Theyreflectourcreations,ourvalues,andourdreams.Nomatterwhoyouareorwhatyoulike,somewherethereisamuseumthatwillamazeandinterestyou.8Somepeopleprefertoeatatfoodstandsorrestaurants.Otherpeopleprefertoprepareandeatfoodathome.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Somepeopleliketoeatoutatfoodstandsandrestaurants,whileothersliketopreparefoodathome.Oftenitdependsonthekindoflifestylepeoplehave.Thosewithverybusyjobsoutsidethehousedon'talwayshavetimetocook.Theyliketheconvenienceofeatingout.Overall,though,itischeaperandhealthiertoeatathome.Whileeatinginrestaurantsisfast,themoneyyouspendcanaddup.WhenIhavedinneratrestaurantwithafriend,thebillisusuallyovertwentydollars.Icanbuyalotofgrocerieswiththatmuchmoney.Evenlunchatafast-foodstandusuallycostsfiveorsixdollarsforoneperson.That'senoughtofeedthewholefamilyathome.Eatingathomeisbetterforyou,too.Mealsatrestaurantsareoftenhighinfatandcalories,andtheyservebigplatesoffood—muchmorefoodthanyouneedtoeatatonemeal.Ifyoucookfoodathome,youhavemorecontrolovertheingredients.Youcanusemargarineinsteadofbutteronyourpotatoes,ornotputsomuchcheeseontopofyourpizza.Athome,youcancontrolyourportionsize.Youcanserveyourselfaslittleasyouwant.Inarestaurant,youmayeatafullplateoffood"becauseyoupaidforit".It'struethateatingoutisconvenient.Youdon'thavetoshop,orcook,orcleanup.Butrealhomecookingdoesn'thavetotakealotoftime.Therearelotsofsimplemealsthatdon'ttakelongtomake.Infact,they'refasterthaneatingout,especiallyifyouthinkofthetimeyouspenddrivingtoarestaurant,parking,waitingforatable,waitingforservice,anddrivinghome.Botheatingatrestaurantsandcookingathomecanbesatisfying.Bothcantastegoodandbeenjoyedwithfamilyandfriends.Iprefercookingathomebecauseofthemoneyandhealthissues,butpeoplewillmakethechoicethatfitstheirlifestylebest.14Somepeoplebelievethatuniversitystudentsshouldberequiredtoattendclasses.Othersbelievethatgoingtoclassesshouldbeoptionalforstudents.Whichpointofviewdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouranswer.Somepeoplemaybelievethatgoingtoclassesshouldbeoptional,butIdisagree.Idon'tunderstandhowuniversitystudentscanexpecttolearnanythingiftheydon'tattendclasses.Personalexperiencecanhelppeoplelearnaboutthemselvesandtheworldoutsidetheclassroom,butwhenitcomestolearningaboutacademicsubjects,studentsneedtobeinclass.Inclasstheyreceivethebenefitoftheteacher'sknowledge.Thebestteachersdomorethanjustgooverthematerialinthanclasstextbook.Theydrawtheirstudentsintodiscussionofthematerial.Theypresentopposingpointsofview.Theyscheduleguestspeakerstocome,givethestudentsadditionalinformation,orshowdocumentaryfilmsonthesubject.Also,attendingclassesonanysubjectteachesmorethanjustfacts.Itteachesstudentshowtolearn,howtoabsorbinformationandthenamlywhatthey'velearnedtoothersituations.Theirteacheristhebestonetohelpthemwiththeseskills.Theycan'tlearnthemjustbyreadingthetextbook.Goingtoclassalsoteachesstudentshowtoworkwiththeothermembersoftheclass.Manytimesstudentswillbegivengroupassignments.Thisisdifferentfromwhattheydidinsecondaryschool.Herethey'rewithpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsandexperiences.Inthissituation,theylearnhowtohandleworkingwithpeopledifferentfromthemselvestoachieveacommongoal.Goingtoclassalsoteachesstudentsresponsibilityanddiscipline.Havingtobeataparticularplaceataparticulartimepreparesthemforgettingajob.Beingataplaceontimewithanassignmentcompletedpreparesthemforacareer.Inshort,bygoingtoclassstudentslearnmorethanjustinformationfromtheteacher.Theyalsolearnhowtoleam.howtoworkwithothers,andhowtoworkresponsibly.Thesearenotoptionalskillsinlife,soattendingclassesshouldnotbeoptionalincollege.15Neighborsarethepeoplewholivenearus.Inyouropinion,whatarethequalitiesofagoodneighbor?Usespecificdetailsandexamplesinyouranswer.Ifyouhaveagoodneighbor,youarealuckyperson.Youhavesomeonewhocaresaboutyourneedsandyourproperty,whoishelpfulinthelittleday-to-daysituationsthatcomeup,andwhoissupportiveintimesofcrisis.Agoodneighborissomeonewho,forinstance,understandsthatyourchildrenmayoccasionallyrunacrosshislawn,eventhoughyoutellthemnotto.He'llrealizethatchildrencanbecarelessaboutthingslikethat,andhewon'tmakeabigfussaboutitunlessitbecomesaregularthing.Inthesamevein,heknowsthatyou'llunderstandifsomeofthetrashfromhistrashcansblowsacrossintoyouryard.INotherwords,heissensitivetotheunintentionalthingsthatcanhappen.Hedoesn'tmakeabigdealaboutthem.Agoodneighborisalsorespectfulofyourproperty.Forexample,sheasksyourpermissionbeforedoinganythingthatinterfereswithwhat'syours.Thismeansshewouldn'tplantahugetreeinbetweenyourhouseswithoutaskinghowyoufeelaboutit.Ifshewantedtoputupafence,shewouldletyouknowfirst.Shemightworkwithyoutodecidewhereitshouldbeplaced.Maybethetwoofyouwouldevensplitthecost.Agoodneighborwouldlendyousomemilkifyouranout.She'dgiveyouaridetoworkifyourcarwasbroken,andletyourchildrenstayatherhouseintheeveningifyougotstuckworkingovertime.Ybuwoulddothesameforher.Bothofyouwouldhelpmaketheother'slifeeasier,whensomethingreallyawfulhappenstoyou,likeadeathinthefamily,agoodneighborwillvolunteertohelpinanywayhecan.Thiscouldmeansomethingsmall,likemakingsomecasserolestoputinyourfreezertofeedvestingrelatives.Orit16Ithasrecentlybeenannouncedthatanewrestaurantmaybebuiltinyourneighborhood.Doyousupportoropposethisplan?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Icanseebothadvantagesanddisadvantagestohavinganewrestaurantbuiltinourneighborhood.I'mworriedabouttrafficandhowitwillaffectourneighborhood.However.Ithinkthatitwillbenefitlocalbusinessesandincreaseappreciationforourneighborhood.Overall,Ithinkitisagoodidea.Trafficcongestionisalwaysaconcernwhenyoubuildsomethingnew.Ourstreetsarenarrow,withparkingonbothsides.Morecarstravelingthroughtheneighborhoodcouldcausealotofcongesting.Trafficmeansparkingproblems,too.Ourneighborhoodhasveryfewgaragesattachedtothehouses.Mostofusdependonfindingaspacetoparkonthestreet.Ifthenewrestaurant
4isbuilt,we'llbecompetingforthosespaceswiththerestaurant'spatrons.Plus,iftherestaurantofferswalletparking,it'llbeevenworse.Valetparkersworkinteamstograbeverypossiblespaceavailableonthestreet.Fmalsoconcernedaboutthetypeofpatronsthisnewrestaurantwillbringintoourneighborhood.Afamilyrestaurantwouldn'tbeaproblem.However,ifit'sgoinghaveabaranddancing,thentherecouldbeproblems.Therestaurantwouldstayopenlater,andpeopleleavingtherestaurantmightbedrunk.Whowouldn'tworryaboutrowdycustomersstaggeringaroundourneighborhoodintheearlymorninghours,lookingfortheircars?Ihavetoadmit,though,thereareadvantagestoanewrestaurant.Ourneighborhoodcouldcertainlyusethejobstherestaurantwouldprovide.Notonlythat,themoneyneighborhoodresidentswouldeamtherewouldlikelybespentatotherneighborhoodbusinesses.Thiswouldgiveaboosttothosebusinessesandmakeourneighborhoodmoreprosperous.Anewrestaurantwouldalsoattractalotofpeopletoourneighborhood.Theycouldseewhataniceareathisistolive.Thatmightattractnewresidentstotheneighborhood.Thatwouldbeagoodthing,becausewe'vebeenlosingresidentstothesuburbsthelastcoupleofyears.Therearealotofdetailstoconsider,butallinall,Isupporttheideaofthisnewrestaurantinourneighborhood.15Somepeoplethinkthattheycanlearnbetterbythemselvesthanwithateacher.Othersthinkthatitisalwaysbettertohaveateacher.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonstodevelopyouressay.Mostofuscanlearnhowtodosomethingsimpleonourownwithjustasetofinstructions.However,tolearnaboutsomethingmorecomplex,it'salwaysbesttohaveateacher.Teachersbringwiththemvariedandusefulbackgrounds.The/vebeentrainedtoteachindividualsindifferentwaysdependingontheirstyle.Forinstance,omenstudentslearnbetterbydiscussingatopic.Otherslearnmorebywritingaboutit.Teacherscanhelpstudentslearninthewaythat'sbestofeachstudent.Atextbookoramanualcanonlygiveyouonewayoflearningsomething.Plusthey'reonlyashelpfulasyourabilitytounderstandthem.Agoodteachercanadaptherteachingtoyourneeds.Teachershelpyoufocusonwhatyou'relearning.Ifyou'relearningsomethingbyyourself,it'seasytobecomedistracted,andgoontootheractivities.Teacherskeepyourattentiononthesubject.Theyalsoapproachasubjectlogically,takingitonestepatatime.Onyourown,it'stemptingtoskippartsofthelearningprocessyouthinkyoudon'tneed.Thatcanbinderyourabilitytoreallyunderstandthesubject.Learningasubjectonyourownisaverynarrowwayoflearning.Youcanonlyusetheinformationyougetfromthetextbook.Withateacher,yougettheinformationinthewrittenmaterialsaswellastheteacher'sownknowledgeofthetopic.Teacherscanalsoprovideextramaterialstobroadenthescopeofwhatyou'relearning.There'snothingwrongwithstudyingonyourown.andalearnercanalwaysbenefitfromsomequietstudy.Forthebestpossiblelearning,though,agoodteacheristhebiggesthelpyoucanhave.16Whataresomeimportantqualitiesofagoodsupemsor(boss)?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainwhythesequalitiesareimportant.Eventhoughjobsituationscanbeverydifferent,thereareseveralqualitiesthatallgoodsupervisorhaveincommon,Agoodbosstreatsallheremployeesfairly.Shedoesn'tsingleoutoneemployeeforbetter(orworse)treatmentthantheothers.Apoorsupervisorhasfavorites.Sometimesshe'llevenuseherfavoritestospyonotheremployees.Sheexpectsthemtotellherwhattheothersaresayingabouther.Thiscancausealotofbadfeelingamongemployees.Agoodsupervisorgivesclearandunderstandabledirections.Shedoesn'tconstantlychangehermindaboutwhatshewantsemployeestodo.Shealsodoesn'tgetangrywithanemployeewhoisconfusedandneedshertoexplainthedirectionsagainormorefully.Delegatingauthoritywellisanotherqualityofagoodsupervisor.Sheknowshowtousetheskillsofheremployeestobestadvantage.Apoorsupervisorinsistsondoingeverythingherself.Sheisunwillingtogiveanyauthoritytoothers.Agoodbossevaluatesheremployeesonareasonableserofcriteria,notonhowshefeelsaboutthempersonally.Andsheletstheemployeesknowwhatthosecriteriaare,sotheyhaveafairchanceofmeetingthem.Shegivesbothpraiseandcriticisminastraightforwardmanner.Shealsooffersguidancewhenneeded.Apoorsupervisorwillcriticizewithoutgivinganysuggestionsonhowtoimprove.Mostimportantly,agoodsupervisorsetthestandardsforheremployeebyherownbehavior.Sheworkshardandtreatsemployeeslikevaluableassetstothecompany.Thispromotesgoodmoraleamongherworkers,andthisisofgreatbenefittoherbusiness.17Shouldgovernmentsspendmoremoneyonimprovingroadsandhighways,orshouldgovernmentsspendsmoremoneyonimprovingpublictransportation(buses,trains,subways)?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstodevelopyouressay.Governmentsshoulddefinitelyspendmoremoneyonimprovingallformsofpublictransportation.Theseincludebuses,subwaysandtrains.Thisisthebestwaytopreservenaturalresourcesandreducepollution.Asaplanet,we'redealingwithafiniteamountofnaturalresources.Oncethey'regone,theycan'tbereplaced.Theycan'tfillourneedforoilandgasolineforever.Butweseemtoforgetthatandconsumethematanincrediblerate.Inwealthiercounties,somefamilieshavetwoorthreecars.Assoonasteenagersgettheirdriver'slicenses,they'regivencarssotheirparentswon'thavetodrivethemplaces.Publictransportationhasn'tbeensufficientlydeveloped.Becauseofthis,suburbanareassurroundingcitieshavebeenallowedtosprawlmoreandmorewidely.Thismeansthatpeoplecan'tevengotothestorewithouthavingtohopintothecar.Everythingistoofarawayfromwheretheylive.Iftherewerebetterandmorefrequentpublictransportation,peoplewouldbeabletogiveuptheircarsforlocaldriving.Asaresultofallthecarsbeingdriven,we'redealingwithterriblepollutionproblems.Inbigcities,therearedaysduringthesummerwhentheelderlyandpeoplewithrespiratoryproblemsareadvisednottoleavethehouse.Tenyearsagothiswasunheardof!Nowit'sthenorm.Publictransportationwouldcutdownconsiderablyonairpollution.Publictransportationalsoencouragesasenseofcommunity.Peoplewhotraveltoworktogetherallthetimegettoknoweachother.Carisolateusfromneighbors.However,peoplefeeltheyneedtodrivebecausetheycan'tdependonpublictransportationtofittheirschedules.Ifmoremoneywereavailable,buses,subwaysandtrainscouldrun24hoursaday.Thentheywouldbeavailableallthetimetothepeoplewhoneedthem.
5Ialwaystrytotakepublictransportationwheneverpossible,andIencouragefriendsandneighborstotryittoo.Ithinkwemustsupportpublictransportationinordertocreateabetterworld.15Itisbetterforchildrentogrowupinthecountrysidethaninabigcity.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestodevelopyouressay.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagestoachildhoodineitherthecountryoracity.It'shardtosaywhichisbetter.Growingupinthecountrymeansacertainamountofisolation.You'reinasmalltownoronaarmbandnotwithalotofpeople.Evenmoreimportant,thepeopleyoumeeteverydaytendtobejustlikeyou.Mostwillbethesameraceasyou,havethesamebackgroundasyou,andwillhavegonetothesameschoolasyou.Inthecity,thepeopleyoumeetaredifferent.Therearedifferentracesanddifferentcultures.Yougetamoreinterestingmix.Citypeopletendtocomefromalotofdifferentplacesandmovearoundalot.So.thereisn'tthesenseofcommunityinthecitythatyouhaveinthecountry.Peopleinthecitycanliveinthesameapartmentbuildingfortwentyyearsandnevergettoknowtheirneighbors.Inthecountry,everybodyknowseverybody.Forachild,thismeansthecountryismoresecure.Achildcangetlostorhurtinthecityandhavenoonetoturnto.Inthecountry,everyone'saneighbor.Peopleinthecountryfeelconnectedtoeachother.Achildgrowingupinthecityhastheadvantagesofalotofinterestingandexcitingplacetovisit.Heorshecangotothezoo,museum,artgalleriesandconcerts.Therearealotofrestaurantswithdifferentkindsoffood.It'seasytoseeeverynewmoviethatcomesout.Childinthecountrydon'thavealotoftheseactivitiesnearby.Allinall.Ithinkachildhoodinthecityisbetterbecauseitpreparesyoumoreibrwhatreallifeislike.155篇大学应背英语课文(二)16EXIngeneral.peoplearelivinglongernow.Discussthecausesofthisphenomenon.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstodevelopyouressay.Todaypeoplearelivingtobemucholderthaneverbefore.Someofthemainreasonsforthisaretheimprovedhealthcareandbetternutritionavailabletoeveryone.Medicalcareismoreavailabletopeople.Althoughnoteveryonecangetthebestheathcare,everyonecangetbasicheathcareandadvice.Whenpeopleareseriouslyill,theycangotoapublichospitalandbetakencareof.Yearsago,healthcarewasn'tavailabletoeveryone.Somepeopledidn'tlivenearadoctororahospital,andotherscouldn'tpayforthecaretheyneeded.Theymadedowithherbalmedicinesorfolkremedies.Ofcourse,someoftheseworked,butnotforthemoreseriousdiseases.Thequalityofmedicalcarehasimproved.That'salsoafactorinlongevity.Doctorsknowmorenowaboutwhatcausesdiseaseandhowtocareit.Yearsago,doctorsonlyknewaboutthemostbasicdiseasesandcures.Medicinewasnotveryadvanced.Youcoulddiefromsomethingassimpleasaninfectionfromacut.Nowwehaveantibioticsandothermedicinestohelpcureinfections.Peoplearealsolivinglongernowbecauseofbetternutrition.蚀'reeatingbetterandmorehealthfullythanweusedto.That'sreducedthenumberofpeoplewithheartdiseaseandcancer.Mfetrytoeatlow-fatfoodsandeatmorevegetableandfruits,whicharenowavailableyear-round.Improvedmedicalcareandhealthyeatinghabitshasgreatlyexpandedourlifespans.Whatweneedtodonowismakesurethateveryoneintheworldhasthesebenefits.17Ex伙allworkorwillworkinourjobswithmanydifferentkindsofpeople,inyouropinion,whataresomeimportantcharacteristicsofaco-worker(someoneyouworkcloselywith)?Usereasonsandspecificexampletoexplainwhythesecharacteristicsareimportant.Wespendmoretimewithourco-workersduringaweekthanwedowithourfamily.Thus,it'simportantforourcoworkerstobepeoplewecangetalongwith.I'veworkedinalotofoffices,andI'vefoundtherearecertaincharacteristicsthatallgoodco-workershaveincommon.Agoodco-workerisverycooperative,Shedoesherbesttogetalongwithothers.Shetriestokeepherendofthingsflowingsmoothlytohelpothersintheoffice.Sherealizesthatifonepersondoesn'tgetherworkdone,itcanholdupeveryoneelse.Shehasapositiveattitudethatcreatesapleasantworkingenvironment.Agoodco-workerisadaptable.Sheisnotstubbornaboutchangesinschedulesorroutines,anddoesn'tobjecttohavingherjobdescriptionrevised.Thatcanmakelifemiserableforeveryonearoundher.Agoodco-workeriswillingtochangeherscheduletoaccommodateanotherworker'semergency.Shehasnoproblemwithnewproceduresandwelcomeschangeswhentheycome.Agoodco-workerishelpful.Shepitchesinwhensomeonefallsbehindinhisorherwork.She,swillingtodowhateverittakestogetthejobdone.Shedoesn'tkeeptrackofhowoftenshehastofinishanother'sworkortakeonextrawork.Someco-workersdotheirownjob.period.Theyhavenosenseofofficecommunity.Theyonlywanttodotheirwork,getpaidandgohome.Agoodco-workerisasympatheticlistener,andneveruseswhatshelearnsagainstpeople,shedoesn'tgossip.Abadco-workerusesnegativerumorstotakeadvantageofothers.Beingagoodco-workerisn'ttoohard,butsomepeoplejustcan'tseemtomanageit.Wouldn'titbeawonderfulworldifeveryonecould?18ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Sometimesitisbetternottotellthetruth.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Iagreethatsometimesitisbetternottotellthetruth.Insomecasesthetruthisgoingtohurtsomeoneandnogoodwillbegainedbyit.Ifso.thenIdon'tthinkthatpersonshouldbetoldthetmth.Therearetimeswhenapersonneedstoknowthetruthinordertomakeanimportantdecision.Therearealsotimeswhentellingthetruthistheonlywaytohelpsomeonewho'sbeingself-destructive.However,oftentellingthetruthonlybenefitstheteller,notthepersonbeingtold.Ifsomeonehassaidsomethingnastyaboutaperson,thosewordsdon'tneedtoberepeated.However,whatifapersonhastoldashamefulsecrettoafriend,andthatfriendhastoldthesecrettoothers?Thenthatpersonneedstoknowthatshecan'ttrustherfriend.Otherwise.shemighttellthatfriendothersecrets.Whatifsomeoneisdoingsomethingself-destructive,likepartyingallnightincollegeinsteadofstudying?Thenheneedstobetoldthatthisbehaviorisupsettinghisfriendwhoareworriedabouthim.However,ifheskipsclassandteacheraskshisfriendwhyheisn'tthere,it'snotnecessaryforthefriendtotellthetruth.Hedoesn'thavetobe,buthealsodoesn'thavetogiveinformationabouthisfriend'sbehavior.Sometimespeopleneedstoknowthetruthbeforetheycanmakeanimportantdecision.Supposeyou'resellingyourhouseandyouknowthere'swaterinthebasement.Thenyoushouldtellthetruthaboutthattoanyoneinterestinginbuyingyourhouse.Ifyoudon't,youcouldbeintroublelegallyaswellasethically!However,youdon't
6needtotellthetruthaboutthecrankyneighborwholivesnextdoor.Theneighbormaynotbeascrankywithsomeoneelseashewaswithyou.SometimesIt'sbetternottotell.15ADInsomecountries,teenagerhavejobswhiletheyarestillsrudents.Doyouthinkthisisagoodidea?Supportyouropinionbyusingspecificreasonsanddetails.Idon'tthinkitisagoodideasforteenagerstohavejobswhiletheyarestillstudents.Itcaninterferewiththeirstudies.Itcandisrupttheirhomelife,andittakesawaypartoftheirchildhoodthattheircanneverreplace.Educationtodayisverycomplexanddifficult.Inordertolearnandgetgoodgrades,astudentmustworkveryhardandconcentrate.Thismeansattendingclassesfromearlyinthemorninguntillateafternoon,thendoingresearchforprojects,thengoinghomeanddoinghomework.It,sabusyscheduleforeveryone.Forsomeonetryingtoholddownajob.it'sevenharder.Studentsneedalltheirenergyfortheirstudies.Ifthey'reworkingafterclassatnight,they'regoingtobetiredthenextday.Theywon'tbeabletoconcentrate.Thiswillhaveanegativeimpactontheirlearning,andeventuallyontheirgrades.Havingajobcanalsodisruptateenager'shomelife.Familiesspendlessandlesstimetogether.Ifateenagerhasajobtogotoafterschool,hewon'tbehomefordinner.Hewon'tbehomeafterdinnereither,andmaynotgethomeuntillateatnight.Thismeanshedoesn'thavealotoftimetospendwithhisfamily.Ifhedoesn'thaveacar,itcanmeanchangesinhisparents*schedule,too.Theyhavetodrivehimtoworkandpickhimup.Themaindrawbackofateenagerhavingajobwhilehe'sstillastudentisthathe'smissingoutonthefunofbeingyoung.Hehasawholelifetimeinwhichhe'llhavetoearnaliving.Thisisthelastfreetimehe'llhave.It'sthelastchancehe'llhavetohangoutwithfriendsandjustenjoyhimself.Soonenoughhe'llhavetoworryaboutpayingtherentandbuyingfood.Jobsbringmoney,butmoneyisn'teverything.Ateenagerwithajobgivesustoomuch.Nooneshouldspendallhistimeatworking,andespeciallynotateenager.16PRApersonyouknowisplanningtomovetoyourtownorcity.Whatdoyouthinkthispersonwouldlikeanddislikeaboutlivinginyourtownorcity?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstodevelopyouressay.Afriendofminefromcollegeismovingtomycity,soIhavebeenthinkingaboutwhatshewouldandwouldn'tlikeaboutit.I'dsaythequalityoflifehere,asfarasfunandactivitiesareconcerned,isverygood.Thequalityoflifeisn'tverygood,though,inotherimportantways.Livinginalagercityisexciting,butyoupayapriceforit.Therearelotsofinterestingthingstodo,andgoodrestaurantswithfoodfromaroundtheworld.Therearemuseums,artgalleries,andlotsofmovietheaters.However,thecrimerateishigh,andpeoplehavetobecarefulaboutwheretheygoatnight.There'salotoftrafficmostofthetime,andfindingaparkingspacecanbeaproblem.Therearealsoalotofpeoplelivinghere.Sometimesitfeelstoocrowded.Inabigcitylikemine,housingisveryexpensive.Ifcostsalotevenifyou'rejustrentinganefficiencyapartment.Thegoodsideisthatthere'salotofchoiceaboutwhereyouwanttoliveandhowyouwanttolive.Youcanfindapartmentofallsizesindifferentsettings.Housesofequalvarietyareavailableforsaleorrent.Ifmyfriendlikesthegreatoutdoors,shemightbedisappointed.Unfortunately,mycitydoesn'thavealotofwideopengreenspaces,andtherearen'talotoftreesonthestreets.We'renotneartheocean,andthemountainsareaday'sdrivefromhere.Still,wedohavesomenaturalareas.Forexample,wehaveabeautifulbigpark.Itevenhasalakeinthemiddlethat'susedforiceskatinginthewinter.There'sadifferentkindofbeautyinthecity.Thinkingaboutit.Isupposewhethermyfriendlikesmycitywilldependonwhetherornotshelikesexcitingplaces.Ihopeshelikesalotofvarietyasfarashousingandactivitiesareconcerned.Ifshedoes,thenthisistheplaceforher.17ADIthasrecentlybeenannouncedthatlargeshoppingcentermaybebuiltinyourneighborhood.Doyousupportoropposethisplan?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Therewouldbebothadvantagesanddisadvantagestohavingashoppingcenterbuiltinmyneighborhood.Oneadvantagewouldbetheconvenience.Iwouldliketohaveallthosestorescloseby.ShoppingwouldbemucheasierandfasterbecauseIwouldn'thavetodrivegreatdistancestogettothestores.Ashoppingcenterwouldmeanmorechoices,becausetherewouldbemorestoressellingdifferentproducts.Imighthaveamovietheaternearby,becausesomanyshoppingcentersthesedaysincludemovietheatersintheirplans.Mostshoppingcentersalsohaverestaurantsandafoodcourt.Thalmeansagreatervarietyofplacestoeatinourarea.Havingashoppingcenterbuiltintheneighborhoodwouldalsomeanmorejobsforthecommunity.Initially,thesejobswouldbeinthebuildingofthecenter.Laterthejobswouldbeinthestores,theaters,andfoodestablishments.Ofcourse,thesewouldbesomedisadvantages,too.Probablythebiggestproblemwouldbetraffic.Alotofpeoplewouldbecomingtotheshoppingcenter.They'ddrivethroughourneighborhoodtogettothecenter.Inaddition,iftherewasn'tenoughparkingatthecenter,theymightlookforparkingspacenearourhomes.Ashoppingcentermightalsoinvitemorecrimeintoourneighborhood.Parkinglotsafterdarkareabigtemptationtorobbers.Theyknowpeoplearetherewithmoneytospend.Theshoppingcentermightalsobecomeaplacewhereunrulyteenagerswouldgather.Thiscouldcausetrouble.Ourtownwouldneedacommunitycenterforthemtogotoinstead.Onthewhole,though,Ithinkmyneighborhoodshouldsupporthavingashoppingcenterbuilthere.Itwouldbringmorevarietytoourshopping,giveustheopportunitytoamuseourselvesatmoviestheatersandrestaurants,andbringmorejobsintothearea.18ADIthasrecentlybeenannouncedthatanewmoviestheatermaybebuiltinyourneighborhood.Doyousupportoropposethisplan?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Somepeoplewillsaythatanewmovietheaterinourneighborhoodwouldbeabadthing.However,Ifullysupporttheplantobuildone.Ifeelthatamovietheaterwouldbringmoreopportunitiesforrecreation,reduceteenagedelinquency,andleadtoseveralimprovementsinthetown.Asitstands,thereislittletodoinmytown.Therearenoparkshere,andthereiscertainlynonightlife.Additionally,thenearestmoviestheaterismorethanthirty
7minutesaway.Thatisinconvenientforeveryonehere.Manymoviesendlateatnight.Whowanttoalongdrivehomeat11:30p.m.ormidnight?Buildinganewmovietheaterherewillreducejuveniledelinquency.Likeeveryoneelse,teensherearebored.Theyneedactivitiestokeepthembusyandoutoftrouble.Thejobsthatthetheatrewillprovidewillhelpteens,loo.蚀needmorebusinessesthatarewillingandeagerloemployyoungpeople.Overall,thenewtheaterwillbringmanyimprovementstothetown.Forexample,itwillhelpotherbusinesses.Thatisbecausethemovietheaterwillattractcustomersfromneighboringtowns.Thoseneighborsdonothaveareasontocometothistownnow.However,iftheyarecominghereforamovies,theywillbemorelikelytostayheretoshop.Ifwegetmorevisitors,we'llneedbetterroads.Whilethismaybecostly,itwillalsomaketraveleasierfbrpeoplelivinghere.Wewillbeabletogetaroundfaster.Safetywillbeimprovedwiththenewroads,becausetheywillbeinbetterconditionthanmanythatwehavenow.Ibelievethatourtownneedsanewmovietheater.Again.Isupportitfully.Ihopethatothersinourcommunitywilljoinmetoconvinceresidentsandlocalgovemmeni.15ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldsometimesdothingsthattheydonotenjoyingdoing.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.1agreethatpeopleshouldsometimesdothingsthattheydon'tenjoydoing.Thisisabasicpartofbeinganadult.Plus,somethingsthataren't"fiin"arestillgoodforusinthelongrun.Takepersonaltasks.Whoenjoysgoingtothedentist?Veryfewpeopleenjoyhavingtheirannualcheck-upwiththedoctor.Notalotofpeopleenjoychangingtheoilintheircarormovingtheirlawns.Theseareallthingswedobecausewehaveto,notbecausewewantto.Wferealizethattakingcareofourphysicalhealthisthesensiblethingtodo.蚀knowthatifwedon'tchangetheoilinourcars,ourcarswon'trun.Wbunderstandthatgrassgrowsandifwedon'tmowit,ourlawnswilllookliketro^calforests.Professionaltaskedareanotherpartofthesameequation.Noonelikestobestuckwithaboringassignmentortobetoldwehavetoworkwithsomeonenooneelsegetsalongwith.Sometimeswehavetoputupwithunfaircriticismfromasupervisororresentmentfromthosewesupervise.Ifwe'reinmanagement.,wemayhavehadtheunpleasanttaskofhavingtofiresomeone.Noneofthesearefunthings,Unfortunately,they'reallpartofearningaliving,somethingthemajorityofadultshavetodo.Ontheotherhand,sometimesdoingsomethingwedon'tenjoydoingcanleadtoenjoyment.Simplybytryingitagain,wemaydecidewelikedoingit.forinstance,wemayhaveconvincesourselveswehatetodance.佻agreetogotoaclubonlytopleasesomeoneelse.Yet,forsomereason,thistimeweenjoyingdancing.We'vebeencheatingourselvesofenjoymentwithoutevenknowingit.Thesamecanbetrueoftryingnewfoodsoranewtypeofmuseum.Doingwhatwedon'tenjoydoesn'talwayshavetobeabother,doesit?It'sjustpartoflife.16ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Television,newspapers,magazines,andothermediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeoplesuchaspublicfiguresandcelebrities.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouropinion.Ithinkthemediapaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesoffamouspeople.Television,newspapermagazinesandwebsitesdigupallkindsofpastbadactions.Theysaythatthesearetruereflectionsofaperson'scharacter.Thismaybetrueiftheyoccurredonlyafewyearsbefore,butsomeofthesearethingspeopledidasteenagers.Peopleintheirfortiesareexpectedtoexplainsomethingiheydidwhentheywerefifteen.Ifiheykilledsomeone,obviouslythat'smorethanayouthfulmistake.Usually,though,theseincidentsinvolveexperimentswithdrugsorbeingrecklessinacar.They'renotsomethingthatthepublicneedstoknow.Themedialovetosaythatthepublichasarighttoknow.That'snottrue.Nedon'tneedtoknowifamoviestarorpoliticianhashadanextramaritalaffair.Thatissomethingofconcernonlytothepeopleinvolved.Wedoneedtoknowifsomeonewe'reelectingtopublicofficehasbeeninvolvedinshadybusinessdeals,butwedon'tneedtoknowifheorshedefaultedonaloantwentyyearsago.Itseemsthemediadigupthesefactswithoutgivingthoughtfulconsiderationtowhatmighthappen.Ithasaneffectonthecelebrit/sfamily,especiallythechildren.Acelebrity'sgoodnameandcredibilitymayberuinedbeforeheorshecanprovethatrumorsarefalse.Ifacasegoestocourt,payingalawyercanuseupalltheirmoney.Evenifitdoesn'tcometothat,theymayfindtheircareerruined.Whenarewe,thepublic,goingtomakeitcleartothemediathatwe'retiredofhavingtowatchthiskindofthingonthenews?Wouldn'titbebetteriftheywouldconcentrateonmoreimportantissues?17PRSomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingharmed(damaged)byhumanactivity.OthersthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Thequalityofhumanlifehasimprovedgreatlyoverthepastfewcenturies,butEarthisbeingharmedmoreandmorebyhumanactivity.Aswedevelopourtechnology,wedemandmorefromourplanet.Eventually,thiswillhiirmpeopleaswell.Ourplanetgivesuseverythingweneed,butnaturalresourcesarenotendless.Stripminingdevastateswholeregions,leavingbareanduselessground.Deforestationremovesoldgrowthtreesthatcan'tbereplaced,loomuchfishingmayharmfishpopulationstothepointwheretheycan'trecover.Wearetoocarelessintakingwhatwewantwithoutgivinganythingback.Therearemorepeoplethanever,livinglongerthatever.Soisitanysurprisethatmanyareassufferfromtoomuchdevelopment?Anyonelivinginornearacityhasexperienced"urbansprawl'*.Thereisanewshoppingareaoneverycomerandnewhouses,townhousesandapartmentseverywhere.Trafficgetsworseandworsebecauseplannerscan'tkeepupwithgrowth.Keepingupwithhumandemandishardenough.Environmentalconcernscomeinlast.Withgrowthcomespollution.Companiesandcommunitiesdumpwasteintowater.Landfillsarefulloftrash.Emissionsfromfactoriespollutetheair.Barrelsofindustrialwasteandworse,radioactivewaste,havenosafeplacetogo.Ifwe'renotcareful,wecanharmourplanetbeyondrepair.PeopleneedtorespecttheEarthandtrytopreserveit.Ifwedon't,whatkindoffuturewillwehave?18.Ithasrecentlybeenannouncedthatanewhighschoolmaybebuiltinyourneighborhood.Doyousupportoropposethisplan?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailsinyouranswer.
8Iopposehavinganewhighschoolbuiltinmyneighborhood.AlthoughIknowthere'sarealneedforanewfacility,IhavetosaythatIdon'twantonebuiltsoclosetome.Ithinkitwouldcausealotofjwoblems.Firstofall,thereareveryfewteenagersinthisneighborhood,orinoursuburbansubdivision,forthatmatter.Mostoftheresidentshereareeitherretiredorarejuststartingoutwithyoungchildren.Thismeansthatthekidscomingtothenewhighschoolwouldn'tbewalking.Theywouldcomeonbusesorwouldbedrivingtotheschool.Eitherway,thiswouldmeanalotmoretrafficonourstreets.Inadditiontothetrafficonschooldays,therealsowouldbetrafficwhenevertherewasasportingevent,suchasabasketballorfootballgame,oractivitiesattheschool.Wouldtherebeenoughparkingintheschoollotforeveryoneattendingthoseevents?Probablynot.Consequently,thoseextracarswouldendupourneighborhood.MyneighborsandIwouldalsobeupsetaboutthelossofthepark,whichisthesitethat'sbeenselectedforthehighschool.Motherswithyoungchildrengatherthereeverymorningfortheirkidstoplaytogether.Peoplemyageliketotakeawalkafterdinner.Onweekends,thatparkisaplaceforpicnicandrelaxation.We'dbesorrytoloseourneighborhoodpark.Ialsohavesomeconcernsaboutallthoseyoungpeoplebeinginourneighborhood.Wouldtherebeproblemswithdrugsorfights?Couldtheschooldistrictguaranteeusthatsecuritywouldbeapriority?TheseareconcernsthatIdon'tthinkcanbeaddressedsufficientlyformetosupportanewhighschoolinmyneighborhood.15Somepeoplespendtheirentirelivesinoneplace.Othersmoveanumberoftimesthroughouttheirlives,lookingforabetterjob,house,community,orevenclimate.Whichdoyouprefer:sayinginoneplaceormovinginsearchofanotherplace?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouropinion.EventhoughIhavelivedinthesamehouse,inthesameneighborhood,inthesamecitymyentirelife.IknowIwouldbehappylivinginavarietyofplace.Movingwouldexposemetonewpeople,newweather,andnewhousing.EvenifIweretomovetoanotherpartofmycity,Iwouldencounternewpeople.Eachneighborhoodhasadistinctpersonality.WhenImovetothatneighborhood,Iwouldmeettheshopkeepersandresidentsthatshapethatpersonality.ImayevenadoptpartoftheremannerasmyownsoIcouldberecognizedaspartofthatcommunity.IfIwanttoencounterdifferentweatherpatterns,Iwouldhavetomovebeyondmycity.WhereIlivenow,itisthesametemperatureallyear,IwouldliketogotoaplacewheretherearefourseasonssoIcanexperiencereallycoldtemperatures.Iwouldliketowalkinthesnowandperhapsgoskiing.IcouldlearnwintersportsifIlivedinthenorth.Nowofcourse,Ilivewithmyparentsintheirhome.Itisaonestoryhousebuiltaroundacourtyardwhereourfamilyspendsalotoflime.IfIweretomove,IwouldliketoliveinanapartmentonaveryhighfloorsoIcouldseeallaroundme.Icouldalsomeetmyneighborsintheelevatorandwecouldgettogetherforcoffeeinmyapartment.ThemoreImovethemoreIwouldexperiencechange.IwouldmeetnewpeopleineveryplaceIlived;IcouldmovetosamplecountrieswithfourseasonsorevenacontinentlikeAntarcticawhichonlyhastwo.WhereverIlived,Iwouldexperiencelivinginhousingparticulartothatarea.1wouldthenbeacitizenoftheworld,wouldn'tI?CouldyoucallmeaforeignerifIcalledeveryplacemyhome?16.Isitbettertoenjoyyourmoneywhenyouearnitorisitbettertosaveyourmoneyforsometimeinthefuture?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.**Saveitforrainyday.',That'smymotto.WhenIhaveachoicebetweenspendingmymoneyorputtingitinmysavingsaccountatthebank,Ialwaysputitinthebank.Iwillhavealotofexpensesinthefuturelikemyeducation,travel,andunforeseenemergencies.Ineedtohavemoneysetasidefortheseexpenses.Educationisexpensive.Ican'tdependonmyparentstopayallmybills.Ihavetuition,roomandboard,books,andincidentalexpensestopayfor.I'lltrytogetascholarshiptocoversomeofthesecosts,butIknowIwillberesponsibleforalotoftheexpenses.IfIspendmymoneynow,Iwon'tbeabletopayformyeducation.Ineedtosavemoneyformyeducation.Travelisalsoveryexpensive.Idon'tmeanvacationtravel.Imeantraveltogettoandfromschool.Transpacificairfarecostsalotevenspecialreducedfares.Ifirsthavetogettoschoolandthen,ofcourse,Iwanttoreturntomyfamilyforimportantfestivalsandoccasions.Goingbackandforthwillbecosily,butworthit.Ineedtosavemoneyforthesetrips.Emergenciescouldarriveatanymoment.1mighthaveanunexpectedillnesswhileIamatschool.Theremightbecoststhatwon'tcoveredbytheschoolinsurance.Oneofmyfamilymembersmayneedhelp,Iwillhavetosendthemmoney.Youcan'tpredictemergencieslikethis,butyoucanbeprepared.Ineedtosavemoneyfortheseemergencies.Whenyouarenotrich,youcannotspendyourmoneycarelessly.Youmustplanahead.1knowinmylife,Iwillhaveexpensesformyschoolingandfortravellingtoandfrommyhome.IknowthatIwillalsohaveunexpectedexpensesrelatedtounforeseenemergencies.Imustbeprepared.Ineedtosavemoneyfbrtheseevents.17.Ybuhavereceivedagiftofmoney.Themoneyisenoughtobuyeitherapieceofjewelryyoulikeorticketstoaconcertyouwanttoattend.Whichwouldyoubuy?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Thechoicebetweenspendingmoneyonticketstoaconcertorspendingmoneyonjewelryisaneasyone.Giventhischoice,Iwouldbuyjewelry.Thereasonsareobvious,jewelryisaninvestment;itispermanent;anditisfashionable.Jewelrylikeagoldbraceletforexampleisaverygoodinvestment.Itisimportantforwomen(andforman,too)tohavegoldjewelry.Ifyouhavesomeseriousfinancialproblem,youcouldalwayssellyourjewelrytohelpyouoveranyroughspots.Youcouldnotsellyourusedconcertticket.Jewelry,unlessyousellit,ispermanent.Youalwayshaveitware.Eachtimeyouputiton,youwillrememberthedayyouboughtit.Itwillgiveyoupleasureforyearsandyears.Youcouldnotweartheticketstubfromtheconcert.Jewelryisveryfashionable.Iwouldfeelverysmartwearingabeautifulgoldbraceletordiamondpin.Peoplewouldcommentandtellmehowmuchtheylovedmyjewelry.Theywouldcomplimentmeonmygoodtaste.Iwouldfeelveryrichwithmyjewelry.Iwouldhaveagoodinvestmentwhichispermanentandfashionable.Then,whensomeoneinvitesmetoaconcert(andpaysformyticket),Iwillhavesomethingbeautifultowear.35.Youmustselectapersontoteachotherstodoajob.Whichoneofthefollowingisthemostimportantforyoutoconsiderinmakingyouselection?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Trainingsomeonetodoajobisanimportanttask.Itrequiresagoodeducation,workexperience,andskilledjobperformance.Ofthesethreerequirements.Ibelieveitismostimportantthatapotentialjobtrainerbejudgedonthequalityofhisorherpreviouswork.Apersonmaybewelleducated,butnotabletoperformajobproficiently.Adoctormayknowhowtotreatchildhooddiseases,butnotbeabletotrainmedicalstudentstoperformsurgery.Anaccountantmaybeabletobalanceacompany'saccounts,butnotbeabletohelpthecompany'sexecutivesinvesttheirmoney.Apersonmayhavealotofwork
9experience,butnotbeabletodothejobwell.Timeisnotthebestmeasureofquality.Amothermayspend17-yearsraisingherchildren,butnotbeabletotrainyoungmotherstocarefortheirinfants.Atypistmayhavetypedten-yearsworthofletters,butmaynottypeover30wordsaminute.Apersonwhodoesajobwellistheoneyouwanttobeatrainer.Iwanttolearntoflyaplanefromapilotwhohasfacedalotofmechanicalproblemsinflightandneverhadanaccident.Iwanttolearnhowtomakemoneyfromabillionairenotformasalariedinvestmentbroker.Asinallthings,itisqualitythatwelookfor.notgeneralknowledgeortimespentinanoccupation.Iwantotherstolearnfromthebest,sotheycanbethebest.too.36.Businessshouldhireemployeesfortheirentirelives.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Insomebusinesscultures,itisthepracticetohireworkerswhentheyareyoungandemploythemuntiltheyretire.Inotherbusinessculturescompanieshirepeopletodoajobandthenfirethemwhentheyarenotneeded.Tome,theimportantconsiderationsintoday'seconomyisjobperformance:speedandchange.Loyaltyisnotaconsideration.Todaythereisalotofcompetitionandweneedtohireworkerswhocanperformataskwell.Weneedtofindskilledworkerswhocandoajobwithoutalotoftraining.Weneedtomatchthejobtotheworker,and,ifthejobchanges,wechangetheworker.Becauseofthisincreasedcompetition,weneedtobeabletoproduceourgoodsorservicesquickly.蚀needyoungpeoplewhoarewillingtoputinlonghours.needyoungpeoplewhoareaggressiveandwillpushthemselvestodotheirjobfaster.Inordertocompete,wehavetobeinnovative.Bychangingourworkforcefrequently,wecanbringinnewideas.WfemustITheperson'seducationITheperson'sworkexperience1Thequalityoftheperson'spreviousworkconstantlybelookingfornewwaystodonewthings.Wfeneedfreshworkerswithfreshpointsofview.Althoughacompany'sloyaltytoaworkerandaworkersloyaltytoacompanyisanobleidea,itisnotpracticaltoday.Skilledworkersdonotwanttobetieddowntoonecompany;theywanttheflexibilitytoimprovetheiropportunities.Changemakestheeconomypowerful.37.Countries,businesses,andschoolsarethreeareasthatneedgoodleaders.Chooseoneofthesethreeareasanddescribethemostimportantqualitiesofaleaderinthatarea.Explainwhythesequalitiesareimportant,usingspecificexamplesanddetails.Theprincipalofaschoolisoneofourfirstencounterswithafigureofauthority.Consequently,heorshemustbeagoodexampleofaleader.Theprincipalmustbefirm,fairandforesightedwhichareimportantqualitiesofaprincipal.Whenaprincipalannouncesarule,youmustunderstandthatheorshemeansit.Ifarulerequiresallstudentstobeintheirseatswhenthebellrings,therulemustbeenforced.Ifstudentsareoutoftheirseats,theyshouldbepunished.Ifarulerequiresthatstudentsnotwearbatsinschool,therulemustbeenforced.Ifstudentswearbats,thebatsmustbetakenawayfromthem.Aprincipalmustbefirm.Whenaprincipalenforcesarule,youmustunderstandthatheorshewilltreateveryoneequally.IfIgetcaughteatingatmydesk.Imustreceivethesamepunishmentthatmyclassmategotwhenshegotcaughteatingatherdesk.Ifasophomoreislateforschool,heorshemustreceivethesamepunishmentthataseniorwould.Aprincipalmustbefair.Whenaprincipalestablishesarule,youmustunderstandthatheorshehasagoodreasonforit.Ifarulerequiresthatstudentsmustparticipateinextracurricularsports,youshouldunderstandthattheprincipalknowsthatastrongbodyaswellasastrongmindwillhelpusinthefuture.Ifarulerequiresthatstudentsmustdotwohoursofvolunteerworkinthecommunityeachweek,youshouldunderstandthattheprincipalknowsthatcloseinvolvementinthecommunitybuildsstrongcharacter.Aprincipalmustbeforesighted.Aprincipal'sjobisnotaseasyone.Ionlyhopethatinthefuture.IcanmodelmyownleadershipabilitiesontheonesIobservedinschool.IhopeIcanbeasfirm,fair,andforesightedasmyprincipal.38Chooseoneofthefollowingtransportationvehiclesandexplainwhyyouthinkithaschangedpeople'slives.IAutomobilesIBicyclesIAirplanesUsespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Anairplaneisaformoftransportationthathaschangedpeople'slives.Thankstotheplane,ourlivesarenowfaster,moreexciting,andmoreconvenientthatbefore.Youcannotdenythataplaneisfast.Forexample,theConcordefliesatsupersonicspeed.AbusinessmancanleaveParisat11a.m.inthemorningandarriveinNewYorkat8a.m.thesamemorningintimeforaday,swork.ManybusinesspeopleinEuropewillflytoLondonforanoonmorningintimeforaday'swork.ManybusinesspeopleinEuropewillfly（oLondonforanoonmeetingandthenreturnhometoRomeorMadridfordinner.Itisalwaysexcitingtotakeaplanetrip.Whenyoutakeatripbyplane,youknowthatyoumightcrossmanytimezones,manyoceans,andmanycountries.Whenyougetofftheplane,youcouldbeinaplacethatspeaksadifferentlanguage.Aplaneislikeamagician'strick.Yougetinaboxandyoucomeoutsomewheretotallydifferent.Nothingcanbeattheconvenienceofaplane.Intheolddays,itmighttakeyoudaystodowhattheplanecandoitanhour.Boats,forexample,onlyleaveoncertaindaysoftheweekandtakealongtimetogettotheirdestination.Planesgiveyoutheoptiontoleaveseveraltimesadayandgetyoutoyourdestinationquickly.Althoughotherformsoftransportationmaybemorecomfortable,nonehaschangedthewaywedobusinessandliveourlivesmorethantheplane.Thankstothespeed,excitement,andconvenienceoftheplanes,ourlivesarericher.39.Doyouagreeordisagreethatprogressisalwaysgood?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Whowoulddisagreewiththestatement“progressisgood''?Withoutprogress,therewouldbenochange.Withoutprogress,therewouldbenochangeinoureconomy,ourstandardofliving,orourhealth.Progressisrequiredtokeeptheeconomymovingforward.Newproductsneedtobedeveloped;newservicesneedtobecreated.Withoutprogress,oureconomywouldstandstill.Therewouldbenochange.Withoutprogress,therewouldbenosupermarketswithfressproducebroughtinfromallovertheworld.Progressisrequiredtoimproveourstandardofliving.Ourhomestodayaremoreefficientanduselessnaturalresourcesthankstoimprovementinhomeconstructiontechniques.Ourclothesarewarmerand
10saferthankstodevelopmentsintextilemanufacturing.OureducationalsystemisbetterthankstotheuseofthecomputersandtheInternet.Progressisrequiredtoimprovetheheathoftheworldpopulation.Withoutprogress,therewouldbenovaccinesagainstdeadlydiseaseslikesmallpox.Withoutprogress,therewouldbeincreasedinfantmortality.Thankstoprogress,ourlivesarelongerandhealthier.Progressisanaturalstate.Withoutit.wewouldnotevolve.Withoutit,oureconomy,ourstandardofliving,andourhealthwoulddeteriorate.Whocoulddenythenecessityofprogress.36Learningaboutthepasthasnovalueforthoseofuslivinginthepresent.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Peopleoftensay“Thosewhodon'tunderstandhistorywillrepeatthemistakesofthepast.',Itotallydisagree.Idon'tseeanyevidencethatpeoplehavemadesmartdecisionsbasedontheirknowledgeofthepast.Tome,thepresentiswhatisimportant,notthepast.Ithinkthatpeople,theweather,andpoliticsdeterminewhathappens,notthepast.Peoplecanchange.Necan'tassumethatpeoplewillcontinuetohateoneanotherjustbecausetheyhavehadhatedoneanotherforyears.LookatHirkeyandGreece.WhenTurkeyhadanearthquake.Greecesentaid.WhenGreecehadaneanhquake.Tbrkeysentaid.Now,thesetwocountriesarecooperatingandlookingforwardtoimprovedrelations.Nodoubt,ifwelookedatthepast,wecouldhavethoughtthiswasalostcause.Butpeoplechange.Theweathercanchange.Farmersthinkthattheycanplantcertaincropsbecausethesecropshavealwaysgrownwellintheirfieldsbefore.Buttheweathercanchange.Therecanbealongdrought.Thecropsthathavealwaysworkedwell,willdie.Adrought-resistantcropneedstobetried.Ifwelookedatthepast,wewouldnothavechangedourcropandwewouldhavelostourfarm,fatherchanges.Politicsanchange.Accordingtomywayofthinking,politiciansmustberesponsivetochangesinthepeople.Ifpoliticianslookedonlyatthepast,theywouldalwayssaythesamething.Peoplechange.Onthewhole,peopletodaycareabouthumanrights.Theywamallpeopletohavetheequalrights.IfwelookedatthepastintheUnitedStates,wewouldseealolofdiscriminationagainstraces,women,andsexualorientation.Now,thatischanging.Politicianschanges,too.Asarulewhatisimportanttodayistofollowthemoodofthemoment.Wecan'tbelookedinthepast.Itdoesn'tdousanygoodtothinkaboutthepast.People,theweather,andpoliticscanchangeinanydirection.Thedirectionofthis155篇大学应背英语课文（三）37ADrheexpression“Never,nevergiveup“meanstokeeptryingandneverstopworkingfbryourgoals.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer."Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,try,tryagain."'Thesearewisewords.Oneshouldnevergiveup.Thereisalwaysanotheropportunity,anothergoal,oranotheroption.Once1ranfbrpresidentofmyclass.Unfortunately,Ilost.IlostbecauseIdidnotpromotemyselfenough.Ilookedatmymistakesanddecidedhowtocorrectthem.Thefollowingyear,1ranforpresidentagain.ThistimeIgavespeeches,calledvotersonthephone,andbandedoutbrochures.ThistimeIwon.Nevergiveup.Thereisalwaysanotheropportunity.OnceIwantedtostudymedicine.Unfortunately,Ididn'tlikescience.Ifailedallmysciencecoursesatschool.ThenIrealizedthatwhatIlikedaboutmedicinewashelpingpeople.Ichangedmygoalfromhealingpeopletohelpingpeople.Now,I'mstudyingpsychology.Thereisalwaysanothergoal.OnceIwantedtotalkwithmyfriend.Unfortunately,hiscomputerwasdownandIcouldn'te-mailhim.HisphonelinewasbusysoIcouldn'tcallhim.MailwouldtaketoolongsoIcouldn'twritehim.SinceIreallywantedtotalkwithhim.1gotonthebusandwentacrosstowntovisithim.Thereisalwaysanotheroption.Ifyougiveup,youmightaswelldie.Myadviceistoalwayslookforanotheropportunity,anothergoal,oranotheroption.Thereisalwayssomethingelse.Don'tgiveup.38ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?With(hehelpoftechnology,studentnowadayscanlearnmoreinformationandlearnitmorequickly.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Technologyhasgreatlyimprovedthewaywegelinformation.Studentscannowgetmoreinformation,getitmorequickly,andgetitmoreconveniently.TheInternetandtheMrldWide蚀bhasopenedeverymajorlibraryanddatabasetostudentsaroundtheworld.Informationcomesnotonlyinprintform,butalsoinmultimedia.Youcangetaudioandvideodata.Youcangetinformationabouteventinthepastaswellaseventsthatunfoldasyouwatchyourcomputermonitor.InformationcomesatthespeedoftheInternet,whichistosayinnanoseconds.Youcantypeinafewkeywordsinyoursearchengine,andtheenginewillsearchtheentirewwwtofindinformationonyourtopic.Youdon'thavetospendhourspouringovercardcatalogsinthelibraryandlookingattheshelves.ThisresearchisdoneforyouinstantlyontheWfeb.Itiscertainlymoreconvenienttositathomeanddoresearchonyourcomputer.Yourcomputerisopen24hoursaday,unlikealibraryoroffice,whichhaslimitedhoursandlimitedresources.Youcandoresearchinyourpajamaswhileyoueatbreakfast.Whatcouldbemoreconvenient?Technology,especiallytheInternet,hascertainlychangedthequantityandqualityoftheinformationweget.Thespeedandconvenienceofacomputerhelpsstudentslearnmore,morequickly.39ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Gamesareasimportantforadultsastheyareforchildren.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Everyonelikestoplaygames.Gamesareimportantatanyagetokeepyourmindsharp,learnnewthings,andmaintainsocialskills.Peoplesayyoucan'tteacholddognewtricks.Modemresearchhasshownthatseniorcitizenscancontinuetogrowbraincellsbyexercisingtheirmind.Gamesareagreatwaytoexerciseyourmind.Byconcentratingonthetacticsofthegame,memorizingmoves,keeping(rackofyouropponems's(ra(egies.youcankeepyourbrainfiinc(ioningandgrowing.Somegamescan(eachyoualo(.Gamestha(askques(ions,forexample,willshowyouwhatyoudon'tknow.(NamethecapitalofAlbania,forexample.)Itisalwayseasiertolearnsomethingwhenyourealizeyoudon,tknowit.Whenyouplayagame,youhavetobeconsiderateofyouropponents.Youcanobservepeople'sreactionsandthewaytheyinteractastheyplay.Itisalwaysinterestingtowatchpeople.Maintainingpersonalcontactsisimportantforeveryone.Regardlessofyourage.playinggamescanhelpyoukeepyourmindalert,learnnewthings,andbuildfriendships.40EXAwardsandprizesaregivenforexcellenceinvariousfields.Dotheseawardsandprizesserveausefulpurpose?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupport
11youranswer.Aprizeoraward,whetherit'stheNoblePrize,theAcademyAward,orBestHandwritingPrize,isimportant.Suchprizescanhaveeconomic,personal,andsocialeffectsthatenrichthelifeoftherecipient.PrizeliketheNoblePrizecanbeacashaward.Buteverforprizesthatdon't,liketheAcademyAward,anactresswhowinsbestactresswillbeofferedmorerolesandahigherpaythanactresseswhodon'twintheaward.Evenfortheelementarystudentwhoreceivedtheschool'sBestHandwritingawardmaygetacongratulationsgiftfromproudgrandparents.Thepersonalbenefitsofreceivinganyawardareevident.Anyawardwinnerispleasedthatbeorshehasbeenrecognizedforhisorherwork.WhenpeoplereceivetheAcademyAward,theyoftencrytheyaresohappy.Everyonelikestobewithawinner.Apersonwhogelsaprizeoftenhasmanynew,bestfriends.Awinner'ssociallifeismuchbelterthanaloser'ssociallife.ThewinneroftheBestHandwritingprizemaynotbeverypopularwithhisorherjealousclassmates,however.Awardsserveaveryusefulpurposeinthattheireconomic,personal,andsocialbenefitsaddtotherecognition.36ADSomepeoplethinkthathumanneedsforfarmland,housing,andindustryaremoreimportantthatsavinglandforendangeredanimals.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththispointofview?Whyorwhynot?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Inthepast,therehavebeenmanyendangeredanimals.Nowtheyareextinct.Doesitmatter?Hasourenvironmentbeenaffectedbytheirabsence?Hasthequalityofourownlifebeenchanged?Theanswertothesequestionsis“Yes."Yes.Itdoesmatterifwedestroyanendangeredspecieshabitattodevelopmorefarmland,housingorindustrialparks.Thereisadelicatebalanceofnature.Ifonesmallpartisremoved,itwilleffectalltheotherparts.Forexample,ifcertainlreesarecutdown,batswillhavenoplacetoroost.Iftheycannotroost,theycannotbreed.Iftherearenobats,therewillbenoanimal,orbirdtoeatcertaininsectsthatplagueourcrops.Yes.Ourenvironmenthasbeenaffectedbytheabsenceofcertainanimals.Certainflowersarepollinatedbybutterflies,whichmigratefromCanadatoMexico.Someofthebreedinggroundsofthesebutterfliesweredestroyed.Nowtheseflowersaredisappearingfromcertainareas.Wfewillnolongerbeabletoenjoytheirbeauty.Yes.ThequalityofourlifehasbeenchangedAmericausedtobecoveredwithgianttrees.Nowwehavetovisittheminonesmallpark.Rainforestsaroundtheworldarebeingcutdownlomakeroomforhumans.Wewillneverbeabletoseeorstudythisfragileecosystem.Iwouldencourageushumanstolookforotheralternativesforourfarmlands,housing,andindustries.Wehavealternatives;theanimalsdonot.46MAWhatisaveryimportantskillapersonshouldlearninginordertobesuccessfulintheworldtoday?Chooseoneskillandusespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.TheoneskillIwouldchooseforsuccessistolerance.Idonotdefinesuccesseconomically.Idefinesuccesssocially.Tosucceedinthefuture,wewillneedtobetolerantofoneanother'sbackground,opinions,andlifestyle.Theworldisbecomingincreasinglymobile.Wenolongerareabletoliveandworkonlywithpeoplewhowenttothesameschoolsandwenttothesamepartiesasourparentsandwedid.Now,wewillworkdirectlywithpeoplewhosebackgroundsarecompletelydifferentfromours.佻mustbetolerantofthesedifferencesastheymustbetolerantofusifwearetoliveandworktogetheramiably.Wecannotstopspeakingtopeopleorstartawarjustbecausethereisadifferenceinopinion.Wemustlearntobetolerantofoneanotherandrespectthesedifferencesinopinion.Wshavetofindacommonground,anideawecanbothagreeon.Oncewehaveagreementononesubject,itwillbeeasiertosettledifferencesinothersubjects.Differentpeoplehavedifferentlifestyles.Ncmustacceptthesedifferenceseventhoughtheymaybedifferentthanwhatweareusedto.Womancanliveontheirown.holdimportantjobs,andraisechildrenontheirown.Mencanstayhomeandtakecareofchildren.Socialrolescanchangeandwemustbetolerantofthesechanges.Tosucceedsocially,youmustbeadaptedtodifferences.Youmustbetolerantofallpeoplesregardlessoftheirbackground.theiropinions,ortheirlifestyles.47MAResolvingproblemsbetweenindividualsorgroupsisimportant.Whatshouldbeconsideredorkeptinmindinresolvingproblemsbetweenindividualsorgroups?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Conflictresolutionisveryimportant.Thetechniqueisthesamewhetherit'sbetweenpeople,betweengroups,orbetweennations.Ybuneedtofindacommonground;youneedtolearnwhatbothsideswant;andyouneedtoplanstepstoresolvetheconflict.Findingacommongroundisthefirstimportantstepinanyconflictresolution.Forexample,iftwocountriesarefighting,amediatorcoulddowhatisthesinglethingthatbothcountiesareconcernedabout.Oneanswermightbetheirchildren'sfuture.Agreeingonthefutureoftheirchildrenisanimportantfirststep.Thenextstepwouldbetotrytodeterminewhatbothsideswantfortheirchildren.Forexample.CountryXsays,uSecurityfromCountryY."CountryYsays,**SecurityfromCountryX."Obviously,theyfeelthreatenedbyoneanother.Thethirdstepistoplanstepstoresolvetheconflict.Amediatormightaskwhatwouldmakeeachsidemoresecure:Strongerborders?Increasedtrade?Smallermilitaryforces?Oncethestepsareestablished,thepeaceprocesshasbegun.Idon'tmeantoimplythatthisiseasy.Resolvinglong-termdisputesisnotsimple.Buttheprocesscanbebrokendownintothreesteps(commonground,needs,stepstoresolution)andthenrepeatedandrepealeduntilthereispeace.48ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Self-confidenceisthemostimportantfactorforsuccessinschooloratwork.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Self-confidenceisoneveryimportantfactorforsuccess,buttherearetwootherequallyimportantfactors:knowledgeandsensitivity.Allthreearerequiredforsuccessinanyarea.
12Oneneedstofeelonecanaccomplishatask.Ifonethinksheorsheisincapableofdoingsomething,heorshewillnotsucceed.Forexample,ifyouthinkyouaregoingtodopoorlyonanexam,youwillprobablydopoorly.Ilisimportanttotellyourselfthatyoucandowell.Ifyouhaveconfidenceinyourself,youwillprobablydowell.Evenifyouhaveagreatdealofself-confidence,youwon'tbeabletowellontheexamwithoutknowledge.Youhavetounderstandyoursubjectverywell.Withknowledgeandself-confidenceyouhaveabetterchanceofsuccess.Inareasotherthanexams,youwillneedtobesensitivetoyoursurroundingsinordertosucceed.Youwillneedtoknowwhethertoboastaboutyourselforbemodest;youwillneedtoknowwhetheryoushouldtaketheleadorletothers.Thisisadifficultskilltoleam,butanimportantoneforsuccess.Tobesuccessfulinschoolorwork,youneedthreequalities:self-confidence,knowledge,andsensitivity.Along,noneofthesefactorswillhelpyousucceed.Buttogether,theyensuresuccess.47EXWhydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportouranswer.Dangeroussportsoractivitiesattractacertaintypeofperson.Thispersonisoftenarisktaker,anoptimist,andafatalist.Peoplewhotakerisksarefoundbothindangeroussportsandbusiness.Butitisaspecialpersonwholakesariskwithhisownlifeasopposedtohismoney.Myfatherwasarisktaker.Heputeverythingbeownedintohisbusiness,buthestoppedplayingriskysportslikehorsebackridingandskiing.Oncehisbusinesswasasuccessandhenolongerbadtoworryaboutprovidingfbrus,hereturnedontheageof60,totheriskysportsthathedidasayouth.Someonewhoplaysadangeroussportmustbeanoptimist.Theycannotimaginethatanythingwillhappentothem.Theyneverthinkaboutbreakingtheirlegwhileskiing,fallingoffacliffwhilerockclimbing,fallingontheirheadwhileskydiving.Theyliveforthethrillofthemomentwithoutathoughttothemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.Rockclimbersandsportscardriversmustbefatalist.Theymightplanforpotentialproblems,butoncetheyhavedoneeverythingtheycando.theoutcomeisoutoftheirbands.Amotorcyclistwhenjumpsacrossanarrowcanyonwillgetthefastest,strongestbikeavailablethatwillcarryhimorheracrossthecanyon,however,windconditionsorotherproblemsmightinterfereandthecyclistmyfallshortofhisgoal.48EXWhichismoreimportantforsuccess:thenaturalabilityyouarebornwithorhardwork?Explainyouropinion,usingspecificreasonsandexamples.Withoutadoubt,hardworkisamuchbelterpredictorofsuccessthannaturalability.Inmyexperience,Ihaveseenthisatworkinsports,school,andwork.Manyathleteshaveanaturalabilitytorunthefastestmileorkicktheballthemostaccurately.Unlesstheyworkhardthough,theywillnotbestars.Theyneedtotraindaily,eatproperly,livecorrectly.IttakeshardworktobeNumberOne.Atschool,Ihaveseenmanyverybrightstudentsdopoorlyonexams.Theycountontheirintelligencetogetthemthrough.However,unlesstheydotheirhomeworkeveryday,participateinclassdiscussions,andstudyfbrexams,theywillbethebottomsoftheclass.Manysalespeoplecantalkwithanyoneandconvincehimorhertobuysomething.Theyhaveanaturalabilitytosell.Theymusthoweverapplysomehardworktothisskill.Theymustlearnalolabouttheircustomers,abouttheproducttheyareselling,andaboutthemarket,theymustputsomeeffortintothepaperworkthatgoesalongwiththesale.Iftheydon'tfollowthrough,thesalewillnotbemade.Whateverihearea,whetherontheplayingfield,atschool,oronthesalesfloor,apersonmustnotrelyonhisnaturalabilityalongifheorshewantstosucceed.Theymustworkhardtobeasuccess.51ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingslatemeni?Parentsorotheradultrelativesshouldmakeimportantdecisionsfortheirolder(15to18year-old)teenagedchildren.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Nooneknowsmeaswellasmyparents.Noonewantsthebestformelikemyparents.ItisnaturalthatIshouldallowmyparentstomakeimportantdecisionsforme.Ithinkallolderteenagers(15to18year-olds)shouldtaketheirparentsadviceondecisionsthatconcerntheireducation,theirsociallife,andtheirfuturecareers.Myparentshavealwayschosenthebestschoolsformetoattend.TheyhaveencouragedmetoattendspecialprepclassestomakesurethatIwaswellpreparedfortheexams.HwyhavegivenmetutorstomakesurethatIunderstoodmysubjectswell.Whenitcomestochoosingacollege,Iwilltrustmyparentstomakethatdecision.Theyknowwhattheycanaffordandwhatwillgivemeagoodeducation.WhenIwasyoung,myparentswouldinvitechildrenovertoplaywithme.Overtheyears,Ihavebecomeveryclosetothesechildren.Theyarelikemyfamily.Wecelebrateholidaysandbirthdaystogether.Weevengotothemountainstogetherinthesummer.Myparentsdonotwantmetofallintothewrongcrowd.Theydonotwantmetomeetandfallinlovewithsomeonetheydonotknow.JunderstandthatandIwanttomakethemhappy.Myfatherrunsaverysuccessfulbusinessandmymotherisawell-knownpolitician.TheyareverywellconnectedandtheyhavemanyfriendswhowouldlikemetoworkforthemwhenIfinishschool.Thisisaverygoodarrangementforme.Ifallchildrenfollowtheirparents'wishes,theywouldprobablybehappier.Parentsonlywantthebestfortheirchildren.52PRSomepeopleliketotravelwithacompanion.Otherpeopleprefertotravelalone.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Travelingaloneistheonlywaytotravel.Ifyoutakesomeonewithyou,youtakeyourhomewithyou.Whenyoutravelalone,youmeetnewpeople,havenewexperiences,andlearnmoreaboutyourself.WhenItraveledwithmyfriend,1spendallmytimewiththatfriend.Weeattogetherandsightseetogether.WhenItravelalone,Ispendmytimelookingfornewfriends.Itiseasytofineotherpeople,eitherothertouristsorlocals,toeatwithorhaveacoffeewith.Whenyousharemealswithstrangers,theybecomefriends.When1travelwithafriend,myroutineispredictable.Wemaintainthesameschedulethatwedoathome.WhenItravelalone,IadopttherhylhmoftheplaceIvisit.Imighttakeanapintheafternoonandeatdinneral11pm.Imightgotoadiscoanddanceallnight.WhenItravelwithafriend,weknowhowwewillreacttothings.WhenItravelalone,eachnewexperiencerequiresanewreaction.IfIdon'ttrynewthings.Iwon'tbeabletodecideifIlikesomethingornot.ShallIridean
13ostrichoreatone?1thinkitisalwaysimportanttodothingsonyourown.Youcanfinenewfriends,collectnewmemories,andadoptdifferentwaysofdoingthings.Isn'tthatthepointoftravel?52PRSomepeopleprefertogetupearlyinthemorningandstarttheday'swork.Othersprefertogetuplaterinthedayandworkuntillateatnight.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Iprefersleepinglateandstayinguplateatnight.Thisroutinefitsmybody'srhythm,myworkschedule,andmysociallife.Ibelieveinfollowingmybody'snaturalrhylhm.MybodytellsmetosleepuntilIamreadytogetupandgotobedwhenIamsleepy.ThismeansInevergelupearlyinihemorning.Mybodytellsmeitlikesmetogel8to10hoursofsleepaday.Sleepinglatealsofitsmyworkschedule.ActuallyIdon'thavethatmuchworktodo.Icaneasilyfinishmyworkbetweenlunchanddinner.Ithinkthatifoneworkstoomuch,thereisnotenoughtimelefttoenjoyone'sself.MyactivesociallifeisanotherreasonIprefertosleeplate.Whogetsupearlyinthemorningtohavefun?Noone.Anythingamusing,suchasconcerts,dances,parties,dinners,allhappenatnight.If1gotupearlyinthemorning,Iwouldbetootiredtoenjoymyselfintheevening.1willmaintainthispatternforeverIhope.Ithinkitisalwaysimportanttolistentoyourbodyandifyourbodytellsyoutostayinbed,youshouldlistentoit.Bylisteningtoyoubody,youwillneverletworkinterferewithyoursociallife.54EXWhataretheimportantqualitiesofagoodsonordaughter?Havethesequalitieschangedorremainedthesameovertimeinyourculture?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Thequalitiesofagoodsonanddaughter—obedience,loyalty,respect-havenotchanged.Anypatentwilltellyouthat,liketheirancestors,theyexpectthesequalitiesfromtheirchildren.However,theydonotalwaysgetwhattheyexpectfromtheirchildren.Parentsdemandthattheirsonsanddaughters,regardlessofage,obeythem.Evenifthechildrenaremarriedandhavetheirownchildren,theyshouldstilldowhatevertheirparentsaskofthem.Atlast,that'sthewayitwas.Now,childrentendtoobeytheirparentsuntilthechildrenareofcollegeage.Thentheyfeeltheyareadultenoughandcanmaketheirowndecisionsevenifthesedecisionsareagainsttheparent'swishes.Parentsalsoexpectloyaltyfromtheirchildren.Iftherewasadisputeintheneighborhoodorbetweenfamilies,theparentswouldexpecttheirchildrentosidewiththeirownfamily.Thisqualityisprobablystillverycommon.Mostchildrentodaywillsupporttheirfamilyagainstothers.Parents,ofcourse,demandrespect.Aspeoplebecomemoremobile,andintroducedtonon-traditionalwaysofdoingthings,thisqualitymaynotendure.Parentsaresometimesviewedasold-fashioned.Childrendon'tthinktheirparentscanappreciatethewaylifereallyis.Theythinktheirparentsaretoooldtounderstand.Theyloserespectfortheirparents.Obedience,loyalty,andrespectarevirtuesthatarebeingchallengedtoday.Wemaynotobeyourparents,givethemtheloyaltyorrespecttheywishordeserve,butIhopemychildrenobeyme,areloyaltome,andrespectme.55PRSomepeopleprefertoworkforalargecompany.Othersprefertoworkforasmallcompany.Whichwouldyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Iwouldprefertoworkinalargecompanyratherthanasmallone.Alargecompanyhasmoretoofferintermsofadvancement,training,andprestige.Inalargecompany,Icanstartatanentry-levelpositionandworkmyselfuptothetop.Icouldstartinthemailroomand,onceIknowthecompany,canapplyforamanagerialposition.Inasmallcompany,thereisnotasmuchroomtogrow.Inalargecompany,thereareavarietyofjobs.Icouldworkinsales,inmarketing,indistribution,inshopping,orinanydepartmentIappliedfor.Icouldbetrainedinavarietyofpositionsandwouldhavevaluableexperience.Inasmallcompany,therewouldnotbethesameopportunity.Inalargecompany,therewouldbemoreprestige.IcouldbragtomyfriendsthatIworkedforoneofthebiggestcompaniesintheworld.IwouldalwayshavesomethingtotalkaboutwhenImetstrangers.If1workedinasmallcompany,Iwouldalwayshavetoexplainwhatthecompanydid.Workingforasmallcompanywouldnotgivemethesameopportunitiesforadvancementoron-the-jobtrainingasworkingforalargercompanywould.NorwouldIbeasproudtoworkforasmallcompany---unlessthesmallcompanywasmyown.56EXPeopleworkbecausetheyneedmoneytolive.Whataresomeotherreasonsthatpeoplework?Discussoneormoreofthesereasons.Usespecificexamplesanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Althoughpeopleworktoearnmoney,moneyisnotthemainreasonpeoplestayintheirjobs.Theyalsoworkbecausetheyenjoyworking,theyreceivejobsatisfaction,andtheylikethesenseofaccomplishment.Mostpeopleworkforwork'ssake.Theyenjoygoingtoanoffice,orstore,orschooleachday.Theyliketointeractwithotherpeople.Theyliketohelppeoplesolveproblems,learnsomething,orgetaproduct.Peopleliketohelpotherpeople.Alotofpeoplekeepthesamejobbecausethejobgivesthemalotofsatisfaction.Theygenuinelyenjoywhattheydo.Thisistrueformostteachers.Ateacher'spayisnotverygreat,butthejobsatisfactioncanbeveryhigh.Heipingsomeonelearnisoneofthegreatestthingsanyonecando.Peopleenjoytheirworkbecausetheylikethesenseofaccomplishment.Theyliketoknowwhattheyfinishedaproject.People,whoworkinfactories,takeprideinthecartheyproduceorthetelevisiontheyassemble.Whentheyseeacaronthestreet,theycanfeelasenseofaccomplishment.Theyhelpedmakethatcar.Moneyisnice,butitisnottheonlyreasonpeoplegetupandgotoworkeachday.Ibelievethatpeopleworkbecausetheyenjoytheactofworking;theyfindtheirworkpersonallyrewarding;andtheylikethefeelingofajobwelldone.
1455ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Face-to-facecommunicationisbetterthanothertypesofcommunication,suchasletters,email,ortelephonecalls.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Iwouldhavetoagreethatface-to-facecommunicationisthebesttypeofcommunication.Face-to-facecommunicationcaneliminatemisunderstandingsimmediately,cementrelationships,andencouragecontinuedinteraction.Ifyouaretalkingtosomeonedirectly,youcanseerightawayiftheydon'tunderstandyou.Aperson'sbodylanguagewilltellyoutheydisagreeordon'tfollowyourlineofthought.Youcanrepeatyourselforparaphraseyourargument.Ifyouhadsentane-mail,thepersonmayhavemisinterpretedwhatyouwantedtosay.Heorshecouldbeinsultedandyouwouldhavetowastetimeexplainingyourselfinanothere-mail.Whenyoutalkface-to-face,youcommunicatewithmorethanwords.Youcommunicatewithyoureyesandyourhands.Youcommunicatewithyourwholebody.Peoplecansensethatyoureallywanttocommunicatewiththem.Thisenergybondspeopletogether.Yourrelationshipwithapersoncangrowmuchstrongerwhenyoucommunicateinperson.Face-to-faceencounterstendtogoonlongerthanotherformsofcommunication.Ane-maillastsasecond;atelephonecall,afewminutes.However,whenyoumeetface-to-face,you'vemadeanefforttomeetwiththeperson,andthepersonhasmadeanefforttomeetwithyou.Youwillprobablyspendlongertogethertalking.Thelongeryoutalk,themoreyousay.Themoreyousay,thestrongeryourrelationshipwillbe.Insummary,ifyouwanttoestablisharelationshipwithanotherhumanbeing,thebestwayistalkingface-to-face.Whenyoucommunicatedirectly,youcanavoidmisunderstandingsthatmayoccurinwriting.Youcancommunicateonlevelsotherthanjustwordsandyoucanspendmoretimedoingit.56PRSomepeopleliketodoonlywhattheyalreadydowell.Otherpeopleprefertotrynewthingsandtakerisks.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Iamnotarisktaker.IliketodojustthosethatIamproficientat.Ihavelearnedthatitisbettertofocusmyattention,doonethinganddoitwell,andnottryanythingnew.WhenIwasyounger,1wasalwaysexperimentingwithalotofdifferentthings.FirstIwantedtobeadressdesignersoIstudieddrawing.Icouldn't'tdrawsoIdecidedtobeahistorian.ThatsuitedmeperfectlysinceallIhadtodowassitinalibraryandread.Ilearnedtofocusmyattentionononesubject.Iamaverygoodreaderandhistoryisveryinterestingtome.Idecidednottoreadanyothersubject.Ionlyreadhistorybooks.IevenfocusedmyattentiononChinesehistory.IonlyreadhistorybooksonChinesehistory.IdoonethingandIdoitwell.Idon'tliketotryanythingnew.IfIreadthingsinanotherarea.Idon'tdowell.1don'tunderstandAmericanhistoryorEnglishhistory.Thenamesiireconfusingandthestoriesnotinterestingtome.Idon'twanttoteamaboutanythingelse.Chinesehistoryismysubject.1mayseemabitstubborn,but1havelearnedwhatmakesmehappy.Idon'tliketotakeariskwithnewthings.Iliketofocusmyattentionononesubject,doitwell,andnottryanythingnew.57EXSomepeoplebelievethatsuccessinlifecomesfromtakingriskorchance.Othersbelievethatsuccessresultsfromcarefulplanning.Inyouropinion,whatdoessuccesscomefrom?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Nothingventured.Nothinggained.Ifourgreatexplorersandscientistsdidnotlivebythiscreed,wherewouldwebe?Ithinkthatwemustalltakerisksinourlives,butthesemustbecalculatedrisks.Likethegreatthinkersofourtime,wemustplancarefully,seizeallopportunities,andreevaluateourplans.Thereisnosuchthingasachanceoccurrence.ColumbusinhissearchfortheIndiesdrewmaps,plottedhisroutecarefully,andsetout.MadamCurieworkeddiligentlyinherlaboratoryrecordingeveryaspectofherexperiments.Youneedtohaveacarefulplansoyoucanmeasureyoursuccess.Evenwithacarefulplan,changesoccur.ColumbuswaslookingfortheIndies,butendedupintheCaribbean.LewisandClarkwerelookingforariverpassagewest,butdiscoveredmuchmore.Youhavetobereadytotakeadvantageofnewthingsastheyoccur.Whenthingsgoagainstplan,youmustbereadytochangedirection.Columbusdidn'tbringbackspicesfromtheEastIndies,hebroughtbackgoldfromtheMstIndies.Itisimportanttosee(hepositivesideofthings.Makeyourmistakesworkforyou.Youwillneversucceedinlifeifyoudon'ttakechance.Butbeforeyoustart,youmustplancarefullysoyouarereadytotakeadvantageofeveryopportunityandturnmistakestoyouradvantage.6()MAWhatchangewouldmakeyourhometownmoreappealingtopeopleyourage?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Ithink(hatpeoplemyagewouldliketohaveaplacetogoafterschool.Theycouldgotheretosocialize,havemeetings,andjustrelax.Inmytown,thereareafewteahouses,butthesearereservedforourfathersandtheirfriends.Teenagersdonotgothereunlessit'stocarrymessagetotheirfathers.Neneedaplacewherewecanmeetafterschooltotalkaboutschoolandothersubjectsthatinterestus.Atourownteahouse,wecouldalsohavemeetings.Thosewouldbelikeclubmeetings.Wecouldhaveadebatingsociety,apoetryreadinggroup,orapoliticalclub.Necouldmeetafterschoolonenightaweekandhaveourmeetings.Weneedaplacewherewecouldjustrelaxawayfromourfamily.Ourhomelifeisveryhectic;therearealotofyoungerchildrenmakingalotofnoiseintheevening.Wfeneedaquietplacetostudy,readthepaper,orjustsit.Ifourtownhadateahousereservedforteenagers,itwouldbegoodforourparentssincetheywouldalwaysknowwherewewere.Theywouldknowthatwewerejustsocializing,ormeeting,orjustrelaxingwithourfriends.155篇大学应背英语课文(四)请输入关健字减小字体增大字体
1562ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Oneshouldneverjudgeapersonbyexternalappearances.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Inmostcases,oneshouldneverjudgeapersonbyexternalappearances.SometimeswhenIwalkdownthestreetatnight,Iavoidpeoplewhoareactingtoughandloud,butingeneral,IprefertoreservejudgmentuntilIgettoknowsomeone.Judgingsomeonebyexternalappearancecanbedeceptive.Judgmentsbasedonexternalappearancespreventyoufromgettingtoknowapersonreinforcestereotypes,andaresuperficialandlimiting.Inhighschool,Istayedawayfromstudentswhowerecalledthe"badstudents"becausetheydressedacertainway.Iwantednothingtodowiththem.Ilaterhadthechancetomeetoneofthese"badstudents"becauseofourmothers,westartedtalkingandIrealizedthatwehadalotincommon.MyimpressionofhimwasverydifferentonceIgottoknowhim.Ifyouformanopinionofsomeonebasedonstereotypes,yourisknevergettingtoknowsomeonewhoisdifferent.Youmayarebemissingoutonanopportunitytomakeagoodfriend.Inaddition,youarereinforcingthatstereotypebybelievingitwithoutgiventhepersonachance.Ifyoutakethetimetogettoknowtheperson,youmightbecomefriends.Judgingpeoplebyexternalappearanceissuperficialandoftenunfair.Afterall,youdon'tknowwhatcircumstancesthepersonmightbefacingorwhothepersonreallyis.Perhapsthepersoncomesfromalessfortunatefamilythanyouandcannotaffordthekindofstylishclothesyourfriendswear.However,thatdoesnotmeanthepersonislessintelligentorinterestingthanyouare.Peopleshouldnotbenaiveaboutnewpeopletheymeet,butshouldtaketimetogettoknowthem.Externalappearanceoftendoesnottellusanythingaboutaperson.Judgingsomeonebytheirappearanceismisleading,reinforcesstereotypes.andislimiting.Doingsocouldpreventyoufrommakingatruefriend.63ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Apersonshouldnevermakeanimportantdecisionalone.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Apersonshouldnevermakeanimportantdecisionalone.Importantdecisionsshouldbewellthoughtout.Peoplewhoknowyouwell,knowwhatisbestforyou.Peopleclosetoyoucangiveyougoodadvice,giveyouadifferentperspective,orsharetheirownexperience.WhenIhaddifficultydecidingwhichclassestotakeincollege,Italkedtomyteachersandadvisors.Theyhadtheknowledgeandexpertisetohelpmedeterminewhichclasseswerethebestonestotakeformyfuturecareer.Withouttheiradvice,Imighthavechosenunsuitablecourses.Incollege,Ihadconvincedmyselfthat1wasnotgoodenoughtoactintheschoolplay.Therefore,Idecidenottoauditioneventhoughdramabadalwaysbeenmypassion.Thedayoftheauditions,afriendofmineaskedmewhyIwasn'tauditioning.WhenItoldherIdidn'tfeelIwasgoodenough,shewasshocked.Shewasabletoprovidemewithanotherperspectiveonmyselfandmytalents.Irethoughtmydecisionandtriedout...andgotaleadintheplay.LastyearwhenIwastryingtodecidewhetherornotIshouldstudyoverseas,Italkedtomyfriend.ThiswasthebestthingIcouldhavedone.ThiswasabigdecisionformebecauseIhadneverbeenoverseasonmyownandIwasn'tsureIcoulddoit.Shehadstudiedoverseasthepreviousyear.ShetoldmeaboutthechallengesandopportunitiesImightencounterandhelpedmemaketherightdecision.Iwentanditwasamazing!WheneverIamfacedwithanimportantdecision.IseekadvicefromotherssothatIamwell-informedandhavethebenefitoftheirperspectiveandexperience.64Acompanyisgoingtogivesomemoneyeithertosupporttheartsortoprotecttheenvironment.Whichdoyouthinkthecompanyshouldchoose?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Decidingbetweensupportingtheartsandprotectingtheenvironmentisadifficultchoicetomake,butIthinkIwouldchooseprotectingtheenvironment.Artshelptomaintainourcultureandserveasasourceofentertainment.However,weneedahealthyenvironmentinordertosurvivesowemustprotectit.Wbneedtoprotecttheenvironmentnowtohelppreventhealthproblems,tomaintaintheecosystem,andtopreservetheEarthforourchildren.Pollutionfromfactoriesandcarscancausedamagetotheenvironment.Moreover,pollutioncauseshealthproblemsparticularlyforchildrenandtheelderlywhohaveweakerimmunesystems.佻needtoensurethattherearecontrolsontheamountofpollutionwhenpossiblesoastopreventhealthproblemscausedbybreathingdirtyair.Wealsoneedtopayattentiontotheecosystem.rIrees,plantlife,andpeoplealldependoneachother.Anunhealthyenvironmentcanhaveharmfuleffectsontheecosystem.Forexample,ifaplantdiesbecauseofchangestotheenvironmentandthatplantisfoodforaanimal,thatanimalwon'thaveanyfood.Ifhumansusethatanimalasafoodsource,therecouldbebigproblems.Ifwedonotrespectourenvironmentnow,itwillcontinuetogetworseandourchildrenwillsuffertheconsequences.Theywouldnothavethesamequalityofairtobreatheornaturalbeautytoadmire.Thatwouldbesad.Withoutcleanairtobreathe,ahealthyecosystem,andafutureforourchildren,thehumanracewouldnotsurvive.That'swhyprotectingourenvironmentisimportant.Ifwehaveahealthyenvironment,wehavehealthychildrenwhowillbeabletoparticipateandappreciatethearts.65PRSomemoviesareseriousdesignedtomaketheaudiencethink.Othermoviesaredesignedprimarilytoamuseandentertain.Whichtypeofmoviedoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Movieshavethepowertomakeyoulaugh,cry,orthinkaboutanissuethatyoumightnototherwisethinkabout.AlthoughIsometimewatchmoviesthatareseriousinnature.Iprefermoviesthatamuseandentertain.WhenIseeanamusingmovieitmakesmerelax,laugh,andkeepsmeingoodspirits.Afteralongdayatschoolandwork.Ineedabreakandsomethingtotakemymindoffofthetroublesoftheday.Icandothatwithanentertainingmovie.WhenIwatchanamusingmovie,Idon'thavetothink.Ijustwanttositbackandrelax.Afteramovie,Ithenfeelreadytogetbacktoworkonmystudies.
16Amusingmoviesmakepeoplelaugh.Laughingisimportantforthesoul.Laughingnotonlymakespeoplefeelgood,butalsoconnectspeople.Whenpeoplelaughtogether,theybecomefriends.Afterwatchinganentertainingmovie,whichrelaxesmeandmakesmelaugh,1feelgood.WhenIfeelgoodIcanfocusmoreonotherimportantthingslikemystudiesandwork.Beingingoodspiritsmakesmefeelbetteraboutmyselfandgivesmeapositiveoutlookonlife.WhileIcanappreciateseriousmoviesthatmakeyouthink,1prefertobeamusedandentertainedafteralongdayofwork.Suchmoviesallowmetotakeabreakfromtherigorsoflifebymakingmelaughandputtingmeinagoodmood.62ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Businessshoulddoanythingtheycantomakeaprofit.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourposition.AfterIgetmydegree.Iplantostartabusiness.Mygoalistomakemoney,alotofmoney.However,Ican'tforgetthattherearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanearningaprofit.ImustconsiderthepeopleIworkwith,thecustomersIserve.andthecommunityIlivein.Mycolleaguesareaveryimportantpartofmybusiness.Withoutthem,Iwouldnothaveabusiness.Idependonthemtohelpmecarryontheday-to-dayoperations.Idependonthemfortheiradviceonwhattosellandhowtosellit.Imustcompensatethemfortheirwork.Ican'ttakelargeprofitswithoutsharingwiththepeoplewhomadeitresponsible.Similarly.Iwouldnothaveabusinesswithoutmycustomers.Icanneverforgetthattheycouldtaketheirbusinesselsewhere.Imustgivethemgoodvaluefortheirmoney.Ican'toverchargethem.Imustalsorememberthatmoneyisasimportanttothemasitistome.Iwantmycustomerstotrustmeandkeepcomingback.MyemployeesandIallliveinthesamecommunityasourcustomers.Wfeareapartofthesociallifeofourcommunity.Wecan'tignoreit.Wemustplayanactivepartinit.1feelitisimportantthatsomeoftheprofitsmybusinessearnsfromthecommunitybereturnedtothecommunity.Neneedtosupportcommunityprogramslikesummerjobsforhighschoolstudents,campaignstocleanuptheparks,andeffortstomaketheshoppingareamoreattractive.Abusinessmustmakeprofits,butweall-workers,customers,community-mustprofitfromasuccessfulbusiness.63PRSomepeoplearealwaysinhurrytogoplacesandgetthingsdone.Otherpeopleprefertotaketheirtimeandlivelifeataslowerpace.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Lifeisshort.Hastemakeswaste.What'syourhurry?ThesethreesayingscharacterizethewayImanagemydaytodaychores.Idon'twanttorushthroughthings;Iprefertotakemytime.Lifeisshort.Youneverknowwhatmayhappentomorrowsoitisimportanttoenjoytoday.Ofcourse,somepeoplewillsaythat'swhyitisimportanttocramalotintoaday.Butthen,howwouldyoupossiblyhavetimetoenjoyallofthoseexperiences.Bydoingafewthingsslowlyanddoingthemwell,youcansavortheexperience.Hastemakeswaste.佻arenotmachines.Necan'trushthroughthingsmechanically.Ifwedo.wemightforgetsomething;wemighttakeshortcuts.Bytakingourtime,wecandoachorecarefully,completely,andcorrectly.What'syourhurry?Where'sthefire?1don'tseeanyneedtorushtothenextexperience.There'sstillalottoseeandlearnformthechoresaroundyou.Takingcareofyourbabybrotherforinstancecanbeveryrewarding.Youcouldhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39(第3/II页)2009-)-21上午02:57:22simplykeephimnearyouwhileyouwatchTVandwritealetterandtalkonthephone.Oryoucoulddevoteyourwholeattentiontohimandobservehisreactionstohisenvironment.Youcanobservecarefully.Ifyouaretryingtodofourthingsatthesametime,lbtwistacommonsaying,"Don'tjustdosomething,sitthere!”Takelifeeasyandsavoreachminute.Lifeisshorterthanyouthink.64PRSomepeoplethinkgovernmentsshouldspendasmuchmoneyaspossibleexploringouterspace(forexample,travelingtotheMoonandtootherplanets).OtherpeopledisagreeandthinkgovernmentsshouldspendthismoneyforourbasicneedsonEarth.Whichofthesetwoopinionsdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Whenweseephotographsofstarvingchildren,it'shardtosaythatweshouldspendbillionsofdollarsonspaceexploration.Butthat'sjustwhatweshoulddo.Childrendon'tneedtobestarving,butwedoneedtoexplorespace.Rightnow,wehaveenoughmoneytofeedeverypersononEarth.Childrenarestarvingbecauseofmismanagementofresourcesandsimplehumangreed.Thoseareproblemswecansolverighthereonearth.Thatshouldn'tstopourneedtofindoutwhat'sbeyondourownsolarsystem.Mfemaynevermakecontactwithwhateverotherspeciestheremaybeoutthereinspace.Evenso,therearestilltwoverypracticalandpositiveconsequencesofspaceexploration.Oneisacertaintyandtheotherisapossibility.Thecertaintyismedicalresearch.Yes,wecanconductresearchhereonearth.Butmuchoftheresearchdoneinspace,forexample,ontheeffectsofgravityonbonemarrow,ismakingadifferenceinmedicinehereonEarth.Whenwedoresearchinspace,wealsolearnmoreaboutspaceexploration.Also,manyoftheinventionsthatweredevelopedforspacetravelhavebeenadaptedtogooduseonEarth.Thepossibleconsequenceofspaceexplorationisfindinganotherplanethumanbeingscancolonize.Overpopulationisahugeproblemonourplanet.Peoplearelivinglonger,morehealthfullives,andthat'sagoodthing.Butitmeanstherearefewerpeopledyingandmorepeoplebeingbom.Eventuallywe'llhavelessspace,fewerresources,andmajordistributionproblems.Ifwecanfindanotherplanettoliveon,wecanrelievetheproblemsofoverpopulationonourplanet.It'satragedythattherearehumanbeingssufferingonEarth.However,ifwewaituntileveryonehasaperfectlife,wewillneverexplorespace—andthat,too,wouldbeakindoftragedy.65EXPeoplehavedifferentwaysofescapingthestressanddifficultiesofmodemlife.Someread;someexercise;othersworkintheirgardens.Whatdoyouthink
17arethebestwaysofreducingstress?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Stressisoneofourbiggestenemies.Itaffectsourhealth,ourpersonalityandourrelationshipswithothers.Inordertogetridofstress.Ifirsthavetoidentifythecause.Ihavedifferentantidotestostressdependingonthecause.ThemostcommontypesofstressIfacearewithwork,withfriends,andwithmyself.Work-relatedstressistheeasiesttocombat.Isimplystopworkingforawhile.IfIfindmyselfpickingupthesamepieceofpaperfourtimesadayandneverdoinganythingwithit,1blamestress.Thebestthingtodoistodosomethingelse.Sometimes,Igetupfrommydeskandgodownthehalltotalktomycolleagues,butIdon'ttalkaboutworkrelatedsubjects.Othertimes,Iwilltakeashortwalkaroundtheblockandgetsomefreshair.Work-relatedstresscanbecuredbygettingawayfromthework.Stresscausedbyfriendsismoredifficulttocure.Oftenthecauseismorecomplicated.Myfriendscouldhaveapersonalhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39(第4/11页)2009-1-21上午02:57:22problemthatcausesthemandmebothanxiety.Ormyfriendscouldbeangryatmeorviceversa.Here,thecureforstressistalkingabouttheproblemandbeingwithmyfriends.Unlikework,youcan'twalkawayfromyourfriends.StressIcausemyselfisalsonotsoeasytogetridof.IfIfeelbotheredbyanexamoranxiousaboutthefuture,thereisverylittleformetodo.IjusthavetotellmyselfthatIcanonlydomybestandleavetherestuptofate.Itisimportanttotrytoleadastress-freelite.Ifyoucanavoidstressbywalkingawayformit(likeatwork),talkingthroughit(likewithyourfriends)orfacingitheadon(likewithyourself),yourhealth,personalityandrelationshipswillbenefit.62ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Teachersshouldbepaidaccordingtohowmuchtheirstudentslearn.Givespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Somecommunitieshavedecidedtobaseevaluationsofteachersonstudents'testscores.It'stheseevaluationsthatdeterminehowmuchteacherswillbepaid.Idon'tthinkthisisaverygoodideaforseveralreasons.Firstofall,ifteachers'salariesaregoingtobebasedonhowmuchstudentslearn,thensometeacherswillstarttoteachtheirstudentsonlywhattheyneedtogethightestscores.Thismeansthatstudentswillmissoutonalotofeducationthatcan'tbemeasuredonatest.Forinstance,oneofthebestmethodstohelpstudentsunderstandasubjectisencouragingthemtodiscussit.Acommonpracticeistodividetheclassintogroups,haveeachgroupdiscussthesubject,andthenhavethemreportbacktothewholeclass.Thiskindofsharedlearningcanleadtoafullerunderstanding.Italsoteachesstudentshowtodiscussanddebateideas.However,itdoesn'tsupplyfactstoshowoffonatest.Anotherproblemwithbasingteachers'salariesonhowmuchtheirstudentslearnisthatteachersmayignorestudentswhohavelearningdifficulties.Somestudentslearnmoreslowlythanothersandneedmorepersonalattention.Ifateacherisworriedabouttests,hemayfeelhehastopushthemajorityofthestudentstocramfacts.Thateffortwilltakeallhistime.Hewon'tbeabletohelpthelessablestudents.It'struethereareteacherswho“bumout''aftermanyyearsteachingandjustdon'tcarehowmuchtheirstudentslearn.Basingtheirsalariesontheirstudents,testscoresmayimprovetheirefforts.However,it'snotfairforthemajorityofteachers.Theydeserveandneedtobejudgedbyothercriteria.63MAIfyouwereaskedtosendonethingrepresentingyourcountrytoaninternationalexhibition,whatwouldyouchoose?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.If1wereaskedtosendonethingrepresentingmycountrytoaninternationalexhibition.I'dsendsomethingunexpected:oneweek'sworthoftelevisionprogramming.Theseprogramswouldbestrepresentmycounty.Theyshowhowthecitizensofmycountryliveandwhattheythinkandfeel.Thedramasontelevisionareveryrealistic.Theyshowhowpeopleindifferentpartsofthecountrygoabouttheirdailylives.Theyshowhowtheyearntheirlivings,howtheydealwithcrime,andhowtheyinteractwitheachother.Thedramasalsoshowhowpeopleinvariouseconomicgroupsdress,whatkindsofhousestheylivein,andwhatkindsofeducationtheirchildrenreceive.Thecomediesindicatewhatpeopleinmycountrythinkisfunny.Eventhoughthesituationsareexaggerated,theyreflecthowmyculturedealswithverybasichumansituations.Peopleeverywhereunderstandfallinginlove,raisingafamily,andearningaliving.Thedocumentariesshowwhatissueswe'reconcernedaboutandhowwewanttoresolvethem.Somedocumentarieshttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39(第5/II页)2009-1-2I上午02:57:22tellstoriesfromourhistory.Otherslookintothefuture.Theyspeculateonhowwe'llfunctionasacountryinthenewmillennium.Stillothersexamineourpoliticalsystem,itsfailuresanditssuccesses.Thesportsprogramsshowwhatwethinkaboutwinningandlosing.Theydemonstratehowwefeelaboutfairness.Someofthewealthiestpeopleinourcountryaretheathleteswewatchplayingprofessionalsports.This,also,isareflectionofourvalues.
18Televisionisacommonculturalexperienceinmycountry.Itreflectsmycountry'suniquepersonality.Ithinkitwouldbetheperfectwaytoshowwhatmycountyislike.62PRYouhavebeentoldthatdormitoryroomsatyouruniversitymustbesharedbytwostudents.Wouldyouratherhavetheuniversityassignastudenttosharearoomwithyou,orwouldyouratherchooseyourownroommate?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouranswer.I'dratherhavetheuniversityassignaroommatetosharearoomwithme.AsfarasI'mconcerned,thisispartoftheuniversityexperience.Studentsshouldmeetnewpeopleandbeopentonewexperiences.Ilikeleavingthisuptochance.Actually,eventhoughtheuniversitywillchoose,it'snottotallyamatterofchance.Weallfilledoutinformationsheets.Theschoolknowswhatwゼremajoringin,whatourinterestsare,andourstudyhabitsandourgoals.1thinkthey'reprobablyverygoodatmatchingroommatesusingthisinformation.They'vehadalotofpractice.Besides,ifamistakeismade,1canchangemyroomassignmentnextsemester.IfIdidwanttochoosemyownroommate.I'dfirstpicksomecandidatesfromthelistsuppliedbytheuniversity.ThenFdwritetothemandthey'dwritebackThroughourletters,we'dfindoutifwesharedcommoninterests,suchassportsormovies.Moreimportantly,we'dfindoutifwelikedoingthesamethingsinourfreetime.Becausemyinvestigation.I'dprobablygetsomeonecompatiblewithme.It'salotofworktogothrough,though.Besides,theprocessoffindingsimilarinterestsisn'tallthatdifferentfromwhattheuniversitydoes.TryingtopredictwhomI'mgoingtogetalongwithisnotascience.Imightchoosesomeonewhosoundsjustlikemeandstillfindthatthetwoofusjustdon'tgetalongasroommates.Besides,Ithinkitwouldbeboringtoroomwithsomebodywho'sjustthesameasme.I'dratherbewithsomeonewhohasdifferentinterestsandlikestododifferentthings.MaybeI'devengetaroommatefromanotherculture.Afterall.oneofthereasonsI'mgoingtotheuniversityistobeexposedtoalotofnewexperiences.So,I'dratherhavetheuniversitychoosemyroommateforme.63PRSomepeoplethinkthatgovernmentsshouldspendasmuchmoneyaspossibleondevelopingorbuyingcomputertechnology.Otherpeopledisagreeandthinkthatthismoneyshouldbespentonmorebasicneeds.Whichoneoftheseopinionsdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Irealize（hatit'simportanttostayuptodatewithourtechnology.Somuch,likeourspaceanddefenseprograms,dependsoni【.I'vealsoreadthatweshouldn'tletothergovernmentsgetaheadofoursintheraceforbettertechnology.Thiscouldeventuallyputusatadisadvantageandourwholeeconomycouldsuffer.Despiteallthis,Ithinkourgovernmentshouldspendourtaxdollarsonmorebasicitemsbeforeitgetsintothebusinessofdevelopingcomputertechnology.佻havesomanyproblemsinoursociety,anditseemseverysolutionneedsmoney.Forinstance,wetalkaboutgettingpeopleoffwelfare,lbdothatweneedmoneytogivethemjobsuntiltheycansupportthemselves.Thatmeanssupporttraining,daycarefortheirchildren,andprobablyamonthlyrentsubsidy.Allofthosethingscancosthundredsofmillionsofdollars.However,ifwecouldsolveamajorproblemlike,wouldn'titimproveoursocietyevenmorethannewhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第6/11页）2009-1-2I上午02:57:22technology?Anotherproblemisthatourtransportationsystemisfallingapart.Bridgeshavecracksinthem.Highwaysbuckle.Accidentshappenbecauseoftheseproblems.Weshouldn'tputmoneyintoimprovingacomputerchipwhenwehavebasicneedslikethese.Besides,Whyshouldthegovernmentbeinthebusinessofdevelopingtechnology?Aren'tthereseveralverysuccessfulcorporationsdoingjustthat?Yes,it'sprobablylesstheexpensiveinthelongrunforthegovernmenttodevelopthetechnology.Nevertheless,intheshortrun.therearebasicneedsinoursocietythataren'tbeingmet.Ithinkthat'swherethemoneyshouldgo.64PRSomepeoplelikedoingworkbyhand.Otherspreferusingmachines.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Here'stheproblem.I'msloppy.That'swhyIliketousemachinestodomyworkratherthandothingsbyhand.Machinescanbecreative,precise,andefficient.Mostpeoplethinkthatyoucanonlybecreativeifyoudothingsbyhand.However,ittakescreativitytosetthemachineup.Onceit'ssetup,itcanrepeatthesametaskoverandoverandoverperfectly.Ifyouwanttowritetenletters,youcansetupyourwordprocessortodoit,pressabutton,andtenletterswillbeprinted.Itwouldtakemeforeverbyhand,andIwouldmakealotofmistakes.Byhand,eachletterwouldbedifferent.Bymachine,eachoneisperfect.Machinesareveryprecise.Theydon'tgettiredandcutthewrongway.Theydon'tgetdistractedanddropsomemustardonthepaper.As1said.I'msloppy,butlikeneatness.That'swhyIprefertousemachines.Machinesarealsomoreefficient.I'mtootiredtopickupthephoneandseewhoiscallingme.Myansweringmachine
19isn'ttired.It'salwaysonduty.Itdoesn'tgettired,upset,ormoody.62candependonmymachines,butIcan'talwaysdependonmyhandtobecreative,precise,orefficient.75ADSchoolsshouldaskstudentstoevaluatetheirteachers.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ithinkit'sagoodideaforschoolstoaskstudentstoevaluatetheirteachers.Thisinformsteachersofhowstudentsreactbothtotheirteachingmethodsandtothemasindividuals.Teacherscanweighthecriticismsandchangewhattheythinkneedstobechanged.Praisefromstudentsisalsovaluable.Itcanreinforceteachers,opinionsabouthowthey'reteachingandgivethemconfidence.It'salsohelpfulforschooladministratorstohearwhatstudentsthinkabouttheirteachers.Itkeepsadministratorsintouchwithwhat'sgoingonintheschool.Italsogivesthemsomeideaofwhichteacherseffectivelyreachthestudents.However,goodadministratorsknowthatstudentevaluationsneedtobereviewedwithakeeneyeforprejudiceandadolescentattitudes.Afterall,andevaluationisagoodwayforstudentstogetbackatteacherswhoexpectmoreofthemthantheywanttogive.Evaluatingteachersisalsoagoodexerciseforthestudents.Theyhavetoorganizetheirthoughtsaboutwhattheythinkoftheirteachers.Inthatway,theypinpointforthemselveswhattheyexpectofthoseteachers.Theybegintounderstandwhattheyvalueinateacherandwhatisphonyoruseless.Evaluatingtheirteachersisalsoawayforstudentstothinkabouthowtheywouldevaluatethemselves.Aretheyworkingashardastheyshouldinclass?Isthatwhytheirteachersaresometimescriticaloftheirwork?Isn'tthatwhatateachershoulddo—pushustotryharder?Thinkingaboutthesethingscanhelpstudentsdobetterinclass.Attheveryleast,theywillunderstandbetterwhatisexpectedofthem.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第7/11页）2009-1-2I上午02:57:22Studentevaluationsofteachersalsomakestudentsfeelasiftheyhaveavoiceinwhathappensintheirschools.Itmakesthemfeelasifthey'repartoftheeducationprocesswhentheiropinionisvaluedbytheadministration.Finally,itteachesthemresponsibility.76EXInyouropinion,whatisthemostimportantcharacteristic（fbrexample,honesty,intelligence,asenseofhumor）thatapersoncanhavetosuccessfulinlife?Usespecificreasonsandexamplesfromyourexperiencetoexplainyouranswer.Whenyouwriteyouranswer,youarenotlimitedtotheexampleslistedintheprompt.Althoughhonesty,intelligence,andasenseofhumorareallworthwhilecharacteristics,Ifeelthemostimportantoneinlife（ohaveissensitivity.Asensitivepersonisawareofhim/herselfandthewaytheiractionsaffectothers.Asensitivepersonknowstheplaceofhonesty,intelligence,andasenseofhumor.Honestyisnotalwaysthebestpolicy.Thereissuchathingasawhitelie.Youdon'twanttoinsultsomeonebysayingthattheirnewdressdoesn'tfitproperlyorthatyouwouldn'tliveintheirnewhouseiftheypaidyou.Youmustbesensitivetowhenitisnecessarytotellthetruthandwhenitisbettertotellawhitelie.Intelligenceisawonderfulthingtohave,butnotallintelligentpeopleusetheirintelligencesensitively.Youdon'twanttoshowoffandmakeothersfeelstupid.Youmustbesensitivetothereactionsofthepeoplearoundyou.Itmightbeappropriateforyoutoadmitthatyouhavetherightanswer,butinsomecases,youmighthavetosay,**1thinkthisistheanswer,butwemightwanttocheckit.MAsensitivepersonwouldnotmakesomeoneelselookdumb.Asenseofhumorisalwaysvalued.Differentpeople,however,laughatdifferentthings.Youdon'twanttomakesomeonefeeluncomfortablebylaughingathis/hermistakes.Asensitivepersonwouldunderstandwhetherapersoncouldbeteasedorwhetherapersonwouldappreciateacertainjoke.Asensitivepersonwouldmakeeveryonefeelcomfortable.Asensitivepersonunderstandsthatpeoplearedifferentandthatthevaluesofhonesty,intelligenceandhumorcanbeapplieddifferently.77PRItisgenerallyagreedthatsocietybenefitsfromtheworkofitsmembers.Comparethecontributionsofartiststosocietywiththecontributionsofscientiststosociety.Whichtypeofcontributiondoyouthinkisvaluedmorebyyoursociety?Givespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.Artistsandscientistsbothmakevaluablecontributionstooursociety.Itmayseemsometimesthatartistsaremorevalued.That'sbecausethoseartistswhoarefamousmakealotofmoney.However,theyarerelativelyfew.Thefactisthatscientistsaremorevalued.Theygetmorerespectfromsocietyfortheworktheydo.Artistsreflecttheirtimesandtheirculture.Apainterorawritershowsusinpicturesandwordswhatwe'relikeasapeople.Theyrecordourcultureforfuturegenerations.Actorsandotherperformers,likesingersanddancers,entertainus.Theytakeourmindsoffourtroubles,andremindushowbeautifulandexcitingourimaginationscanbe.Artistsalsohelpkeeptheirsocietiesmentallyandemotionallyhealthy.Forexample,childrenthatparticipateinthearts,suchaspaintingormusic,inschooldobetterintheirotherstudies.Artofalltypesisnecessarytothehumanspirit.Thecontributionsscientistsmaketosocietyaremoreobvious.Theyincludethecarswedrive,thecomputersweuseathomeandatwork,andtheappliancesthathelpuscookourmealsandcleanourhouses.Allofthesecomefromtheideasandhardworkofscientists.Becauseofscientificdiscoveries,we'relivinglongerandmorehealthfullives.Scientistsalsocontributetothearts.Moviesaretheresultofscience.Soaretelevision,radio,andtherecordingofmusiconCDs.Generally,scientistsdon'tmakeasmuchmoneyasfamousartistslikefilmstars,operasingersorsuccessfulpainters.However,oursocietygivesthemmorerespect,andtheygenerallymakeagoodliving.Scientistsareconsideredtobehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第8/II页）2009-1-21上午02:57:22seriousprofessionals,whileartistsaresometimesviewedasflaky,irresponsiblepeople.Sooverall.I'dhavetoconcludethatwevaluescientistsmore.78PRStudentsatuniversitiesoftenhaveachoiceofplacestolive.Theymaychoosetoliveinuniversitydormitories,ortheymaychoosetoliveapartmentsinthecommunity.Comparetheadvantagesoflivinginuniversityhousingwiththeadvantagesoflivinginanapartmentinthecommunity.Wherewouldyouprefertolive?
20Givereasonsfbryourpreference.Ithinkit'sbetterforcollegestudentstoliveon-campustheirfirsttwoyears,andthenmoveintoanapartmentoff-campuslife,whilejuniorsandseniorsneedtheindependenceofoff-campuslife.Students'needschangeoverfouryears,sotheirhousingshouldtoo.Livingon-campusmakesiteasiertogetorientedtothewaythingsaredone.Yougetthewholeuniversityexperience.Plus,youinteractmorewithotherstudents.Thisincludesnotonlyyourroommates,buteveryoneinyourdormitory.Theolderstudentsinthedormitorycanbeabighelpforthenewstudents.Keepingupwithstudiesyourfirstyearishardenough.Youshouldn'thavetoworryaboutfindingyourwayaroundandfiguringouttheuniversitybureaucracy.Livinginthedormitoryalsomakesastudentfeelmoreapartoftheuniversitycommunity.Therearemoreopportunitiesforbecominginvolvedinuniversityactivitiesandnetworkingwithstudentsanduniversityadministration.Livingoff-campus,however,isadefiniteadvantageforolderstudents.Findinganapartment,dealingwithleasesandthelandlord'sregulations,cookingmeals,andfiguringoutbudgetsareallgoodpracticeforlifeaftergraduation.Thiskindofindependencehelpsolderstudentsgrowinadulthood.Off-campushousingalsogivesstudentsabetterperspectiveonwhat'sgoingonaroundthem.Campusescanbelikelittleworldsoftheirown.Therearefewchildrenorolderpeopleandeveryoneisfocusedoneducation.Gettingtoknowneighborswhoaren'tstudentsisgoodforstudentscomingfromdifferentplaces.It'sachancetofindoutwhatotherpeoplethinkandfeel.Ithinkacombinationoftwoyearson-campusandtwoyearsoff-campusisawinningcombinationformoststudents.75PRYouneedtotravelfromyourhometoaplace40miles(64kilometers)away.Comparethedifferentkindsoftransportationyoucoulduse.Tellwhichmethodoftravelyouwouldchoose.Givespecificreasonsforyourchoice.ChoosingtheBestTransportationTherearemanydifferenttypesoftransportationwhichIcouldusetotravel40milesfrommyhome.ThetypeoftransportationIwouldchoosedependsmainlyonhowfastIneedtogetthereandhowmuchmoneyIhave.Somepossibilitiesarewalking,horsebackriding,driving,orusingataxi,bus,ortrain.Themosteconomicalchoiceiswalking.Itcostsnothing,ishealthful,butitistimeconsuming.Theaveragepersoncanwalkabout4-5milesperhour,sothistripwouldtakeatleast10hourstocomplete.ThatmeansIwouldprobablyhavetospendthenightsomewherealongtheway.IfIhavetospendmoneyfbrahotel,thenthischoicereallyisn'tfree.Plus,Imightarriveattheendtiredandwithsorefeet!Afterwalkingcomesanimaltransportat沁n.Inmyarea,horsesarenotcommon,soitwouldn'tbealikelychoice.Ibelievethata40-miletripwouldtake2or3hoursonahorse.IfIhadfreeaccesstoahorse,thecostwouldbeminimal.Ofcourse.I'dhavetoknowhowtoride!Withacar,thetraveltimeisminimal(underonehour),withonlythecostofgasolinetoconsider.However,Idon'townacar,andcarrentalsareexpensive.Sharedtaxisareoneformofaffordabletransportation,with4or5peoplesharingthecostofacartriptoacommondestination.Theonlydownsideisfindingpeopletosharethefarewithme.Fortunately,Iliveinanurbanarea,wheretherearebusesandtrainstoride.Oneofthesewouldbemyfirstchoice.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39(第9/11页)2009-12上午02:57:22Inshort,thekindoftransportationdependsonhowfast1needtogettomydestinationandhowmuchmoney1have.If1needtogettherefirst,andmoneyisn'timportant,Icanhireaprivatetaxi.SinceIdon,townmyowncar.Idon'thavethatoption,andIhaveneverwalked40milesinsonetrip.Iusuallydependonthebusandtrains,andwoulddosointhiscircumstance.Theyarecheap,dependableandreliable.76PRSomepeoplebelievethatacollegeoruniversityeducationshouldbeavailabletoallstudents.Othersbelievethathighereducationshouldbeavailableonlytogoodstudents.Discusstheseviews.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Explainwhy.Bothgoodandbadstudentsshouldhavetheopportunitytoattendcollege.Everyoneshouldhaveaperiodtolearnaboutthemselvesbeforetheybegintoworkandearnmoney.Aneducationisaninvestmentinyourselfandinyourfuture.Goodorbad.astudentmustdecidetoinvestrealmoneyandrealtime.Highereducationisveryexpensive.Itmightseemlikeawasteofmoneytosendsomeonetocollegewhomightnotbeabletohandlethecoursework.Still,educationisavaluableinvestmentinfuturecareerearnings.Peoplewithcollegedegreesmakemoremoneyandhavemoreopportunitieslater.Ifpeoplehaveadesiretoimprovetheirlives,dowehavetherighttosayno?Highereducationisalsoabiginvestmentoftime.Somepeoplethinkaweakstudentshouldgetajobandearnsomemoney.Theythinkpoorstudentsshouldn'twastetheirtimeatcollege.Butcollegeisatimetomeetdifferentpeople,separatefromyourparents,andbegintodefineyourselfasaperson.Ithinkthat'sanexperienceeverystudentshouldhave.Ithinkeverystudentshouldbegivenachancetoseehowfarshecango.Studentswhogotpoorgradesinhighschoolmightdoverywellinadifferentenvironment.Collegemaybeexpensiveandtaketime,butit'saninvestmentinone'sselfandone*sfuture.155篇大学应背英语课文(五)请输入关键字作者:本站来源:www.bfsunt.cn发布时间:2009-1-1717:12:57减小字体增大字体83PRSomepeopleprefertospendmostoftheirtimealone.Othersliketobewithfriendsofthelime.Doyouprefertospendyourlimealoneorwiihfriends?Usespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.IfIhadtochoosebetweenspendingtimealoneorspendingtimewithmyfriends.I'dratherbealone.Ineedthistimealoneto“rechargemybatteries,''tore-energizemymindandspirit.Beingwithfriendscanbefunandcanhelpyougetthroughtheroughspotsinlife,butit'sthetimealone.Ithink,thatformsyouasaperson.WhenI'malone,1havetimetothinkaboutmygoalsandtodevelopastrategytoreachthem.Ofcourse,IcanthinkaboutthesethingswhenI'mwithothers,butit'shardertoconcentrateinacrowd.BeingalonegivesmethequiettimetoreallythinkaboutmylifeandwhatIwanttodowithit.Beingbymyselfisalsoagoodwaytolistentothesilenceandrelaxcompletely.WhenI'maloneIcanpracticemeditationandlowermystresslevel.That'saverygoodwaytosharpenmypowersofconcentration.Toomuchtimewithfriendsmeansfillingmymindwithalotofchitchats.Thal'senjoyableforamoment,butcandullmyconcentration.Beingwithotherpeoplecanalsodistortmyviewofthings.It'seasysometimestobecometooworriedaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofme.orwhatotherpeoplehavethat1don't.WhenI'maloneIhavetimetostepback.Icanseetherealvalueofthings,withoutbeinginfluencedbytheopinionsofmyfriends.It'snaturaltowanttobewithotherpeople,but1
21findthetimeIspendaloneismorevaluabletomeinthelongrun.83PRSomepeopleprefertospendtimewithoneortwoclosefriends.Otherschoosetospendtimewithalargenumberoffriends.Comparetheadvantageofeachchoice.Whichofthesetwowaysofspendingtimedoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.Weallneedtohavefriends,andIthinkthemorefriendswehavethebetter.Friendshiphelpsusleamhowtotrustothers,whattoexpectfromothers,andhowtoprofitfromexperiences.IwanttohavealoloffriendsaroundmesoIcanleammoreaboutmyselffromdifferentpeople.IwanttohavepeoplearoundmethatItrustandthatIcandependon.Weallneedfriends,bothintimesoftroubleandintimesofhappiness.IfIonlyhaveafewfriends,itispossiblethattheymightnotbeavailableifIneedthem.IfIhavealotoffriends,itismorelikelythattheywillbeabletosharemytroublesormygoodfortune.Iwanttohavepeoplearoundmethatsurpriseme.IfIhavejustoneortwofriends,Iknowwhattoexpectfromthem.Iknowhowtheywillreact.IfIhavealotoffriendsaroundme,Iwillalwaysbesurprised.Eachwillhaveadifferentwayofreactingtoasituation.ObservingthisreactionandrespondingtoitwillteachmehowtodealwithstrangerswhomImightmeet.Iwanttohavepeoplearoundmethatcanteachmesomethingaboutlife.IfIonlyhaveacoupleoffriends,Iwillknoweverythingaboutthemveryquickly.IfIhavehundredsoffriends,thinkwhatIwilllearn.Eachdaythey'llteachmesomethingnewandshowmeanewwayofthinkingaboutsomething.Ihavealottoleaminlife,soIwantasmanypeopleaspossibletohelpme.Iwantalotoffriendstoshowmehowtohaveagoodtime.I'lldothesameforthem.84PRSomepeoplethinkthatchildrenshouldbegintheirformaleducationataveryearlyageandshouldspendmostoftheirtimeonschoolstudies.Othersbelievethatyoungchildrenshouldspendmostoftheirtimeplaying.Comparethesetwoviews.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Why?Shouldchildrenplaymoreorstudymore?Thequestioniswhatwillbebetterforthechild.Therearebenefitstobothactivities,buttheanswerdependsonthedetailsofthesituation.Therearemanythingsthatcouldaffecttheoutcomeoftheargument.Whatkindofaschoolisit?Itcouldbeaschoolwherechildrensitattheirdesksalldaylongmemorizingdatesandfacts.Oritcouldbeaschoolwheretheteacherhelpsthechildrenlearnwhattheywanttoleam.Ithinkthesecondkindisalotbetterforachildthanthefirstkind.Similarly,whatkindofplayarewetalkingabout?Thechildcouldbealonealldaylongwatchingtelevision,whichcouldmakehimorherboredandlonely.Orthechildcouldbeinvolvedingroupactivitieswithneighborhoodchildrenofthesameage.whichcouldhelphimorherlearnhowtogetalongwithothers.Ithinkbothstudyandplayarevaluable,soIwouldprefertosendmychildtoaschoolwherethereisacombination.Ithinkavarietyofactivitiesmakeslearningeasierforanyoneatanyage.85PRThegovernmenthasannouncedthatitplanstobuildanewuniversity.Somepeoplethinkthatyourcommunitywouldbeagoodplacetolocatetheuniversity.Comparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofestablishinganewuniversityinyourcommunity.Usespecificdetailsinyourdiscussion.Thefirstadvantageofhavinganewuniversitybuiltinmycommunitywouldbethejobsitwouldbringtothecommunity.Initially,thejobswouldbethoseconnectedwiththeactualbuildingoftheuniversitystructures,suchasbricklayersandcarpenters.Oncethebuildingwerecompleted,thejobswouldbethoseonthecampusitself.Thosewouldincludeteachers,officeworkers,custodians,andlibrarians.Notallofthepeopletheuniversityhiredwouldalreadybemembersofthecommunity,sothatwouldmeanalotofnewpeoplecomingtotown.Ofcourse,alotofstudentswouldcometoo.Twoadvantagesofnewpeopleintownwouldbemoretaxpayersandamorediversepopulation.Withmorepeoplepayingtaxes,therewouldbemoremoneyforschools,librariesandothercommunityneeds.Withamorediversepopulation,therewouldbenewstores,newrestaurants(toservedifferenttastes)andnewculturalinfluences.Ofcourse,therewouldalsobedisadvantages.Morepeoplelivinginthecommunitycouldmeanmorehousesbeingbuilt.Therewouldbemoretrafficonthestreets,withthecombinationofnewresidentsandstudentswhobringtheircars.Plus,morepeoplewouldmeanmorepublicserviceswouldbeneeded.Theseservicescouldincludeeverythingfromtrashcollectiontomoreschoolstoholdallthechildrenofthenewresidents.Newservicesmightmeanlocaltaxeswouldhavetogoup.eventhoughtherewouldbemoretaxpayers.Anotherdisadvantageisthatthepersonalityofourcommunitywouldchange.Ilwouldgofrombeingaplacewhereeverybodyknowseverybodyelsetoaplacewherealotofpeoplearestrangers.Itwouldbecomeaplacewithalotofshort-termresidents,liketheuniversitystudents,whomightnotcareasmuchaboutthetown.Communitiesalwayschangeovertime,though,andoverallIliketheatmosphereofa“collegetown.0Anewuniversitywouldbringalotofchallenges,butIthinkitwouldbeworthit.86PRSomepeoplethinkthatthefamilyisthemostimportantinfluenceonyoungadults.Otherpeoplethinkthatfriendsarethemostimportantinfluenceonyoungadults.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Useexamplestosupportyourposition.Althoughfriendsmakeanimpressiononyourlife,theydonothavethesameinfluencethatyourfamilyhas.Nothingisasimportanttomeasmyfamily.Fromthem.Ilearnedeverythingthatisimportant.1learnedabouttrust,ambition,andlove.Yourfamilyiswithyouforever.Theyarenotgoingtoleaveyoubecausetheyfindanotherdaughtertheylikebetter.Theyarenotgoingtoleaveyoubecausetheythinkyouaretoomuchtrouble.Afamilyispermanent,whilefriendscomeandgo.Yourparentsareyourrolemodels.Theywillencourageyoutodoyourbest,topushyourself,andtoimproveyourself.Friendswantyoutostaythesame:theydon'twantyoutobedifferent.Afamilyisambitiousforyou.Friendsarenot.Yourfamilyteachesyouaboutlove.Afamily'sloveisnotjudgmental.Theyloveyouforeverythingyouare.FriendsmayloveyoubecauseyouhaveanewcarorbecauseyougooutwiththemonSaturdays.Afamilylovesyou.Friendsonlylikeyou.Withoutmyfamily,Iwouldn'tknowwhattodo.Iwouldn'tfeelassecure.Imightnothavetheambitiontogotoschool.Iprobably
22wouldbeafraidtolove.Myfamilyismygreatestinfluence.83PRSomepeopleprefertoplanactivitiesfortheirfreetimeverycarefully.Otherschoosenottomakeanyplansatallfortheirfreetime.Comparethebenefitsofplanningfree-timeactivitieswiththebenefitsofnotmakingplans.Whichdoyouprefer—planningornotplanningforyourleisuretime?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyourchoice.Ithinkthatfreetimeisapreciousthingformostofus.Whenwe'reworkinghard,it,snicetoimaginewhatwe'lldowhentheweekendcomes.Wejuggleoneideawithanother,tryingtodecidewhatbestsuitsourbudgetandtheamountoftimewehave.Afterall,anticipatingfreetimeispartofthepleasure.It,sgoodtoplanwhatwe'regoingtodowithourfreetime.Thatwaywewon'twasteanyofittryingtodecide.It'ssoeasytojustsitaroundandthinkaboutthisorthatactivity.Beforeweknowit.halfthedayisgone.Ifwedecideaheadoftime.Wfecangetstartedinplentyoftime,andwecangetthemostbenefitoutofthetimewehave.Forinstance,ifwe'regoingonapicnic,wecangetalloursuppliesreadytogo.Orifwe'regoingtoamovie,wecanfindoutthetimeandhowlongit'lltakeustogetthere.Also,ifweplanwhatwe'regoingtodowithourfreetime,wecaninviteotherstojoinus.Ifwewaituntilthelastminute,ourfriendsmayhaveotherplans.Ontheotherhand,it'salsofunsometimestodothingswithoutaplan.Wecanjustleavethehouseandwalkaroundandseewhatcatchesourattention.Often,thisishowwediscoverplacesweneverknewexisted.佻mightendupdoingsomethingweneverthoughtwe'dtry.Wsmightjusthappentofindourselvesoutsideanewbookstoreorabowlingalleyhltp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第3/20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13andgoinonawhim,becausewehavesomefreetime.It'sniceifwecanhavethebestofbothworlds.Wecanplanourfreetimeactivitiesforonedayoftheweekend,andlettheotherdayplanitself.Thiswayourfreetimealsogivesustheenjoymentofhavingitbothways.84PRPeoplelearnindifferentways.Somepeoplelearnbydoingthings;otherpeoplelearnbyreadingaboutthings;otherslearnbylisteningtopeopletalkaboutthings.Whichofthesemethodsoflearningisbestfbryou?Usespecificexamplestosupportyourchoice.Theeffectivenessofalearningmethodvariesfrompersontopersonandalsofromactivitytoactivity.Learningbydoing.learningbyreading.andlearningbylisteningallhavethetransferofinformationastheirgoal,buttheinformationistransferredinverydifferentwaysineachcase.Eachhasitsbenefits.Inmyownopinion,learningbydoingisthemethodthatworksbestfbrme.Learningbydoingworksbecauseitgivesalearnerfirst-handexperience.Othermethodsaremorepassive;you'reeitherlisteningtoaconversationortryingtopayattentiontowordsonapage.However,learningbydoingmeansactuallyparticipatingintheactivity.Canyouimaginelearninghowtoplayamusicalinstrumentformabook?Asthesayinggoes.jKacticemakesperfect.Frankly.Ican'tthinkofawaythatbetterensuresonehastrulylearnedthanbyseeinganddoing.Incontrast,readingmakeslearninglesseasytovisualize.Notonlythat,learningbyreadingoftenrequiresextraresearch,suchaslookingupunfamiliarwords.Also,youmightnotbeagoodreader,oryoumightbelearninginasecondlanguage.Ifso,youmightfindithardtoconcentrateorbecomefrustratedbytheslowpace.Sowhilereadingisfunandusefulformanypeople,forothersitmaynotbethebestway.Learningbylisteningcanbeenjoyable.Livelydebateisinteresting,andinterestingthingsareusuallyeasiertolearnabout.Plus,unlikereading,youcanaskquestionsifyoudon'tunderstand.However,aswithreading,itisalltooeasytobecomeapassivelistenerandnottrulylearnanything.Ifyougetbored,youmightevenfallasleepwhileyou'relistening!Whenyou'reactivelyparticipatinginsomething,you'remorelikelytostayalert.Overall,whenitcomestolearning.Ibelievethatnothingsubstitutesforthefirstbandexperiencethatphysicallydoinganactivityprovides.85PRSomepeoplechoosefriendswhoaredifferentformthemselves.Otherschoosefriendswhoaresimilartothemselves.Comparetheadvantagesofhavingfriendswhoaredifferentfromyouwiththeadvantagesofhavingfriendswhoaresimilartoyou.Whichkindoffrienddoyoupreferforyourself?Why?Therearealotofadvantagestohavingfriendswhoaredifferentfromyou.Foronething,they,IIgiveyouadifferentwayoflookingattheworld..Friendswhoaredifferentcanintroduceyoutofoods,music,politics,andbooksyou'venevertriedbefore.Ifyou'reaspontaneouskindofperson,someonewhoismorescheduledcanhelpyougetbetterorganized.You,ontheotherhand,canhelpthemloosenupalittlebit.anddothingsmoreonthespurofthemoment.Someonewhoisdifferentfromyouwon'thavethesamereactiontosituations.Thiscanbeabighelp.Ifyou'rethekindofpersonwhogetsveryimpatientwaitingforyourmealinarestaurant,ithelpstohavesomeonecalmwithyou.Yourfriendcanhelpyoukeepyourtemper.Ifyou'realittletimidaboutstandingupforyourself,amoreassertivefriendcanhelpyoudevelopalittlemoreself-respect.However,therecanalsobeadvantagestohavingfriendswhoaresimilartoyou.Youusuallyenjoydoingthesamethings,soyoudon'thavetoargueaboutwhatyouwanttodo.Sometimesit'sfunexperiencingnewthings.Othertimes,it'smorefundoingwhatyouknowyou'llenjoy.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第4/20页）2009-1-2】上午02:59:13
23Allthingsconsidered,IthinkI'dliketohavealotofacquaintanceswhoaredifferentandafewclosefriendswhoaresimilartome.Thatseemsthebestofbothworlds.83PRSomepeopleenjoychange,andtheylookforwardtonewexperiences.Othersliketheirlivestostaythesame,andtheydonotchangetheirusualhabits.Comparethesetwoapproachestolife.Whichapproachdoyouprefer?Explainwhy.Therearethosewhopreferthingstostaythesame,whilethereareotherswhopreferchange.Mypersonalpreferenceistoestablisharoutineandsticktoit,thoughthishasnotalwaysbeentrueofme.WhenIwasyounger.Iwasn'tacreatureofhabit.1enjoyedchange.WhensummerscameandIwasfreefromtheresponsibilitiesofschool,1wouldtravel,takeoffwithfriendsatamoment'snotice,andmakedecisionsfromdaytoday.Inthisway,Ihadlotsofnewexperiences,metnewandinterestingpeople,andlearnedalotaboutlife.Thesedays,Ienjoystickingtoaroutine.ThisispartiallyduetothefactthatIamamotheroftwosmallchildren.1findthattheirlivesarehappierifIdon'tupsettheirschedulestoomuch.Forexample,wegivethechildrenabatheverynightat8:00.putthemintheirpajamasreadthemstoriesandputthemtosleepby9:00.Therearetimeswhenthisisinconvenient,buteveryoneinthehouseholdishappierifwesticktoourroutine.Inaddition,ourfriendsknowwhentofindusathomeandwhenwearefree.Thismakesvisitingeasier.Inconclusion,thetypeofpersonIamhaschangedwiththecircumstancesofmylife.Theobligationsofmyfamilyforcemetohavearoutine.WhenIwasyoung,Ienjoyedthesuspenseandadventureoflivingacrazylife.Nowthestabilityofahouseholdroutinesuitsmebetter.Ithinkthatwhilemostpeopleneedaminimumamountofsecurity,thosewhodependonyouoftenmakeadifferenceinyourlifestyle.84ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplebehavedifferentlywhentheyweardifferentclothes.Doyouagreethatdifferentclothesinfluencethewaypeoplebehave?Usespecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.Peopledobehavedifferentlydependingonwhattheyarewearing.Thereasonisnotbecausetheyhavechanged,butbecausepeople'sreactionstothemhaschanged.Certainclothesareappropriateforcertainsituations.Amancanwearasuittoworkandawomancanwearsomethingprofessionallookinglikeaskirtandjacket.Wheneveryonedressesthesame,thereisnoproblem.Itislikeauniform.Imaginegoingtoalawofficetohirealawyer.Oneofthelawyersiswearingasuit;theotheriswearingjeans.Whichlawyerdoyouwanttohire?Similarly,amechanicworksoncarsalldayandwearsclothesthatcangetdirty.Itwouldbestrangetofindamechanicwearingacoatandtietorepairandengine.Peoplewilltreatyoudifferentlydependingonwhatyouarewearing.Itwilldependonhowwelltheyknowyouandwhereyouare.Ifyourclothesareunusualforthesituation,theymaytreatyouwithdisrespect.IrememberonceIhadanoldarmycoat.Iworeitintoafancycandyshoptobuysomechocolates.Thewomanwasverysuspiciousandalittleafraid.Icouldn'tunderstandherreactionsinceitwasstillmeunderneathmybig,olduglygreencoat.Iwasdressedlikeabumandthiscausedthesalespersontoreactnegativelytome.Consequently,1wasevenmorepolitethanusual.Thisexperienceshowsmethatsometimes1dobehavedifferentlybecauseofwhatI'mwearing.Inthiscase,Ihadtobalancemyappearance.Still,thatdoesn'tmeanthatI'mrudeifIdressup.85ADDecisionscanbemadequickly,ortheycanbemadeaftercarefulthought.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Thedecisionsthatpeoplemakequicklyarealwayswrong.Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouropinion.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第5/20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13Idisagreewiththestatementthatthedecisionspeoplemakequicklyarealwayswrong.However,1thinkthosedecisionsprobablyturnouttobewrongmoreoftenthancarefullymadedecisionsdo.Usually,fastdecisionsarebasedonwhatwecallour"gutreactions,orfeelingswehaveaboutasituation.Sometimesthesegutreactionsarebasedongoodsensebackedbyexperience,butsometimesthey'rebasedonnonsenseorpoorreasoning.Let'ssayyou'reatworkandthebosscallsyoutohisofficeandtellsyouthere'sabigprojectthatneedstobedone.Hethinksyou'rethebestpersonforthejob,butheneedsananswerfromyouonthespot.Hehasn'ttoldyouwhattheprojectis,butyoumakethequickdecisiontoaccept.Thisistherightquickdecision,becauseyou'rebasingitonalotoffactorsthatwilloccurtoyoulater.Oneisthatitwouldn'tmakesenseforthebosstoaskyoutodosomethinghedidn'tthinkyoucouldhandle.Thatwouldonlyhurthisbusiness.Plus,doingagoodjobonthisprojectmighthelpyourcareer.Yourealizeit'sgoodtoreachhigher,ifyouwanttogetahead.Butlet'ssayyou'reonadesertedhighwaylateatnightandyourcarbreaksdown.Alongcomesacardrivenbysomeonewhodoesn'tseemquiterighttoyou.Heoffersyouaridetothenearestgasstation.Youmakethequickdecisiontoaccepttheridebecauseit'slate,you'recoldandtiredandyoudon'twanttosittherewaitingforthehighwaypatroltoarrive.Thisisacasewhereaquickdecisionisawrongdecision.Youshouldn'ttradeyourpersonalsafetyforphysicalcomfort,andifyouthoughtaboutit,youwouldn't.Howdoyouknowwhenit'sokaytomakeaquickdecision?Youhavetobeabletoguessatthepossiblebenefitsversusthepossibledangers.Ifit'sasmalldecisionlikewheretogotolunch,whocares?However,ifmywholefuturewereatstake.TdwantasmuchtimeasIcouldgettothinkaboutit.86.Somepeopletrusttheirfirstimpressionsaboutaperson'scharacterbecausetheybelievethesejudgmentsaregenerallycorrect.Otherpeopledonotjudgeaperson'scharacterquicklybecausetheybelievefirstimpressionsareoftenwrong.Comparethesetwoattitudes.Whichattitudedoyouagreewith?Supportyourchoicewithspecificexamples.Anyopinionis,infact,ajudgment.IfeelthatasAmericanswewoulddowelltojudgeotherslessoften.Still,wemustbeabletodecidewhomtospendourtimewithandwhomwe'dratherforget.Inmyopinion,thistypeofjudgmentisbestafterwegettoknowotherpeople.Firstimpressionsarenotalwaysaccurateimpression.Judgingapersonbasedonafirstimpressiondoessavetime.Therearemorepeoplethananyonecouldpossiblygettoknowinonelifetime.Itisfrustratingtowastetimegettingtoknowsomeone,onlytofindoutthatyourfirstimpressionwascorrectandthatyoureallydon'tlikehimorher.Soisitawasteoftimegettingtoknowpeopleyourprobablywon'tlike?Thalseemstobeavalidpointofview,butIbelievethatitisnotthebestattitudetotake.It'smorehumanetospendtimegettingtoknowpeoplebeforejudgingthem.1knowthatIdon'talwaysmakeagoodfirstimpressionevenwhen1trulylikethepersonwithwhomIaminteracting.Wfeallhavebaddays,Iwouldn'twanttoloseajoborapotentialfriendshipsimplybecause1pickedoutthewrongclothingorsaidsomethingwrong.Ithinkeveryonedeservesthechancesmakeasecondimpression.Ifweallbaseourfinalopinionofothersonfirstimpression,itwouldbehardtogettoknowanyone.Thereisalwaysmoretopeoplethanmeetstheeye.Ifwedon'tgivesomeoneachance,wemaybemissingoutonmeetingalife-longfriend.Thatwouldtrulybeshame.
2483.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleareneversatisfiedwithwhattheyhave;theyalwayswantsomethingmoreorsomethingdifferent.Usespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.Ithinkit'sprobablytruethatpeopleareneversatisfiedwithwhattheyhave.Theyalwayswantsomethingmoreorhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40(第6/20页)2009-1-21上午02:59:13somethingdifferentfromwhatistheirs.Thisjustseemstobepartofourhumannature.Lookatatoddler.Giveheratoytoplaywithandshe'happy—untilsheseessomethingelse.Thenshewantsthatothertoytoplaywith.Ifsheandherbrotherareeachgivenacookie,she'lllooktoseewhosecookieisbigger.She'llprotestloudlyifshethinksherbrotherisgettingmore.“Thegrassisalwaysgreener''isanoldexpression,butit'sagoodexpressionofhowmanyofusfeel.We'realwaysstrivingforabetterjob,anicerplacetolive,afanciercar,ormoreexpensiveclothes.Partofthisreachingformoreandbetterisbecausewecareaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkandwanttoimpressthem.Partofitistryingtomakeourselvesfeelsuccessful.Butthere'alsosomethinginournaturethattellsuswecandobetterandreachhigher.Thisisn'talwaysanegativequality.There'sanothersaying:''Aman'sreachshouldexcesshisgrasp.Orwhat'saheavenfor?*'It'sagoodthingtobeconstantlypushingourselvesandlookingforsomethingdifferent.Ifwedon'ttryformoreanddifferentthings,webegintostagnate,likeapoolthatdoesn'tgetanyfreshwater.Theproblemcomeswhenwewon'tletourselvesbesatisfiedwithanythingwehave.Ifwehaveacomfortablelifeandstillfeelasifsomething*smissing,thenweneedtolookinward.Thesomethingthat'smissingmaybeinourspirit.84ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldreadthosebooksthatareaboutrealevents,realpeople,andestablishedfacts.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouropinion.TheImportantofFictionHowcouldanyonesuggestthatpeopleshouldonlyreadaboutrealevents,realpeople,andestablishedfacts?Foronething,thatmeanspeoplewouldn'tbereadinghalfofallthegreatbooksthathaveeverbeenwritten,nottomentiontheplays,shortstoriesandpoetry.Foranother,itwouldmeanthatpeople'simaginationswouldnotdevelopaschildrenandwouldremaindulledthroughouttheirlives.Readingstoriesasachildhelpsdevelopourcreativitybyreachingusalotabouthowtousewordstocreatementalimages.Itopenourworldup.exposingustoothertimesanddifferentwaysofliving.Readinghistoriesofthosetimeswouldservekindofthesamepurpose,butitprobablywouldn'tstickinourmindsassharply.ReadinganessayaboutpovertyinVictorianEnglandisnotthesamethingasreadinginCharlesDicken'sOliverTwist.Theimagesofasmallboybeingsoldaremorehorrifyingthansimplyreadingthestatement,**childrenweresoldintolabor“becauseanovelmakesthatsmallboyseemrealtounderstandingfictionmakesamorelastingimpressiononourmindsandemotions.Besides,storytellingisanemotionalneedforhumanbeings.Fromearliesttimes,humanshavetaughttheirchildrenaboutlife,notbytellingthemfactsandfigures,butbytellingthemstories.Someofthesestoriesshowwhatpeoplearelike(humannature),andhelpusexperienceawiderangeoffeelings.Somemakeusthinkabouthowweshouldact.Tellingachildthatit'swrongtoliewillmakelittleimpression,buttellinghimthestoryofalittleboywhosegrowslongereverytimebetellaliewillmakeabigimpression.Fictionistooimportanttoourculture,ourminds,andouremotions.Howcouldweevergiveitup?85Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Itismoreimportantforstudentstostudyhistoryandliteraturethanitisforthemtostudyscienceandmathematics.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouropinion.Ithinkit'smoreimportantforstudentstostudyhistoryandliterature,thesesubjectshelpusunderstandthehumanraceandfeedourspiritsandourimaginations.That'smoreimportantthanunderstandinghowtosplittheatomordoalgetra.Peopletalkaboutacrisisofspiritinourcountry.Theymeanwe'veforgottenhowtobelieveinandunderstandourownbetternatures.Ithinkpartofthisisbecausewe'vebecometooexcitedaboutfactsandnotenoughaboutthingswecan'thttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7ids40（第フ/20页）2009/-21上午02:59:13seeandmeasure.Readingbooksfromourownculturehelpsusunderstandourroots.Readingbooksfromothercultureshelpsusunderstandthewayotherpeoplethinkandreacttosituations.Italsoteachesusthatwe'renotsoverydifferentfromothers,andthatleadstobetterrelationsbetweencultures.Readingliteraturealsofeedsourspirits.Evenwhenthematerialwe'rereadingisaboutterriblesadnessandhardship,itstillbringsusintouchwithourinnerselves.Itmakesusthinkaboutissuesotherthannewcarwewanttodriveorhowmuchmoneywe'remaking.Studyinghistorygivesusmoreinformationthanjustwhodiedwhenorwhowonwhichwar.Ittellusabouthowhumanbeingshaverelatedtoeachotheratdifferentperiodsinourdevelopment.Itgivesusthebigpicture.Sooften,wheninternationalcrisesoccur,weonlyseetheproblemofthemoment.Wehavenoideahowsomethingthathappenedtwentyyearsagowasthebeginningofthiscurrentproblem.Withoutthatinformation,wecanhaveonlyashallowunderstandingof?goingonintheworld.
25Bothhistoryandliteraturearenecessarysubjectsforstudentstoprepareformorethanjustcareers.Thesesubjectspreparestudentsforthewaytheywanttolivetheirlives.83Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Allstudentsshouldberequiredtostudyartandmusicinsecondaryschool.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouropinion.Iagreethatallstudentsshouldberequiredtostudyartandmusicinhighschool.I'vereadthatyoungchildrenwhostudyartandmusicingradeschooldobetterintheirotherstudies.Thatargumentaside,weshouldstudyartandmusicforitssakealone.Weshouldstudyartandmusictolearnmoreaboutourselves,ourculture,andourworld.Bothartandmusicfeedstudents'imaginationsandhelpthemexpressthemselves.There'sareasonourancestorsincavesdrewonthewalksandmakemusicwithdrums.Wantingtoexpressourselvesisnatural.Itgivesusan?forouremotionsandfears.Itmaynotalwaysbemusicotherwanttohearorartotherswillappreciate,buttheactivityitselfisenjoyable.Itshouldn'tmatteriftheendofresultisn'tperfect.Intheprocess,welearnwhatwelikeanddislike.Studyingartandmusicmeansmorethandrawingorplayinganinstrument.Studentusuallygotoartgalleriesandconcerts,too.Bystudyingthepicturesonthemuseumswallsorbyreadingtheprogramnotesatarecital,studentswilllearnwhatsocietyhasdecidedisworthyofpraise.Theylearnwhatisimportantintheirownculture.Studentsmayalsolearnaboutotherculturesbylookingatartandlisteningtomusicfromothercountries.Whentheydothat.they*11seesimilaritiesanddifferenceswiththeirown.They'lllearnaboutwhatisimportantinothersocieties.Studentwillalsolearnhowtheartandmusicofothersocieties.Studentswillalsolearnhowtheartandmusicofotherculturesaffectourown.Bystudyingartandmusicinhighschool,studentsbegintounderstandthemselvesaswellastheirowncultureandotherculture.Whatcouldhavemorevaluethanthat?84Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Thereisnothingthatyoungpeoplecanteacholderpeople.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouropinion.Manyofusbelievethatyoungpeoplehavenothingvaluabletoteacholderpeople.Howeverthatisnotalwaysthecase.Youngpeoplecanteacholderpeopleabouttechnology,youngculture,andyoung-relatedsocialissues.Youngpeopleareusuallybetteratusingnewformsoftechnologythanolderpeoplecanlearntousecomputersfromyoungpeople.Thisistrueofothertechnologytoo.Forexample.1taughtmygrandparentshowtouseavideocassetterecorderwhenIwasthirteenyearsold.Theydidn'tknowwhatitcoulddo?Showedthem.Nowtheyuseitregularly.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第8/20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13Olderpeopleareusuallynotfamiliarwithyouthculture,andyoungerpeoplecanhelpheretoo.Thisisimportantbecauseitcanhelpolderpeopleliveamoreenjoyablelife.Forexample,popularmusicisgenerallyyouthoriented,andolderpeopledon'talwayslistentoit.However,whenyoungpeopleteachthemaboutit,theymaycometoenjoyit.MyGrandmother,forexampleneverlistenedtopopularmusicbeforeIintroduceshertoit.NotesheandIlistenanddanceallthetime.Iplantoteachheraboutanotherpieceofyouthculture-rollerblading-一一verysoon!Ofcourse,therearemoreseriousissuesaboutwhichyoungerpeoplecanteacholderpeople.Aswithcomputer,today'schildrenhavegrownupknowingaboutAIDSandschoolviolence.Thatisnottrueforoldergenerations.Here,again,childrencanteacholderpeopleaboutthingsthatareimportanttoeveryone.Iknowtherearepeoplewhowouldsay“youcan'tteachanolderdognewtricks.''However,it'splaintomethattheyounghaveplentytoteachtheoldiftheytakethetimetotry.Whentheydo,Ithinkbothgainanewappreciationforeachother.85Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Readingfiction(suchasnovelsandshortstories)ismoreenjoyablethanwatchingmovies.Usespecificreasonsandexamples(oexplainyourposition.Readingfiction,suchasnovelsandshortstories,ismoreenjoyablethanwatchingamovie.Ofcoursetheimagesinamoviearemuchmorevivid,becauseyou'reseeingthemonalargescreeninadarkroom.Theimagesyou"see”inanovelareonlyasstrongasyourownimagination.Butthemoreyouread,thestrongeryourimaginationbecomes.Readingexerciseyourimaginativepowers.Etchingamoviedullsthem.Imaginationlikeamuscleneedstobeused.Otherwiseitcandisappear.Whenyouread,you'reanactiveparticipantinyourownenjoyment.That*sonereasonreadingdevelopstheimagination.You'rereadingthewordsonthepageandtranslatingthemintoimagesinyourmind.Whenyou'rewatchingamovie,you'reapassiveviewer.Themovieisgivingyoueverything.Nothingcomesfromyouexceptyourreactiontowhatyou'reseeing,andeventhatcanbegivenyoubythemovie.Somemovieplotsaresosimple,youcanpredictwhat'sgoingtohappenbeforeitdoes.Readingfictionalsodevelopsyourstorytellingskills.Themorereadingyoudo,thebetteryoubecomeatcreatingplotsandcharacters.Theplotsandcharactersinmoviesareoftenverysimple,becausetheemphasisisonactionratherthanonlanguageorcharacterdevelopment.Still,goingtothemoviesisagreatcommunityexperience.Sittinginalargetheaterwithalotofotherpeopleisfun.Youexperiencethesamereactionstowhatyou'reseeingtogether.Readingisaone-personexperience.It'sachancetogointoanimaginaryworldbyyourself.Bothexperiencescanbefunandrewarding,butIthinkreadingfictionismoreenjoyable.86Somepeoplesaythatphysicalexerciseshouldbearequiredpartofeveryschoolday.Otherpeoplebelievethatstudentsshouldspendthewholeschooldayonacademicstudies.Whichopiniondoyouagreewith?Givespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Whilephysicalexerciseisimportant,Idonotbelievethatitistheschool'sresponsibilitytoprovidephysicaltrainingforitsstudents.Thatissomethingthateveryonecantakecareofonhisorherown.Manystudentsgetplentyofphysicalexerciseaspartoftheirdailylifeorrecreation.Astudentwhobicyclestenmilestoandfromschooldoesnotneedmoreexercise.Agoodphysicaleducationprogrammusttakeastudent'soutsideactivityintoconsideration.Otherwise,somestudentswillspendvaluableclasshoursrepeatingphysicalexercise.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40(第9/20页)2(X)9-1-21上午02:59:13
26Ifaschoolofferssuchactivities,italsosuggeststhatstudentswillbegradedonthem.Therangeofpossiblephysicalactivitiesisgreat:football,swimming,weightlifting,ballet,ballroomdance,yoga,skiing,horsebackriding,andgolfarejustafew.However,thenumberthataschoolcouldofferissmall.Somestudentscouldgetbadgradesinphysicaleducationsimplybecausetheschoolcouldnotprovideanactivitytheyenjoyordowell.Thisseemsunfair.Researchsuggeststhatparticipation,notexcellence,intheseactivitiesdeterminesthephysicalbenefitsthebodywillget.Anotherissueiseconomic.Manyschoolsdonothavethemoneytoprovidegymfacilities,playingfields,andathleticequipmentfortheirstudents.Otherschoolsarelocatedincitieswherethatkindofspacejustisn'tavailable.Afewschoolswouldratherkeepmoneyforacademicpurposes.Schoolscancertainlyencouragephysicalactivity.Theycanprovidespacefornoticesaboutactivities,events,andclassesforphysicalactivities.Theycanencouragestudentstoplantimeawayfromacademicstudiestogetsomeexercise.However,Ithinkthatprovidingexerciseshouldnotbetheschool'sresponsibility.83Auniversityplanstodevelopanewresearchcenterinyourcountry.Somepeoplewantacenterforbusinessresearch.Otherpeoplewantacenterforresearchinagriculture(farming).Whichofthesetwokindsofresearchcentersdoyourecommendfbryourcountry?Usespecificreasonsinyourrecommendation.Theimportanceofagriculturalandbusinessresearchcenterscannotbeunderestimated.Successinfarmingandsuccessinbusinesseachcanimproveacountry'sstanding.Ithinkthatagriculturalresearchtendstoimprovethequalityofindividualcitizens'lives,whereassuccessfulbusinesspracticesimproveacountry'seconomyinrelationtoothernations.Choosingbetweenanagriculturalandabusinessresearchcenterisadifficultdecision.However,1believethattheagriculturalresearchcenterwouldbemostbeneficialbecauseitsbenefitsaremorewidespread.BusinesspracticesintheUnitedStatesalreadyserveasamodelformanyothercountries.Whilewecertainlyhavemuchtolearn,theU.S.alreadyhasfairlysolideconomicbasis.Further,businessesarealreadywell-connectedinternationally.TheyhavetheadvantageoftheInternetandothermeansofelectronicinformationtransmission.Ithinkthatabusinessresearchcenterwouldreallyonlyhelpafewdirectly.Businessmenwouldgetricher.Fortherestofthecountry'speople,theremightbelittleobviousbenefit.Ontheotherhand,anagriculturalresearchcenterwouldhelpallpeople.Nocountrycansurvivewithoutadequatemeansoffoodproduction.WhiletheU.S.isabletoproduceorimportenoughfoodnow,thatmaynotremainthecaseifcurrenttrendscontinue.Naturalresourcesareeroding,andmoreandmoreAmericanfarmsareclosing.Farmersneedtobuildstrongernetworksacrossthecountryandinternationally,muchasbusinessmenalreadyhavedone.Ultimately,bettersystemsforfarmingwillhelpallpeople.Forexample,foodpricescanbereducedasfarmersdiscovermoreeffectivemeansoffoodproduction.Morally.Ibelievethatitisbesttodowhatwillbenefitthemostpeople.1believethattheuniversity'sdecisiontobuildanagriculturalresearchcentercoulddojustthat.84Someyoungchildrenspendagreatamountoftheirtimepracticingsports.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthis.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Mostkidslovetoplaysports.It'simportanttothem,butforthemajority,it'sjustonetypeofactivityoutofmanythattheydo.Forasmallnumberofkids,though,asportbecomestheirwholelife.Theyspendalmostalltheirtimeandenergypracticing.Thishasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Sportsaregoodforyoungchildreninmanyways.Kidswhoenjoysportsarelikelytohavebetterhealth.Theydevelophltp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第!0/20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13goodhabitsofdailyexercisethatwillkeepthemhealthyasadults,loo.Today,manychildrenandadultsareoverweight.butthosewholovesportsstayinshape.Plus,bydevelopingtheirphysicalabilities,theywillleamhowtoworkhardtowardsagoal.Theirachievementsinsportswillmakethemfeelgoodaboutthemselves.They'llalsomakefriendsandlearnteamwork.Sports,whetheralittleoralot,canhavepositiveeffects.Wfeadmirethetalentanddedicationofyoungathletes,butwealsowonderifthey'relosingsomething.Theirfbcusisverynarrow.Iftheydevotemostoftheirlimetosports,aretheyneglectingschoolwork?Whataboutotherinterests?Childrenshouldtryoutmanydifferentactivities.Inaddition,manyyoungathletesarepressuredbyparentsorcoachestosucceed.Kidswhosedrivecomesfrominsideusuallydookay,butotherscanbeunhappyandhavehealthandemotionalproblems.Sosports,likeanythingelseinexcess,canhavenegativeeffectloo.WhenIwasyoung,1likedbooksandhatedsports.Isawotherpeoplewholovedsportsandhatedschool.NowthatI'molder.I'vefoundabetterbalance.Peoplehavetofigureoutwhat'srightforthem.Istheresuchathingastoomuchsports?Thereisnorightanswer,becausethereisno“rightamounl."Everyoneisdifferent.85Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Onlypeoplewhoearnalotofmoneyaresuccessful.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Manypeoplebelievethatalargeincomeequalssuccess.Ibelieve,however,thatsuccessismorethanhowmuchmoneyyoumake.Someofthosemeasuresofsuccessincludefame,respect,andknowledge.Mostpeopleassumethatfamouspeoplearerichpeople,butthatisn'talwaystrue.Forexample,somedayIwouldliketobeafamousresearcher.Fewscientistsarerichbyloday'sstandards.StillIwillfeelmyselftobesuccessfulifIamwell-known.Additionally,therearcmanyfamoushumanitarianswhoarenotrich.MotherTheresawasone.Certainly,noonewouldsayshewasnotsuccessful.Ialsobelievethatbeingrespectedbycoworkersindicatessuccess.Withoutthatrespect,moneymeanslittle.Forexample.Ioncedidsomeworkforatopattorneyinalawfirm.Hemadeaverygoodsalary,buthewasn'taniceman.Nooneeverdidworkforhimwillingly.Heorderedeveryonearound,andwedidn'trespecthim.Incontrast,however,Ihada
27wonderfulbanddirectorinhighschool.Hehadtotakeextrajobsjusttomakeenoughmoneytosupporthisfamily.However,hisstudentshadgreatrespectforhimandalwayslistenedtowhathesaid.Asaresult,wewereaverygoodband.Inmyopinion,mybanddirectorwasmoresuccessfulthantheattorneywas.Finally,Ithinkoneofthemostimportantindicatorsofsuccessisknowledge.Wfealthypeopledon'tknowalltheanswers.Forexample,inthemovieGoodWillHunting,theonlypersonwhocouldsolvesomecomplexproblemswasthejanitor.Heknewalot,anddecidedwhathewantedtodowiththatknowledgeratherthanjustthinkaboutmoney.Inmyopinion,hewasextremelysuccessful.Whenwethinkofhistory,therearefewpeoplethatweremembersimplybecausetheywererich.Overall,werememberpeoplewhodidsomethingwiththeirlives-theywereinfluentialinpolitics,orcontributedtoscienceorartorreligion.Ifhistoryistheultimatejudgeofsuccess,thenmoneysurelyisn'teverything.83Ifyoucouldinventsomethingnew,whatproductwouldyoudevelop?Usespecificdetailstoexplainwhythisinventionisneeded.IfIcouldinventsomethingnew,I'dinventadeviceorpillthatcouldpulpeopleiosleepimmediatelyandwouldhavenosideeffects.Theproperamountofsleepisimportantforourconcentration,mentalhealth,andphysicalhealth.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第!1/20页）2009-1-2I上午0259:13Gettingenoughsleepisavitalhumanneed.Foronething,withoutsleepourconcentrationisstronglyaffected.M'reeasilydistracted,wecan'trememberthings,andwedon'tnoticewhat'shappeningaroundus.Forexample,alotofcaraccidentsarecausedbytireddrivers.Whenwegetenoughsleep,ourpowersofconcentrationaresharper.We'remorefocusedonwhatwe'redoing.Neperformbetter.Mentalhealthisalsoaffectedbylackofsleep.It'seasytotellifpeopledon'tgetenoughsleep.They'reonedge,cranky,andoutofsorts.Theylosetheirtemperseasilyandover-reacttosituations.Infact,experimentshaveshownthatlackofsleepoveralongperiodoftimecancauseacompletementalbreakdown.Whenwegetourproperrest,we'remorealertandresponsive.Ouroutlookispositive,andwe'remucheasiertogetalongwith.Ourphysicalhealthshowsthestrainofsleeplessness,too.Wehavelessenergy,andeverythingseemslikeamajoreffort.Overalongperiodoftime,webecomeslowandunresponsive.Thewearandtearonthebodyfromlackofsleepcanbeaveryserioushealthproblem.Everydoctorwilltellyouthatgettingenoughsleepisabasicfactorinmaintaininggoodhealth.Wouldn'titbegreattogotobedeverynightknowingyou,dhavenoproblemgettingtosleep,nomatterwhat'sgoingoninyourlife?Gettingenoughsleepisalwaysgoingtobeanimportantpartofhowyourespondtoyoursituation.Ithinkthisdevicewouldbeveryhelpfultoallofus.84Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Aperson'schildhoodyears(thetimefrombirthtotwelveyearsofage)arethemostimportantyearsofaperson'slife.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Iagreethataperson'schildhoodyears,frombirthuntiltwelveyearsofage.arethemostimportant.AlltheinformationI'vereadaboutthattimeoflifestatesthatthesearetheyearsthatformus.Theseyearsdeterminewhatkindofapersonthechildwillbecome.Duringtheseyearswelearnaboutrelationships,beginourformaleducationanddevelopourmoralsenseofrightandwrong.Theearlyyearsarethetimewhenwelearnaboutrelationships.Firstwelearnaboutourparentsandsiblings,thenaboutrestoftheworld.Welearnhowtorespondtoothersbasedthetreatmentwe'regiven.Ifwe'reloved,thenweknowhowtoloveothers.Ifwe'retreatedharshly,wemaygrowuptotreatothersharshly.Nsalsoformourideasaboutourownself-worthfromthewayotherstreatusduringtheseyears.Theycanconvinceuswe'reworthless,ortheycanteachuswedeserveloveandrespect.Therearetheyearswhenwebeginourformaleducation.Weacquirethebasicskills-reading,writing,workingwithnumbers-thatwe'11usethroughoutourlives.Weneedagoodfoundationinthesesubjects.Otherwise,anythingwetrytodolaterwillbeunderminedbyourlackofskills.Perhapsthemostimportantthingwecanlearnduringtheseyearsishowtoanalyzeinformationanduseit.Theseareskillsthatwillalwaysbeuseful.Mostimportant,frommypointofview,thesearetheyearswhenwedevelopourmoralsenseofwhat'srightandwrong.Othersteachusaboutgoodandbad,butlaterinourearlyyearswebegintodecideforourselves.It'salsoduringthistimethatwebegintodeveloptheself-disciplinetoliveaccordingtoourmorals.Ibelieveapersongrowsandchangesforthebetterthroughoutthemanystagesoflife.However,thefoundationislaidinthosefirstfewyearsoflife.85Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Childrenshouldberequiredtohelpwithhouseholdtasksassoonastheyareabletodoso.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.InthepastinAmerica,childrenwerevaluableworkers.Forexample,theyhelpedonthearmorinthefamilybusinessinordertobringinmoney.Justacoupleofgenerationslater,attitudeshavechanged.Nowchildrenarehardlyexpectedtohttp:〃www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40(第12/20页)2009-1-21上午02:59:13workatall.Modemchildrenoftendon'tevendochores.Thisissad,becauseIthinkthattheyaremissingsomethingiftheydon'thelpoutathome.Sharinginhouseholdtasksbenefitschildrenofallages.Firstofall,householdtasksbuildskills.Veryyoungchildrenlearnmotorskillsandclassificationskillswhentheypickuptheirtoysandputthemaway.Talkingabouthowtodothingshelpsthemlearntoanalyzesituations.Olderchildrenlearnskillsthey'llneedasanadult.Cleaningandcookingmayseemdull,butknowinghowtodothemwellmakeslifealoteasier.Howmanyyoungadultsleaveforcollegeunabletodotheirownlaundryorcookanythingbesidesafrozenmicrowavedinner?Hsamazinglycommon.Wheneveryoneinafamilyhelpsout.thefamilyishappier.Nowadaysit'scommonforbothparentstowork.whentheycomehome,theyhavemoreworktodo.Lifeisstressfulandthere'snotimeforfun.Bysharinghouseholdtasks,everyonegains.Childrencanhelptheirparentswithsimpletaskssuchaspickinguptheirownrooms,puttingawaytheir
28ownlaundry,startingdinneroccasionally,ortakingcareofyoungersiblings.Thenthefamilycanrelaxtogether,andparentwon'tfeellikeservantstotheir“couchpotato''offspring.Themostimportantthingchildrenlearnfromhelpingwithhouseholdtasksisresponsibility.Handlingeverydaytasksteachesorganizationandtimemanagementskills.Childrenlearnthatchoreshavetobecompletedbeforetheycanplay,orbeforetheygettheirallowances.Childrenwhounderstandthateffortpaysoffwillbemoresuccessfullaterinlife.Kidsshouldnotworkallthetime.Ahappylifeneedsbalance.Butiftheycansuccessfullyhandletasksathome,theywillhandlelifebettertoo.Theywillknowthesatisfactionofdoingagoodjob,beinvolvedinfamilylife,andbecomemoreconfidentandresponsibleadults.83Somehighschoolsrequireallstudentstowearschooluniforms.Otherhighschoolspermitstudentstodecidewhattoweartoschool.Whichofthesetwoschoolpoliciesdoyouthinkisbetter?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Manyhighschools,bothpublicandprivate,requirestudentstowearuniforms.Ithinkthatsuchapolicyisanexcellentideabecauseuniformscanmakethingsmoreequalforallstudents.First,uniformsmakestudentsequalonaneconomiclevel.Withuniforms,studentsfrompoorfamiliesdressthesameasstudentsfromrichfamilies.Thiscanpreventenvyandjealousyaboutstylishclothes.Itcanalsoencouragestudentstoformfriendshipsbasedonpersonality,notclothes.Second,uniformscanreduceunequaltreatmentbyteachers.Researchsuggeststhatteachersoftenhavehigherexpectationsformoreattractivestudents,whichincludethosestudentswithnicerclothes.Thisspecialattentioncanincludeprovidingmorechallengesandopportunitiesforthesestudents.Uniformshelpteachersmakejudgmentsbasedonability,notappearance.Finally,uniformsencouragetheindividualstudentsofaschooltofeellikepartofabiggergroup.Theirfeelingsofbeingtogether,workingtogetherandhavingsomethingincommonareallhelpedbyuniforms.Itismyopinionthatallschoolsshouldhaveapolicyrequiringuniforms.Uniformsgiveeverystudentanequalchance.84Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Playingagameisfunonlywhenyouwin.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Iagreewiththeoldsaying,"It'snotwhetheryouwinorlose,it'showyouplaythegame.,'Idon'tneedtowin.Ihavefunplayingallgamesbecauseitgivesmetimetobewithfriends,learnnewthings,andworkasateam.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第!3/20页）2009-1-2I上午02:59:13TennisisonegamethatIenjoy.It'sagreatopportunitytosocialize.Ofcourse,youcan'tcarryonaconversationwhileyou'replaying,butmytennispartnerandItalkalotbeforethegame.Sincewehavetoreserveacourt,wehavetotalktooneanothertofindaconvenienttimetomeet.Thenwehavetomakesurethatthecourtisavailableatthattime.Thisoftentakesmanyphonecallsand,ofcourse,wetalkaboutmanyotherthingsduringthesameconversation.Oncewegettothecourt,weoftenhavetowait.Thatgivesusanotheropportunitytochat.Afterthegame,weusuallygooutforasodaoramealandtalksomemore.Wsdon,teventalkabouthowwellorhowpoorlyweplayed.Tennisisjustanexcuseforustogettogether.TheboardgameScrabble,ontheotherhand,isarealskillbuilder.It'sachallengetoformwordsfromthelettersinfrontofyouandontheboard.Ialwayslearnanewwordfrommyopponent,althoughsometimesI'msuspiciouswhetherthewordreallyexists.Oftenwedon'tevenkeepscore.佻justdoitbecauseit'sfunandwelearnnewEnglishwords.SocceristhemostcompetitivesportI'minvolvedin.Idomybest,butitdoesn'tmattertomeifmyteamloses.Ienjoyjustbeingwithmyfriendsandtravelingtodifferentschoolsindifferentcitiestoplay.1learnalotaboutteamworkwhenwepractice.Ourcoachtellsusthemostimportantthingistoplaywellasateam.Itseemsshejustwantsustohavefunandnotworryaboutwinning.Allinall,Ijustenjoyhavingagoodtime.Presumablythat'sourpurposeinlife.Isn'tthatbetterthanworryingaboutwhowinsandwholosesallthetime?85Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Highschoolsshouldallowstudentstostudythecourses（hatstudentswanttostudy.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Ithinkhighschoolstudentsshouldbeallowedtochoosesomeofthesubjectstheystudy.However,thebasicsubjects,likemathematics,literature,andscience,shouldbemandatoryforallstudents.WhenIwasinhighschool,wewereallowedtochoosethreeelectiveseachsemester.Electivesweresubjectsthatweren'tpartofthebasiccurriculum.Theyincludedthingslikemusic,journalism,art,andvariouskindsofteamsports.Choosingsomeofthesesubjectstostudygavemeachancetoexperiment.IwasabletogetaheadstartonwhatIwasgoingtostudyincollege.However,collegepreparationshouldn'tbethemainfactor.Ithinkallstudentsshouldbeallowedtotakeacertainnumberofcoursesjustbecausethey'reinterestedinthem.Formanystudents,highschoolisthelastchancetolearnaboutthingsthey'reinterestedin.Maybeoncetheyhaveajobtherewon'tbetimeforstudying.Ofcourse,it'salsoimportantthatstudentsstudycertainbasicsubjects.IfI'dhadachoice.IknowIwouldn'thavestudiedmathematicsorscience.Iwasn'tveryinterestedinthem.However,onceIwasinclass.Ifoundmyselfgettinginterested.Iwouldn'thaveknownthisifI'dbeengiventhechoice,becauseIwouldhavechosennottotakethecourses.Highschoolstudentsaren'talwaysthebestjudgesofwhatthey'llfindusefulintheyearsahead.Theyneedtheguidanceofexpertsinthefieldofeducation.However,theyalsoneedsomefreedomtofollowtheircuriosityandindividualinterests.Theyshouldbegiventhefreedomtochoosesomecourses,whilebeingrequiredtotakeothers.86ADDoyouagreeordisagreewithfollowingstatement?Itisbettertobeamemberofagroupthantobetheleaderofagroup.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Accordingtomyopinion,it'salwaysbettertobealeaderthanafollower.Trueleadershowinitiative.Theytakeactionandtheyassumeresponsibility.
29Aleadermakesadecision.Somefollowersmayapproveofthedecision,othersmaycomplainaboutit.However,thesefollowersallchosetofollow,nottolead.Theychosenottomakeadecision.That'shttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第14/20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13howI'mdifferent.I'mnotafollower.Iwanttomakethedecisions.Goodleaderwillnotreacttoevents,butwillanticipatethem.Aleaderwillstartaplanofactionandthenwillpersuadeotherstofollow.Forexample,aclasspresidentatalocalcollegemayfeelthattherelationshipbetweenthecommunityandthecampusisnotagoodone.Thecitizensmayfeelthatthecollegekidsmaketoomuchnoiseonthestreet,litterpublicareas,andshopinothercommunities.Agoodclasspresidentwillrecognizethatthecommunityandthecampusdependononeanother.Thepresidentwillaskthestudentbodytokeepnoisedown,helpcleanuptheneighborhoods,andworkwithbusinessestoattractstudents.Agoodleadertakestheinitiative.Goodleadersmustbeaction-oriented.Havingtakentheinitiative,theymustseethejobthough.Theyhavetotakechargeandleadthefollowers.Theyhavetomotivateandencouragethefollowers.Thefollowers（inthisexample,thestudentbody）mustunderstandwhygoodrelationswiththecommunityarenecessary.Thefollowersmustbepersuadedtodosomethingaboutit.Ienjoytakingtheinitiative,determiningthedirection,andbeingresponsibleformyactions.Idon'twanttosufferthroughotherpeople'sstupiddecisions.Iftherearegoingtobestupidwaystodosomething,letthembemine.Wouldn'tyouagree?83EXWhatdoyouconsidertobethemostimportantroominahouse?Whyisthisroommoreimportanttoyouthananyotherroom?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Thekitchenismyfavoriteroominahouse,becauseitiswherefamiliesgather,lbme,thatisthemostimportantthing.Somanyofthememoriespeoplehaveofgrowinguprevolvearoundthekitchen.Mychildhoodmemoriesconcernthekitchensinmygrandparents'homes.Mymother'sfamilylivedinarowhouseinthecity.Theroomswereallsmall,andthatincludedthekitchen.Inthesummertime,whenwe'dvisit,thebackdoorofthehousewouldbeleftopen.Peoplewouldbesittingonthebackporchandinthekitchen,talkingandlaughing,whilemygrandmothermadedinner.Therewasnoair-conditioning,butIdon'teverrememberfeelingtoohot.Therewasalwaysabreezecomingthrough,alongwiththesoundsoftrafficandkidsplayingballinthestreet.Myfather'sfamilyliveronafarminthecountry,andtheirhousehadahugekitchenwithwindowsonthreesides.Itseemslikethewindowswerealwaysopenandthecurtainsblowingwiththebreeze.Themaindoortothehousewasalmostneverused.Everyonecameinthroughthekitchen,andsatatthebigtableinthemiddleoftheroom.Whendinnerwasbeingprepared,allthewomenwouldbustlearound,whilethemensatatthetabletalkingaboutfarmprices.Sometimesmygrandmotherwouldn'tevensitdownduringdinner,butwouldberefillingbowlsoffoodandpeople'sglasses.Fromoutside,wecouldhearthecowsinthefieldnearthehouse.Thesetwokitchensarethebackgroundforsomeofmyhappiestmemories.Fromthebeginningoftime,humanbeingshavegatheredtogethernearthefirewherethefoodwasbeingprepared.Ihopethatneverchanges.84MAIfyoucouldmakeoneimportantchangeinaschoolthatyouattended,whatchangewouldyoumake?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.Mostoftheschoolsthat1attendedbadexcellentprogramsandinstructors.Unfortunately,atoneschoolthiswasnotthecase.Theforeignlanguageprogramthereneededbothbetterplanningandbetterinstructors.If1could,Iwouldmakechangesinthreemajorareas.Thefirststepwouldbetoofferthirdandfourthyearlanguageclasses.Thisparticularschoolhadnolanguageprogramshttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40(第15/20页)2009-1-21上午02:59:13abovethesecondyearlevel.Studentswhostartedlanguageclassesinthefirstyearranoutofclassestotalkbythelimetheywerehalfwaythroughtheschool.Thiswasfrustratingforthoseofuswholovedlearninglanguages.Italsohadbadaffectswhenwetriedtoresumelanguagestudiesincollegeafteratwo-yearbreak.Next,theforeignlanguageprogramshouldbestaffedwithwell-trainedinstructors.Thecurrentteachersintheprogramdon'tspeakthelanguageswellenough.Inourclassesteachersfrequentlymadeerrorswhilethestudentsrepeated.Iftheteacherswerewell-trained,theywouldbegoodmodelsforthestudents.Finally,thematerialsinthelanguagecoursesshouldbeupdated.Theyneedtousemodemtechnology.Eventhoughtheschoolhasacomputerlaboratory,ourlanguageclassneverusedit.Wewerelimitedtousingtheassignedtextbook.Ifsoftwarewasavailable,thestudentscouldsearchtheInternetforcurrent,real-lifematerials,suchasnewspapersfromothercountries.Understandingpeoplefromothercountriesdependsonbeingabletocommunicatewiththem.Poorlanguageinstructionmakesthisimpossible.Improvingtheforeignlanguageprogramwouldreallymakeadifferencetothestudentsoftheschool.85MAAgift(suchasacamera,asoccerball,orananimal)cancontributetoachild'sdevelopment.Whatgiftwouldyougivetohelpachilddevelop?Why?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyourchoice.WhenIwasabout1()yearsold,myoldersistergavemeapresent.Itwasmyfirstrealgrown-upbicycle:athree-speed,yellowandblack,shinyandnew.IstillrememberhowexcitedIwas.Thatbicyclewasveryimportanttomeoverthenextfewyears.IfIwantedtogiveagiftthatwouldcontributetoachild'sdevelopment,Iwouldchooseabicycle.Bikesaregreatexercise.Theyencourageoutdoorplay.Televisionandvideogames,whicharethemostpopularchildren'sactivitiesnowadays,involvemostlysittingandstarting.Ridingabikemakesexercisefun.Bikesareconvenienttransportation,too.Withoutabikeyouhavetodependonanadulttodriveyoualmosteverywhere.Withabikeyoucangofarther.Youcanridetoyourfriend'sbouses.Ifyourschooliscloseenough,youcantakeyourselftoschool.Youhavecontroloverwhereyougo,andyou,renotalwayswaitingorbeggingforaride.Nowyoucansayl 30bicyclegavemefunexercise,easytransportation,andfreedom.Forallthesereasons,1thinkthatabicycleisaspecialpresentforachild.83PRSomepeoplebelievethatstudentsshouldbegivenonelongvacationeachyear.Othersbelievethatstudentsshouldhaveseveralshortvacationsthroughouttheyear.Whichviewpointdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Iliketheideaofstudentshavingseveralshortvacationsthroughouttheyear.I'maworkingparentwithtwoschool-agechildren.EverysummerIhavetocomeupwithaplanforkeepingmychildrensafeandentertainedforthreemonths,whilemyhusbandandIareatwork.Summercampsareexpensive,andfindingtheoneyourchildrenwillenjoycanbeachallenge.Gettingridofthatonelongvacationwouldmakelifealoteasier.Havingseveralshortervacationswouldalsomakeiteasiertoschedulevacations.MyhusbandandIbothworkinsmallhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40(第!6/20页)2009-1-21上午02:59:13officeswithotherworkingparents.Allofusneedvacationtimeduringthesamethreemonths.Thisishardonourbusinessesandourcareers.Wealsofindthatwhereverwegointhesummer,it'scrowded.Itwouldbenicetogoplacesthroughouttheyearandfindsmallercrowds.I,msuretheattractionsthemselveswouldlikethatbetter,too.Itwouldbebetterfortheeconomytospreadthingsout,too.Ithinkmychildrenwouldbemorefocusedontheirstudentsiftheirvacationtimewasdividedupthroughouttheyear.Thefinalmonthoftheschoolyear,they'rejustnotpayingattention.They'vebeeninschoolforninelongmonthsandtheydon'thavealotofenergy.Plus,they'reanticipatingvacationtime.Ifvacationswerethroughouttheyear,theywouldconcentratebetteronstudies.Ofcourse,manyolderschoolbuildingsaren'tair-conditioned,becauseusuallypeoplearen'tthereduringthehottestmonths.Thatmightbeaproblem.Ithink,though,thatnewair-conditioningwouldbeworththecost.Duringthelastfewweeksofsummer,mychildrenareboredwiththeirlongvacation.Idoubtthatwouldhappeniftherewereseveralvacationsthroughouttheyear.84PRWouldyouprefertoliveinatraditionalhouseorinamodernapartmentbuilding?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Iknowthereareadvantagestolivinginamodernapartment,butI'dprefertoliveinatraditionalhouse.MyreasonisthatIlovetraditionaldesign.It'sgracefulandwarmandinviting.Ithinkmoderndesignisveryemptyandsterileandnotveryinviting.So,becauseofthewayitlooks.I'dchooseatraditionalhouse.Irecognizethefactthatamodemapartmentisgoingtobeinmuchbettershape.Beingnewprobablymeansalltheplumbingworks,theroofisn'tgoingtoleak,thewindowsareproperlysealed,andthekitchenappliancesareinworkingorder.Atraditionalhousecan'tguaranteeanyofthat.Infact,it'slikelythatthingswillbreakdownorneedreplacement,simplybecauseofage.Still,iftheappliancesareold,soisthewoodandthat'sabigadvantageasfarasI'mconcerned.Veryfewnewbuildingshavethekindofwoodsthatwereusedyearsago.It'ssomethingthatcan'tbecopied.Spaceisalwaysimportanttome.too.Ineedalotofroomformyhomeoffice,myclothes,andtodisplayalltheknickknacksI'vepickedupinmytravels.Ialsoliketohaveinterestingspace.Idon'twantalltheroomsandwindowsthesamesizeoraboxydesign.Amodernapartmentusuallycomesinonesizeandshape.AtraditionalhouseisgoingtohaveavarietyofspaceswhereIcanputalittletableorawindowseat.Anditwillhavelotsofroom,frombasementtoattic.Theseareallgoodreasonsformetopreferlivinginatraditionalhouse.Somepeoplelovemodemdesign,butit*snotforme.Thespaceandbeautyofatraditionalhomearemoreimportanttomethanhavingeverythingnewandperfect.85PRSomepeoplesaythatadvertisingencouragesustobuythingsthatwereallydonotneed.Otherssaythatadvertisementstellusaboutnewproductsthatmayimproveourlives.Whichviewpointdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Thewholepointofadvertisingistoencourageustobuythingswedon'tneed.Advertisersareinthebusinessofmakingmoneyofthemselvesandtheirclients.Iftheymanagetosellussomethingthat'sgoodforustoo,that'sfine.Buttheirprimarygoalisprofit.hltp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第!7/20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13Itbeginswhenwe'rechildren.Saturdaymorningchildren'stelevisionisfullofcommercials.Overandoveragain,childrenseeimagesoftoysandgames.Theyseeotherchildrenwhoarehavingthetimeoftheirlives.Theywatchthesechildrenandgetthemessagethatiftheywanttohavethatmuchfun,theyneedtobuythosethings.Thus,ataveryearlyage,we'reintroducedtotwoideas:thatwewanttobelikeeveryoneelse,andwewanttohavewhateveryoneelsehas.Thiscontinuesthroughoutourlives.Nsspendalotofourmoneytryingtokeepupwithourneighbors.Wtbuythelatestmodelcars,haveallthelatestgadgetsinourhomes,andlivealifestylebeyondourbudgets.Advertisingencouragesustodefineourselvesbywhatweownratherthanbywhoweare.Ilencouragesacompetitionoffalsevaluesandshallowmeasurementsofwhatmattersinourlives.Advertisingcanbedamaging.However,itisalsooneofthewaysinwhichoureconomykeepsgrowing.Peopleneedtobuyproductsinorderforotherpeopletohavejobsmanufacturing,transportingandsellingthoseproducts.Advertisingalsokeepsusinformedaboutnewproductsthatmayactuallyhelpusinsomeway.Forthesereasons,youcouldsayadvertisingisanecessaryevil.86PRSomepeopleprefertospendtheirfreetimeoutdoors.Otherpeopleprefertospendtheirleisuretimeindoors.Wouldyouprefertobeoutsideorwouldyouprefertobeinsideforyourleisureactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.EnjoyingTimewithMotherNatureIfIhadtochoosewheretospendmyleisuretime.I'dratherspenditoutdoors.Ispendallmyworkinghoursinsideatadesk.WhenIhavesomefreetime.Iwanttocompletelychangemyenvironment.Gettingoutdoorsgivesmeanewperspectiveandhelpsclearmymind. 31Beingoutdoorsgivesmetheopportunitytotrynewtings,seenewsights,andmeetnewpeople.Stayingindoorsmeansreadingabookorwatchingtelevision.Sometimesitinvolvesvisitingwithfriends.Thoseareallrelativelyinactive.Beingoutdoorsmeansachancetostretchmymentalandphysicalmuscles.IcangohikinginanareaI'veneverbeenbefore.Icangoswimmingorraftingontheriver.Icangoonanaturewalkwitharangerandlearnaboutflowersandtrees.IcanvisitalltheoutdoormonumentsinmycitythatI'veneverseenbefore.Ineachcase,Fmdoingsomethingthathelpmerelaxwhilealsoenjoyingtheexcitementofsomethingnew.Ofcourse,weatherisafactor.Ihaveahardtimefunctioninginextremelyhotorcoldweatherandliketostayindoorswhenit'sbelowfreezingortheheatisscorching.Attimeslikethat,it'sfuntositinsiciewithagoodbookoragoodfriendlookingoutattheweatherandenjoyingthecomfortsofhome.Butiftheweathercooperates,it'sfuntoreadthatbookoutsideonaparkbenchorgoswimmingwiththatfriend.Enjoyingleisuretimeoutdoorscanalsomeanmakingnewfriends.Gettingoutsidemyownenvironmentgivesmetheopportunitytomeetnewpeople.Allinall,leisuretimeIsbetterwhenit'sspentwithMotherNatureratherthatatelevisionset.83MAYourschoolhavereceivedagiftofmoney.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwayforyourschooltospendthismoney?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Agiftofmoneyisgenerousandwelcomedatourschool.Therearemanytingsthatmyschoolcoulduse.Tbdecide,onemustconsidertheamountofthegiftandunderstandthatitisaone-timeting.Keepingthisinmind.Ithinkthatmyschoolcouldmostbenefitformnewclassroomfixtures.Ifyoulookedatourschool,youwouldagreethatnearlyalloftheclassroomscouldusenewdesks,chairs,chalkboards,http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第18/20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13bookshelvesandcabinets.Ourschoolisoldandthepeoplewholiveherearen'tverywealthy.Newequipmentwouldprovidestudentswiththetoolsthattheyneedtolearn.Itishardtowritepapersiftherearen'tenoughdesksandchairs.Itishardtolearnwhentheblackboardsaresooldthattheycan'tbeerasedproperly.Itisalsodifficulttoorganizeschoolsupplieswithoutproperbookshelvesandcabinets.Anotherplusthatnewequipmentwouldprovideisthatitwouldmaketheschoolmoreattractivetothecommunity.Itishardforacommunitytobeproudofaschoolthatisfallingapurt.Ifthecommunityfeltthatoutschoolwasimportant,perhapsotherswouldgivemoremoneyinthefuture.Thatwouldallowustofurtherimproveourschool.Inaddition,maybecommunitymemberswouldfeelencouragedtocomeandhelpoutintheschool.Thatwouldmakeitevenbetter.Studentswouldbehappierwithnewequipment.Itwouldmakethemwanttocometoschoolandlearn.Therewouldbefewerdropouts.Bycontinuingintheireducation,thesestudentswillbeabletobettercontributetoourcommunityinthefuture-perhapsevenbecomingfurtherschoolteachers.Whiletherearemanythingsthatcanbepurchasedwithagiftofmoneyatourschool.Ibelievethatnewequipmentisthebestchoice.Newequipmentwouldimprovethelearningenvironment,thecommunity'sattitude,andthestudents'feelingsabouttheirschool.84ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Playinggamesteachesusaboutlife.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Almosteveryone,fromlittlechildrentoadults,lovesgames.Thetypesofgamesmaychangeandgetmorecomplexaswegrowup.butourenjoymentneverchanges.Playinggamesisbothfunanduseful,becausegamesteachustheskillsweneedinlife.Firstofall,playinggamesteachesusthateverythingwedocausessomethingelsetohappen.Ifwebitaball,itwilllandsomewhereorsomeonewilltrytocatchit.ifwemakecertaincombinationswithcards,we'llearnpoints.Sowhenweplayagame,welearnthereisalwayscause/effectrelationship.Nslearntopayattentiontowhat'shappeningaroundusandseehowpeoplereacttowhatwedo.Playinggamesalsoteachesushowtodealwithotherpeople.Welearnaboutteamwork,ifthegamehasteams.佻!earnhowtoassigntasksaccordingtoeachperson'sskill.Welearnhowtogetpeopletodowhatwewant,andwelearnthatsometimeswehavetodowithotherpeoplewant.Gameplayingteachesushowtofollowrulestoachievesomething.Inagame,theruleshavebeenworkedoutinadvanceandmakethegamegomoresmoothly.Wefindoutthatifwewanttoreachagoal,weneedtoknowtherules.Wslearnhowtogostepbysteptowardsadesiredend.Nealsoleamhowtomakeadjustmentswhenthingschange.Welearnhowtodeviseaplanforreachingourgoal.Wfelearnstrategy.Mostpeopleunderstandthat"allworkandnoplay"isbadforyou.learningallthesethingswouldbemuchslowerifwedidn'tplaygames.Lifewouldbemuchduller,too.155篇大学应背英语课文（六）请输入关键字减小字体增大字体85.MAImaginethatyouhavereceivedsomelandtouseasyouwish.Howwouldyouusethisland?Usespecificdetailtoexplainyouranswer.Landisavaluableresource,anditisimportanttouseiteffectivetocreatesomethingthatallpeoplecanenjoy.Ithereforeproposetousethelandtobuildacampground.Atthepresenttime,there'slittlelow-costrecreationinthearewhereIlive.Buildingacampgroundwouldchangethat.Ultimatelyacampgroundwouldmakeamoreenjoyableenvironmentforeveryone.Localentertainmentissimplytooexpensive.Aniceeveningoutcancostasmuchasonehundreddollars.Evenmoviesandotherlessexpensivetypesofentertainmentarenolongercheap.Further,therearenorealrecreationalfacilitiesnearby.Therearenoparkswithin30miles.Thereareveryfewbasketballcourts,andmostofthoseareibpoorcondition.Buildingacampgroundcouldchangeallthat.Stayingovernightatacampgroundisveryinexpensive.Itcancostaslittleasthirtydollars.Further,therewouldbeasportsareaandpicnictablesforusebycampersandalsothosewhodonotwishtostayovernight.Acampgroundwouldprovidealotofactivities 32forverylittlemoney.Thatwoulddefinitelyimprovethisarea.Theresultofbuildingacampgroundwillbethatmanymorepeoplewillbeabletoaffordanenjoyableeveningout.Acampgroundalsopromoteshealthyliving.Peoplecangetoutandbreathefreshair.Theycanwalkandbikeandplaybasketballorothersports.Thatiscertainlybetterthanspendinganeveningsittingdown,eatingbutterypopcorninamovietheater.Acampgroundwillmaketheareabeautifulaswellasfunctional.Wehavemanywonderfulnaturalresources,butweneedtocultivatethem.Inadditiontoalltheothergoodthingsitcanbring,buildingacampgroundwillhelpusdojustthat.83.EXwhatisthemostimportantanimalinyourcountry?Whyistheanimalimportant?Usereasonsandspecificdetailstoexplainyouranswer.IntheUnitedStates,therearemanyimportantanimals.Theyhelpusinawiderangeofwaysfromfoodproductiontoscientificresearch.Ananimalthatisnotonlyhelpfultousbutclosetousemotionallyisthedog.ThatiswhyIfeelthatdogarethemostimportantanimalsinmycountry.Dogsprovideaveryimportantchancetolearnormaintainsocialskills.Childrenwhohavedogslearnresponsibilitywhilecaringforthem.Dogsalsohelpolderpeople.Theelderlyoftenfeellonelyastheygetolderandhavefewerlivingfriendsandrelatives.Theyareabletomaintainapositiveoutlookandtofeelneededbecausetheyarecaringforadogthatneedsthem.Inadditiontosocialbenefits,dogsalsoprovidesomeveryimportantassistance.Seeing-eyedogshelptheblindinglivefulfilling,fullymobilelives.Dogsthatactasshepherdsonsmallfarmsarealsoveryhelpful.Lostanimalsmeanslostmoneyforfarmers,andthatcanmeangoingoutofbusiness.Policedogscanfindillegaldrugs,catchcriminals,andprotecttheirhandlers.Dogs'intelligenceanddesiretopleasepeoplemadethemidealforallkindsofwork..Finally,dogscansavelives.Dogshavebeenknowntotmdlostchildren.Inextremelycoldconditions,theyhaveprovidedthemwithlife-savingwarmth.Dogshavealertedpeopletofiresandotherdangers.Andwecannotforgetguarddogs,whichsavemanyowners,livesandpropertyeachyearbyscaringoffpotentialburglars.Again,thereareusefulanimalsintheUnitedStates.Intermsofthenumerouswaysinwhichtheycanbehelpful,however,Ibelievethedogisthemostsignificant.123.EXManypiirtsoftheworldarelosingimportantnaturalresources,suchasforests,animals,orcleanwater.Chooseoneresourcethatisdisappearingandexplainwhyitneedstobesaved.UsespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinionManynaturalresourcesaredisappointedofbeingwastedonourplaneteveryday.Oneofthemostimportantresourcesweareabusingisourtrees.Eachyear,hundredsofthousandsofacresoftreesdisappearincountriesallaroundtheworld.Insomecountries,thesetreesareusedforfuel.Inothercountries,treesaredestroyedtobuildhousingdevelopmentsandshoppingcenters.Savingtreeshasbecomeamajorculturalandeconomicalissueinmanyoftheworld.Treesareessentialtooursurvival.Theyareamajorpartoftheprocessofphotosynthesis.Photosynthesisistheprocessinwhichgreenplantsusecarbondioxidetoproduceoxygen.andoxygenissomethingallofusneed.Thefewertreesthereare.themorethisaffectsourabilitytobreathe.Treesarealsoimportantinthedevelopmentofmanymedicines.Themainstreammedicalestablishmentdidnotrecognizethisformanyyears.However.thosewhousenaturalmedicineshavealwaysknownhowimportanttreesare.Nowscientistsareagreeingwiththem.Manydrugscomefromtheleavesofcertaintrees,alongwithotherherdsandplants.Inruralareas,farmershavealwaysknownhowimportanttreesaretosoilconservation.Thisiswhyyou'llusuallyseetreesliningafield.Treerotshelpkeepthesoilinplace,andarealsoafactorinwaterdistributiondeepbeneaththeground.Finally,weshouldsavetreesfromdisappearingbecausetheyprovidesomuchpleasure.,1thinkthatIshallneverseeapoemaslovelyasatree.,wroteapoet.Thatisthetruth.Atall,statelytreeisbeautifultolookat.andpleasingtothesoul.Itisalsoagreatplacetofindshadeonahotsummer'sday.Forpracticalandemotionalreasons,weneedtopreserveourplanet'strees.124.ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Azoohasnousefulpurpose.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.Zoosareoftencontroversialbecausemanypeoplebelievetheyarenecessaryorevenharmful.Ifproperlymanaged,Ifeelthatzooshavealotofvalue.Infact,Ibelievezoosareusefulintwomainways:educatingthegeneralpublicandadvancingscientificresearch.Zooscanbewonderfullyeducationalplaces.Theyprovideasafe,controlledenvironmenttolearnaboutaspecificspecies.Childrencanfeelsafeexploringtheworldofthechimpanzeethere,andadultscanlearnaboutandseetypesofbirdsthey'veneverseenbefore.Unlikeinthewild.there'snoworryofbeingphysicallyharmedbyananimal.Zoosarealsoimportantfortheresearchopportunitiestheyprovide.Researchissaferandeasiertoconductthaninthewild.ScientistscanfeelsecureintheconfinedareaoftheZoo.Forexample,whileconductingamedicalexperimentinanopenfield.scientistshavetoworryaboutboththeanimaltheyhavetoworkedwith,andalsootheranimalsnearby.Inzoos,however,theyneedonlyworryabouttheresearchsubject.Inthewilderness,animalsarealsomuchhardertotrackandmonitor.Zoosmakeresearchlesstime-consumingandexpensive.Longtermfollows-upsareeasiertoo.sinceevenwithmonitors,wildanimalsoftenarekilledanddisappear.Inzoos,researcherscanobserveananimal'sentirelifespan.Overall,Ifeelthatproperlymanagedzoosprovideexcellentopportunitiesfbreducationandresearch,andarethereforeveryuseful.125.ADInsomecountriespeoplearenolongerallowedtosmokeinmanypublicplacesandofficebuildings.Doyouthinkthisisagoodruleorabadrule?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourposition.Notallowingsmokinginpublicplacesandofficebuildingisaverygoodrule.Ibelievethisforseveralreasons.Notonlywillbanningsmokingimprovepeople'shealth,itwillalsoincreaseworkerproductivityandreduceconflicts.weallknowsmokingisnothealthy.Unfortunately,whensmokersareabletosmokeinpublicbuildings,theycanmakeotherpeoplesick.Theymayworkwithpeoplewhoareallergictosmoking,forexamples.Inthatcase,thenon-smokershavenochoiceunlesstheywanttoquittheirjobs.Theycanonlygetsicker,whichisunfair.Ofcourse,banningsmokinginpublicbuildingsandofficeswillpleasenon-smokers.Itwillalsoimprovethesmokers'health.Theywillhavefeweropportunitiestosmoke,sotheywillsmokefewercigarettes. 33Banningsmokinginofficebuildingscanalsoincreaseworkerproductivity.Smokerswon'tinterrupltheirworkallthetimetosmoke.Therewillalsobefewerworkerabsences.Whensmokerscutdownthenumberofcigarettes,theywillgetfewersmokingrelatedillnesses.Finally,itisagoodideatobansmokinginpublicplacesandofficebuildingsbecauseabancanreduceconflicts.Nonsmokerstendtogetannoyedandjealousbecausesmokershaveanexcusetotakefrequentbreaks.Themostsignificantconflict,however,isoverwhethersmokershavearighttosmokeinpublic.Aswehavealreadyseen,non-smokersfeeltheyarenotalwaysgivenachoice.Ifsmokinginpublicisallowed.theywillbeforcedtobreatheharmfulair.Thismayviolatetheirrights,andnon-smokersareangrywithsmokersbecauseofit.Itseemsclearthatbanningsmokingnpublicplacesandofficebuildingsisagoodidea.Itwillreduceconflictandincreaseproductivity.Itwillalsobenefithealthofsmokersandnon-smokersalike.Ibelievethatjustaboutanythingthatimproveourhealthisagoodidea!124.EXPlantscanprovidefood,shelter,clothing,ormedicine.Whatisonekindofplantthatisimportanttoyouorthepeopleinyourcountry?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Thecoconuttreeisaveryimportantplantinmycountry.Coconuttreeplantationsareimportantsourcesofrevenue.foodandshelter.Ourcountryearnsalotofmoneyfromtheexportofcoconuttreeproductslikecopra,coconuts,coconutsoil.andcoconutmilk.Thishasbeenthemainsourcesofourforeignexchangeforoveracentury.Infact,manyofthecoconuthttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41(第3/18页)2(X)9-1-21上午02:59:43plantationswereplantedbyvariouscolonialpowerandnow,sinceindependence,arerunbyourowncitizens.佻notonlyexportthefoodproductsofthecoconuttree,weeatthemourselvestoo.Thecocoisthebasisofmuchofournationalcuisine,wearefamousforourcurriesmaderichbycoconutmilk.Wealsousetheoiltofryourfoodsaswellastoaddshinetoourskinandhair.Thefrondsofthecoconuttreearealsousedtocoverthewallsandroofsoftemporaryshelters.Thebreezespassthroughthefrondsandcooltheinterior,buttheheavyrains,whichfalldaily,donotenter.Hecoconuttreeisaveryversatileandusefulplant.Itisatreethathasservedourcountrywell.125.ADYouhavetheopportunitytovisitaforeigncountryfortwoweeks.Whichcountrywouldyouliketovisit?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.IfIcouldvisitanyforeigncountry,I'dliketovisitIreland.Thescenerythereissobeautiful.Irelandhasalotofrainandthatmakeseverythingverygreenandlush.Ithasn'tbecomeacompletelyindustrializedcountryyet,sotherearestillareaswherethecountrysideisunspoiledbypollution.Often,youcandriveformileswithoutseeinganothercarorcomingtoabigcity.I'dliketotakemysetofpaintsandseveralcanvasesandtrytocapturesomeofthescenesthere.Itseemseverywayyouturn,you'relookingatbeautifulscenery.Theareaneartheoceanisespeciallydramatic,withgiantdarkcliffsrisingoutofthewater.IalsothinkI'denjoytheslowerpaceofIreland.It'ssodifferentfromthebusypaceofmycountry.Ofcourse,Ireland'sbigcitiesarejustashecticasanybigcityanyuhere.ButmanyoftheIrishliveinsmallertownsoronfarmsinruralareas.Visitingtheseplacesisveryrestful.Peopledon'tfeeltheneedtosticktoaschedule.Thingsgetdone,butinamuchmorerelaxedfashion.Inmycountry,there*sthefeelingthatyou,realwayslateforsomething.InIreland,itfeelslikeyou'veneverlatebecausenoonestaysonschedule.Mostofall.itwouldbeinterestingformetomeetthecousinsinmymother'sfamily.TheyliveinDonegal.Icouldseethehousewheremygrandmothergrewupandwheremycousinsstilllive.Thishouseisconnectedtoalighthouse.Visiti隼therewouldgivemeaclearerideaofwhatmygrandmother*schildhoodwaslike.Irelandwouldbearefreshingbreakfromthelife1leadinmyowncountry.IwishIcouldgothere.126.PRInthefuture.studentsmayhavethechoiceofstudyingathomebyusingtechnologysuchascomputersortelevisionorofstudyingattraditionalschools.Whichwouldyouprefer?Usereasonsandspecificdetailstoexplainyourchoice.IfIhaveachoicebetweenstudyingathomeusingcomputersandtelevisionorstudyinginatraditionalschoolsetting,I'dchoosethetraditionalsetting.MaybeifsjustwhatI'musedto,butIdon'tthinkthattechnologycanreplaceteachersandclassrooms.Afterall,technologycanfail.Computersgodownandcomputerprogramscrash.Televisionsbreak,andtheelectricitycansuddenlygooff.Inthosesituations,who'sgoingtoteachme?IfI'matschool,andthetelevisionorthecomputersstopfunctioning,there'sateachertostepinandchangethelessonplan.Teacherscandrawontheirleachingexperienceandbecreative.Computersandtelevisionscan't.I'dalsomissthechancetointeractwithotherstudentsifIweren'tgoingtoschool.Ithinkleamingtoplayandworkwithotherpeopleisoneofthemostimportantlessonswelearninschool.Itpreparesusforlife,andforworkingwithotherpeople.Beingwithotherpeoplealsohelpsusdiscoverwhoweare.AnotherconcernIhaveaboutstudyingathomeisgettingdistracted.It'sstrange,butIthinkbeinghomealoneismorehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41(第4/18页)2009-1-21上午02:59:43distractingthanbeingatschoolwithalotofpeople.Atschool,we'reallfocusedonthesamesubjects.Athome,itwouldbesoeasytotumoffthecomputerorthetelevisionandgodosomethingelse.1mighttellmyselfthatit'sokaytoplayacomputergamenowandmakeupthestudyhourslater.Chancesare,I'dnevermakeupthe 34studyhours.I'mallinfavorofusingtechnologyintheclassroom.Ithinkcomputersandtelevisionaregreatwaysforstudentstohaveaccesstoalotofinformation.Ijustdon'tthinktheyshouldbetheonlytoolsIhaveasastudent.Ialsoneedteachersandotherstudentstohelpmegetacompleteeducation.124.ADWhenfamouspeoplesuchasactors,athletes,androckstarsgivetheiropinions,manypeoplelisten.Doyouthinkweshouldpayattentiontotheseopinions?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Everyoneisentitledtohaveanopinion.Whenitcomestoopinions,thoughthere'sadifferencebetweenthemajorityofpeopleandcelebritieslikeactors,athletesandrocksstars.Ifyou'veanaverageperson,onlyyourfamilyandfriendscareaboutyouropinion.Ifyourfamous.thewholeworldlistens,orsoitseemssometimes.Isthisthewayitshouldbe?Idon'tthinkso.Weshouldn'tpayattentiontofamouspeople'sopinionsjustbecauseofwhotheyare.Beingafamousbasketballplayerdoesn'tmakesomeoneanexpertonenvironmentalissues.However,thatbasketballplayerhasabetteropportunitytobeheardthanmostpeopledo.Ifthatplayerfeelsverystronglyaboutanissue.hecanusehisfametodrawattentiontoitandgetotherpeopleinvolved.Thatwaytheycandrawattentionandneededdollarstothatissue.Peoplewhoarerichputtheirmoneybehindacause..Inthesameway,famouspeopleareusingtheirmostvaluableasset.Intheircase,it'snotmoney,Il'stheirnamerecognition.Shouldpeoplepayattentiontowhattheythinkjustbecauseofwhotheyare?Idon'tthinkso.Ialsodon'tthinkweshoulddiscountwhattheythinkjustbecauseofwhothereare.Theyhavearighttotheiropinion.Iftheirnamedrawspeopletothatcause,al)thebetterforthecause.Ithinktoooftenwecategorizedpeopleandtrytokeepthemintheirplace.Celebritieshavebrainsandshouldbeallowedtousethem.Whenthey*readvocatingacause,theiropinionshouldbejustoneofmoneyfactorsweusetoevaluatethatcause..125.EXThetwentiethcenturysawgreatchange.Inyouropinion,whatisonechangethatshoulderememberedaboutthetwentiethcentury?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.Therehavebeenmanychanges,bothtechnologicalandcultural,inthetwentiethcentury.Ibelievethatonestandsoutabovetherestadvancesinmedicalscience.Thechangesinmedicalsciencegotogetherwiththechangesintechnologicalandculturalareas.Onecanmoveaheadonlywiththehelpoftheothers.Wecanseetheresultsofmedicaladvancesinthreeareas:developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics,expandedaccesstohealthcare,andimprovedsurgicaltechniques.Whenmedicalresearcherslearnedhowtopreventdiseaseandstopitfromspreading,thequalityoflifeformanypeoplearoundtheworldimproved.Todaysmallpoxisaforgottendiseaseandvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polioisundercontrolandthevaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofpenicillinhashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.Althoughhealthcareisnotuniversalevenindevelopedcountries,itismuchbetterthanitusedtobe.Localclinics,visitingnursesandspeciallyhospitalshaveallimprovedthehealthcareforourcommunities.Ifyoushouldbeunfortunateandrequiresurgery:youarestillluckytohavethesurgerytodayratherthaneventenyearsago.Nowwithmicroscopicandlasersurgery,operationsaremoreefficient.Youspendlesstimeinthehospitalandyourecoverfaster.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41(第5/18页)2(X)9-1-21上午02:59:43Ican'tthinkofanyotherchangethathasaffectedthelivesofsomanypeople.Ourhealthisimportanttoallofus.Weallarethankfulforadvancesintheareaofmedicalscience.126PRWhenpeopleneedtocomplainaboutaproductorpoorservice,someprefertocomplaininwritingandothersprefertocomplaininperson.Whichwaydoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamples(osupportyouranswer.WhenIwanttomakeacomplaintaboutadefectiveproductorpoorservice,Iwouldrathermakemycomplaintinwriting.Writingacomplaintallowsmetoorganizemypointsofargumentinalogicalmanner.IfI'mreallyunhappywiththewayI'mbeingtreated.Iwanttopresentmyreasonsclearly.Idon,twanttheretobeanyconfusionaboutwhyI'mcomplaining.Iliketolistmycomplaintsandthenlistsupportingexamples.That'sthebestwayofmakingsureeveryoneisclearaboutwhatl;msaying.Puttingmycomplaintinwritingalsoensuresitwon'tseemtooemotional.Ifyoufeelthatyou'rebeentreatedbadlyortakenadvantageof.it'seasytolashout.Losingyourtemper,though,isasurewaystoloseyourargument.Yellingisverysatisfyingatthemoment,butitonlymakesthepersonyou'reyellingatmadalyou.Itdoesn'tgelthemtoagreewithyouortoofferhelp.There'salsotheissueofihepersonyou'redealingwith.Ifyoucomplaintinperson,youhavetotalktowhoeveristhere.Chancesarethatheorsheisn'tthepersonresponsibleforthedefectiveproductorthepoorservice.Oftenthepeoplewhotakecomplaintsarenotthepeopleinchange,unlessyou'redealingwithaverysmallbusiness.Yellingatthemisn'tfair,anddoesn'tdoanythingtogetarefundorsatisfactionforyou.Youneedtoreachthepersonincharge.Thebestwaytodothatisinwriting.Writingaboutyourcomplaintandsendingtheletterregisteredmailalsogivesyouwrittenproof.It'sclearthatyoutriedtosettlethematterinareasonablemannerwithinacertaintimeperiod.Thisway,ifyouneedtotakefurtheraction,youhavephysicalevidenceofyouractions.Writingacomplainthastheadvantagesoforganization,effectiveness,andfairness.That'swhyIprefertowriteratherthanpersonallypresentmycomplaints.127EXPeoplerememberspecialgiftsorpresentsthattheyhavereceived.Why?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ithinkwerememberspecialgiftswe'vereceivedbecausethesegiftsoftenarepartofaspecialmemoryforus.Itmaybeamemoryofsomeonespecialwe'vecareddeeplyabout.Heorshemaynolongerbealive.Oritmaybeamemoryofaspecialeventinourlives.Itmayevenbeamemoryofthepersonweoncewereatsomeparticularmomentinourlives.Giftsfromotherpeoplecanmakeusfeeljoyeverytimewelookatthem.Agiftfromourparents,orourhusbandorwifemakesusfeellovedeachtimeweseeoruseit.Ifwehavechildren,thefirstgiftourchildmadeforusinkindergartenischerishedlongafterthechildhasgrownup.Afamilyheirloomgiventousbyagrandparentmakesusfeelconnectedtoourpast.Agiftfromagoodfriendisareminderofallthegoodtimeswe'veshared.Amementofromarespectedcolleagueofareminderofajobweworkedonsuccessfullytogether.Giftmayalsopinpointspecialeventsinourlives.Giftsgiventousaspartofourreligiousheritage,suchasFirstCommunionorChanukkahgifts,remindusofthosecelebrations.Thesameistrueforgiftsgivenforbirthdaysandgraduations,andfortheanniversariesofspecialdaysinourlives,likeourweddingday.Giftscanalsobeasymbolofthepersonwewereataparticularpointinourlives.Agiftreceivedinchildhoodmayremindusofapassionatehobbythat'snowboxedintheattic.Agiftreceivedwhenweleftajobmaybringtomindthefirstcareer 35http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7ids41（第6/18页）2009上午02:59:43webad.nowthatwe'reonourthirdorfourth.Thegiftsthatareimportanttousaretheonesthatremindusoffamily,friendsandhappytimes.They,reawayofsurroundingourselveswithourpast.124ADSomefamousathletesandentertainersearnmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Doyouthinkthesepeopledeservesuchhighsalaries?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Someathletesandentertainersearnmillionsofdollarsannually.Incontrast,anelementaryschoolteacher,onaverage.probablymakeslessthan$35.000ayear.Ithinkthefactthatthisdifferenceiscommonplacesisasignofoursociety'smisplacedvalues.Itshowsthatweputmoreimportanceonentertainingourchildrenthanoneducatingthem.Itseemsthatthecareersthataretheleastvaluesinoursocietyoftenarethosethatarethemostimportant.Whyisthisso?Themarketdetermineswhogetspaidwhat.Teachersarepaidbytaxdollars.Sportsteamsmakehundredsofmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Theseteamseamfabulousprofitsfromradioandtelevisionrights,aswellaseverythingsoldattheconcessionsstands.Thesameistrueofmovies.Theyareproducedbystudiosthatmakehugeprofitsannually.Theseenterprisescanaffordtopaytheirentertainersandsportsfigureshugesalaries,becausethoseathletesandfilmstarsdrawpeopletotheentertainment.Whyarewewillingtopaysomuchtoseeaballgameoramovie,butnotforagoodteacher?Maybeit,sbecausewewantdistraction;wewanttobeentertained.Maybeit'sbecausewethinkofeducationasaright,whichentertainmentseemslikealuxury.Wbexpecttopayforourluxuries.It'snotthatIbegrudgetheplayersandentertainerstheirhugesalaries.Mostofthemhaveveryshortcareers.Athletesmaybetoooldintheirearly30s.Manyofthemgambleearlyintheirlivesonmakingitbiginthesportsorentertainmentworld.anddenythemselvesagoodeducation.Theyhavelittlechanceofastablecareer,sotheyneedtoeamenoughmoneytosupportthemforalongtime.Ontheotherhand,mostofusaren'tgoingtoeam$10millioninalifetimeofwork.Soit'shardtosympathizewithpeoplewhodo.Wehavetoaskourselves:whoreallygivethemostvaluetosociety?125EXIstheabilitytoreadandwritemoreimportanttodaythaninthepast?Whyorwhynot?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Todaymorethanatanytimeinthehistoryoftheworlditisimportanttobeabletoreadandwrite.ThischangehasbeenbroughtaboutbytheInternetwhichweusetocommunicatewithoneanother,togetournews,andtosellourproduct.Millionsofpeoplecommunicatetodaythroughe-mailusingtheInternet.Inthepastpeoplewouldhaveface-to-facemeetingsorcalloneanotheronthephone;todaytheyusee-mailandchatrooms.Itisobviouslynecessarytobeabletoreadandwriteinordertoparticipateinthistechnologicalrevolution.Today,onecansubscribetonewsandinformationservicesontheNel.Whenyouturnonyourcomputerinthemorning.youaregiventheheadlines,financialnews,sportsscores,orsocialeventsthatyourequested.Thenewsfromtelevisionorradio—asmanystilldo.Yet,gettingyournewsfromtheInternetismoreefficientsincethenewsistailoredtoyourspecificinterests.E-commercealsodemandsthatpeoplebeabletowriteandread.Ofcourse,thepeoplewhodesignwebretailwhosites,mustbeabletoexpressthemselvesclearlyinwriting.Thepotentialcustomersmustbeabletoreadtheproductdescriptions.Inthepast,peoplewouldgointostores（asmanystilldo）andpointtoobjectsthattheywouldliketobuy.Thisphysicalapproachtoshoppingdoesnotrequireanyspeciallanguageskills.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.aspZids41（第フ/18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43TheInternetwillforceusalltobeliteratenotonlyinreadingandwriting,butalsowithcomputers.Today,wemustbeskilledreadersandwriterstobesuccessfulinthehightechworld.126EXPeopledomanydifferentthingstostayhealthy.Whatdoyoudoforgoodhealth?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ourhealthyistheonlythingswereallyhaveintheworld.Youcantakeawayourmoney,ourhouse,orourclothesandwecansurvive.Takeawayourhealthandwewilldie.ThatiswhyIeathealthfully,exerciseregularly,andkeepupmysociallife.Eatinghealthfullyisimportanttomaintainone'shealth.ItrytoavoidfoodshighinfatlikeFrenchfriesorcookies.Ialsotrytolimittheamount〇fanimalprotein1consume.InevereatmorethanafewouncesoffishorchickenadayandIrarelyeatmeat.Ieatalotofvegetablesandfreshfruitwhicharefulloffiberandvitamins.Itisimportanttoknowhowtocookthesefoodssothenutrientsarenotlostinthecookingprocess.Yourmusclesmustcontinuetobestrongtosupportyourbodyasitgrowsolder.Exercisehelpsthebonesbuilddensityandhelpsyoumaintainyourposture.Aregularexerciseprogramofcardiovasculartrainingandweighttrainingisanimportantpartofkeepingyouhealthy.Friendsareanimportantpartofone'shealth.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithawiderangeofsocialcontactsgetfewercoldsandhavefewercomplaintsthanthosewhodon't.Laughingisalsoanimportantpiirtofhealth.HiketolaughwithmyfriendsandIalwaysfeelbetterwhenIamwiththemthanwhenIamalone.Byeatingproperlyandexerciseregularly,Icankeepmybodyatanappropriateweightandcanmaintainmyhealth.Byspendingtimewithmyfriends,Icankeepmymindaswellasmybodyhappy.It?sallpartofmyrecipeforhealthfulliving.127EXYouhavedecidedtogiveseveralhoursofyourtimeeachmonthtoimprovethecommunitywhereyoulive.Whatisonethingyouwilldotoimproveyourcommunity?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.Volunteeringafewhourseachweektosomecommunityactivityisanimportantwayofinvestinginthefutureofoursociety.Ichosetospendmytimeworkingwithelementaryschoolchildrenhelpingthemtolearntoread.Developinggoodreadingskillswillhelpthese 36studentskeepupwiththeirclassmates,opennewworldstothem,andhelpthemsucceedinlife.Studentswhoarenotgoodreaderscannotkeepupwiththeirstudies.Theywillnotunderstandthelessons;theywillcometoschoolunprepared;theywillnotbeabletoperform.Bylearningtoread,studentswillbeonequalfootingwiththeirclassmates.Theywillbeactiveparticipantsinclass.Booksondifferentlifestyles,occupations,cultures,orgovernmentswillopennewdoorstostudents.Studentswhocan'treadwillonlyknowwhattheyseearoundthem.Studentswhocanreadwillbeabletotraveltonewworldsandexperiencenewideaswithouteverleavingtheirclassrooms.Today,apersonwhocan'treadisseverelyhandicapped.Anon-readerwillhavetoworkatthemostmenialjobs.Readers,especiallygoodreaders,havethewholeuniverseopentothem.Theywillhavethepossibilitytolearnanyjobthatintereststhem.Byvolunteeringtohelpanelementaryschoolchildlearntoread.Iamhelpinghimorhernotonlytoday,butfortherestofhisorherlife.Iamhelpingthemkeeppacewiththeirpeersandexploretheworldandthemselvesthroughbooks.124MAYourschoolhasenoughmoneytopurchaseeithercomputersforstudentsorbooksforthelibrary.Whichshouldyourschoolchoosetobuy~computersorbooks?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourrecommendation.Ourschoolhasbeengivenagranttomakenecessaryimprovementstoitsfacilities.佻canspenditonnewbooksfbrthehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7ids4l（第8/18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43libraryoronmorecomputers.Ourschoolalreadyhasbooksinitslibraryanditalreadyhascomputers.Sincewehavemorebooksthancomputers,Ithinkthatnewcomputerswillbenefitthestudentmore.Computerscanaccessup-to-dateinformationontheInternet.Rightnow.thereferencebooksinourlibraryareveryoutdated.Ourencyclopediasetiseightyearsold.Butifeverystudenthadaccesstoacomputer,weallcouldhavethelatestfactsandfiguresoneverything.Unfortunately,givingeverystudentacomputermeansweneedalotofcomputers.Rightnow,theratioofcomputerstostudentsisonetotwelve.Thismeansstudentsonlygettoworkonthecomputersthreeorfourtimesaweek.Butifeverystudenthadacomputer,wecoulduseitwheneverwewanted.''Informationondemand*'shouldbeourslogan.Studentstodayneedlotsofinformationrightaway.Lifegoesbytooquicklytowait.Ittakesforevertoidentifyabookthatyouthinkmighthavetheinformationyouneed.Thenyouhavetogotothelibraryandlookforthebook.Usuallyit'snoteventhere.Withacomputer,informationsearchesareinstantaneous.Ifweallhadcomputers,wecouldaccessmoreinformationandaccessitfasterbycomputer.Wecouldhavealltheinformationweneededforourschoolwork.Wbcouldallimproveourgrades.Forthesereasons,Ifeelthatpurchasingmorecomputerswillbenefitusmorethanbuyingmorebooks.125MAManystudentschoosetoattendschoolsoruniversitiesoutsidetheirhomecountries.Whydosomestudentabroad?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouranswer.Althoughstudentscangetagoodeducationinmostsubjectsattheirhomeuniversities,itisimportanttostudyabroadforsomeorpartofone'scollegeeducation.Studyabroadcangiveastudentcompetencyinanewlanguage,familiaritywithadifferentculture,andachancetogrowindifferentways.Onecannotdenythatitisimportanttobebilingualorevenmultilingualintoday'sfast-pacedworld.WfehaveaglobaleconomyandcommunicationbyInternetandsatelliteTVmeanswemustbefamiliarwithotherlanguagesinordertokeepupwithnewdevelopments.Knowinganothercultureisalsoimportanttoday.Respectforotherpeopleandtheirtraditionswillfostercooperationandpeace.Weshouldalldoourparttomakesuretheworldissafeforourchildren.Itwillonlybesafeifweunderstandandrespectotherpeopleandtheirculture.Whenweareoutofourenvironment,wefeelfreertoexperimentwithdifferentwaysofdoingthings.Wfeareallindividualsandweneedtimetobeonourown,awayfromourcomfortablenests.Wemaytrydifferentthingsandrejectthem.佻mightalsoadoptthem.Peoplecanchangeanditiseasiertochangewhenyouareawayfromyourfamilysurroundings.Studyabroadcanbeenriching.Notonlycanwelearnanewlanguage,understandmoreaboutadifferentculture,butwecanlearnmoreaboutourselvestoo.Atthesametime,ofcourse,wearegettinganeducationintheformalsense.126EXPeoplelistentomusicfordifferentreasonsandatdifferenttimes.Whyismusicimportanttomanypeople?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Musicseemstobeanaturalneedforpeople.I'vereadthatfromancienttimeshumanbeingshaveproducedsoundsfrom“instrument“likerocksorskinsstretchedoverawoodenframe.Musicissomethingmostpeoplewantandneed.Ithinkit'simportantbecauseitcanbeamajorpartofbothcommunityandindividualexperience.Musicisawayofsharingacommonbondorfeeling.Whenwe'rechildren,welearnverysimplesongscallednurseryrhymes.Thesesongshelpmakeuspartofourculturebytellinguswhat'sacceptableandwhat'snot.Weplayandsingmusicinourreligiousceremoniesbecauseitenhancestheworshipexperience.佻playmusicwhenwe'regoingtowarhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第9/18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43orcelebratingthefactthatwe'rewonawar.Wehavenationalanthemstoshareourloveandprideforourparticularcountry.Wehavemusicweplayforourschool,andmusicweplayforourathleticteam.Infact,musichasbecomeabigpartofathleticgames,佻useittotaunttheotherteamaswellascelebratewhenpointsarescoredforourteam.Musicisalsoam疝orpartofindividualexperiences.Whenwefallinlove,musicisusuallyapartofthatexperience.Peopletalkabouthaving"oursong."Thatmeansthesongthatwasplayingwhentheymetorasongtheybothlikedwhentheyfellinlove.Whenwegetmarried,weplaymusicbeforeandafterandsometimesduringtheceremony.Itexpresseshowwefeel.Weplaymusictocalmournervesortostimulateourselvestogetonwithatask.Wealsoplaymusicforthesimpleenjoymentoflisteningtothesounds.Musicisspecialtousbecauseitexpressesourconnectionwithourculture,andbecauseitenhanceourindividualexperiences.Nothingelseseemstocaptureourfeelingsquitesowell.127EXGroupsororganizationsareanimportantpartofsomepeople'slives.Whyaregroupsororganizationsimportanttopeople?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.Groupsororganizationsareanimportantpartofourlifebecausewearesocialpeople.Weliketogettogetherwithpeoplewhoseattitudes 37andbeliefsarelikeours.Themostimportantgroupsforusareourfamilies,ourreligiousorganizations,andourpoliticalorganizations.Ourfamiliesareobviouslyourmostimportantgroup.Youwillneverfindthephysicalandemotionalsupportfromanyothergroupthatyouwillfindinyourfamily.Yourfamilyispartofyou;youaretiedtothembyblood.Theywillalwaysbethereforyou.Similarlyourreligiousorganizationscanprovidecomfortforusintimesofstress.Whenwearewithpeoplewhohavethesamebeliefs,wefeelbetter.Ourbeliefsarebasedontradition.Thesebeliefshavebeentestedovertime.Thesebeliefstellushowtorespondandhowtoact.Ourpoliticalorganizationschangeaswechange.Someyearswemayfeelconservative;otheryearswemayfeelmoreliberal.Whateverourpoliticalphiloso而y,wecanfindapoliticalorganizationthatmatchesourthinkingatthemoment.Thosepoliticalorganizationshelpusbeapartofthelargercommunity.Whetherthegroupistightlyknitlikeafamily,spirituallikereligion,orsecularlikepolitics,theyallserveafunctioninourlife.Theyallhelpusfeelasifwebelong.124MAImaginethatyouarepreparingforatrip.Youplantobeawayfromyourhomeforayear.Inadditiontoclothingandpersonalcareitems,youcantakeoneadditionalthing.Whatwouldyoutakeandwhy?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.IfIweretoleavemyhomeforayear,thereisonethingIdefinitelywouldtakewithme:mycellphone.Withmycellphone,IcouldcallmyfriendsorfamilyifIeverwaslonely,neededadvice,orjustwantedtotalk.IfIwereawayfromhomeforayear,Iwouldbeverylonely,especiallyinthebeginningbeforeImadefriends.IfIcouldcallmymotherandfather.IwouldheartheirfamiliarvoicesandIwouldnotfeelsolonely.Hearingmyfriends'voiceswouldalsohelpmeovercomemysadness.I'veneverbeenonmyownsotherearemanythingsIamnotfamiliarwith.I'veneveropenedabankaccount,gotadriver'slicense,ormademyownfood.IfIhadtocookchickenorsomething.Icouldcallupmymotherandshecouldhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第!0/18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43tellmehowtomakedinner.Sometimes,1mayjustwanttotalkinmyownlanguage.Withmycellphone,Icouldcallmyfriendsandtellthemaboutmynewlife.Thiswouldmakethemjealousofme.IwouldcallthemalotsotheycouldhearallthewonderfulthingsIamdoing.Formeacellphoneisanecessity.IwouldneeditanytimeIwaslonely,anytimeIneededtodosomethingIdidn'tknowhowtodo,andanytimeIjustwantedtotalk.Ofcourse,thephonebillwillbesenttomyparents.125MAWhenstudentsmovetoanewschool,theysometimesfaceproblems.Howcanschoolshelpthesestudentswiththeirproblems?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.Studentsmovingintoanewcommunityandattendinganewschoolcanfacealotofproblems.Theirbiggestworryisusuallyfittingin.Theschoolcounselor,theschool'sadministrationandthestudents'teacherscanallhelpthestudentscomethroughthisexperiencesuccessfully.Theycanengageotherstudentstobecomeinvolvedwiththenewstudents,too.Newstudentsinaschoolneedtofeellikepartoftheschoolcommunityasquicklyaspossible.Aschooladministratorshouldbeginbygivingstudentsacompleteorientationtotheirnewschool.Theyshouldtakethemonatouroftheschoolandshowthemtheclassrooms,gym,computerlab,bandroom,andcafeteria.Theyshouldtellthemaboutthehistoryoftheschool,itsacademicachievements,anditsathleticanddebatingteams.Theadministratorcantalktothestudentsaboutwhat'sexpectedofthemintheclassroomandwhatrulestheschoolhas.Theschoolcounselorshouldtalktothestudentswhatthey'remostinterestedinstudying.Iftheseareolderstudents,thecounselorcanaskthemaboutcareerinterests.Iftheseareyoungerstudents,thecounselorcanaskthemabouttheirfavoritesubjectsattheiroldschool.Thecounselorcantellthestudentsaboutalltheextracurricularactivitiesthereareattheschool.Forexample,theschoolmightofferthingslikesports,art.music,andworkingonaschoolnewspaper.Theteachershavethemostimportantjobwhenitcomestonewstudents.It'suptothemtohelpthestudentsmeetotherstudentsinclass.Theycanalsohelpthemlearnhowclassesareconductedintheirnewschool.Theycanencourageotherstudentstomakefriendswithnewpeopleandhelpthemlearnthesystem.Sincethey'rewiththestudentsthemost,theycankeepaneyeonthemandmakesurethey'readaptingwell.Boththeadultsandtheotherstudentsneedtohelpnewstudentsfeelapartoftheirnewschool.It'snoteasy,butitpaysoffwithhappier,moresuccessfulstudentsintheend.126ADItissometimessaidthatborrowingmoneyfromafriendcanharmordamagethefriendship.Doyouagree?Whyorwhynot?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestoyouranswer.Idon'tthinkit'saverygoodideatoborrowmoneyfromafriend.Itcancauseresentmentandawkwardnessintherelationship.Howdoyouapproachyourfriendwithoutmakinghimfeelhehastodothisforyou?It'sunlikelyhe'llfeelasifhecantumyoudown.Canbeturnyoudownwithoutinsultingyou?Probablynot.Howdoyouknowwhetheryourfriendcanaffordtolendyouthemoney?Hemaybeembarrassedtoadmithe'salittleshortoffundshimself.Orhemightnotwanttodisappointyou.Sohelendsyouthemoneyandthenheneedsmoney,loo.There'salsothequestionofwhenyou'llpaybacktheloan,h'sawkwardforyourfriendtoaskforadeadlineforrepayment.Besides,ifyou'reshortoffunds,youmaynotbeabletopredictwhenyou'llpayhimback.Whataboutinterestontheloan?Ifit'sasmallamountofmoney,thisdoesn'tmatter.However,iflargefundsareinvolved,andyouwon'tbepayingitbackforawhile,shouldyouoffertopayimerest?Shouldyourfriend 38askyoutopayinterest?Alltheseissuescanresultinhurtfeelingsandcanharmthefriendship.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41(第!1/18页)2009-1-21上午02:59:43It'spossible,ofcourse,thatifyouborrowmoneyfromafriendandpayitbackinatimelyfashion,thiswillcreateaspecialbondbetweenthetwoofyou.You'llknowthatyoucancountonyourfriendwhenyouneedhelp.He'llknowyou'retrustworthy.However,moreoftenthannot,moneyissuesbetweenfriendsareanembarrassment.Ifyouneedmoney,it'sbettertogotoabankfbraIoan.144EXEverygenerationofpeopleisdifferentinimportantways.Howisyourgenerationdifferentfromyourparents*generation?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.Theprincipaldifferencesbetweenmygenerationandmyparents'generationareinhowtheyrelatetoothers.Mygenerationismoretolerantofotherpeople'schoices,lessconcernedaboutwhatothersthink,andmoreself-centered.Myparents'generationhasstricterstandardsaboutwhatkindsofbehaviorareacceptable.Theysometimeshaveahardtimeacceptingthefactthatotherpeoplemayhavedifferentideasaboutwhat'srightandwhat'swrong.Mygenerationthinkspeopleshouldhavealotofchoices.Forexample,theychoosewhomtheywanttolivewith,whetherornottohavechildren,whetherornottopracticeaparticularreligion,andwhattodoforaliving.Myparents,generationismuchmoreconcernedaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofthem.Manygrewupintightlyknitcommunitieswherepeoplekneweachother,sfamilies.Fillinginmeantthatyouhadtoactacertainway.Manyofmygenerationgrewupinlooselyknitcommunities,whereweonlyknewaboutourclosestneighbors.Wedidn'tcarewhattherestofthecommunitythoughtofus.Also,wewereaveryrebelliousgenerationandoftendidthingjusttoshockpeople.Whereverwegrewup,mostofmygenerationdidn'thavetoworryabouthavingenoughtoeatoraroofoverourheads.Myparents'generationdid.TheygrewupduringtheGreatDepression,whenmanypeoplewerepoor.Forthisreason,myparentsdidn'thavetimetoanalyzetheirfeelingsorthinkabouttheirinnerselves.Theyweretoobusytryingtogetby.Childrenofmygenerationwerewelltakencareofbytheirparents.Becauseofthat,wehadtimetothinkaboutourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.Asadults,manyofushavecontinuedtobeself-absorbed.Wejoinhealthclubstobeprefectinbodyandgointotherapytobeperfectinmind.WhenIthinkaboutouractions,itseemsthatmyparents'generationismore"outer"directedandmygenerationismore"innerdirected.**145.Somestudentslikeclasseswhereteacherslecture(doallofthetalking)inclass.Otherstudentspreferclasseswherethestudentsdosomeofthetalking.Whichtypeofclassdoyouprefer?Givespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Inmycountry,thelecturesystemisthemostcommonsystem.ItistheoneIpreferforthreereasons:Iamusedtthelecturesystem;itisanefficientsystem:Iamtooshytotalkinclass.Allmylife.Ihavelistenedtoteachers.Theycomeintotheroom,opentheirbooks,andstarttolecture.Westudentssitquietlyatourdesksandtakenotes.Weneveraskquestionsbecausewedon'twanttoseemstupid.Attheendofthecourse,wearegivenatest.Ifwecanrepeatonthetestwhattheteachersaidinclass,wewillgetagoodgrade.Thelecturesystemisanefficientone.Teteacheristheonewhoknowsthesubject,notthestudents.Itisawasteoftimelisteningtoastudent'sideas.Whatgoodwillthatdoesme?Timeisshort.Iwanttheteachertogivemeasmuchinformationasheorshecanduringtheclassperiod.Evenifwecouldtalkinclass,Iwouldneveropenmymouth.Iammuchtooshy.Iwouldbeafraidtheotherstudentswouldlaughatmeandmakefunofmyideas.Iprefertolistentotheteacherandmemorizetheteacher'sideas.IhopeIcanalwaysstudyinaschoolwheretheyusethelecturesystem.Ithinkitisbeltertocontinuewithwhatoneisusedto.IalsothinkthatthereisalotofinformationthatImustlearninthemostefficientmannerpossible.1wouldn'twanttohttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7ids41（第12/18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43interruptateacherwithmyfoolishquestions.146.Holidayshonorpeopleorevents.Ifyoucouldcreateanewholiday,whatpersonoreventwouldithonorandhowwouldyouwantpeopletocelebrateit?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.October24isUnionNationsDay.Thisdayisnotedinthecalendars,butnotobservedasaholidayaroundtheworld.IwanttheentireworldtocelebratethebirthoftheUnitedNationsbecauseofitsattemptstopromotepeace,education,andhealtharoundtheworld.Peaceisthemostimportantthingthatwecanhavetoday.Thesoonerthatwecanstopwarthesoonerwecanallhavebetterlives.Therearecountriesaroundtheworldthathavebeenatwarforgenerations.Insomeofthesecountries,UNPeacekeepershavetemporarilystoppedtheviolencesopeoplecangoabouttheirlives.Ifthispeacecouldbemadelasting,thelivesofthesecitizenswouldbemuchricher.TheUNactivelyworkstopromoteeducation.Universalliteracyisoneofitsimportantgoals.Everychildintheworlddeservestoknowhowtoreadandwrite.TheUNisalsoinvolvedinjobtrainingfbradults.Theageofinformationtechnologydemandsnewjobskills.TheUNworkswithcontinuingeducationprogramsaroundtheworldsoworkersarenotleftoutofthejobmarket.TheUNhasplayedaninstrumentalroleintheeradicationofsmallpox.PoliovaccinesandAIDS-awarenessprogramshavealsohelpedreducetheincidenceofthesediseases.Thereisalottobedoneintheseareas.MuchoftheworkoftheUNisunknownandunderappreciated.Ifwewanttoliveinapeacefulworld,whereeverychildcanattendschoolandwhereeverycitizenhasaccesstohealthcare,weneedtosupporttheworkoftheUN.Weneedtorecognizeitsimportanceandcelebrateitsbirthday.147.Afriendofyourshasreceivedsomemoneyandplanstouseallofiteither#togoonavacation#tobuyacar.Yourfriendhasaskedyouforadvice.Compareyourfriend'stwochoicesandexplainwhichoneyouthinkyourfriendshouldchoose.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Tryingtodecidehowtouseyourmoneyisalwaystough.Shouldyouuseyourmoneytobuyacarorgoonavacation?Bothaffordlastingpleasure,butofaverydifferentkind.Fromavacationyougetthepleasureofdoingwonderfulthingsandoftotallyrelaxingandenjoyingyourself.Thememoriesyoubringhomewithyoucangiveyouthatsamepleasureagaineverytimeyouthinkofthem.Acaralsogivesyoupleasure,everytimeyoudriveit.There'sthepleasureofnothavingtodependonpublictransportation.Youcangoplacesoffthebeatentrack,wherepublictransportationdoesn'tgo.Thereisalsothepleasureofbeingindependent.Ybuareabletogoanywhereyourcarcantakeyou,withoutdependingonothers.Avacationgivesyoutheopportunitytolearnnewthingsandmeetnewandinterestingpeople.However,it,sonlyforashortperiodoftime.Acargivesyouthesameopportunitiesonasmallerlevel,butonamoreregularbasis.Withacar,youcangosomeplaceneweveryweekend.Youcanalsojoinacarpool.Thatwayyoucansharetravelexpenseswiththenewpeopleyoumeet. 39Somepeoplemightsaythatspendingyourmoneyonavacationinsteadofonacarisbeingimpractical.Butnothingisassatisfyingasareallygoodvacation.It'smentallyandphysicallyhealthy.Itgivesyouachancetogetawayfromallthatishttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7idss41（第!3/18页）2009-）-21上午02:59:43familiartoyouandseetheworldfromanewperspective.Itletsyoudonothingbutplay,thewayyoudidwhenyouwereachild.Beingabletoplay,evenforashortperiodoftime,isabsolutelynecessaryforeveryone'smentalhealth.Iwouldchoosethevacation,becausewealldeservetoindulgeourselvessometime.145.rhe21stcenturyhasbegun.Whatchangesdoyouthinkthisnewcenturywillbring?Useexamplesanddetailsinyouranswer.Nowthatweareinanewmillennium,wecanassumetherewillbechangesintheworld.Ipredictthatthechangeswillbeintheareasofinformationdissemination,globalalliances,andfamilystructure.Inthepastdecades,thecomputerwasresponsibleforchangingthewayinformationwasorganized.Now,thecomputerplustheInternetischangingthewayinformationisspread.Informationwillnowbeuniversallyavailabletoanyonewithacomputer.Ybuwillnothavetogotolibrariestodoresearch;youwillnothavetotraveltovisitscholars;youwillnothavetogotoabookstoretobuyabook.Youcandoallofthisfromyourhomeonthecomputer.Inthepastdecades,thenationsoftheworldalignedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,theformerSovietUnion,orwithoneanotherinaloosealliance.Inthefuturetheseallianceswillbemorefluid.Somecountrieswillalignpoliticallywithonecountry,buteconomicallywithanother.Somecountrieswillsharetechnologyandotherinformation,butwillnottradetogether.Somecountries,whichhavelongbeenenemies,willalignmilitarilyfbrregionalsecurity.Thefamilystructurewillnotbebasedonamother/fa（her/childpattern.Singleparentfamilieswillbemorecommonandoftenthechildwillnotbeabiologicalchildofthesingleparent,butwillbeadopted.Otherfamilystructureslikedomesticpartnershipswillbecomemoreaccepted.Whateverthechangesmaybe,whetherinthewaywereceiveinformation,thewaynationsalignwithoneanother,orthewayfamilyunitsaredefined,youcanbesurethattherewillbemorechange.Changeisaconstant.146.Whataresomeofthequalitiesofagoodparent.Usespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.Iamfortunatetohavegoodparentssoitiseasyformetoidentifythequalitiesthatmakethemgood.Thesequalitiesareunconditionallove,trust,andrespectformeandmybrothersandsisters.Allmothersandfatherslovetheirchildren.Theynurturethemandkeepthemfromharm.Butnotallloveisunconditional.Someparentswouldnotlovetheirchildreniftheymarriedsomeoneofadifferentreligionorfromadifferentethnicgroup.Someparentswouldnotlovetheirchildreniftheywereofadifferentsexualorientation.Myparentswon't.Myparentswouldloveusregardlessofwhomwemarriedorwhomwechosetolove.Partofunconditionalloveistrust.Myparentstrustustodowhatisright.Theyknowwewouldneverdoanythingtohurtthemortodisgracethem.Theytrustussowetrustthem.Wfeareconfidentthattheywouldneverdoanythingtohurtus.Becauseourparentsloveus,theyalsorespectus.Theytreatusasindividuals.Theyacceptourdifferences.Theydonotexpectustobelikethem.Theywantustobeourownpersons.Theywantustomakeourownwayintheworld,notfollowintheirfootsteps.Withouttheirlove,IwouldnotbeasconfidentasIam.Withouttheirtrust,IwouldnotbefreetodowhatIwant.Withouttheirrespect.Iwouldnotfeelcomfortablebeingonmyown.Allchildrenshouldhavesuchwonderfulparents.147.Moviesarepopularallovertheworld.Explainwhymoviesaresopopular.Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.Moviesarepopularbecausepeoplearegreatwatchers.Theyliketowatchotherpeoples'lives.Theyliketolivehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第!4/18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43vicariously.Bygoingtomovies,wecanescapeourownlives,shareotheremotions,andimagineourselvesassomeoneelse.Manyofourlivesarenotasadventurousorglamorousasthelivesinmovies.佻donotbattleevilalldaylongandthengobacktoourluxuriouspenthouseapartment.Nejustgotoschool,doourhomework,et,talktoourfriends,andsleep.Neneedalittleexcitementinourlivesandwefindexcitementatthemovies.Humansareveryemotionalpeople.Weallliketocryandlaugh.Fortunately,thereisnotmuchtocryaboutinmylifesoIliketogotosadmovieswheremyheartstringscanbetugged.IalsoliketogotocomediessoIcanlaugh.ItendtocryandlaughmoreinadarkmovietheaterthanIdoinbroaddaylight.NowIamastudent,butIknowsomedayIwillbeascientistorapoliticianorafamousmodel.WhenIgotothemovies,Icanseemyrolemodels.Iseehowtheyact,whattheywear,howtheytalk.IcanpreparemyselfforthedaywhenIwillbelikethem.Eventhoughmylifeisquiet.Icangotothemoviesandwatchsomeoneelse'slife.Icansharetheiremotionsandtheireverydaylife.Iwonderiftheywouldliketosharemine.148.PR:Inyourcountry,istheremoreneedforlandtobeleftinitsnaturalconditionoristheremoreneedforlandtobedevelopedforhousingandindustry?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Eventhoughourpopulationisincreasingandlandisneededforhousinganddevelopment.1wouldhopethatourcountrycouldsavethelandinitsnaturalstateforfuturegenerationstoenjoy.Thislandwouldbegoodfbrpromotingtourism,fbrpreservingtheenvironment,andfor 40rememberingourhistory.Althoughtourismhasmanynegativesideeffects,itisanindustrythatcancreateenormousrevenues.Tourismofcourseneedssomethingtosee.Theywouldnotcometoourcountrytoseerowsofapartmentbuildingsornewindustrialparks.Whatisinterestingfortouristsisthepristinecountrysidethatourcountryisknownfor.Preservingthelandasitis,wouldbegoodfortheenvironment.Morefactoriesandotherindustrieswouldfurtherpolluteourriversandair.Weneedfreesandwideopenspacestomakeusfeellikehumans,notmachines.Untouchedlandremindsusofourhistory.Whenwewalkthroughthecountryside,wecanimagineourancestorsonthesamepath.Ifwecovertheearthwithasphaltandconcrete,wewillloosetouchwithourpast.Wswillforgetourroots.Preservingthelandisgoodnotonlyfortheeconomyandenvironment,itisgoodfbrusascitizensofoursoil.Wemustpreservewhatlittlewehaveleft.Canweaffordnotto?145ADManypeoplehaveacloserelationshipwiththeirpets.Thesepeopletreattheirbirds,cats,orotheranimalsasmembersoftheirfamily.Inyouropinion,aresuchrelationshipsgood?Whyorwhynot?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ithinkbeingveryclosetoapetcanbebothapositiveandanegativething.Healthprofessionalshaveconcludedthathavingapetisveryhealthyforeveryone.Peoplewhohaveheartdiseaseorsimilarhealthproblemsareoftenurgedtogetapetbecauseitcanloweryourbloodpressure.However,somepeoplegetanxiousabouttheirpets.Ifyoualwaysworryaboutthepetgettinglostornotgettingtherightfoodtoeat,thenthatisn'thealthyforyou.Manypetsareverylovingandit'seasytolovethemback.Somepeople,though,gooverboard.Theytreattheirpetslikeoneofthefamily.Sometimestheyevensetaplaceforthematthetableorgivethemtheirownroomsinthehouse.Theytreatthemasiftheywerechildren.Somepetsare,infact,substitutesforchildren.Peopleneedtokeeptheirperspectiveabouttheirpets.Dressingapetupinclotheslikeachildisnotemotionallyhealthy.Petsareanimalsandgetconfusedifyouexpectthemtoactlikehumanbeings.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第!5/18页）2009-1-2I上午02:59:43Therearenowstoresdevotedentirelytopets.Theysellpetfood,pettoys,petclothes,pethomes.Petsshouldbegivenappropriatefood,andtheyshouldhaveafewtoys,sincetheyneedsomeenjoymentjustlikehumansdo.However,somepetownersspendhundredsofdollarsonsuppliesfortheirpets.Therearechildrenintheworldwhodon'thaveclothesorfoodortoys.Itwouldbebettertogivesomeofthatmoneytocharity.Feelingclosetoyourpetcanbeverysatisfyingandhealthy,aslongasyoudon'toverdoit.146.EXFilmscantellusalotaboutthecountrywheretheyweremade.Whathaveyoulearnedaboutacountryfromwatchingitsmovies?Usespecificexamplesanddetailstosupportyourresponse.Doyoueverwatchmoviesfromothercountries?WheneverIdo.Ithinkabouthowsimilarpeoplereallyareallaroundtheworld.Eventhoughtheculturesandlanguagesinthosemoviesaredifferentfrommine,peopleallaroundtheworldarealikeintheirgoalsandemotions.Onetime,Isawamoviemadeinchinathatshowedparentshelpingtheirchildrenwiththeirhomework..Myparentshelpedmethesameway.AnothertimeIsawamoviefromArgentina.Itshowedschoolchildrenplayinghideandseek,whichisagameIusedtoplaywithmyfriendsduringrecess.Seeingthesefilmsdemonstratedtomethateducationisacommongoalineverycountry.Parentswanttheirchildrentolearnsotheirliveswillimprove.Italsoshowedmethatchildreninschoolseverywherewantstoplaywiththeirfriends.Sometimesthegamesaresimilartooursandsometimesthey'redifferent.Still,theyallhavethecommonpurposeoffunandlearningtoworktogether.Earningalivingisanothercommongoal.I*veoftenseenthatinmoviesaboutothercountries.Insomecountries,peoplechoosetheircareersfromwhattheylikeandaregoodat.Inothercountries,careersarechosenforthemfollowingthetraditionsoftheirfamilies.Butineverycountryitseemsthatpeoplecareagreatdealaboutearningaliving,andworkinghardisrespected.Showingpeoplehavingfuntogetherisalwaysanimportantpartofanymovies,nomatterwhatcountryitcomesfrom.Peopleeverywherewanttobeentertained,andwanttospendtimewiththeirfamiliesandfriends.Differentculturessometimesenjoydifferentactivities,butallculturesenjoysomeformofsports,musicanddancing.ThemoviesI'veseenmakeitcleartomethatnomattertheculturaldifferencesbetweencountries,peopleeverywherehavethesamebasicneedsandgoals.147.PRSomestudentsprefertostudyalone.Othersprefertostudywithagroupofstudents.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Studyhabitsareaveryindividualthing.Somepeopleliketostudyalone,whileothersliketostudywithagroup.Personally,Iwouldratherstudyalone,butIcanseeadvantagestobothways.Itcanbeveryhelpfultostudywithotherstudents.Foronething,youcanexchangeinformationaboutthetopic.Noteveryoneisgoingtoheareverythingtheteachersaysinclass.Comparingnotesisagoodwaytobesureyougetwhatyoumissed.Youcanalsodiscussvariousaspectsofthetopic.Otherstudentscanbringadifferentperspectivetothediscussion.Theycanpointoutthingsyoumaynothavethoughtof,andhelpyoumakeyourargumentsclearer.Studyingwithotherstudentscanalsohelpkeepyoufocusedonstudying.Ifyou'reinastudygroup,youhavetobeataparticularplacetostudyataparticulartime.Thisisgooddiscipline.Thegroupreviewsallthematerialavailableandthenbeginsstudying.There'snotalotofwastedtime,ifthingsworkthewaytheyshould.Ofcourse,itdoesn'thelpifyou'reinastudygroupthatdoesn'ttakestudyingseriously.Thenyou'dbemuchbetterofstudyingbyyourself.Ifyou'retryingtostudywithfriendsandalltheywanttodoistalkaboutotherthings,you'dgethttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=4l（第!6/18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43moredonegoingsomewheretostudybyyourself.Beingwithpeoplewhodon'twanttostudycanmeanyou'llbeconstantlydistracted.There'llbealotofinterruptions,andyouwon'tgainmuchhearingtheypointsofviewonastudysubject.Finally,whetheryoustudyaloneorinagroupdependsalotonyourownstudyhabitsandonyourpersonality.Ifyouneedabsolutequiettostudy,thenyou'rebetteroffalone.Ifyou'reaverysocialperson,thenyou'rebetteroffstudyingalone,toyou'llbetootemptedtosocializeinsteadofstudying.Thisisthereason1preferstudyingalone.WhenI,mwithotherpeople,Iwanttoplay,1don'twanttowork.148.MAYouhaveenoughmoneytopurchaseeitherahouseorabusiness.Whichwouldyouchoosetobuy?Givespecificreasonstoexplainyourchoice.IfIhadenoughmoneytobuyeitherahouseorabusiness.I'dbuyahouse.Abusinessmaysucceedorfail.It'salsopossibleImightchangemymindaboutwhatIwantedtodoinbusiness.However,ahomeisalifetimegifttomyself. 41RightnowI*minsmallapartment,withbarelyenoughroomforeverything.AllmyfurnitureandthingsI'veaccumulatedsinceIleftcollegebarelyfit.Ihavealmostnoclosetspaceleft.Thismeansmyclothesarealwayswrinkledbecausethey'recrushedtogether.1don'thaveanyplacetoputmycleaningsupplies,norroomformorethanonesetofsheetsandtowels.Anewhousewouldmeanalotmoreroomforallthesethings.Ilovehavingplantsaround.It'sveryhealthyfbrtheairinsideandit'scheerfultohavelivingthingsgrowinginaroom.I'dliketohaveagardeninstead.ThatwayIcouldgrowalotofdifferentkindsofplantsandflowers,andIcouldhaveavegetablegardeninthesummer.Besideshavingagarden.I'dliketohaveabackyardwithlotsoftreesandasmallfountaininthecorner.Ilovewatchingbirdsandlisteningtothemsing.Onthewindowsillofmyapartment,Iputoutbirdseedeverymorning.Inthehotweather,Iputoutashallowtinplatewithwaterinitforbirds.Thetreesandthefountaininmybackyardwouldgibemepleasure,butthey'dreallybefbrthebirds.Thetreeswouldgivethemaplacetonest,andthefountainwouldbeasourceoffreshwaterwhenit'shot.Canyoupicturemydreamhouse?Abusinesswouldonlygivememoney.Ahousewouldgivemesomeplacespecialtobemyself.推荐3000左右应该掌握的和考试中容易考察的词汇请输入关键字作者:本站来源:本站原创发布时间:2009-1-1818:07:37减小字体增大字体职称英语的词汇大纲中提供了约6000个词汇,在这里我们根据自己的经验向大家推荐3000左右应该掌握的和考试中容易考察的词汇,希望对大家最后的复习有所帮助。我们建议学员在这最后的时间里采用这样的词汇学习方法ーー・知识点（考点）拓展复习法：举例如下:AA（anhonestman,auniversity,apieceofpaper/message/fumiture）.abandon=giveup,ABC,abideby,abilitytodosth,beabletodosth,abnormal-normal,goaboard,studyabroad,abolish=cancel/doawaywith,talkabout,sitabout,aboveall,toputmoneyaboveeverything,abrupt=sudden/tough,absence=lack,beabsentfrom,absent-minded,absolute=complete,beabsorbedin,abstract/concrete,absurd=foolish,beabundantin=berichin,academic,accelerate=speedup,accept,acceptable,gain/haveaccessto,accessible=easilyobtained/approached,byaccident=bymistake,accomplish=finish/complete,inaccordancewith,accordingto,accountfor,onaccountof=becauseoVdueto,onnoaccount=innoway,takeintoaccount/consideration,accurate,accuseof..=charge•••with,beaccustomedto,ache=pain/toothache,headache,get/catchaheadache/cold,achieve/meetone*sgoals,achievement(s),acknowledge=admit,beacquaintedwith=befamiliarwith,acquire(knowledge,habit),goacross,comeacross=meetunexpectedly,actupon,physicalactivities,actor/actress,actually=infact=inreality,acute/chronic,ad=advertisement,adapt/adopt.adapt.,to.,addupto,beaddictedto,inadditionto,additional=added,addresstheenvelop/addresstheaudience,adequate=enough/ample.adhereto,administer=control/manage,gainadmissionto,adopt(attitude),adult,adulthood,inadvance,advance=promote,takeadvantageof,adventure=risk,adverse=harmful,apieceofadvice,advisable=wise,advise**.todosth,advocate=support,currentaffairs,affect/effect,affirm=assert,affordsth.beafraidof=fear,lookafter**.,intheafternoon,afterwards,againandagain,nowandagain=fromtimetotime,leanagainst,voteagainst,attheageof,age=getolder,agreeto**.agreewithsth.agreeable=pleasing,agriculture,aheadof.aid.aimat.aim=goal/target.byair,intheopenair.aircraft=plane=airplane,attheairport,alarm=frighten,alcohol,alert..to..,=wam,ofVagainst…，alien=foreign,lookalike,keepalive,aboveall,afterall,allover,inall,allege=declare,state,alleviate=relieve,alliance=union,allied=united,allocate=distribute,allow=permit,almost=nearly,livealone,goalongthestreet,talkaloud,notonlybutalso",/(Ilikeit,too./1alsolikeit.),alter=change,although/though,atanaltitudeof?attheheightof,altogether=inall.always=often,amazing=surprising,ambiguous=doubtful,uncertain,ambition,ambitious,amend=improve,America,American,amid=inthemiddleof.amongst=among,agreatamountofmoney,amplify=talkindetail,amuse=entertain,amusement/entertainment,analyze,analysis,ancestor,ancient,and.anger,angry,angle(fromtheangleof),animal,animate/inspire,annoy,announce/declare,annual,another,answer(answertotheproblem,answerfor),anticipate/foresee,antique,anxious(beanxiousabout),any,anyone/anybody,anything,anywhere,apart(setapart,apartfrom).apartment,apologize,apparently,apparent,appeal(appealto),appear/seem,appetite/stomach,apple,apply(applyforajob.applyto..),appoint,appointment,appreciate,approach(+to)=method,approval,approve,approximate.April,apt(beapttodosth.),aptitude/ability,architecture,area,argue(arguefor/against),arise,arminarm/handinhand,army,around(allaround/allover),arouse,arrange(ameeting),arrest,arrival,arriveat/in,art,article,artist,as(consideras,lookupon..as...treatas..,as/soas..,asfdr/to,asif/though),ascend/descend,ash,Asia,Asian,aside(asidefrom/apartfrom),ask(askafter,askfbr.ask*♦.todosth,),asleep,aspect,assemble,assemblyline,assert,assess,asset,assign(assign**.todosth.).assimilate,assist/aid,assistant,associate(associatesth.withsth.,associatewith).association/committee,assume/suppose,assure/insure/ensure/sure.astonish,astronaut,at(begoodat.lookat.attheage/speed/rateof,athome),atmosphere,attack,attach(beattachedto),attempt,attend(ameeting/school/**.,attendto),attendance/presenee,attention(payattentionto).attitude,attract,attractive,attribute(attributeto…),audit.August,Australia,Australian,authentic/real/reliable,author,authority/power,automate,automatic,automobile,autumn/fall,available,avenue/street/road,average(on(an,the)average,toaveragethreehoursofworkaday),avoid,await=waitfbr,awake=wakeup(awake=sleepless),award,aware(beawareof..),away(put.,away,rightaway.),awful/terrible,awkward(注意该词的几种词义).Bbaby,back(backandforth,backup/support),background,backwards,bacterium/bacteria,badly/very(hewasbadlydamaged.),balance,ban/bar.banana,band.bank,bankrupt,barely/hardly,bargain(arealbargain),base(bebasedon/upon).basic/fundamental.battery,battle.B.C.be,beach,beam(abeamof),bear(注意该词的几种词义).bearing,beat,beautiful/beauty,because,become,gotobed,bee,beef,beer,before/after,beforehand/inadvance,beg/bag,begin/start(+doing/todosth.).beginning,behalf(onbehalfof),behavior/conduct,behind/infrontof,belief,believe(believein),belong(belongto),below/under/beneath,beneficial/favorable,benefit(forthebenefitof,benefitform),beside/besides=inaddition,best(atbest/atleast；atonesbest,do/tryonesbest,makethebestof),better(bebetteroff,hadbetterdosth),between/among,beyond,bicycle,bid,big/great,bill(paythebill),billion/million/trillion,biography,biological,bird,birth(givebirthto,bybirth),birthday,bit(abitof,bitbybit),bitter,black,blackboard,blame(blame**.forsth.).blank,blanket,blend,blind,block(ablockofrock/ice/wood).blood,bloody,bloom,blue,board(onboard),boat.body,boil(boilup),bold,bomb/blowup.bone,book(bookingoffice),boom,boost/lift,border(borderon/upon),boring/troublesome.bom,borrow/lend,boss,both(both…and..),bother/trouble,bottle,bottom,bound(beboundfor),boundary, 42box,boxing,boy,boyfriend,brain,branch/department,brand,brave,breach/break,bread,break(breakawayfrom,breakdown,breakinto,breakout,breakoff,breakthrough,breakup),breakdown/collapse,breakfast,breath(catchonesbreath,holdonesbreath,outofbreath),breathe,breed/raise,bridge,brief(inbrief),briefly,bright/clever/brilliant/intelligent,bring(bringabout,bringforward,bringup),bring/take,Britain,British,broad,broadcast,brother,brush,budget,build,building,bulk/block.bullet,burden,bum(bumup),burst(burstintotears/laughter).bus,business,busy(bebusywith),but/only(butfor),buy.by(byair/railway/seii/plane/bus；passby,bytherule,aboxfivefeetbysixfeel,byandby)CCabin,cable,cafe,cake,calculate,calendar,call(call**.callfor,calloff/cancel；callon**.；callup),calm(calmdown),calm/still.camera,campaign/champagne/champion.campus,can/container.Canada.Canadian,cancer,candidate,cap.capability/ability,capable(becapableof).capital,captain,car,carbon,card,cardinal/essential,care(careabout,takecareof),career,careful,careless,carrier,carry(carryon,carryout),cartoon,case(inanycase,inmostcases,incase,incaseof),cash,cast/throw,casual,cat,catch(catchupwith,catchacold,catchattention),cater(caterfor),cause,cautious/careful,cease/stop,celebrate,cell,census,centennial,centigrade,central,center,century,certain,chain,chair/host,chairman,challenge,chance/opportunity(achancetodosth.；bychance,takea/thechance),change,channel,character,characteristic(becharacteristicof),charge(inthechargeof,takechargeof,charge..with..),charming/attractive,cheap/expensive,cheat(cheat**.ofmoney),check(checkin.checkup),cheerful/pleasing.cheer(cheerup),chemical/physical.chemistry,cherish(hope/dreams/friendship),chief,child/children.childhood,childish.China/china.Chinese,choice,choose(choosesth.from/amongsth.),Christmas,chronic,church.cigarette,cinema,circle,circuit,circular/round,circulate,circumstance(under/innocircumstances),citizen,city,civil,claim,clash(clashwith,aclashofviews),class/category,classic/classical,classroom,classmate,clean,clear(clearaway,clearup),clerk,clever,client,climate,climax/top,climb(climbup/downthehill),cling(clingto),clinic,clock,clockwise,close/open(closedown,closeseason).cloth/clothes/clothing,cloud,cloudy,club,clue/hint,clumsy/awkward,coach,coal,coarse/rough.coast(alongthecoast).coat(coatthethroat),code,coffee,coin,coincide(coincidewith),cold(have/catchacold),collar(white/blue/grey-collared),colleague,collect/gather,collective,college/university,colonial,color,colorful,column,combat/fight.combine/combination.come(comeacross,comeout,comeup.comeupwith),comfort,comfortable,command/control,comment(commenton),commercial,commission,commit(mistakes/guilt),commitment,commodities/goods,common/average(incommon),communicate(communicatewith),community,compact,companion,company/firm/concem/enterprise/corporation,comparative,compare(becomparedwith,becomparedto),comparison(bycomparison),compel/force,compensation,compensate,compete/contend(competewith/for),competence/ability,competition,complain(complainabout),complaint,complex/complicated,complicate,comply(complywith),composition,component/part,comprehend/grasp,comprehension/understanding.comprehensive,comprise,compromise,compute/calculate,computer,comrade,conceal,conceive(anidea/aplan),concentrate(concentrateonesattentionon..),concentration/focus,concept,concern(asfarasbeconcerned,beconcernedabout),conceming/about,concise/brief,conclude(thestudyconcludedthat).condemn/blame(violence),condition(onconditionthat..),conference/meeting,confess,confident,confidential/secret,confine(beconfinedto),confirm,conflict/clash,conform(conformto/with),confront(beconfrontedwith/befacedwith),confuse,congress,connect(connect..with..),conquer,conscious(beconsciousof),consent(consentto/agreewith),consequence/result(inconsequence),consequent!y/therefore,conservative/conventional,consideras.considerable/considerate,consist(consistof,bemadeupof,becomposedof),consistent,constant,constitute,constitution,construct,consult(consult(with)about),consume,consumer/customer,consumption,contact(contact**.；bein/outofcontactwith…).contain,contaminate,contemporary,contempt/lookdownon.contend/argue.content,continent,continue+doing,continues,contract,contradict,contrary(contraryto,onthecontrary),contrast(incontrastwith,contrastwith),contribute(contributeto/leadto),control(outofcontrol/underthecontrolof),convenient,conversation,convert/change,convey/pass,convict(convict**.of..),convince(convince-of..,beconvincedof..),cook,cool,cooperate,cope(copewith/handle/dealwith),copy,com,corner,correct,cost(atthecostof),costly/expansive,cotton,could,count(countin/out),country,countryside,couple,courage,course(inthecourseof,ofcourse).court,courteous/hltp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=43(第3/5页)2009-1-21上午03:00:09polite,cover(coverwith..),coverage,craft,crash/clash,crazy/mad,create(abridge/aproblem).creative,creature,credible/reliable,credit,crime,criminal,crisis,critic,critical/decisive/crucial,criticize,cross,crowd,crowded,cruel,cry,cultivate/plant,culture,cure,curious(becuriousabout),currency,current,curtain,custom(theCustoms),cut(cutacross,cutdown,cutin,cutoff,cutout),cycle.因为时间有限,所以我们不能为学员把词汇,的进行“考点展开”讲解,希望学员有时间能按照这个思路把重点的,基本的词汇进行展开复习,这样的复习・定会对我们最后的考试有所帮助(尤其是词汇题和完型填空题部分的解答)http://www.cdbroad.com〇以下是推荐的基本的,重点的单词。DDaily.damage,damp,dance,danger,dangerous,dare,dark,data/datum,date,daughter,day.dead(注意该词既可用作形容词,又可用作副词,且含义不同)，deadline,deadly((注意该词既可用作形容词,又可用作副词,I1含义不同)，deaf,deal,dean,dear,death,debate,debt,decade,deceit/cheat,December,decide,decision,decisive,declare,decrease,dedicate,deep/deeply.defeat,defect,defend,deficient,define,definite,defy,degree,delay,delete,deliberate,delicate,delicious,delighted,deliver,delivery,demand,demonstrate,dense,deny,department,departure,depend,dependent,depression,deprive,derive,descend,describe,desert(注意该词有两种同类,不同的词义)，deserve,design,desire,desk,despite,destination,destroy,destruction,detail,detect,determine,develop,device,devise,devote,diagnose,diagnosis,dialogue,dictionary,die,diet,differ,difference,different,difficult,difficulty,dig,digest,digital,dilemma,diligent,dim,diminish,dinner,direct,direction,directly,director,dirt,dirty,disabled,disagree,disappear,disappointed,disaster,disc,discard,discipline,disclose,discourage,discover,discovery,discriminate,discuss,disease,dismiss,disorder,display,dispose,dispute,distance,distant,distinct,distinction,distinguish,distinguished,distract,distress,distribute,district,disturb,dive,diverse,divide,division,divorce,dizzy,do,doctor,document,dog.doll,dollar,domain,domestic,dominant,dominate,donate,door.dose,double,doubt,doubtful,down,downstairs,dozen,draft,drain,drainage,dramatic,draw,drawing,dreadful,dream,dress,drill,drink,drive,driver,drop,drought,drug,dry,due,dull,durable,during,dust,suty,dwell,dynamicEEach,eager,ear,early,earn,earnest,eamings,earth,earthquake,ease,easily,east,easy,eat,eccentric,economic/economical,economics,economy,edge,edit,educate,education,effect,effective,efficiency,efficient,effort,e.g.,egg,Egypt,eight,eighteen,eighth,eighty,either,elaborate,elderly,election,electric,electrical,electricity,electronic,elegant,element,elementary,elephant,eleven,eligible,eliminate,else,elsewhere,e-mail,embarrass,embody,embrace,emerge,emergency,emotion,emphasis,emphasize,employ,employee,employer,employment,empty,enable,encounter,encourage,end.endanger,endeavor,endow,endure,enemy,energy,enforce, 43engage,engine,engineer,engineering,England,English,enhance,enjoy,enjoyable,enlarge,enlighten,enormous,enough.Enquirer/inquire.enrich,enroll,ensure,enterenterprise,entertain,enthusiasm,enthusiastic,entire,entitle,entrance,envelope,environment,equal,equally,equip,equipment,equivalent,erect,error,escape,especially,essay,essence,essential,establish,estate,esteem,estimate,eternal,Europe,European,evaluate,eve,even,evening,event,eventually,ever,every,everybody,everyday,everyone,everything,everywhere,evidence,evident,evil,evoke,evolve,exact,exactly,exam,examine,example,exceed,excellent,except,exception,exchange,excite,excited,exciting,exclude,excuse,executive,exercise,exert,exhaust,exhaustive,exhibit,exhibition,exist,existence,exit,expand,expansion,expect,expenditure,expensive,experience.［本日:1本周:1本月:1总数:1“返回上一页］［打印］http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7ids43（第4/5页）2009ノー21上午03:00:09推荐3000左右应该掌握的和考试中容易考察的词汇（二）请输入关键字作者:本站来源:本站原创发布时冋:2009818:09:30减小字体增大字体experiment,expert,expire,explain,explode,exploit,exploitation,explosion,export,expose,express,expression,extend,extension,extensive,extent,external,extinct,extra,extract,extraordinary,extreme,extremely,eyeFFabric,face,facilitate,facility,fact,factor,factory,faculty,fail,failure,faint,fair,fairly,faith,faithful,fall,false,fame,familiar,family,famous,fan,fancy,fantastic,far,fare,farm,farmer,fascinate,fascinating,fashion,fashionable,fast,fasten,fat,fatal,father,fault,faulty,favor,favorable,favorite,fax,fear,feasible,feather,feature,February,federal,fee,feed,feel,feeling,fellow,female,fence,fertile,festival,fever,few,fiction,Held,fierce,fifteen,fifty,fight,figure,file.fill,film,final,finally,financial,find,finding,fine（注意该词有两种词类,不同的词义），finger,fireman,firm,firmly,first,fish,fir,five,flat,flavor,flee,flexible,flight,float,flood,floor,flourish,flow,flower,flu,fluctuate,fluent,fluid,fly,focus,fog,follow,following,fond,food,foolish,foot,football,for.forbid,force,forecast,foreign,foreigner,foresee,forest,forever,forget,fork,form,formal,format,former,forth,fortunate,fortune,forty,forward,fossil,foster,found,foundation,four,fourteen,fourth,frame,France,frank,free,freedom,freely,freeze,French,frequency,frequent,fresh,Friday,fridge,friend,friendly,friendship,frighten,from,front,frontier,frown,fruit,frustrate,frustration,fuel,fulfill,full,fun,function,fund,fundamental,funny,fur,furious,furnish,furniture,further,furthermore,future.GGain,game,gang,gap,garage,garden,gas,gasoline,gather,gay,gaze,gene,general,generally,generate,generation,generous,genius,gentle,genuine,gesture,get（注意该词的短语），giant,gift,give,glad,glance,glimpse,global,globe,go（注意该词的短语），goal.good,goods,gorgeous,govern,government,grace,graceful,gradual,graduate,grand,grant,grasp,grateful,grave,great,greedy,gross,ground,grow,growth,guard,guess,guidance,guilty,guiltHHabit,habitant,half,halt,hamper,hand（注意该词的短语）.handful,handicap,handle,handsome,handy,happen,hard（注意该词的跨词类用法）,hardly,hardship,harm,hardware,harness,harsh,harvest,hate,have,hazard,hazardous,head.heal,heath,healthy,hear,heart,heartily,heat,heavy,height,help,helpful,hence,here,hesitate,hide,high,highway,hinder,hint.hire,historic/historical.hit.hobby,hold（注意该词的短语）,honest,honor,honorable,hopeful,horrible,horror,hospital,host,hostile,hot,housing,hour,how,however,huge,humid,humiliate,humorous,hunger,hungry,hunt,hurry,hurtII,ice,idea,ideal,identical,identify,idle,if,ignorant,ignore,ill.illegal,illness,illustrate,image,imagination,imagine,immediate,immense,immigrate,immune,impact,impartial,impel,implicit,imply,import,importance,important,impossible,impression,improve,impress,impulse,in,incentive,incident,incline,include,income,increase,increasingly,incredible,indeed,independent,indicate,indication,indifferent,indirect,individual,indoors,induce,industrial,industrious,industry,inevitable,infancy,infect,infer,infinite,inflation,influence,inform,informal,information,ingredient,inhabitant,initial,injure,injury,inner.inn 44nice,night,no,nobody,noise,nosy,none,nor,normal,normally,north,notable,note,noted,nothing,notice,notify,noticeable,novel,November,now,nowadays,nuclear,number,numerous,nurse,nut.OObey,object,objective,obligation,observe,obstacle,obtain,obvious,occasion,occasional,occupy,occupation,occur,ocean,October,odd,of,off,offend,offer,office,official,often,old,on,once,one,oneself,ongoing,only,open,openly,operate,operation,opinion,opportunity,opposite,optimistic,option,orange,order,ordinary,organ,organization,organize,origin,original,other,otherwise,ought,outcome,outer,outline,output,outlook,outside,outstanding,over,overall,overcome,overtime,owing,own,owner,oxygen.PPacific,package,pack.page.pain,painful,paint,painting,pair,palace,pale,panic,paper,parcel,parent,park（注意该词的跨词类用法），part,participate,particle,particular,particularly,partly,party,pass,passenger,passion,passive,past,pastime,patience,patient,pattern,pave,pay（注起、该词的短语）.jxiyment,peace,peak,people,per.perceive,percent,percentage.Perfect,perfectly,perform,perhaps.period,permanent,personal,personally,persuade,phrase,phenomenon,phone,phrase,physical,pick,picture,piece,pill,pilot,pipe,pity,place,plain,plan,planet,plant,play,plead,pleasant,pleasing,pleasure,plus,pocket,poem,point,poisonous,police,policy,polish,polite,politics,pollute,pollution,poor,pop,popular,population,port,portion,pose,position,positive,possess,possibility,possible,possibly,post,postpone,potential,pound,poverty,power,powerful,practical,practice,praise,precede,precious,precise,predict,prefer,preference,pregnant,prepare,prescribe,presence,present（注意该词的跨词类用法）,presently,preserve,president,press,pressure,pretend,pretty（注意该词的跨词类用法）,prevail,prevent,previous,price,pride,primary,prime,primitive,principle,print,prior,private,prize,probable,probably,probe,problem,proceed,process,produce,product,productive,profession,profit,profitable,profound,program,progress,project,prolong,promise,promising,promote,prompt,prone,pronounce,proof,proper,property,proportion,propose,proposal,prospect,protect,protection,protest,prove,protest,prove,provide,provoke,psychological,public,publicly,publish,pull（注意该词的短语），punish,pure,purely,purpose,pursue,pursuit,push,put（注意该词的短语）.puzzleQQualify,quality,quantity,quarrel,quarter,question,quick,quickly,quiet,quietly,quit,quite,quoteRRace,racial,radical,radio,rage,railway,rain,rainy,raise,ramble,random,range,ranger,rank.rape,rapid,rapidly,rarely,rate,rather,ratio,rational,raw.reach,react,reaction,read,readily,reading,ready,real,realistic,reality,realize,really,reason,reasonable,recall,receive,recent,recently,reckon,recognize,recommend,record,recorder,recover,recovery,recreation,recycle,red.reduce,reduction,redundant,refer,reference,reflect,reform,refuse,refusal,regain,refresh,regard,regardless,region,register,regret,regular,regularly,regulation,reinforce,reject,rejection,relate（注尽该词的词.义）,relation,relative/related,relax,release,relevant,reliable,relief,relieve,religion,reluctant,rely,remain,remark,remarkable,remedy,remember,remind,remote,remove,render,renew,rent,repair,repeat,repeatedly,replace,replacement,reply,report,represent,representative,reputation,request,require,rescue,research,reserve,resemble,resident,resign,resist,resolve,resort,resource,respect,respective,respond,response,responsible,rest（汁:意该シリ的跨词类用法）.restore,restrain,result,resume,retail,retain,retire,retirement,return,reveal,review,revive,revolution,reward,rewarding,rid.ride,ridiculous,right（注意该词的跨词类用法），right-handed,ring,rise,risk,risky,rival,river,rock（注意该词的跨词类用法），rocket.romantic.room（注意该词的词义）,root,rope,rough,roughly,round,rubber,rubbish,rude,ruin,rule.run.rural,rushSSacrifice,sad.safe,safeguard,safely,safety,sake,salary,sale,salt,same,sample,sand（注思ぽ何单复数的词义差异），satellite,satisfactory,satisfy,satisfying,save,savings,say,saying,scale,scarce!y/hardly/seldom/rarely,scatter,scene,scenery,schedule,scheme,scholarship,science,scientific,scold,score,Scotland,scream,screen,seal,search,season,seat,second,secondary,secondly,secretary,section,secure,see（注瓜该词的知項）,seek,seem,seize,select,self,selfish,send,senior,sense,sensible/sensitive,sentence,separate.September,series,serious,seriously,serve,service,set（注意该词的短语）.setback,settle,settlement,severe,severely,sexual,shake,shall,shallow,shame,shape,share,sharp,sharply,sheer,shift,shine,shock,shoot,shop,shopping,short,shortage,shortcoming,shorten,should,shout,show,shrink,shut,,shy,sick.side,sight,sign,signal,significant,silence,silly,similar,similarly,simple,simple,since,sincere,Singapore,single,sink,sit,site,situation,size,skill,skilled,skillful,skin,sky,sleep,sleepy,slide,slight,slightly,slow,small,smart,smell,smile,smoke,smoker,smooth,smoothly,snake,snow,snowy,so,so-called,soccer,social,society,soft,soften,software,soil,sole,solid,solution,solve,some（注意该词的用法）,somehow,something,sometime,sometimes,somewhere,song,soon,sorrow,sorry,sort,soul,sound（注总该词的跨㈣类用法）,soup,source,south,space,spacious,Spain.Spanish,spare,speak,special,specialist,specially,species,specific,speculate,speech,speed,spend,spirit,spite,splendid,split,spoil（注意该词的用法）,spoken,spokesman,sport,spot（注意该词的用法），spread,spring,spur,stable,staff,stage,stand（注意该词的短语）,standard,stare,start,state（注意该词的用法）.statement,status,stay,steady,steal,steam,steel,step,stick,stiff,still,stimulate,stir,stock,stop,storage,store,straight,strange.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=44（第3/4页）2009-1-21上午03:00:21stranger,strategy,strength,strengthen,stress,strict,strictly,strike,striking,strong,strongly,structure,struggle,student,study,stuff,sturdy,stupid,style,subject,subjective,submit,substance,substantial,substitute,subtle,suburb,succeed,success,successful/successive,such,suffer,suffering,sufficient,suggest,suit,suitable,sum,summit,sunny,super,superior,supermarket,supervise,supply,support,suppose,sure,surface,surpass,surprising,surrounding,survey,survive,suspect,sweet,symbol,sympathetic,symptom,system.Ttake（注意该词的短语）.takeover,talented,talk,target,task,taste,teach,teaching,team,tear（注意该词的跨词类用法），tease,technical,technology,telephone,tell,temperature,temporary,tempt,tend,tendency,tension,terrible,terrific,territory,textile,than,that,theft,theory,therefore,thick,thin,thing,think,thirsty,thorough,thought,threat,threaten,through,throw,thus,tidy,tight,tightly,time,timetable,tiny,tired,title,to,tolerant,top,topic,total,totally,touch,tough,tour,tourism,track,trade,traditional,traffic,train,transfer,transform,transport,travel,treasure,treat,treatment,trend,trip,trouble,true,truly,trust,trytum（注意该词的短语）,twice,twin.type.UUgly,ultimate,unable,under,understand,undertake,undoubtedly,unexpectedly,unfair,union,unique,unite,universal,university,unless,unlike,unlikely,until,up.upset,urban,urgent,usage,use.used,useful,useless,usual,usually,utilize,utterly.VVacant,vacation,vague,valid,vain,valuable,vanish,variety,various,varyvast,vehicle,venture,verge,very,via,victim,victory,view,violate,violence,violent,virtually,virtue,virus,visible,visit,visual,voice,voluntary,voteW油ge,wait,wake,walk,wall,wander,want,warm,warn,warning,waste,watch,water,way,weakwealthy,wear,weary,weather,weave,wedding, 45weakly,weight,welcome,well,what,whatever,when,where,whereas,wherever,whether,which,while,white,whole,wholly,whom,whose,why,wide,widen,widespread,wild,wildlife,will,willing,win,wind,windy,wipe,wise,wish,with,withdraw,within,without,witness,woman,wonder,wonderful,wood,wooden,word,work（注意该词单复数的词义差异），world,worldwide,worry,worried,worse,worth,would,write,wrongXx-rayYYard,year,yellow,yesterday,yield,young,youngster,yours,yourthZZero,zone,zoo10天记住10000单词（1）请输入美键字减小字体增大字体Vocabulary10000LessonIAmonumentwasbuilttocommemoratethevictory.Thechildrenhuddledtogetherforwarmth.Censureissometimeshardertobearthanpunishment.Thenewvaccineeradicatedalltracesofthediseasewithinthreemonths.Thebarbariansdefiledthechurchbyusingitasastable.Thepregnantwomanhasanenlargedabdomen.Thelosthikerswerebereftofhopewhentherescueplanedidnotseethem.Thechildrenwerebereavedbythedeathoftheirparents.Thisbattlefieldisconsecratedtothememoryofthesoldierswhodiedhere.Agoodjokedoesnotnecessarilyevokeaheartylaugh.Wheelsleftgroovesinamuddydirtroad.Theoldcarjolteditspassengersbadlyasitwentover(heroughroad.Bowingtogreetaladyisnowanobsoletecustom.Manywildanimalsprowlatnightlookingforsomethingtoeat.Thechildrenscoopedholesinthesand.Diplomatsareinterestedinthestatusofworldaffairs.Thefarmersuedtherailroadstationbecausehiscowwaskilledbythetrain.Thecounterofthesinkhasmanygroovesalongwhichthewaterwillrunoff.Thecatprowledaroundthecellarlookingformice.Ngallsympathizedwiththehusbandwhowasbereavedofhisbelovedwife.Hersingingevokedadmirationfromthepublic.伙stillusethismachinethoughitisobsolete.ThebanditinatypicalWfestemmovieridesahorseandgoesarmed,eitheraloneorinagroup.ChristmascommemoratesthebirthofJesusChrist.Thechildren'smuddyshoesdefiledalltherugsinthehotel.Runninginthehallisadeviationfromtheschoolrulesandwillnotbeallowed.Shecouldbearthedisappointmentsofotherpeoplewithtolerablefortitude.Thelittlegirlwasinconsolableatthelossofherkitten.Aren'tyouhungry?Youareonlynibblingyourfood.Thecoronationofthenewkingwasasplendidpageant.Afterthescourgeoffloodusuallycomesthescourgeofdisease.Thecrippledchildtumbleddownthestairsandwasbadlyhurt.Theironintheshipcausedadeviationofthemagneticneedleofthecompass.Amarathonrunnermusthavegreatfortitudetorunsuchalongdistance.Theprettygirl'sreputationwasdeGledbymaliciousgossips.Theboyisjustlearningtowalk,heisalwaystumblingoverthefloor.TheinaugurationceremonyofthenewPresidentwasasplendidpageant.Therearemanyillnesses,whichafflictoldpeople.Hisemployercensuredhimforneglectinghiswork.Thethiefintrudedintothehousewithcautionanddissimulation.Nowadays,itisaninhumanepunishmenttoflogthedisobedientsoldiersorsailors.Accordingtotheinscriptiononitscornerstone,thisbuildingwaserectedin1919. 46Thegiftsofcharitymeddledwithaman'sprivateaffair.Hedoesn'tsitstraight:hispostureisverybad.Johnrummagedallthedrawerstofindhisgloves.Thewaterspoutedoutwhenthepipewasbroken.Theclimbertraversedalonghorizontalcrackinthefaceofthemountainslope.Achildstoodlookingwithwistfuleyesatthetoysintheshopwindow.Hewasflogginghishorseinaverycruelway.Sherummagedchangefromthebottomofherpurse.Thelawdoesnotmeddleundulywithaperson'sprivatelife.Thelightstraversedtheskysearchingforenemyplanes.Theinscriptionontheancientmonumentwasveryhardtoread.Theamicableflashofherwhiteteethwasveryimpressive.Thesoldiersareveryexhaustedfortheyhaveadvancedforwardwithoutrestinablizzard.IfIwererich.IwouldliketocruiseintheSouthernPacificforsixmonthsinaprivateyacht.YellowfeverhasbeeneradicatedintheUnitedStatesbutitstillexistsinsomecountries.Thedoctor'sreportgaveusonlyaglimmerofhope.Onhisdesk,manyarticlesanddocumentsarealwayspiledingreatlump.Thewomanransackedthehouseforherlostjewelry.Heslashedapaththroughthehighgrasswithalongknife.Outfeetslumpedrepeatedlythroughthemeltingice.Thatpop-songhadagreatvogueatonetime.Enemysoldiersransackedthecityandcarriedoffitstreasures.Tiredfromhislongwalk,heslumpedintoachair.Wesawtheglimmerofadistantlightthroughthetrees.Heusedtohaveagreatvogueasafilmactor,butnoonegoestothecinematoseehimnow.WhattheIceAgedidwastoeradicatetheabundantmammalianlifeintheNorthernHemisphere.Heascribeshissuccesstoskillandhurdwork.Thesoldierskepttheirheadsdownbehindthebulwark.Shelookedaroundthiswayandthatinadubiousmanner.Selfishnesswasafacetofhischaracterthatweseldomsawbefore.Forthefirsttimehehadtopayheedtohisappearance,andinfacthebecameverywell-dressedfromthenon.Theboyshuddledtogetherundertherocktokeepwarm.Theoldmanmumbledsomethingtome.butIcouldnotunderstandhim.ThisruinedbridgeisarelicoftheKoreanWirin1950.Automobileexhaustfumesareoneofthemajorcausesofsmog.Thethirstywayfarerwasgladtofindafreshspringneartheroad.Healwaysspeakswithhismouthfulloffood,itishiswont.Fourpeoplewerehuddledunderoneumbrellatoavoidthesuddenshower.I'mfeelingbetterthanyesterday,butitisdubiousthatIcangotoschooltomorrow.Nooneknowswhowrotethatplay,butitisusuallyascribedtoCyrilTourneur.Webelievethatafreepressandfreespeecharebulwarksofdemocracy.TakeheedofwhatIsay,oryouwillfailinthefinalexamination.Lesson23Civilizedpeoplebelieveinhumanetreatmentofprisoners.Theequatorisanimaginarycirclearoundtheearth.Becausehewasn'tworkinghard,heisliabletofail.Hesataloneafterthebattle,mourningoverthelossofhisbestfriend.Apsychiatristcanhelpsomepeopletounderstandtheirsubconsciousurges.Hehastoleavenow,helivesfartherfromherethanIdo.Allthemembersofthecommitteeagreedtoinquirefurtherintothematter.Themanlivingnextdoorhangedhimselfinsorrowafterhiswifedied.Nehungourreproductionof“MonaLiza,abovethefireplace. 47Tainanisoneofthehistoricspotsthatyoushouldvisit.Uponretiringfromtheoffice,thePresidentgaveallthehistoricalpaperstothelibrary.Thephilosopherclaimsthatkindnessisahumantrait,butIdon'tbelieveit.Humanepeopleareconsiderateofnotonlyotherpeoplebutalsoanimals.Somepeopledonotbelievethatghostsarenotrealbutimaginarybeings.Theimaginativechildalwayslikestomakeupfairytales.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第3/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03BessieSmithwasanincomparablesingerinherdays.Itisfoolishtocomparehorseswithairplanes.Theyareincomparable.Someoldsuperstitionsseemincredibletomosteducatedpeople.Peoplenowadaysareincredulousaboutghostsandwitches.Thegentlemanlaidhislandonhisson'sshoulder.Thewoundedsoldierwaslyingonthebattlefield.Thiskindofshoeisapttosliponwetground.Henryisanaptstudentofthepracticalscience.Childrenundertheageof10areallliabletodiseases.Hedeclaredthathewasnotliableforhiswife'sdebts.Theweatherforecastsaysthatiピslikelytobehottomorrow.Thebackyardofourhousehasaluxuriantgrowthofweeds.Sheistooproud,tooluxurioustomarryanordinarypersonlikeyou.Fromtimetotime,duringthenight,therewasamoanofpainfromthesickman.Thewholenationmournedthedeathofthemuch-lovedPresident.Thecompanywillgiveonlyoralteststotheapplicants.Thiswrittenreportcontainsbothaverbaldescriptionandasketchofthebuilding.Theministermadeapersonalvisittothesceneoftheflghting.Thegeneralissuedanordertocapturethehilltoallpersonnel.Themanseemedpoor,buthewasrespectablydressed.Childrenshouldspeakrespectfullytotheirelders.Thefirst,second,andthirdprizeswenttoJack,George,andFrankrespectively.Sheraisedherfingertoherlipsasasignforsilence.Thefarmerraisescattleandcrops.Thesunwillriseat5:45tomorrowmorning.Wehavetogotothegovernmentpatentofficetoregisterthenewtrademark.Itissafetoregisterthelettercontainingthecheck.Gototheregistraroftheuniversitytoknowyourgrades.Theboatweareonisthebestsailorinthefleet.Themeninournavyarecalledsailorsiftheyarenotofficers.AgroupofcollegeprofessorswerewaitinginthemainsalontoseetheMinisterofEducation.Theship'spassengershavetheirdinnersinthediningsaloon.ItwascertainthatOswaldmighthaveasubconsciousdesiretoinjurehisunderling.Edinawasunconsciousfortwohoursaftertheaccident.Thegeneralwasunconsciousofbeingfollowedbythespy.Theclub'ssecretarypreparedseveraltranscriptsofminutesofthemeeting.Thetranscriptionofwordsintophoneticsymbolsrequiresspecialtraining.Lesson24ThewomankneltbeforethealtartopraytoGodforherson'ssafereturn.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第4/32页）2009-1-2I上午03:01:03Ifitrains,wehavetoalterourplantohaveapicniconSunday.ChinesemountainclimbersmadeasuccessfulascentofMt.McKinleyinNorthAmerica.Iwon'tgivemyassenttoherplanbecauseitisnotwellprepared.Thereareseveraloldcannonsonthewallofthecastle. 48Thiscanonhasbeenenactedbythechurchcouncilveryrecently.Someofthetopsofsneakersaremadeofcanvas.Thesalesrepresentativecanvassedthewholecityforsubscriptionsofthemagazine.Thecessionoftheterritorycouldnotbeavoidedbecausetheylostthewar.Beseated!Thecourtisnowinsession.Thesoldierfaintedatthesightofhisownblood.Thecolorbecamefaintasthesunset.Hefeintedwithhislefthandandhitmewithhisright.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenanintentionofthestruggleforpoliticalpowerinthecountry.Shefeltoffendedatmyremarks,butitwasn'tmyintentiontohurther.ThereisnothingthatwecandonowbutprayGodhelpsusinourtroubles.Thelionseizeditspreyandateit.ChicagoistheprincipalcityintheMidwestoftheUnitedStates.Theprincipaltoldtheteacherstodismiss(suspend)schoolduringtheheavysnowstorm.Thiscountrywasfoundedontheprincipleofindividualfreedomforall.ThepopulationofFranceremainedstationaryalmostforacentury.Herbertboughtanotebookatthestationerystore.Pleasewriteyournameandaddressonthispaper.ThePresidentaddressedthenationonthesubjectofwarandpeace.Darknessisanattributeofnight,asbrightnessisthatofday.NeattributeEdison'ssuccesstointelligenceandhardwork.Theteachersappointedacommitteeoffivememberstoplantheclasspicnic.ThecourtappointedMr.Lansingasthecommitteethatwouldtakecareoftheboy'sproperty.Shelikesmusicverymuch.shenevermissesaconcert.Neconcertedonthemostpropermethodsfbrspeedilyexecutingthemanager'sinstructions.Itriedbutcouldn'tunderstandthecontentofhisspeech.Johncontentedhimselfwithtwoglassesofbeereventhoughhecouldhavehadmore.Honestbutpooristheconverseofpoorbuthonest.Heconversedwithhiswifeaboutthesummervacation.TheSaharaisagreatdesertinthenorthernpartofAfrica.Afterthefamilydesertedthefarm,itsbuildingsfelltoruin.(=felloutofuse).Thepublisherdecidedtopublishadigest/summaryofinternationallaw.Ilikemilkverymuch,butIcan'tdigest/catchitverywell.Mostanimalshaveaninstincttoprotecttheiryoung.Herfacewasinstinctwithbenevolenceandkindness.Althoughthegovernorknewmanypeoples,hehadfewintimates.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7ids29(第5/32页)2009•レ21上午03:01:03Heintimated/suggestedindirectlythathewasdissatisfiedwithhisjob.Thetrainarrivedatexactly/punctuallyfourminutespasteight.Therehasbeenaminuteimprovementintheworkingconditionsofthefactory.Adarkobjectmovedbetweenthedoorandme.What?Eidolon?Devilorfairy.DoyouobjectTommysmokinginthisroom?Heraskedhertomarryhimbutherefused.Thestreet-cleaningdepartmenttookawayallrefusefromthestreet.Thelittlegirlwasintearsbecauseshe'dlosthermother.Forsecurity,tearuppaperbeforeputitinthetrashcan.Thejanitor/buddyremovedusedtowelsfromtherack.Ittooklongtogetusedtoforeignfood.Lesson10Theentirepopulationwasaggrievedbythetyrannyoftheking.Onlyacallous/apathypersoncanseesufferingwithouttryingtorelieveit.Walkingbarefootontheasphaltpavement/trottermakesthebottomofyourfeetcallous. 49ShewantstocontinueherstudyintheUnitedStates,butherparentsdisapproveofherplan.Tendollarsisafabulouspriceforanordinarypencil.Hewasinfuriatedbythepoliceman'sroughtreatmentofhiswife.Hispoliticalopponentsfearedhismordanttongue,andevenmorehismordantpen.TheidioticIndiaesesangashit-songofvictory,describingtheirprowessinbattle.Hewasarrestedasamemberofasubversiveorganizationadvocatingtheforcefuloverthrowofthepresentgovernment.Manystudentsfindtemporaryjobsduringtheirsummerholidays.Throughtheyearsheamassedalargefortunetobuyfarmafterheretired.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate.Peopletendtoamasspossessions,sometimeswithoutbeingawareofdoingso.TheEmpireStateBuildingisacolossalstructure.Sicknessorbadluckoftenmakesapersonfeeldismal.Shewasgladtoseeusagainandgavemeagenialwelcome.Itishardforaninveteratesmokertogiveuptobacco/cigarette.Thepunishmentforthatoffenceistwoyearsinprison.Duringhissojourn/stopoverinAfricahelearnedmuchaboutnativecustoms.Sixrobberiesinonenightputourvillageinturmoil.Ascientistsuspendsjudgmentandrefrainsfromdrawingconclusionsuntilallthefactsarein.Sheassentedtothedoctor,sassertionthathersonwasill,butcouldnotconsenttohavinghimhospitalized.Thecouplewishestoliveinacozylittlehomeratherthaninalifelessmansion.Thatfactoryistryingtodiversifyitsproductstosellindifferentmarkets.Thehaggardfacesoftherescuedminersshowedthattheyhadagreatdealofsufferings.Carelessdriverscausemanyirreparableaccidents.Everyonehastwopaternalgrandparentsandtwomaternalgrandparents.Theyoungartistmadeareplicaofthefamouspainting.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第6/32页）2009-I-21上午03:01:03Hisseclusionoftherabbitinthebamwaskeptsecretfromeveryoneelse.Thetwofriendswrangledandnowtheydon'tspeaktoeachother.Mostbigotedpeopleareintolerantofopposition.Mostofthefoodtheyeatisdeficientinironandprotein.Theslyfbxeludedthehuntersbyrunningbackintheoppositedirection.Someverygreatmenhavecomefromignoblefamilies.Nearestudyingaboutdew.frost,mist,andotherkindredfactsofnature.DuringtheRomanticperioditwasfashionableinliteraturetohaveamelancholyoutlookontheworld.Noonelikestoberegardedasapoltroon.Theenemywasrouted.Themostmassivedefensesystemwouldstillleavethenationvulnerabletonuclearattack.Thechildabidedwithhisgrandparentsforthreeyearsbeforebeingreturnedtohisparents.Shecan'tabidewatchinghorrorfilms.Pleasefeelassuredthatwewillabidebyourpromise.Theaudienceinthetheaterwasirritatedbytheunrulyandboisterouschildren.Tospitintheclassroomisdespicable.Wesawmanyexoticplantsattheflowerexhibition,whichwehadneverseenbefore.Forthemountainclimber,itisimperativetogetfoodandwaterbeforesunset.Mywifehassuchanimperativevoicethateveryonecoveysher.Hewasnonplusedbythestrangecustomshesaweverywhereinthecountry.Theleaderofthebandbowedinapompous/exaggeratedmannerHeseveredconnectionwithTom.Thedaywassosultrythattheyhadlittleenergyleft.Themoonwaswaning,andinsuchawaninglight,itisverydifficulttoseetheenemy.Lesson11WearebecomingacclimatedtoNewYorkweather. 50ThesenatorsassailedthePresidentonthesubjectofthetreatybetweenthetwocountries.Hisfacewascongestedwithangerastheargumentgrewmoreheated.HereffusivewelcomemadeusfeelmostuncomfortableAgoodmanagerisfrugalintheuseofhisfundsThenewspapersaccusedthegovernmentofbeinginsolventinitsdebts.Mostpassengersoftheshipwereseize[fishl]dwithnauseaduringthestormatseaShehadnowaytoredeemherfurnitureoutofpawn.Theyusedwaterproofcementtopreventwaterfromseepingthroughtheroofoftherunnel.Aswollencheekspoiledthesymmetryofhishandsomeface.NewYork'shotweatherisoftenaggravatedbyitshumidity.Abalmybreezewasblowingacrossthebeautifullake.Theculminationofthedoctor'slife'sworkwashisdiscoveryofacureofcancer.ThestorekeeperendorsedmybillwhenIpaidthefullamount.Themainfieldofhygieneisconcernedwithhealthylivingandcleanliness.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29(第フ/32页)2009-1-21上午03:01:03Soundisintangible[fisn2jandthesameistrueoflight.Grandfathersatbythefireplace,obliviousofeverythingaroundhim.ThefuneralwillbeperformedaccordingtochurchritesHerstorywasboring,buthesimulatedinteresttopleaseher.Theaccountofthetrialwastranscribedfromthestenographer[fish3]'sshorthandnotes.TheUnitedStatesannexe(fish4]dTexasin1845.Somepeoplebrewbeerathomeforhomeuse.TheboyswhisperinginthecornerarebrewingsomemischiefTheboysderidedhimforhisfear[fish51ofthedarkness.Shealwaysevaluatespeoplebytheirclothes.Sweptalongbytheswiftcurrent,hewasinimminentdangerofgoingoverthewaterfall.Ajudicioushistorianselectsandweighsfactscarefullyandcritically.ThereisapreponderanceofhotdaysinJulyandAugust.Manysagestaffsaroundthecommanderhelpedhimwinthebattle.AsagaciousbusinessmanseldomfailsinhisbusinessThespecterofthemurderedmanhaunt[fish6]edthehouse.Theshoutof"Fire"causedagreattumult(fish7]inthetheater.Herapathysinceherhusband'sdeathworriesherchildren.Iftheaimsoftwocountriescollide,theremaybeawar.Thebuildingsweredrape(fish8]dwithred,whiteandbluebunting.Afterhisboringspeechforoveranhour,thefatuousspeakerwaitedforapplausefromtheaudience.Theimpudentboymadefacesattheteacher.1couldhavegivenamuchbetteranswerifIhadhadenoughtimetomeditateThismusicseemstopurifyone'sspiritofevilthoughts.Thesecretary'sbeautifulfigureandsuave(fish9|mannersmadetheofficebright.Thewatchmanwhocaughtthethiefwaspraisedfbrhisvigilance.Lesson12Theengineeracceleratesatrainbyturningonmorepower.1willkeepitsecret,1feelaverse[fishlO]totellingittosomeone.Twopersonswhosawtheroadaccidentcorroborate[fishl1]dthedriver'sstatatement.Ittookthesoldiersonlyhalfanhourtoencampintheheavyrain.Theairisveryhumidneartheseaorlargelake.Itisimpossibletomakeplantsgrowinadesertwithoutirrigation.Absurd!Areyoureallythinkhaveaweebitliquid?Youshouldseementaldoctorforwhim.Everybaseballplayerenvieshim;heispreeminentaboveallhisrivalsforpitching.Everyonelearnstherudimentsofarithmeticinelementaryschool. 51Whentheygotintheboilerroomtheywerealmoststifle[fishl2]dbytheheat.Heisaveryversatileperformer,hecanact,sing,dance,andplaythepiano.Theanatomy[fishl3]ofanearthwormismuchsimplerthanthatofaman.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29(第8/32页)2009-1-2I上午03:01:03Footballrequiresbrainaswellasbrawn.Dexterityinquestioningthewitnesseshelpedthelawyerwinmanycases.MountVesuviushasn'teruptedforagoodmanyyears.Let'sdiscussthistopiconthehypothesisthatitistrue.Todriveanautomobile,youmustlearnhowtomanipulatedthesteeringwheelandpedals.Thetribesmensangasongofvictory,describingtheirprowessinbattle.Alessscrupulous[fishl4]/conscientiousmanwouldn'tgivethemoneybacktoitsowner.Thenursetreatedthewoundedsoldierswiththemostscrupulouscare.Onehundreddollarsamonthwillsufficefortheoldlady'sneed.Hereallylikesantiqueartmuchmorethanmodernart.Incoherent/consistentwriting,everysentencesconnectedinthoughttotheprevioussentence.Afterdinnermyfatheroftendozesinhischairforawhile.Theactress'sbeautyandfascinatedeveryoneintheroomSomepeopleliketoinnovatetheoldsystemsandtraditions,othersliketopreservethem.Themagician'stricksmystifiedtheaudienceinthetheater.Leapyearrecurseveryfouryears,andinthatyearFebruaryhave29days.ButaccordingChineseTraditionalCalendar,Every19-yearshaveseven-leapmonth.Unfortunately,Mr.BakerhasbominFebruary30.Whenhetwenty-third,justcelebrateninetymyday.Theskywasclear,andmoonlightwasshimmeringonthelake.Thegeneralexplainedthemilitarytechnicalitiesofthemattertothenewspaperreporters.Ababycriesandgurglesbutdoesnotusearticulatespeech(orspeakdistinctly).Thespeakerwascarefilltoarticulatehiswordssothateveryoneinthehallcouldunderstandhim.Thesoldierswereconfrontedbytwoterroristsastheylefttheircamp.Whileshewaswaitingforherboyfriendinthetearoom,asweetmelody[fish!5]filledherwithecstasy.Themothertriedtofosterherson'sinterestinmusicbytakinghimtoconcertsfrequently.Thehallisnotdim;thefourlargelampsirradiateit.Theobstinatemanwouldgohisownway,inspiteofallwarning.SomepeopleeatfoodsthatarerepugnanttotheirsAfterhissoporificspeechforanhour,thespeakerreceivednoapplausefromtheaudience.Theconquestofouterspaceisoneofthegreatesttriumphsofmodernscience.Lesson5Headmonishedhisfriendnottobelateforhiswork.Heseemstobedoingnothing,butreallyhe'sjustbidinghistime.Amanwhocheatsonhisincometaxandonhisexpenseaccounttendstocondonethesepracticesinhisfriends.IdesignateyoutoactformewhileIamaway.Mostanimalslettheiryoungfendforthemselvesatanearlyage.OnlyhardyplantswillsurvivetheseverecoldintheArcticarea.Baseballplayersdoexercisesatthebeginningoftheseasoninordertolimber[fish16]themselvesup.Youmustpayinhumility/condescension/modestyofspiritforeverybenefitreceivedatthehandsofphilanthropy/charity.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第9/32页）2009-1-21ヒ午03:01:03Canyourecollectthenameoftheauthorof[Ivanhoe]?Hewassmitten/affectedwiththeviewthathestoppedandtookouthiscamera.Accordingtothetestimonyofthemedicalprofession,thehealthofthenationisimproving.Helikedthebittertasteoftheale;beerishisfavoritedrink.Blend[fishl7]thebutterandthesugarbeforeaddingotheringredient/factor/elementsofthecake.Especiallylarge,sharpcaninecharacterizesthecarnivorousanimals. 52ThecommonEnglishsparrowisadenizenofAmerica;itwasfirstbroughtfromEuropetoAmericaabout1850.Shewasinafrenzyofgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasmissing.Theplayer'sinjury[fish!8]incapacitatedhimforparticipatinginthefootballmatch.ThehunterscamefromtheEasttomassacrethebuffaloesoftheplains,killingseveralmillioninashorttime.WhenIaskedhisadviceheponder/meditatedthematterandthentoldmenottogo.Totheriddle"Whatwalksonfourlegsinthemooring,twolegsatnoon,andthreelegsintheevening?”theansweris“man.''Thefatherspankedthenaughtychildforhisbadmanners.Hetriedtoappeasethecryingchildbygivinghimcandy.Thewarwasaterriblecatastropheinwhichmanypeoplediedandmanybuildingsweredestroy[fish!9Jed.Hefeltcompletelydauntedbythedifficulties（hatfacedhim.Thecrowdgaped/stared/gawkedatthedaringtricksperformedbythetightropewalker.Hewillbeinthehospitalforthedurationoftheschoolyear.Weimploredhimtoactbeforeitwastoolate.Shemuffledherthroatinawarmscarfnottocatchacold.OnAprilFool'sdaypeopleoftenplaypranksoneachother.Soapytooktheumbrellaandsaunter[fish201edoffwithitslowly.Therewasatrickleofbloodfromthewoundonhisface.Shewasastounded/amazedbythenewsthatshehadwonthespeechcontest.Thepeoplelivinginthatvalleyareallmembersofoneclan.Newspaperaccountsofpoliticalandinternationalaffairsareoftendistorted.Whiletravelling,theyentrustedtheirchildrentothecareofababysitter.Sometimesthegetshungryandeatslikeaglutton.Unlessacheckissigneditisinvalid.Hebecameinvalidastheresultofillhealthandlackofexercise.Hiswordswerepolitebuttherewasanovertone/implicationofangerinhisvoice.Theyprobe[fish21]dhispastcareertojudgehisqualifications.Therearemanysacred/holyshrinesintheNearEast.Thestatuteincreasedthetaxeswemustpay.Thewoundedsoldierwritheduncomfortablyinpain.Watchingthefirstmanlandonthemoon,webeheldasightneverseenbeforebyman.Theyshouldchangethisbadhabitandcondescend/deigntobepleasedwhatispleasing.Morethan5,000yearsagotheChinesewerecontrollingtheYellowRiverfloodswithdikes.Thefarmersdugadeepdiketocarrywatertothericefield.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第!0/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Heflippedacoinonthecountertodecidewhethertogotothetheaterornot.Myunclewhohadtraveledtomanycountriesintheworldtoldagrislystoryaboutpeoplewhoatehumanflesh.Theknave/rogueswhosetfiretothebarnhavebeencaughtandsenttoprison.Thegeneralheldaparleywiththeenemy,sleaderaboutexchangingprisoners.Thereisnotashred/fragmentofevidencethatmissingmoneywasstolen.Thejudgesurmised/guessedhisguilt;therewasnoproofthathekilledtheman.Thefutureissouncertainthatwecannotknowallthevicissitudes/varietiesofourfortunes.Thefirewarden[fish22]toldusnottolightmatchesnearthegasstation.Lesson6Mostpeopleabhorthecriminalofkidnappingthechildren.Ifyouboostmeup,Icanreachthewindoweasily.Hisfriend'swillingnesstohelphimwasabigboosttothemorale.Thejailisusedfordetentionofpersonswhohavebeenarrested.Hegavesuchexplicitdirectionsthateveryoneunderstoodthem.Wiseteachersavoidinvidiousrulesagainstthestudents.Youmalignagenerouspersonwhenyoucallhimastingyperson. 53Inplaceswherethewaterisnotpotable,theysetuppurifyingsystems.Ineverwenttoschool,andI'verueditbitterlyallmylife.Peopleinthefarnorthsubsistchieflyonfishandmeat.Shewassuchanunrulychildthatnobodycouldgetalongwithher.Theboyhadanagilemind,andcouldcomeupwithexcusesasquicklyashismotheraskedforthem.Hislackofmoneywastheresultofcapriceinspendingonunnecessarythings.Sheisdisconsolateaboutthedeathofherfather.Itisapopularfallacytosupposethatrichesalwaysbringhappiness.Shegaveingenuousanswerstothestrangers,entirequestion.Isawamiragethatmadehighwayaheadseemtubefloodedwithwater.Theheavythunderstormprecludedourgoingtothebeach.Sheerwhitecurtainshungatthelittlewindowtoletinasmuchlightaspossible.Fromthetopofthewalltherewasasheerdropof100feettothewaterbelow.Hisletterwassuccinct,withallthemajorpointsononepage.Thereisnotmucharablelandonthesideofarockymountain.Thewinner'scomplacentsmileannoyedtheloserinthefootballgame.Thewolvesdismemberedthedeer'sdeadbodywiththeirsharpteeth.Afterthewar,thedefeatedcountrywasdismemberedandcouldnolongerbecalledanation.Shedancedwithgleewhenshesawthenewtoys,whichherfatherboughtforherbirthdaypresent.Hegaveusimplicitconsenttotaketheapples,fbrhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit.Someoneisspreadingmischievousstoriesaboutminister'sprivatelife.Inthesentence**Shelivesalonebyherself'theword**alone''isredundant.Thesolicitudeshowntohimbyhisneighborsaftertherobberyimpressedhimverydeeply.Thebankkeepsalargesurplusofmoneyinreserve.http://www.bfsunt.cn/aiticle/show.asp7ids29（第!1/32页）2009-1-2I上午03:01:03Thedoctorgavehimsomemedicinetoabatethepain.Hisambitionwasconsummatedwhenhewontheprize.Oursavingshavedwindledsincemywifewassenttohospital.Itishaphazardtimetable,sometimeslessonsareheldandsometimestheyaren't.Itisobviousthatablindmanoughtnottodriveanautomobile.Iknowonlyhisovertreasonsforrefusing;hemayhaveothers.佻triedtobefriendly,buthisrebuffmadeusthinkthewantedtobeleftalone.Hewassad.andhisthoughtaboutfuturewasverysomber.Theboy'slackofmoneythwartedhisplansforcollege.IhaveavehementhatredofpeoplewhoarecrueltoanimalsThebenignoldladysentusakindandwarmsmile.Thesergeantwasdegradedtoprivateforthereasonofdisobeyingorder.Myotherwritingsareveryephemeral,butthisbookwillberememberedforever.Peoplewhohavenevergonetoschoolareusuallyilliterate.Theoldmantotteredacrosstheroomandsatdownonthesofa.Noteveryrichmanislavishinspendingmoney.Itisamistaketolavishkindnessungratefulpeople.Heistheonewhoispeddlingthedrugsunlawfully.Shereprovedthemaidinanangryvoiceforbreakingthedish.Manykindsoffabrics,fursanddrugsaresyntheticproducts.Hisuntx）undedcourageandcompassionmadehimanexcellentleaderofthenation.Hewaswretchedwhenhefailedtheentranceexaminationagain.Lesson'1Shecontinuedtoworkinablithespiritinspiteofalldifficulties.Shewasfeelingdejectedandunhappyuntilthegoodnewscheeredherup.Heisanerraticfellowwhoseactionsareusuallycompletelyunpredictable.Whenhewasachild,hislifecontainednobleambitionsandimmaculatethought. 54Thelittlegirlloathedleavinghermotherforstudyingabroad.Thewomaninthispaintinghasapensivesmile.Iwasrestartedfromkeepinganappointmentbyabusinessconferencethatlastedmostoftheday.Shewasproudofherstalwartgood-lookinggrandson.Duringhisillnessheshunnedallsociety,andinparticularthosewhohadbeenhisdearest.Theyquarreledwithsuchaloudnoisethattheirvoiceswereaudibletotheneighbor.Thenewboyhadanauspiciousfirstdayintheelementaryschool.Shewasfilledwithelationatthenewthatshewonthefirstprizeinherclass.Thehaughtymanthinkshighlyofhimselfwhileholdingothersincontempt.Theofficer'sviolationofaregulationismoreofjeopardythantheenlistedman'soffense.Itismandatorytopayadebtwithinacertainperiodoftime.Theteacherrebukedthestudentforthrowingtheexaminationpaperonthefloor.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第!2/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Notmanypeoplecametoseethegame;thesparsecrowdwasscatteredthinlythroughthestadiumAmisergivesundueimportancetomakingandsavingmoney.Thedoctor'sfriendlymannerhelpedthepatientallayhisfear.Gluttonyanddrunkennesshavebeencalledcarnalvices.Afamilynamebecomesdefunctwhentheonlyheirdieswithoutanyson.Ofthemanyplanssubmittedthecommitteeselectedtheplanthatseemedmostfeasible.Theboyshowedingenuityinmakingtoysoutofscrapsofdiscardedwood.Myjokecausedagreatdealofmirthamongthelittlechildren.Soldiersonthebattlefieldleadaprecariouslife.Somepeoplebelievethatfatehaspreordainedwhethertheywillbehappyorunhappy.Atthecouncilbroadhewastaciturnandneveropenedhislips.Hiseldestbrotherdiedafterthevenomousbitefromtherattlesnake.Thedoctorsaidtherewasnothingamisswithher.Thisanthologycomprisessamplesfromtheworkoftenauthors.Familiesthatquarrelintheprivacyofthehomedowelldodissemblewhentheytoouttodinner.Aglibdoortodoorsalesmansoldherasetofbooksthatshedidnotwant.BeforeWorldWarII.theFrenchthoughttheirMagnetLineasaninvinciblebulwarkagainstGermaninvasion.Thelazylittleboygavehisfaceperfunctorywashing.TheDisneylandtourwasrepletewithunexpectedthrillsandsuspense.Wferespectfullysolicityourcontinuousfriendshipandpatronage.Thenationwillsoonbeliberatedfromthefoulestthralldom.Givetheflowerssomewaterregularly,ortheywillwilt.Thatabominableplacewassodirtyandevilsmellingthatheturnedawayindisgust.Brainystudentscouldunderstandeasilywhattheteacherexplainedtothem.Asthemooringprogressed,theweatherdeterioratedmoreandmore.InGermanhewasanexquisitestylist,andhebroughttothatlanguageanewsensitivityintheartofstorytelling.Cancerisnolongeranincurablediseasenowadays,itcanberemediedbyusingradioactivity.Manualworkersofteneammorethanofficeworkersdo.Thisworkbookhasateacher'smanualinwhichexaminationproblemsandtheiranswersareincluded.Heisapotentialleadertocontrolthislargestate.TheyaresuchruthlessparentsthattheynevergivepresentstothechildrenonChristmasDay.Herexplanationsforfailuretodotheworkwerevolublebutnoteasilybelieved.Theatrelobbieswerefilledwithavociferouscrowdduringtheintermission.Lesson8TheweatherinearlyDecemberwasbleakandunpleasant.Theelectricinspectorwascastigatedforhavingfailedtocheckthewireashewassupposedto.Weshouldovercometheworstthatthetyrant'senmitycando.Inanycase,parentsshouldbeimpartialtotheireverychild.Theteacheraskedmetogivealucidexplanationofmybeinglatefbrclass. 55Theoldmanisconfusedmostofthetimebuthedoeshavelucidmoments.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第!3/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Asquarehasfour90-degreeanglesmadebyitsfourperpendicular.Inretrospect,manygoodopportunitieswereneglectedinmylire.Thepoliticianshowedagoodsagacityavoidingthemistakeshe'dmadeinthepreviouscampaign.Urbanespeechiseducatedspeech,asdistinguishedfromthespeechoftheignorant.AfterReddingaboutthelivesofseveralgreatAmericans.JohnbecameanardentstudentofAmericanhistory.Ican'tbearhisderogatoryremarksaboutmybrother'scharacter.1won'ttellyouwhattimetoleave;you'reoldenoughtouseyourowndiscretion.Thehouseofthemeetingswillbefixedatthechairman'sdiscretion.Thepartygotquitehilariousaftertheybroughtmorewine.Itisaparamountresponsibilityofeveryofficertotakecareofhismenbeforecaringforhimself.Housesandtreesseemtorecedeasweridepastinatrain.Thewholecitywasrifewithrumorsofpoliticalcorruptionandbribery.Bothsidesburstintospontaneouscheersatthemagician'sskillfultricks.Theairtenmilesabovetheearthisverytenuous.Abaseballplayerusuallyreachestheacmeofhisskillbeforeheisthirty.Hesparednoone'sfeelingsandexpressedhisviewswithgreatcandor.Thefatherfinallydissuadedhissonfromleavingschool.Heradvicewasquitegratuitous.Icanthinkformyself.ThehouseofrepresentativeshasthesolepowertoimpeachanofficeroftheUnitedStatesGovernment.Herostensiblepurposewastoborrowsomesugar,butshereallywantedtoseeherneighbor'snewfurniture.Thepoorpaintersoldhispaintingsforapaltrysumofmoney.Thepoorfamilylivedinasordidlogcabininthevalley.Shemakesitaruletokeepherroomneatandtidyaftercomingbackfromschool.Onetallboystoodalooffromallthesmallchildren.Regularmealsandexerciseareofcardinalimportancetoourhealth.TherearemanydrabhousesintheSmokeyminingtown.Thelifeofapersonwhoneverdoesanythingisdullanddrab.Thetwofamilieshadbeenatfeudwitheachotherforthreegenerations.Hisinsolentspeechandbehaviorupseteveryoneintheroom.Thejudgesaidthatnothingcouldmitigatethecrueltywithwhichthemanhadtreatedthechild.Asummaryoftheeventsleadinguptothissituationwouldbepertinentinformation.Hispredecessorquitbecausehewasnotintheleastinterestedinthiskindofjob.Letmeapologizeformybeingtardyinansweringyourletter.You,dthinkshewouldneverclimbagain,afterfallingdownthemountain,butitjustwhettedherappetite.Themanaccusedofstealingthemoneywasacquittedforlackofwitnesses.Becarefulnottobreaktheboxofglass,thatthinglassishardbutbrittle.Theuglyframedetractsfromthebeautyofthefamouspicture.Toextirpateweedsisnotonlytodestroytheirvisiblepartsbutalsotopullthemoutbytheroots.Theindulentmotherboughtherchildreneverythingtheywanted.Theindulgentteacherpraisedeverypoemwewrote.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第!4/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Themendaciousbeggartoldadifferenttaleofwoeateveryhouse.Formyownsake,Fvetoldaplausiblelieattheclubmeeting,butthemembersdidnotbelievemeatall.Wehavethesanctionoftherecreationdepartmenttoplayballinthispark.Youngstersusuallyrushintomarriagewithonlytheshallownotionsofwhatloveandresponsibilitymean.W:parkedthecaronthegrassvergeatthesideofthehighway.Lesson9www.bfsunt.cnNooneintheadjacentapartmentswasawakenedbytheirquarrelingsounds. 56Thespringfloodswereagreatcalamitytothefarmerswhosecropsandhouseswereruined.Thefloodsandstorms,whichhavenoprecedentintherecordedhistory,devastatedthecountry.Theexultantplayersweredancingonthegroundovertheirteam'svictory.Thewealthofourcountryseemsinexhaustibletomanypeopleabroad.Wesawamaudlinmovieaboutanorphanwholosthisparentsinthewar.Theenemiesplunderedallthevaluablethingstheycouldfindinthevillage.Ascrupulousmanneverfailstogivebacktheborrowedmoneytoitsowner.Fromsundryhints,IguessedIwastobegivenabicyclefbrmybirthdaypresent.ThechildrenmadezealouseffortstocleanupthehousefortheChristmasparty.佻wonderifhumanbeingsareprimarilyaltruisticorselfish.Thepublicclamorforlowertaxescontinuedyearafteryear.Theoldmanuscriptshadbeendisintegratedintoapileoffragmentsanddust.AlthoughNapoleonwasCorsican,heisconsideredbymostmodernFrenchmentohavebeenFrenchastheirownforebears.Theboywhofounditonthestreetreturnedthemoneyintact.Wedidnotmolestthebigdogbecausewewereafraidofhim.Themourner'sprofusetearsattheburialwereheartbreaking.Hewasslackinfulfillinghispromisesandresponsibilities.Tartapplestastesharpandarepleasantlyacidintheirtaste.Thisplanlooksallrightinprinciple,butinpracticeitwouldn'tbeviable.Thecarpentersmadetheroofaslanttoallowwatertorundown.Theyconcededthatvictorywasnolongerattainableandagreedtoanegotiatedsurrender.Shecouldnotallowthestrangertoenterherhouse,forshedistrustedhim.Thetableisverygroggy.Ithinkthelegisgoingtofalloff.Theintrepidfiremansavedpersonstrappedinaburningbuildingdisregardingofhisownsafety.Wefoundithardtoliketheboybecauseofhisoverbearingmanners.Onlyarashpersonwouldhaverushedintotheburninghousetosavesomeclothes.Thoughpoliohasbeenpracticallywipedout.therehavebeensporadiccasesofthedisease.Fumesfromautomobilesandfactorychimneysaretoxic.Thedriveravertedanaccidentbyaquickturnofthesteeringwheel.Motherdeducedfrommylossofappetiteswhathadhappenedtothecookies.OurshipembarkedpassengersandwoolatanAustralianport.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第15/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Afterleavingcollege,theyoungmanembarkedonanewbusinesscareer.Theboyhumiliatedhisparentsbybehavingbadlyinfrontoftheguests.Agregariousman.beenjoyedthecompanionshipofalargenumberofjovialfriends.BaseballhasbeencalledAmerican'snationalpastimethroughfourseasons.Theprincerenouncedhisrighttothethrone.Mygrandmotherlikestoreadanewspaperinasnugcornernearthefireplace.Shedoesn'tneedtoborrowabookbecauseshe'sgotumpteenbookswaitingtobereadathome.Theboyblurredthepicturebytouchingitbeforethepaintwasdry.Theslumsweredemolishedbeforethetownwasextended.Educationmakespeopleeasytogovernbutimpossibletoenslave.Manyamanisimpededinhiscareerbyalackofbeliefinhimself.Themotherlulledthebabytosleepbysingingasong.Inthecourttheplaintiffassertedthatthethiefhadstolentwohundreddollarsfromhisstore.Hewasstrongandhealthybuthe'sneverbeenrobustsincehisillness.佻hadastrenuousdaymovingintoournewhouse.Pollutionfromsmokeanddustvitiatestheair.Allhisattemptstoimprovewerevitiatedbyhislackofwillpower.Lesson13 57Ournationaboundsinopportunitiesforwell-educatedyoungmenandwomen.Hebehavedinsucharrogantmannersinhisfirmthathewasatlastfired.Ittakesalongtimeaswellasmanyexpertsworkingtogethertocompileanencyclopedia.Themurdererentreatedthejudgetoshowmercy,butwassentencedtodeath.Thealleywasfilledwithlotsofgarbageandotherfilth.Itisincumbentonyoutogiveafather'sadvicebeforeyoursonleaveshome.Atsea,everythingthatbreaksthemonotonyofthesurroundingexpanseattractsattention.IhopeIcanreciprocateyourhospitalitysometime.Theshaggydogalwayssleepsinthebedwithher.Hunger,cold,andsicknesswereamongthetribulationsofpioneerlife.Hereadmanybooksintheadolescentstageofhislife.Onewhois15yearsoldisnotanadult,butanadolescent.AdolphHitlercommandedautocraticpower;noonecouldrigorouslyopposehisplansordecisions.Allthefurnitureoftheroomwasverycongenialtomytaste.Theroomwasencumberedwithheavyfurniture.Everynightthelittlegirlwashorrifiedbythetiger'scry.Itisnowmanifestthat,ifyoudon'treturnthebooktothelibraryrightnow,youwillhavetopayalatefine.Goodhealthisnotalwaysobtainedbygoodnutrition.Theycouldrepresstheuprisingwiththehelpofthearmy.Theywereaccusedofsmugglingdiamondsfromforeigncountries.Therehasbeenatangibleimprovementinhisschoolwork.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第!6/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Theteacherdrewananalogybetweenthehumanheartandapump.Theshipwastossedbytheoceanbillowsinthestorm.Thebombwasdetonatedfromseveralmilesaway;itcausednodamagetoourtown.Theflybecameentangledinthespider'sweb.Duringlongseverewinterssomeanimals,suchasbadgers,groundsquirrels,andsomeinsects,hibernate.Byexperiencewithallkindsofpeoplethedoctorhasdevelopedgreatpowersofintuition.ManyriversinTaiwanarepollutedwithfilthywastefromfactories.Sherevereshergrandfather;heisstrictindecision,butshowsgreataffectiontoher.Thehermitledasolitarylifeinthedeepmountainsfarawayfromthetown.Theyowedtheirlivestothevalorofthefiremen.Thebraveknightdefeatedeachantagonistwhocameagainsthim.Asthedoctorwasfullycognizantofthepatient'sseriouscondition,heactedswiftlytorelieveit.Hisdolefulexpressionshowedthathehadfailedintheexamination.Thefacilityofcommunicationisfargreaternowthanitwasahundredyearsago.Afreebustotheairportisafacilityofferedonlybythishotel.Heimprovisedanewstanzaformtheschoolsongatthefootballgame.Theoldladywasveryinquisitiveaboutwhatherneighborsweredoing.Thepolicemanstoppedthemanwhenhesawagunprotrudingfromhispocket.Heusedtosaythatargumentaddsasavortoconversation.Muchofthecitywassubvertedbytheearthquakeandagreatfire.Lesson14Heisaddictedtoalcoholanddrugs.Doctorsandpolicemendisagreeonhowtocontroldrugdistributionandhandleaddicts.Heisassiduousathisstudies;heworkshardandsteadily,andpayscontinualattentiontohisteacher.Thetwomenconspiredtostealthejewelsandthensellthemtoajewelerinanothercountry.Heissuchanelusiveperson;youneverknowwhereheiswhenyouwanthim.Acheap,gaudysteamboatarrivedatthewharffromSt.louis.Heignitedthematchbyscratchingitonthedesk. 58Thetradeunionisnegotiatingwiththeemployerstogetabettercontract.Respirationisdifficultatgreatheightsandsomemountaineerswearoxygenmaskstoovercomesuchdifficulty,www.bfsunt.cnThespeakermadeafewfunnyjokestoaddspicetohisspeech.Thecommitteeacceptedtheproposalwithunanimousapproval.Theporeoftheallies'aggregatedtogetherwasgreat,thoughindividuallysomewerequiteweak.Hisvariouswagesfortheyearaggregated$22,000.Theirconversationwasbanalfullofuninterestingremarks,suchas**niceweather"and"slowtraffictoday/*Takingarestinthemountainsisferriedcurativeforbreathingdifficulties.Therobbersenforcedobediencetotheirdemandbythreatofviolence.Nooneinthevillagelikesthemanbecauseheisashamelesshypocrite.Itisillegaltointerceptaletterorparcelbeforeitisdelivered.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第!7/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Theirenemiespersecutedsomeearlyreligiousleaders.Don'thurry!''Saidherfatherinsarcasmassheslowlydressed.Wehaveenoughfoodforthepicnic;anymorefoodwouldbesuperfluous.Thereportofthecommitteeofinquirycompletelyvindicateshimanddeclareshisactiontohavebeenrightandproper.Asmileanimatedherfaceasshewenttothegatetomeetherhusband.Manyscientistsnowbelievethattherearesomeworldsinouterspacehavinganimatebeings.Chivalryincludesbravery,loyalty,honor,courtesy,respectforwoman,protectionoftheweak,andgenerosity.Adoctorcannottreatanillnessuntilhehadmadeadiagnosis.Theteacherexemplifiedtheuseofthewordforthestudents.Whenawarimpends,wisementrytopreventitinadvance.Thespeakerhadareallynoblevoice,whichhecouldmodulatewithgreatskill.Theteacher'sprophecythattheboywouldbecomeagreatnationalleaderwaslaterfulfilled.Afterhardworkwecouldfeelthesensuousdelightofahotbooth.Aministerofforeignaffairswholackstactisadangerousman.Thevindictivelittlegirltoreuphersister'spapers.Ifyouhandinyourreportlate,appendanoteexplainingthereasonforthedelay.ThePlainsIndianhasaplentifulandregularsupplyofmeatandskinsbythecommunalbuffalohunting.Afterlearningecology1couldseetherelationoflivingthingstotheirenvironmentandtoeachother.Hゼsdeservedtobepunishedseveraltimes,butFveforbornefromdongso.Itwasamatterofindifferencetohimwhetherhishandswerecleanordirty.Hewasamediocrestudent;hisacademicrecordswerenotexcellent,butnotbad,either.Herehearsedthestoryofallhissufferingsinprison.Werehearsedourpartsfortheschoolplays.Itisunwisetomakeyourselfsosingularinyourclothes.Mymoodisonlytransient;itwillgoawayprettysoon.Lesson15Thetwosurfacesadheredtoeachother,andwecouldn'tgetthemapart.Hehadtheaudacitytogotothepartywithoutbeinginvited.Thecontiguityofthehouseandthegaragewasaconvenienceinbadweather.Thewitchhadenchantedtheprincesssothatshewouldsleepforamonth.AsthewatchedtheNiagaraFalls,hethoughtofthegrandeurofnature.FromherstoryweinferredthattheywenttotheUnitedStatesunwillingly.Icannotwritealetter,myfingersarenumbwithcold.Pleaseremittheamountofyourbillbycheck.Thegirlwasaccusedofstealingapairofshoes,butbecauseofheryoungagethejudgeremittedtheprisonsentence.Hisskepticalremarkabouttheteam'schancesofwinningmadeusgloomy.Theurbanpopulationofrlaiwanhasgreatlyincreasedduringthelasttenyears.Thisisserious,1amafraidwe'llhavetoamputatehisleg.Allthepeopleinthepartyweredisgustedwithhisbawdyjokes. 59Sheisveryattractiveinspiteofherslightdeformity.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第!8/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03IttookalongtimetoexcavatetheancientcityofTroy.InoldentimesthecoastsofEnglandwerefrequentlyharassedbytheVikings.Hedoesnotdrinkatall;alittlewinemayintoxicatehim.Theplacidlakereflectedtheimageoftheoldcastle.MarykickedSusan,andSusanretaliatedagainstherbybiting.Thecatfoundabirdsittingonthebranchandcreptwithstealthymovementstowardit.Heliedtomeaboutmyfriend,andIhavebeenverywaryofhimeversince.Threesurvivorstoldusindetailhowtheregimentwasannihilatedbytheenemy.Intellingastoryweusuallyfollowchronologicalorder.Theyareplanningtodiverttherivertosupplywatersomewhereelse.Themoonlightonthelakeenhancedthebeautyofthescene.Thecriminalhasbeenimprisonedinadrycellforalmost10years.Donotbeiirmalicetowardhim.heisagoodmeanbynature.Thedriverwasprosecutedforexceedingthespeedlimitontheexpressway.Hestartedaninquiryintothecauseofthefire,andprosecuteditforseveralweeks.Wewereallamusedbythesatiricalcomparisonoflifeatcollegeandinthearmy.Theysubscribetoamonthlymagazineinadditiontoseveraldailynewspapers.Hesubscribedalargeamountofmoneytothecollectionforthehospital.Weheardaweirdshriekfromthedurknessoftheruinedcastle.Aguiltymanapprehendsdangerineverysound.Thethiefwhohadstolenthejewelswasapprehendedbythepoliceandwasputinjail.ShecommutesfromCambridgetoLondoneveryday.Heatandsmokeemittedbythefiremadeitdifficultforthefirementoputitout.Thesoldiersfortifiedthepositiononthehillbybuildingearthworksanderectinglogwalls.Thegovernmentinflictedexcessivelyheavyincometaxesonthepeople.Shecutandpaintedpiecesofpaperthatmimickedflowerssowellthatsomepeoplethoughttheywerereal.Hercalmvoicereassuredthefrightenedchild,andhefeltmuchbetter.Anexcitingnewserialstorywillbegininournextweek'sissue.Thetacticsofpretendingtocrosstheriverandofmakingaretreatfooledtheenemy.Lesson16Hethatneverwasacquaintedwithadversityhasseentheworldbutononeside.Mynewshoeshavemadeblistersonmyheels.Theclatterofmetalplateswasheardfromthekitchen.Mostoftelephonedialsusedigitalnumbers.Hecannotworktoday;hegotagashinhishandwhileaxing.EvenmilitarilyweakandsmallnationshavedefiedUNdecisionswithimpunity.Plantsgrowmuchfasterandstrongerwhentheyaregivenmanure.Glassisnotporous,itdoesn'tallowliquidtopassthrough.Therearealotofshacksintherun-downpartofthetownneartherailroad.Theaveragelifespanofpeoplehasincreasedconsiderablysincethe19thcentury.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第19/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thestrongwindstwitchedthepaperoutofherhand.TheFrenchbattleshipswereplacedwithinthepowerofNaziGermanyinaccordancewitharmisticeterms.Itwouldbeabreachofdutyfortheguardtoleavebeforehisreplacementcomes.Tohelpanewstudentgetorientedfurthersthecomityoftheschool.Someprisonersinthedungeonwillbereleasedtomorrow.Heisagregariousman;heenjoysthecompanionshipofalargenumberoffriends.Theexplorersincurredgreatdangerswhentheytriedtocrosstherapids.Shehasasmallmoleontheleftsideofhernose.Themoledigsholesandpassesundergroundandmakesitshomeinthem. 60Hehasappliedforapatentonhislatestinvention.Thiscoffeeisveryhot.Donotdrinkitquickly,butsipit.Sulfurisfoundabundantlyinvolcanicregions.Thisyear'supsurgeinriceproductionisduetothenewmethodofcultivation.Grandfatherwasanaustereman;heusedtobesilentandverystricttous/WhenIwasinhospital,shecalledonmewithabouquetofrosesinherhand.InthePacificOceantherearemanycoralatollsthatareringlikeislands.Agroupofschoolmastersareholdingaforumonnewwaysofteachinghistory.Onrainydaysthestudentsplaygamesinthegym.**Notlikethat“heinteijectedwhileexplaininghowtotakethemachineintopieces.Somemushroomsaregoodtoeat.some,suchastoadstools,arepoisonous.Theyescapedfromthewreckedshiponaraft.ThechildrenlookedlikeNegroes,theirfacesweresmearedwithsoot.Oneendofapencilistaperedofftoapoint.IhavereadthisFrenchplayviaEnglishtranslation.Newspapersareoftencalledbarometersofpublicopinion.Hecompliedwiththedoctor'sorderthatshouldtakearestathome.Acoxcombspendstoomuchmoneyandtimeonhisclothesandappearance.Insummerthehousenextdoorishiddenluxuriantfoliage.ShemadeherplanforherannualsummerhegiratotheMiamiBeach.Thehunterstracedthefootmarksofatigerandatlasttheyfoundhiminhislair.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7idzx29（第20/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thechildhadaterriblenightmareandawokecrying.Thisreservoirislargeenoughtosupplywatertotheentirecity.Heboughtsomesodtoputinthebarespotsofhislawnyard.Rakeupthetrashesintheyardandbumit.Wewillhavesomegueststonight.Thefurniturewillstayinthewarehouseuntiltheypaythestoragecost.Shevolcanobelchedastaggeringmountoffire,smoke,andashes.It'ssuchachoretodotheshoppingeveryday.Whenshewasaskedasuddenquestion,herfaceturnedcrimsoninembarrassment.Thefugitivehadalreadypackedandboughthisticket.Twowomenwerequarrellingonthestreet,surroundedbyahordeofpeople.Usuallyalinguistisskilledinanumberoflanguagesbesideshiswon.Thepriceofthepetroleumhasbeenraisedtoohighduringthelastfewyears.Maryrumpledherdressbysittingonthefloor.Apersonsneezeswhenhehasacold.Shetwinedherarmsaroundhisneckandkissedhim.Whenwegotinsidethefactory,wecouldn'theartheguideexplainbecauseofthewhirringofthemotors.Lesson17Analloyisoftenharder,lighter,andstrongerthanthepuremetalsofwhichitiscomposed.Thestreetswerenotlightedatnightduringtheblackout.Whoissupposedtocaterforyourdaughter'sweddingnextweek?Heiscrammingfactsanddatesforhishistoryexaminationtomorrow.Hecrammedasmanycandybarsintohispocketsastheywouldhold.Ifyoupaid$200forthewatch,youwerefleeced.Isawitinadepartmentstorefor$70/Thejungleisthenaturalhabitatofwildanimalsandplants.Ilostmykeytothedoor,andIwenttothelocksmithtogetanewone.Hepantedexcitedlygivingusthenewsashehadjustheardit.Don'tusethatoldcart,it'srickety.Hehasbeenstigmatizedasacowardandliar. 61Havingbeeninthedesertwithoutwaterfortwodays,histhirstwasunquenchable.TheastronautsoftheUnitedStatesarereturningtotheearthfromthemoon.Oneagebequeathsitsknowledgetothenext.IntheUnitedStatesthereisacensuseverytenyears.hltp:〃www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7idu29（第21/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Everyoneofthecitywasaskedtojointhecrusadeforbetterhousing.Thestreamwassodeepthatwecouldnotfordit.Thedoghoversaroundthekitchendooreverymealtime.Theywerealldresseduptoattendthemasquerade.Hegotafreetickettotheplaybymasqueradingasafriendoftheactors.Thephoenixisbelievedtolivefor500yearsandthenbumitselfandbebomagainfromtheashes.Somepeoplepreferthedarkbreadmadefromryetothewhitebreadmadefromwheat.Inthefilmhejumpsoffarunningcarandperformsotherdangerousstunts.Themostexcitinggameinhockey,wasHarvardversusYale.Abovealltheartillerywasthedecidingfactorinthebattle.IntheearlydaysoftheWestmanystatespaidabountyforcapturedcriminals.Whenhegotashotagainsttyphus,thechildclenchedhisteethinpain.Isawaburglar,withadirkinhishand,gettingintotheroomwhereshewassleeping.Themurdererentreatedthejudgeformercy,butwassentencedtothegallows.Mysteak,thoughdelicious,wasmostlyfatandbones.Mostofitwasinedible.Themoraleofthefootballteamwasverylowafteritsdefeat.Wearemorepronetomakemistakeswhenwearetired.Wefellproneonthegroundanddrankwaterfromthespring.Therobbersgraspedtheperiloftheirpositionandscuttledaway.Thecarpetwasfastenedtothefloorwithtacks.Afterhisparents,death,thecourtmadehimawardofhisaunt.Theterribleavalancheburiedthewholevillage,andveryJewpeoplesurvivedit.Iwassoinahurrythat1leftmybriefcaseathome.Theapartmentisnotcommodiousenoughforhisfamilytolivein.ThebourbondynastyruledFranceformorethantwohundredyears.Afterhegotoutofthebar,hesuddenlybegantoyelldrunkengibberishonthesidewalk.Iinvokedhisforgivenessmanytimes,butfailedtomovehim.Therearemyriadofstarsintheskyatnight,wecannotcountthem.Thousandsofmenandwomenareworkinginthequarrytogetstonesforuseinbuildingthecastle.Povertyanddiseasearecommonintheslums.Hetinkledhiscoinstogetherinhispocket.Theswimmercaughtinthewhirlpoolstruggledtokeepfromdrowning.Weendedourblockadeoftheenemy'sportwhenpeacewasestablished.Thefoxlikestoliveinaburrow;it'swarminwinterandcoolinsummer.Destructionandsufferingarecorollariesofwar.Manyflatteringrelativesfawnedonthericholdman.Hegropedforthelightswitchinthedarkbasement.Heturnedthelatchofthedoorandopeneditsogently.Thesoldierswerefilledwithnostalgiabyhearingmyoldfavoritesong.Thenotesofthehuntinghornresoundedthroughtheforest.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第22/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thefiremansplinteredthelockeddoorwithanaxtosavetheboyintheroom.Nooneintheplacesurvivedthecrash;itcrasheddownintosplinters.AtrucewasdeclaredatChristmasbetweenthetwoarmies.ThereisnotasinglegrammarbookonthevernacularofthisAfricantribe.Lesson18Theuseofanestheticsislessthanahundredyearsold. 62Thefireonthehillwasabeacontothevillagersthattheenemywascoming.Thecoronerconcludedthatthedeathoftheoldwomanwasaccidental.Theydecidedtosettletheirquarrelbyaduel.Peachtreescanbegraftedonplumtrees.44Firstcome,firstservetT'isanimpersonalremark.Alargeicebergloomedthroughthethick,grayfog.Asthespeakermadeafunnyjoke,pealsoflaughterrangthroughtheauditorium.Themissingcattlearediscoveredintheannualroundup.Thecowboyworkedallnighttogatherthecattlethathadstraggledbehindtherestoftheherd.Hewassuspectedofhavingulteriormotivesformakinghisgenerousoffer,butinfacthisofferwasfromthebottomofhisheart.TheoldChippendalechairwassoldatagoodpriceattheauction.Theoldmanisfamousforsupercalligraphy.Jeanfeltunabletocopewithdrivinginheavytrafficafterheraccident.Pleasegetsomecucumbersinthevegetablesection;1,11makepickles.Hergrandfatheris90yearsold.andeverymealtimeshehastopreparegruelforhimbyboilingoatmealinwater.Shehustledoffherchildrentoschoolandstartedworking.Everyyearthearmyandthenavyholdmaneuversforpractice.Shemaneuveredhercarintoanarrowparkingspacewithease.Hewasinaterribleplight,trappedatthebackofthecave.Icametothemeetingtoscoff,butthespeakerpersuadedme.Shewasstunnedbythenewsofhermother'sdeath.Avultureusuallylivesonthefleshofdeadanimals.Afterhisstoreburned,thestorekeeperbecameabankrupt.Itsuddenlybegantoshower,andwetookrefugeinthecavem.Chrysanthemumusuallybloomsinfallandshowsgreatvarietiesinthesizeandcolorofitsflower.Theinhabitantsoftheportareoccupiedmainlywithfishery.Inagustofuncontrollableangerhebrokethepictureinpieces.Shetriedtoingratiateherselfwiththeteacherbyofferingsomepreciousgifts.Thereasonwhywelostthewarwasnotjustbecauseofashortageofmunitions.Thewretchedslavesprostratedthemselvesbeforetheirmaster.Thecampfiresmolderedforseveralhoursaftertheblazedieddown.Thehailbeataloudtatooonthewindowpane.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第23/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Inademocraticsystemitisthepeoplethatwieldthepower.Inhisletterhealludedmetoamatterwhich1hadcompletelyforgotten.Achiselandahammerareindispensabletoolsforasculptor.Malcricketsmakeachirpingnoisebyrubbingtheirfrontwingstogether.Aswesteppedintothebush,birdsflittedfromtreetotree.Itwasratherhigh-handedtopunishthechildfortheaccident.Thechildlaggedbehindothersbecausehewasverytired.Younaughtyboy!Itoldyounottoplayontheroad.蚀usedtoheartherattleofthemilkbottlesintheearlymorning.Sootiscausedbyincompleteburningandmakessmokedark.TheOhioRiverisoneofthetributariesoftheMississippiRiver.Theworkmenmendedtheroad,butaheavystormundidtheirwork.Thechildrenbegantoundothestringroundtheparceltoseewhatwasinit.Theriderbelaboredhistiredhorsewithastick.Afterdinnertheywalkedaroundthecircumferenceofthelake.Incaseoffailureofdirectdescendants,thethronedevolvesuponthenearestprince. 63Don'tfrettoomuch,everythingwillbeallright.Thewildgeesehonkedhighintheautumnsky.Thegovernmentdecidedtolevyataxontobacco,ithadbeenfreefromtax.Thenewruleoverridesallthepreviousones.Thescatteredsoldierswereralliedinthevaleforthenextattack.Manypeoplesprawledonthebeachintheirbathingsuits.Theoldmantrudgedthroughthedeepsnowbacktowardshome.Lesson19Thesoldierslayinambush,waitingforthesignaltoopenfire.Themajorambushedhistroopsinthewoodsonbothsidesoftheroad.Heisalwaysbraggingaboutwhathecandowithacar.Besurethatyoucleansethewoundbeforebandagingit.TheprofessorwilldeliveradiscourseonthepoeticstyleofJohnKeats.InWorldWarIIthegeneralmadeitapointofpridetodighisownfoxhole.Theinflammationofhiskneemadeitdifficultforhimtowalk.Thehugestoneissoheavythatwecannotmoveitwithoutalever.InarithmeticweusetheArabicnotation(1,2,3.andsoon)orsometimestheRomannotation(I,II,III,andsoon)Alargeransomwasaskedforthesafereturnofthechild.Hesoppedapieceofbreadinmilk:itwastoocrisptoeat.Hischeektingledfromtheslapshehadgivenhim.Alargepercentageofthebudgetisfbrarmaments.OnSundayshegetsuplateinthemorningandhasabruncharound10:30.Hiscoffinwaslaidtorestinadeepgrave.Themotherenvisionedherlittlegirlasaprimaballerina.ht【p:〃www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29(第24/32页)2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thegangsterwhohadtakenpartintherobberywasarrestedbythepolice.Theinkhadfadedsothatmanywordswereillegible.Therebellionwasstartedbysomemalcontentswhohadbeendissatisfiedwiththepolicy.Wewilltakearestinthepavilionuntilthegamestarts.Theprisonersescapedoutofthejailundertheshroudofnight.Theroomsoonfilledwiththewaterspurtingfromthebrokenpipe.Heputvarnishonthetabletoptoprotectit,butsomebodyhasscratchedit.Manyoldballadsaresungtonewwords.Thebuttofpipestuckoutfromthewallwherethesinkhadbeenremoved.Thegoatbuttedtheboyandknockedhimdown.Youwillhavetocalltheconsulbeforeyourpassportisexpired.Memoriesofhappierdayswereenshrinedintheoldman'sheart.Hegobbledtheicecreamsofastthathegotaheadache.蚀hadtolistentoalongharangueaboutourownshortcomings.Hespentthewholeafternoonmowingthegrassinthebackyard.IntheMiddleAges,manypeopleusedtogoaspilgrimstoJerusalemandtootherholyplacesinEurope.Theformersshearedthewoolfromthesheep.Hestrangledhertodeathbyacordputaroundherneck.Thekernelofthewalnutiseatenbyitselforusedincakesorcookies.Beaversarenotedfbrtheirsillinbuildingdamsacrossstreams.Thecavalryismanysuperiorsinmobilitytotheinfantry.Thefloorcreakedashesteppedonalooseboard.Thefirremainsgreenallyearanditsneedlesaredistributedevenlyaroundthebranch.Duringtheheavystorm,airplanesshouldbekeptinthehangar.Thekerneloftheargumentiswhodiscoveredtheislandsfirst.Whatseemstobeacoldoftenturnsouttobethebeginningofmeasles.Withahugepufftheballoonwasblownupandthensuddenlyburst. 64Sleetformswhenrainfallsthroughalayerofcoldair.Awoman,aftermarriage,usuallydropshersurnameandtakesthatofherhusband.Womanoftenwearswigsovertheirrealhairforbeautyoffashion.Bleachedboneslayonthehotsandsofthedesert.Chariotswereusedinancienttimesforfighting,racing,andinprocessions.Hehasbeencrippledsincehebrokehisleg.Nowhecan'twalkwithoutapairofcrutches.Sheflirtedwithmanymenbutlovedonlyone.Theywereverypleasedtoseesomegullsflyinginthesky,fullofhopethattheywouldsoongetashore.WhenIboughtanewcar,akitoftoolscamewithit.Thehungrychildrendidnotleaveamorseloffoodontheirplates.Thestrangemechanicaldeviceistheprototypeofmoderncars.Theysetasnareforrabbitsonthehill,butunfortunatelyawildcatwascaughtbyit.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第25/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Whenyousqueezethetrigger,aroundorroundsofammunitionarefired.Whentheburglartrippedthewireittriggeredanalarm.Theweiracrosstheriverstopsorcontrolstheflowoftheriveraboveit.Lesson20Thestudentshaveaccesstothelibraryonlyintheafternoon.Lastyearwehadseveralfloods,wehadanexcessofrain.LongageEskimoslearnedhowtoadapttothecoldtoliveintheArcticRegion.Theclubadoptedanewsetofrulesconcerningitsmembership.Hisadversecriticismdidn'tupsetme,butencouragedme.Myparentsareaversetoourpicnicplan:theydon'tapproveofit.Thegovernmentdecisionswhethertocontinuetheprojectwillaffectthefutureofournationaleconomy.Ihavewarnedhimtodriveslowlyseveraltimes,butitdoesn'thaveanyeffectatall.Thenewsecretaryissincereandquitewithoutaffectation.Hisgentlenessandkindwaysincreasedhiscolleagues'affectionforhim.ThepreacherlikestomakeanallusiontoHomerwhilepreaching.Thewhitewallscreatetheillusionthattheroomisverylarge.Mybirthdaypartyisthebiggestannualeventofmyfamily.Thejudgeannulledthecontractbecauseoneofthesignerswastooyoung.Thecoupleappraisedthehousecarefullybeforeofferingtobuyit.Theclubmemberswereimmediatelyapprisedofhischangeofplans.Wfeshouldtrytosettlethematterbyargument,notbyfighting.Thekingaugmentedhisporebytakingoverrightsthathadbelongedtothenobles.Themanassuredhimselfthatthebridgewassafebeforecrossingit.Heinsuredhiscaragainstaccident,theft,andfire.Don'tforgettocheckyourworktoinsureitsaccuracy.Thedoctortiedupthepatient'sbrokenanklewithabandage.Theyseemtolovebondagemorethanliberty.Packthebooksinasmallcartontocarryiteasily.PoliticalcartoonsoftenrepresenttheU.S.asatallmanwithchinwhiskers,calledUncleSam.Thenovelwasbannedbythecensoraslikelytostirupsuspicionofthegovernmentamongthereaders.Everydictatorcensorsthenewspapersinhiscountry.Theprincipaloftheschoolcensuredthestudentsfbrtheirrudebehavior.Manypeoplewerekilledinthecollisionbetweenthebusandthecar.Theleadersofthecollusionagainstthegovernmentwerecaughtandpunished.1haveonlyoneconfidanttowhomIcantellmysecrets.Thedoctorfeltconfidentthathispatientwouldrecoverfrompneumonia.IamSwedish.IsthereaSwedishconsulinOmaha?Thecouncilofministersadvisedthekingtodismissthegeneral.Theyoungmanrefusedtolistento(heoldman'scounsel. 65Themurdersuspectrefusedtoanswerthequestionsontheadviceofhiscounsel.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29(第26/32页)2009-1-21上午03:01:03TheHopkinsesrunthebiggestdairyfarminthestateofArizona.Itisveryrewardingtokeepadiaryofdailyhappenings.Uponhisdeceaseallhispropertiespassedtohiswife.Measlesandchickenpoxaretwodiseasesofchildhood.Itisnotdecenttolaughatacrippledperson.Theroadmakesasharpdescentjustaroundthecomer.ThethreejusticesdissentedfromtheSupremeCourt'sdecision.Dissentamongtheseniormemberswasthemaincauseofthedisintegrationoftheclub.Lesson21Lawrencerodeacamelacross(hedesertonanexploringexpedi(ion.Hehadimended(odeserthiswifeandchildren,butchangedhismind.Strawberrypieisoneofmymostfavoritedesserts.Manystudentsknowhowtodisassembletheradio,butfewknowhowtoputittogether.Shetriedtodissembleherangerwithasmileonherface.I'vemadeafirstdraughtofmyspeechforFriday,butitstillneedsalotofwork.Thelongdroughthaskilledmostofthecropsinthefields.Sheknowsalotofeligibleyoungmenwhoareallrichandattractive.Theinkhadfadedsothatmanywordswereillegible.Washingtonwaseminentbothasgeneralandaspresident.ThescientistpredictedthatanearthquakewasimminentinTokyoarea.ThemembersexaltedMr.Smithwhentheyelectedhimpresidentoftheassociation.AllthepeopleexultedtofindthatournationalteamwonthegoldmedalintheInternationalBasketballTournament.Thetrapmadeofanoldtincanandsomewireisaningeniousdevice.Theingenuouspersonhadneverthoughtofbeingsuspiciousofwhatotherstoldhim.Whenmylittlebrotherseesmotherholdingthenewbaby,hebecomesjealous.Theclerkinthetoysectionofthedepartmentseemsveryzealousinpleasingthecustomers.ThedressthatMissLeewaswearingatthepartywasmadeofsyntheticmaterial.ThestatesmansaidtheIronCurtaincountrieshadvastresourcesinmanpowerandmateriel.GeorgeWashingtonisknowntobeamoralandjustman.Iamsurethatwewillwinthebattle,themoraleofourtroopsisveryhigh.FreedomofreligiousworshipwasguaranteedtoallsettlersintheNorthwestTerritorybytheordinanceof1787.ThepirateshipsintheWestIndieswerearmedwithheavyordnance.Theministerworkedveryhardtomaketheroundsofhisparishandvisitthehomesofthesick.Theysaidthatthisflowerwouldnotperishevenwhenfrostcomes.Thepolicestilldon'tknowwhoperpetratedthemurderofthehousewife.Thismonumentwasbuilttoperpetuatethememoryofthenationalhero.Manypsychologistsareinclinedtoattributetheformationofpersonalityentirelytotheoperationoftheculturalandphysicalenvironment.Thalcarishispersonalyusingitwithouthispermissionisillegal.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第27/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Blessedarethosewhoarepersecutedforrighteousness'sake.Theengineerofthewreckedtrainwasprosecutedforcriminalnegligence.Heprosecutedaninquiryintoreasonsforthecompany'sfailure.Theauthortakeshisportabletypewriterwhereverhegoes.Theysetuppurifyingsystemsindozensofplaceswherethewaterwasnotpotable.Goodcitizensalwaysdowhatthelawsprescribe.Thedoctorprescribedanewmedicineforthepaininmyjoints.Inearlierdays,thechurchproscribeddancingandcardplaying.Slaughteranddestructionareterriblerealitiesofwar.HisrealtyincludesabigmansionandseveralbuildingsinTaipei. 66NearlyeverycityintheUnitedStateshasastatueofsomefamousman.Amansixfeettallisaboveaveragestatureinthispartoftheworld.Myfamilyisgoingtohaveashortvacationontheeastcoast.Youwillnotmakeagoodteacher.unlessyoufeeltechingisyourvocation.Lesson22MywifeisanalumnaofNationalTaiwanUniversity.PresidentKennedywasanalumnusofHarvardUniversity.MysonandmydaughterarebothalumniofOhioStateUniversity.Catsareamoral.theycan'tbecensuredforkillingbirds.Lyingandstealingareconsideredimmoralconductsineveryhumansociety.Mostscientistsbelievetheirresearchtobeunmoral,nomatterwhattheresultswillbe.StampcollectingaswellasfishingisMr.Evan'sfavoriteavocation.BookkeepingisMr.Jones'vocation,andphotographyishisavocation.Ourschooldoctorrecommendsbiannualvisittothedentist.Iamgoingtothedentist'sforthesecondtimethisyear.Thesophomoresandseniorsaretakingthebiennialexamthisafternoon.Heisreplacingthebrokenchordofhisviolin.Hehadtiedthepackagewithacordbeforehetookittothepostoffice.Heclenchedhisteethtoendurethepainofthewoundsufferedfromtheaccident.Byclinchingnailsoverthecanvastheyheldthetomsailtothemast.ForfiftyyearsormoretheclimateoftheArctichasbeenwarmingupgradually.TheweatherwillbeveryhotandhumidinKaohsiungtoday.Wecomparedtwobookstoseewhichonehadthebetterillustrations.Shecontrastedherpresetnlifeofluxurywiththepovertyofherchildhood.Thewords“snake"and"red"haveunpleasantconnotationsformanypeople.Thedenotationoftheword"home"is"placewhereonelives,'tbutithasmanyconnotations.CheatingonatestisconsideredoneofthemostcontemptibleactsintheMilitaryAcademy.Therichmaniscontemptuousofmyhumblehomeandpoorsurroundings.Weexperiencedacontinualseriesofhotspellslastsummer.Onholidays,wecanseeacontinuouslineofcarsonhighways.Ithardlyseemscrediblethatyoursonhasgrownsotallinoneyear.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第28/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Onlyacredulouspersonwouldfallforthatoldtrick.Anumpiremustbeanentirelydisinterestedbutkeenobserver.Theaudienceyawnedandseemeduninterestedinthepolitician'sspeech.Theofficewhereeverythinghadworkedsosmoothly,becamecompletelydisorganizedafterMrLevineresigned.Formaunion,anunorganizedmobcanaccomplishnothingbutchaos.Awell-balanceddietismadeupofdiversfoods.Agreatmanydiverseopinionswereex国essedatthemeeting.butnonewasworthwhile.Thetrainingairplanehasdualcontrols,oensetforthelearnerandonefbrtheteacher.Theopposingtwolawyersfoughtadueltosettletheirdifferences.Johnissuchanegoistthatheonlycaresabouthimself.Marianissuchanegotistthatshetalksaboutherselfallthetime.Aftertheshower,thesunemergedfrombehindtheclouds.Heimmergedhisachingfeetinabucketofhotwater.Itisexpectedthatthetotalnumberofemigrantsfromthiscountrywillreach20000thisyear.Californiahasseveralthousandsofimmigrantsfromotherstates.Lesson2Thejudgeabsolvedthemanofthecrime.Theumpireshouldhavenobiasinfavorofeitherside.Ourbaseballteamiscontendingforthechampionship.Wedeploretheterribletrafficaccidentinwhich30personswerekilledand50injured.Theboyfellfromatreeandsufferedfracturesofhisrightarmandleg. 67AcrowdofgreatmagnitudeattendedthePresident'sinauguration.Thepithofhisspeechwasfocusedontheimportanceofeducation.Ihavenorelishfbrseeingpeoplebeingwhipped.Tryingnottobeseen,theyquietlysneakedintotheroom.Themessengerbroughttidingsfromthebattlefield.Manypeoplewouldbeaghstatthethoughtofanotherwar.Weshallnotcumberourthoughtwithhisreproaches.Thecitygovernmentdecreedthatalldogsmustbelicensed.Thechildrenwerefrolicingwiththepuppyinthebackyard.TherewasmuchcommercialintercoursebetweenthetwocountriesbeforeX^brldWarII.Indryweatherforestfiresareagreatmenace.Iwasstandingontheveryedgeofabank,aprecipicenotlessthanfiftyfeetdeep.Thechurchisgenerallyconsideredasasanctuary.Afteralightspringrainjeavesbegantosproutfromtrees.Shetrodlightlyinordernottowakethesleepingbaby.Thesoldiersstillhadtheirgunsbuttheywereoutofammunition.Adotingmotheralienatesherhusbandbylavishingtoomuchloveontheirchild.Theartistwssoengrossedinhispintingthathedidn'tnotivethepeoplewatchinghim.Ifyougotadeepcutinyourarm,there'susuallyagushofblood.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第29/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thedeepriverwasaninsuperablebarriertothosewhocouldnotswim.Herlifehasbeenfullofordeals.sickness.povertyandlossofherbelovedson.Hekepthistobaccoinaleatherpouchfastenedtothebelt.Thebrakesscreechedandthecarsuddenlystoppedwithajerk.Amanwhoissixfeettall!isbovetheaveragestatureinChina.ThePresident'senemiesarespreadingillrumorstounderminehisauthority.Thehouseisunsafesincethefoundationswereunderminedbyfloods.Damagesfromlastweek'sfloodhavebeenassessedat$50000.Thechildrensearchedeachandeverychamberofthehouseforthecat.TheCongressoftheUnitedStateshastwoHouseofRepresentatives.Nowthatsheisrich,shedisdainstospeaktoheroldfriends.OnedayRobinsonCrusoeespiedafootprintonthesand.Thebeautifulglossycoatofthecatshoneasitlayinsunlight.Thejanitorsweptthefloorsandlockedupthebuildingeverynight.Sheboughtapacketofenvelopsatthestationerystore.TheeloquentandomatecarvingonachurchpulpitwasdonebyIndianhands.Themeatwasblackandscorchedoutsidebutstillrawinside.Thegrassisscorchedbysomuchhotsunshineinsummer.Theshipsurgedinthestormyseas.rollingandpitchingwitheachwave.Pots.pansandkettlesareusefulkitchenutensils.Whenthesoldiersranoutofammunition,theyfixedbayonetstotheirrifles.Compassionfortheorphanscausedhimtogivemoneyfortheirsupport.Lazyboyssometimesaredetainedatschooltodoextraworkafterordinarylessonsarefinished.Thepolicedetainedthesuspectedthiefformorequestioning.Afactioninourclubtriedtomakethepresidentresign.Thediamondshoenwitheveryhueunderthebrightsun.Hepolishedthemetaluntilithadaflneluster.Thedeedsorheroesaddlustertoanation'shistory.Heperseveredinhisstudyuntilhesucceded.Becauseofhishighfever.thesickmanravedallnight.Heintendedtoslayhisfatheer'smurderer.Thedoctortoldhertotakethreetabletsaday. 68Nowadaysanactresswithvoluptuousbeautyseemstobemorepopularthantheonewithintelligentlook.Lesson3Theonlyaccesstothefarmhouseisacrossthericefields.Onlyhighofficialshadaccesstotheemperor.Theguideforvisitorsbeckonedustofollowhim.Iconcurwiththespeakerincondemningeverycriminal.Thissummertwoweeksofrainconcurredwithourvacation.Hewasdenouncedasacowardandtraitor.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第30/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thefirstblowmakestheanger.butthesecondmakesthefray.Longwearhadfrayedthecollarandcuffsofhisoldshirts.Heavyclothinghamperedthemovementsoftheclimbers.Cancerandtuberculosisareseriousmaladiesineverycountry.Theoldmanwasploddingwearilyalongthebankoftheriver.Sincethefactorymovedjhistownhasonlyaremnatofitsformerpopulation.Thechildwithacoldinhisnosesnoredallnight.Bloodtingedthewaterashewashedhiswound.Itwasnecessaryforthemtohaveremediesfortheirailments.Thechildrenarebickeringwitheachotheraboutwhoisthetallestamongthem.Theinventorcontrivedanewkindofenginewithfewermovingparts.Thebrightlightofthemotorcaronthedarkcountryroaddazzledmyeyres.Shefumbledaboutinherhandbagforapentowriteamemorandum.Poorfoodandhardworkimpairedherhealthandshebecamethin.Theparentsweremortifiedbytheirchildren'sbadbehaviorbeforetheguests.TheUnitedStatesbecamethepredominatnationintheWesternHemisphere.Heworkedtoimprovethesanitarycondtionsofslums.Healwayskeepsalotofmoneyinhiswallet.Doyouconsiderthewildbehaviorofthecrowdwasenoughofawarrantforthepolicetouseforce?Thefordfoundationallocatedmillionjsofdollarsforcancerresearch.Thebrawlinthestreetcouldbeheardinthehousenearby.Theboysmadeseveralcynicalremarksjtocoveruptheirdisappointmentatbeingleftoutoftheplay.Sheembellishedthesimpledresswithcolorfullacesandribbons.Thedefenceofthealamowasaheroicactionofgallantmen.Heimmersedhisachingfeetinabucketofcoldwater.Herodehisnewbicycleupanddowninfrontofourhouseinanostentatiousway.Soapyfollowedthemanwithapresentimentthatluckwouldagainmnagainsthim.Shewassosatiatedwithbananasthaalshewouldnotevenlookatone.Thefieldofwheatwasundulatinginthebreeze.Ashopsellingwoman'sapparelisatthecomerofthestreet.Hecajoledhisfridendsintodecidinginhisfavor.Youcandiscardyouroldcoalbutnotyouroldfriends.Duringthemiddleages,Greekcivilizationdeclinedandbecameeffete.ShehashadagrudgeagainstmeeversinceIdisagreedwithher.Fourmenkidnappedthelittlegirl,buthepolicesooncaughtthemandrescuedthegirl.Thereissomehopethatapeacepactwillbesignedbetweenthetwocountries.shepriestooocloselyitnotheprivatelifeofherfriends.Menscouredthewholdcoundtrylookingforthelostchild.Theservantscouredthefryingopanuntilitshonelikesilver.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第31/32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Heswaggereddownthestreetafterwinnignthefight.Thebuildingofthishouseintheshapeofthetemplewasarichman'svagary. 69Abilitytogetalongwithpeopleisanassetinbusineess.Therewasadeepopoliticalchasmbetweenthetwocountrieswhichnearlyledtoawar.ThecitiesofGreeceandAsiaweredespoiledoftheirmostvaluableornaments.Ibecameangrywiththelittleboyathisfacetiousremarks.Thewingoftheairplancecameoffandthemachinehurtledtotheground.Hewantedtobeacusedoflarceny,becausehefeltcomfortableinprison.Hesworkedsohardthatthewearinesspervadedhiswholebody.Thoughhewastorturedtomakehimchangehisreligiontheprisonerwouldnotrecant.Helefthisaffairsinacompleteshambleswhenhedied.Eatinghumanfleshisatabooincivilizedcountries.Heworeallthetrappingsofhighoffice.Lesson4Whenthekingabdicatedhisthrone,hisbrothersucceededhim.Abilitytothinkclearlywillaccruetoyoufromgoodhabitsofstudy.Thesalesmanhasbeenbadgeringmyfatherfortwoweekstobuyanewcar.Theysucceededinbafflingtheenemy'sattackplans.Heconjecturedthathisnewstockswouldriseonehstockmarket.Thepoorwoman'smindhasbeenderangedformanyyears.Thenativesthoughttheexplorerwaspossessedbyafiend.10天记住10000单词（2）请输入关键字减小字体增大字体Themotherwaspiningtoseehersonanddaughter.Thegasalmostsmotheredthecoalminersbuttheygotoutintime.Thelongclimbupthemountainmadeherheartthrobrapidly.Manypeopleusuallydrinkhotbrothwhentheyaresick.Sometinyplantsgrowinthecreviceofthestonewall.Theduke'ssondemeanedhimselfbydoingmanualbaborwithhisservants.Utefosteredtheyounggirlwhilehermotherwasinhospital.Ourcountryhasprosperedbyvariousincentivesystems.Aguideledusthroughthemazeoftunnelsinthecave.Sheporedoverthepicturebookinsilenceenjoyingthevariouscolors.Likehumanskin,soilhasholesthatarecalledpore.PickuptherubbishandthrowitinthegarbageanWedon'tneedtospeculateaboutthepossiblewinnerinthegame.Sweetmusiccaughtandheldhimtransfixedaainsttheironfence.Abirdthatcannotflyisananomaly.Ifyoulookattheendofyournose.youreyesconverge.Nehaveaduplicatekeytothefrontdoor.Therewerefewpeacefulepochesinthehistoryofourcountry.Hungerandsufferingfromcoldhadmadethelosthikersgaunt.Theincessantbarkingofthedogkepthimawakethroughthenight.Thoughtheteacheraskedasimplequestionaboutherparents.thelittlegirlstoodmutewithembarrassment.HewasapassiontepartisanofthesepeopleandhadorganizedaWorker'sUnion.Theparentsofthesickboyscannedthedoctor'sfaceforasignofhope.Shescannedthenewspaperinafewminutes.Hestabbedapieceofmeatfromtheplatewithhisfork.1triedtocookanicedinner,butI'mafraidI'veratherbotchedit.Hernewshoeschaiedtheskinonbothherfeet.Afterabriskmoringwidndissipatertheclouds,theskywasclearallday. 70Thefoolishsondissipatedhisfater'sfortumbyspendingitondrinkingandgambling.Theinscriptionsontheancientmonumentshavebeeneffacedbytime.Therewasaglintinhereyesthatshowedshewasangry.Overtimeworkisoftenonerous.thoughitiswellpaid.Thegirldidnotmovethoughthepolicemaniteratedhiscommandhatshego.Mostboyshaveapropensityofplayingwithmachinery.Mothersingedchickentogetridofhairs.Thelittleboyputonhisfather'smedalsandstruttedaroundtheroom.Therearemanykindsofdiseasesthatmedicalscienceisyetotunravel.Hebellowedinpainwhenthehammercamedownonhisfinger.Thehorsebackriderdrewhiscloaktightlyaroundhimintherain.Hisfriendlybehaviorwasacloakforhisevilintention.TheministrywasavverydevoutmananddevotedhiswholdlifetoChristianmissionwork.Amanappearedatthecastlegateintheguiseofthewoodcutter.Thepowerofagrainofwheattogrowintoaplantremainslatentifitisnotplanted.Hepawnedhiswatchtobyuyfooduntilhecouldgetajob.Whenthecannonwasfiredtheearthquakedunderhisfeet.Faminehasoftenbeenthesequelofwar.Aftertheshipsank,salvageofitsargowasimpossible.Thebattlewaswonwithsogreatalossofsoldiersthatitwasavirtualdefeat.Hedoesthingsthataremarvellousorapparentlyimpossible.heisawizard.Vocabulary22000ImaginationRadiatingMethodSkillYoungBenfranklinlearnedtheprintingtradebyservingasanapprentivetohishalfbrotherJames.Ericisclumsywithtools^iehaslittlemechanicalaptitude.Tobuildahouse,youneedtheservic3sofcarpenters,bricklayers.plumbers.electricians.andseveralothercraftsmen.Youcan'texpectanapprenticetohavethesamedexterityasamastercraftsman.Ouradroitpassingenabledustoscorefourtouchdowns.Jackisanambidextroushitter;hecanbatright-handedorleft-handed.LeonardodaVinciwasremarkablyversatile.Hewasapainter,sculptor,architect,musician,engineerandscientist.PovertyByhardworkmanyAmericanshaveraisedthemselvesfromindigencetowealth.Housewivescaneconomizebybuyingtheirmilkingalloncontainers.Theincreaseinduesisonly1()cents.Itwillnotimpoverishanymemer.Thesevereearthquakekilledhundredsofpeopleandleftthousandsdestitute.Theoldmanhadnothingtoeatbutbreadandcheese:yetheofferedtosharethisfrugalmealwithhisvisitor.Anallowanceof$200aweekforlunchesandfaresisn'tmuch.bulyoucangelbyonitifyouarefrugal.蚀althPeoplewhosufferfromavaricespendmuchlessandsavemuchmorethantheyshould.Withhiswife'sdowry,theyoungattorneywasabletoopenalawoffice.Toownanexpensivehome,ayacht,andalimousine,youhavetobeamanofmeans.DickenscontraststheopulenceofFrance'snobilitywiththeindigenceofherpeasants.Petercovetedhisneighbor'sfarmbutcouldnotgelherlosellit.Ifyourbrotherpaid$400forthatcar.hewasfleeced.themechanicsaysitisworth$150.Tomhadareputationasamiserwhohoardedeverypennyhecouldgethishandson.Thenewwingtothehospitalwasmadepossiblebyagiftof$500000fromanaffluentcontributor.Peoplewhokeepspendingmorethantheyeamusuallygetintofinancialdifficulties.Theyoungheirwaswarnedthathewouldsoonhavenothingleftifhecontinuedtobelavishwithmoney.Vera'scompositionisgood.butitdoesn'tdeservethelavishpraisethatLindagaveit. 71lbrunarestaurantisalucrativebusiness.FearAheroriskshislifetohelpothers;acravenrunsfromthescene.IthoughtCarolwouldbenervouswhenshemadeherspeech,butshedelivereditwithouttrepidation.Bravemendefytyrants,insteadofcoweringbeforethem.TheyoungerboyswouldnothavegivenuptheplayingHeldsoquicklyiftheolderboyshadn'tintimidatedthem.Severalapprehensiveparentstelephonedtheschoolwhenthechildrenwerelateingettinghomefromthemuseumtrip.Itwasdastardlyofthecaptaintodesertthesinkingvesselandleavethepassengerstofendforthemselves.Iftheotherteamchallengesus,weshouldaccept.Let'snotbesotimid.CourageRobertE.PearywonworldwidefameforhisexploitsasanArcticexplorer.Thecaptainshowedremarkablefortitudeincontinuingtoleadhismendespiteapainfulwound.Riskingseriousinjury.theoutfieldermadeanaudaciousleapagainsttheconcretewallandcaughtthepowerfullyhitball.Afterwehadwaitedforabouttwentyminutes.anaudaciousfreshmancamealongandtriedtogetinattheheadofourline.ConcealmentInspectorJavertdiscoveredthatJohnSmithwasnotthemayor'srealnamebutanaliasforJeanValjean,theex-convict.JeanValjean,aliasJohnSmith,wasarrestedbyInspectorJavert.Ihavereadthefirsthomeworkproblemseveraltimesbutcan'tunderstandit.Maybeyoucanhelpmewiththisenigma.GeneralBraddock'stroops.marchingincolumns.wereeasytargetsfortheIndianslurkingbehindtrees.Tofindaquietplacetostudy,brucehadtosecludehimselfintheattic.BeforetheRevolutionaryWar.anundergroundorganization.knowastheSonsofLiberty,uasedtoholdclandestinemeetingsBoston.Agoodeducationwillelpyoudiscoveranddevelopyourlatenttalents.Theburglarmusthavebeenverystealthyifhewasabletogetpastthetwowatchmenwithoutbeingnoticed.Disclosurehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第3/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thewhiteflagofsurrenderisanavowalofdefeat.ThemagazinehasappriseditsreadersofanincreaseinratesbeginningJanuaryI.ItoldmysecretonlytoMargaretbecauseIknewshewouldnotdivulgeit.Byquestioningthewitness.theattorneyelicitedthefactthatitwasrainingatthetimeoftheaccident.Thenewstudentwasgoinginthewrongdirectionuntilsomeoneenlightenedhimthathisroomisattheotherendofthehall.MyartteachertoldmyparentsthatIhavefailedtomanifestanyinterestinhersubject.Itisnowmanifestthat,ifIdonotdomywork,Iwillfailthecourse.Theteacherdidn'tbelievethatNedwasannoyingmeuntilshesawhimintheovertactofpullingmyhair.AgreementThoughweareinaccordonwhatourgoalsshouldbe.wedifferonthemeansforachievingthem.ThestatesborderingontheDelawareRiverhaveenteredintoacompactforthesharingofitswater.Atfirst,theunionandmanagementwerefarapartonwages,buttheyfinallycametoacompromise.WhenIaskedmyEnglishteacherifImightchangemytopic,hereadilyaccededtomyrequest.Whenanewstyleinclothesappears.womenusuallyhatentoconform.TherankofsecondlieutenantintheArmycorrespondstothatofensignintheNavy.Gilbert'sskillasawriterdovetailedSullivan'stalentasacomposer.resultinginthefamousGilbertandSullivanoperattas.Afterourquarrel.mybrotherand1refusedtotalktoeachotheruntilMotherreconciledus.Themayorhasbannedalllawnsprinklingbecauseofthewatershortage.However,ifthereservoirsfillup,hemayrelentsomewhat.MissEvansknowsthatArthurandIcan'tbeonthesamecommittee.Wfrenotcompatible.Bybringingupanunrelatedmatteryouarenotbeingconsistentwithyourpreviousstatementthatweshouldsticktothetopic.DisagreementTheteacherhaltedthealtercationbyseparatingthetwoopponentsbeforetheycouldcometoblows.Ourpartyhopestorepairthecleavageinitsrankssothatitmaypresentaunitedfrontinthecomingelections.BillybuddputanendtothediscordaboardtheRIGHTS-OF-MAN.Hewasanexcellentpeacemaker.Eightystudentscametothedancebutonlyseventy-fburticketswerecollectedatthedoor.Canyouaccountforthisdiscrepancy? 72Atthebudgethearing,therewasconsiderablefrictionbetweenthesupportersandtheopponentsofhighertaxes.Somebusinessdisputescanbesettledoutofcourt;othersrequirelitigation.Theofficialantagonizedtheleaderofhisownpartybyaccusinghimofcowardice.Thevoteapprovingtheamendmentwasfarfromunanimouszsixmembersdissented.Motoristswhodisregardtrafficregulationseventuallybecomeembroiledwiththelaw.Aquarreloveraninheritanceestrangedthebrothersformanyyears.WhenIleft.twoneighborswerequarrelingnoisily.WhenIreturnedanhourlater,theywerestillwrangling.Itisdoubtfulwhetheranyonecanmakepeacebetweentheestrangedpartners;theyhavebecoemirreconcilable.Cynthiaisanindependentthinker.Heropinionsareoftenatvariancewiththoseoftherestoftheclass.Eatinghttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第4/29页）2009-I-21上午03:01:52Thereisashelfinourkitchenforpepper,salt.mustard.catsupandothercondiments.IhadasecondhelpingandwouldhavetakenathirdexceptthatIdidn'twanttobeconsideredaglutton.Thehikesweresohungrythattheydevouredthehamburgersasfastastheywereserved.Onasultryafternoonyoumayfindalonglineofpeopleatthedrinkingfountain,waitingtoslaketheirthirst.Nevereatwildmushrooms.eventhoughtheylookedible.Theymaybepoisonous.Thewatermelonwasveryluscious.Everyonewantedanotherslice.Themaindishhadlittleflavor,butImadeitpalatablebyaddingcondiments.Thesteakwillbedryifyouleaveitintheovenlonger.Takeitournowifyouwantittobesucculent.Johnwouldnotbeoverweightifhewerenotsuchavoraciouseater.Size/QuantityAfterthetestIthoughtatfirstIhaddoneverywell,thenquitewell,andfinally.poorly.Iranthegamutfromconfidencetodespair.Ifyoumakethesamemistakeagain.despiteallmywarnings.Iwillnothaeoneiotaofsympathyforyou.Shoppingforclothescanbeasmallmatterforsome.butaproblemofthegreatestmagnitudeforothers.Atthoselowwages,fewwillapplyforthejob.Whowantstoworkforapittance?Ourcommitteedoesn,tneedanymorehelp.Wehavesuperabundanceofhelpers.Sincethefootballhaslostair.weshallneedapumptoinflateit.Thegamewillbeplayedinacolossalarenawithaseatingcapacityofmorethan60.000.Evenduringchangeofclassesthereisnocrowdingbecausethehallsandstairwaysarecommodious.Inoursciencelessontomorrowweshallconsiderwhetherspaceisboundedorinfinite.Ifthereisanysaltinthissoup.itmustbeinfinitesimal.Ican'ttasteit.FrankkeptmybookforsuchaninordinatelengthoftimethatIshallneverlendhimanythingagain.Thetroublewithyourstudyingisthatyouspendtoomuchtimeonpicayunedetailsandnotenoughonthereallyimportantmatters.Theskyscraperdwarfsthesurroundingbuildings.bycomparisontoit.theyseempuny.WeaknessButhesoonovercamethisinfirmity.Thepatienthadbeensodebilitatedbythefeverthathelackedthestrengthtositup.Evervatedbytheheat.werestedunderashadytreeuntilourstrengthwasrestored.Ruthwillbeabsenttoday.Sheisincapacitatedbyasorethroat.Whenindustrymovesaway,aflourishingtownmayquicklybecomedecadent.Billrodepastthestreetonahorsethatlookeddecrepitandabouttocollapse.Uptheroadwasanabandonedfarmhouse.partiallyinruins,andnearitabam,evenmoredilapidated.JudyunderstandsalgebrawellbutIhaveonlyaflimsygraspofthesubject.lbbeanastronaut,youmustbeinrobuthealth.Itisnotanoccupationforafrailperson.StrengthForcenturiestheBritishregardedtheirnavyastheirprincipalbulwarkagainstinvasion.ThefortifiedcityofSingaporewasonceconsideredunconquerable.In1942.however,thiscitadelfelltotheJapanese.IambetterthanJackinEnglishbutnotinmath;thatishisforte.Therobustyoungpitcherperformedwithhisusualvigorforseveninnings,butheweakenedintheeighthandwasremovedhttp:〃www.bfsunt.cn/artic同 73show.asp?id=30（第5/29页）2009」・2I上午03:01:52fromthegame.Ifyoufeelenervatedbytheheat.tryaswiminthecoolocean.Itwillinvigorateyou.Excusesfornothandingworkinontimevary.Someareflimsy,as,forexample,''!leftitathome.''Othersaremorecogent,suchasaphysician'snote.IfyouelectJessica,youmaybesureshewillpresentourviewsforcefullyandenergetically.Sheisaverydynamicspeaker.Ourhopesforaneasyvictorysankwhenouropponentstookthefield.Theyweremuchtallerandhuskier,andtheylookedformidable.BeforeWorldWarIl.theFrenchregardedtheirMaginotLineasanimpregnablebulwarkagainstaGermaninvasion.Thelifeguardwasinexcellentphysicalcondition.!hadneverseenanyonemorerobust.Afterthedoggottheball,Itriedtodislodgeitfromhertenaciousjaws.butIcouldn't.Yourprotestwastoomild.Ifithadbeenmorevehement,thedealermighthavepaidattentiontoit.NeglectTheroyalsmustbeontheplayingfieldby4p.m.iftheydonotappear.theywilllosethegamebydefault.ThefinancecompanytookawayMr.Lee'scarwhenhedefaultedon（hepayments.Themotoristwasgivenaticketforignoringastopsign.Someofthestudentsintheplayneglectedtheirstudiesduringrehearsals,butaftertheperformancetheycaughtupquickly.Forleavinghispost.theguardwaschargedwithneglectofduty.Beforehisinjury.Mikeusedtojumpfromthestairs.heedlessofthe"NoJumping''sign.Nowhepaysattentiontoit.Unfortunately.ImadeaninadvertentremarkaboutIrma'sfailurewhileshewaspresent.Theownerofthestolencarwashimselfremiss.heleftthekeysthevehicle.Youwouldnotexpectanyonesoneatinherpersonalappearancetobeslovenlyinherhousekeeping.CareMybrother,ssolicitudeovergettingintocollegeendedwhenhereceivedwordthathehadbeenaccepted.Thenightwatchmenwhoapprehendedthethiefwspraisedforhisvigilance.Ourteachersaidthatwemighthaveatest.butIdidn'theedher.That'swhyIwasunprepared.TheguardatthegtescrutinizzedHarvery'spassbeforelettinghimin,buthejustglancedatmine.YouwerediscreetnottosayanythingaboutourplanswhenHarrywashere.Hecan'tkeepasecret.Beforesigningacontract,oneshouldreaditcarefully.includingthefineprint.Thisisonecasewhereitpaystobemeticulous.Mr.Brooksrefusedtobeajudgebecausehiswife'snieceisacontestant.Heisveryscrupulous.GeneralBraddockmightnothavebeendefeatedifhehadbeenwaryofanambush.ResidenceOntheirsafari.thehuntersstalkedlionsjigers.andotherferociousdenizensofthejungle.Theannouncementreadf'TheCoopershavemovedandinviteyoutovisitthemattheirnewdomicile,??AppleStreet.''Whenthewardentookcharge,theprisonhadfewerthan100inmates.TheentireRussofamilyarenativesofNewJerseyexceptthegrandparents.whowereborninItaly.lbbacco.potatoes.andtomatoesarenativeAmericanplantsthatwereintroducedintoEuropebyexplorersreturningfromtheNewWarld.Nomadshavenofixedhomesbutmovefromregiontoregiontosecuretheirfoodsupply.OnhertriphomejanewillstopinSt.Louisforatwodaysojournwithrelatives.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第6/?9页）？009-l-?l上午03:015?Hundredsofthousandsofsuburbanresidentsregularlycommutetothecity.BecausetheywerepersecutedinEngland.thePuritansmigratedtoHolland.Inwinter.manyEuropeanbirdsmigratetotheBritishIslesinsearchofamoretemperateclimate.MostoftheIndiansoftheNorthAmericanplainsarenomadic.Afterlivingabroadoratime.Robertbecamehomesickforhisnativeland.DisobedienceTheunionshoweddefianceofthecourtorderagainstastrikebycallingtheworkersofftheirjobs.Parkingatthebusstopisillegal.Motoristscommittingthisinfractionareheavilyfined.Whentherevoltbrokeout.thegovernmentordereditstroopstoarresttheinsurgents.Theinsurrectionwaseasilysuppressed,lessthanadozenbeingslainonbothsides.Theworkstoppagewascausedbyafewmalcontentswhofelttheyhadbeenignoredwhenthepromotionsweremade. 74Theauthorofthepamphletadvocatingtheoverthrowofthegovernmentwasarrestedforsedition.Jack'spreviousrecordshowedhehadbeenanobedientstudentandhadnevertransgressedschoolregulations.Theownererecteda**KeepOFF'signtodiscouragestrangersfromtrespassingonhisland.Doasmothersays.Ifyouareinsubordinate,fatherwillprobablyhearofit.Though1hadcarefullyexplainedtheshorterroutetohim,theperverseyoungstercamebythelongerway.ObedienceEveryschoolday,millionsofchildren“pledgeallegiancetotheflagoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaandtotherepublicforwhichitstands/'ThoughIwasn'tenthusiasticaboutTom'splantogofishing.Iacquiescedinitbecausethereseemednothingelsetodo.Husbandsasaruledonotdecideonthecolorsofhomefurnishingsbutdefertotheirwivesinthesematters.Mr.Walker,whohadbeentoldthathewasgettingadisciplinedclass,wassurprisedtofinditunruly.Thoughheboastedhewouldneverbetakenalive.theoutlawsubmittedwithoutastrugglewhenthepolicearrived.Daniseasytoeach.buthisbrotherisnotsodocile.Onlytwoofthegirlsprotestedwhentheywereorderedoffthefield.Therestweretoomeektocomplain.佻triedtogetJoetochangehismind.buthewasnotpliable.Perhapsyoucaninfluencehim.Forhiscabinet.thedictatorwantedtractablemen.ThereforeJieappointednoonewhomhecouldnotcontrol.TimeMysisterdawdlesoverthedishes.Mothergetsthemdonewithoutwastingtime.Mostofthepicnickerstookcoverwhenrainseemedimminent.Thefewthatprocrastinatedgotdrenched.Nehadplannedtostayonlyforlunchbu（.atourhost'sinsistence,weprotractedourvisituntilafterdinner.Carl'ssorearmisnotanewdevelopmentbutthereturnofachronicailment.Rhodaisachroniccomplainer.Sheisalwaysdissatisfied.Whenthestrikeissettled.therewillprobablybeanincreaseinwagesandaconcurrentincreaseinprices.Bythesuddendarkeningoftheskiesandthethunderinthedistance,wecouldtellthatrainwasimminent.Certainseriousdeseasescanbesuccessfullytreatedifdetectedinandincipientstage.Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds.becausetheshowerswereintermittent.Don'tthinkthatwarhasplaguedonlyourtimes.Ithasbeenaperennialcurseofman.Somegrasseslastonlyayear.Othersareperennial.Thoughpoliohaspracticallybeenwipedout,therehavebeensporadiccasesofthedisease.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第フ/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52NecessityTheunionandmanagementheldalengthymeetingwithoutgettingtotheessenceofthemen'sdissatisfaction-lowwages.Amarkofatleast75%inBasicArtisaprerequisiteforAdvencedArt.Canyourfamilyaffordtheextraexpensethatalargerapartmententails?Mr.BrowntoldEllenthatherrefusaltoworknecessitatessendingforherparents.Ifyourfriendereintrouble,wouldn'tyoufeelobligedtogohishelp?Helenhasagreedtolendmethebook1need.Thisobviatesmytriptothelibrary.Statelawmakesattendanceatschoolcompulsoryforchildrenofcertainages.Mreitnotforyourgratuitousinterference.lhechildrenwouldhavequicklysettledtheirdispute.Ifyouhavefailedasubjectyouneedforgraduation.itisimperativethatyougotosummerschool.Danfeltitincumbentonhimtopayforthewindow.sincehehadhittheballthatbrokeit.Wecandowithoutluxuriesandentertainment.However,food,shelter,andclothingareindispensable.Beforepreparingfortomorrow,sparty,Ihavesomemoreprssingmatterstoattendto,suchasfinishingmyreport.Sincewealreadyhaveenoughfoodforthepicnic,pleasedon'tbringanybecauseitwillonlybesuperfluous.希脐词根Aut,Auto•一selfInherautobiographyTheStoryofMyLife.Helenkellertellshowunrulyshewasasayoungchild.Theautocratwasreplacedbyarulerresponsibletothepeople.Thebaseballstarwrotehisautographforanadmirerwhocameuptohimwithapencilandscorecard.Manyworkershavelosttheirjobsasaresultofautomation. 75Anautocratprefershissubjectstobeautomalons.ratherthanintelligenthumanbeings.AfterWorldWarII.manycoloniesweregrantedautonomyandbecameindependentnations.Thecauseoftheactor'ssuddendeathwillnotbeknownuntiltheautopsyhasbeenperformed.Whenyouwithdrawmoney,thebankcomparesyoursignaturewiththeoneinitsfilestoseeifitisauthentic.Youdonothavetodefrostthisrefrigeratorbecauseitisequippedwithanautomaticdefroster.TheAlumniAssociationisnotunderthecontroloftheschool.Itisacompletelyautonomousgroup.CracyigovernmentBefore1789Francewasanaristocracy.WhentheRevolutionof1789began.manymembersoftheFrencharistocracyfledtootherlands.GermanyunderAdolfHitlerwsanautocracy.Themayorwascriticizedforsettingupaninefficientbureaucracyunresponsivetotheneedsofthepeople.FrancehelpedtheThirteenColoniesestablishthefirseNewWorlddemocracy.Ifonlymillionairescanaffordtorunforoffice.weshallquicklybecomeaplutocracy.Manyareopposedtoatechnocracybecausetheydonotwishtoberuledbytechnicalexperts.Anaristocratwouldliketoseenoblemenincontrolofthegovernment.WinstonChurchillwasbornanaristocrat;hewasthesonofSirRandolphChurchill.TheSenatorusedtobeaRepublicanbutisnowaDemocrat.Dem.Demo-peopleNoresponsibleleader.onlyademagogue.wouldtellthepeoplethat.ifelectedjiewillsolvealltheirproblems.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第8/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thehighrateofabsenceinthelowergradeslastspringwascausedbythemeaslesepidemic.Federalaidwasgrantedtothedepressedareawhereunemploymenthadrisentoepidemicproportions.Theadoptionofthe19thAmendment,givingwomenthefranchisegreatlydemocratizedtheUnitedStates.Anationcannotbeconsidereddemocraticunlessitsleadersarechosenbythepeopleinfreeelections.Pan.panto一一completeAtwo-weekvacationiswonderfulforfatigue.butwillnotcurebaldnessorimprovevision.Itisnopanaca.ThehugecrowdsinTimesSquakegrewnoisierastheoldyeartickedaway,andwhenmidnightstrucktherewaspandemonium.Theopposingknights.mountedandinfullpanoply.awaitedthesignalforthetournamenttobegin.ThetopoftheEmpireStateBuildingaffordsanexcellentpanoramaofNewYorkCityandthesurroundingarea.NotuntilTHEGREATDICTATORdidCharlieChuplinplayaspeakingpart.Allhispreviousroleswereinpantomime.ThePan-AmericanHighwaylinksallofthecountriesofthe佻sternHemisphereromAlaskatoChile.Chron,Chrono-timeItisananachronismtosaythatwilliamShakespeare“typed“hismanuscripts.OneoftheearliestaccountsofKingArthuroccursina12th-centurychronicleofthekingsofBritain.BrucenamedallthePresidents.buthemadeanerrorinchronologywhenheplacedUlyssesS.GrantafterAbrahamLincoln,insteadofafterAndrewJohnson.Themagazinesinthisfilearenotinchronologicalorder.IfoundtheFebruaryissueaftertheOctoberone.Theclocksinthelibraryneedtobesynchronized;oneisaminuteandahalfbehindtheother.Themillionairewhowascaughtshopliftingwasfoundtobesufferingfromkleptomania.ForastudentwithanAaveragetoquitschooltwomonthsbeforegraduationissheermania.ThoughIamstillfondofstampcollecting,!nolongerhavethemaniaforitthatIoriginallyhad.ThederangedbehaviorofJohn'sbrotherleaveslittledoubtthatheisamaniac.Thepresonarrestedforsettingthefirehadbeensuspectedofpyromaniaontwopreviousoccasions.Thecustomerprotestedinsuchaloud,violent.andmaniacalmannerthatonlookersthoughthehadlosthissanity.Ped—childTherearefourdifferentencyclopediasinthereferencesectionofourschoollibrary.Patientsrecoveringfrombrokenlimbsarehousedinthehopitai'sorthopedicward.Anewteacherusuallyreceivesagreatdealofhelpfromthemoreexperiencedpedagogues.Mr.Brown'slessonsareusuallyexcellent.Heisamasterofpedagogy.Whenthebabydevelopedafever.MothertelephonedthepediatricianFromthenumberofbabycarriagesoutsidehisoffice,youcantellthatDr.Endersspecializesinpediatrics. 76Ortho-correctAstudentwhowearsbracesonhisteethisobviouslyunderthecareofanorthodontist.AmericanandEnglishorthographyareverymuchalike.Adeformityofthespineisaconditionthatrequirestheattentionofanorthopedist.TherewsnoreligiouslibertyintheMassachusettsBayColony.RogerWilliams.forexample,wasbanishedbecausehedidnotacceptorthodoxPuritanbeliefs.VaccinationwasrejectedasunorthodoxwhenDr.Jennerfirstsuggestedit.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7ids30（第9/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Gen.GenairaceDianacantraceherdescentfromanancestorwhofoughtintheCivil\^tr.Iknowmuchlessaboutmyowngenealogy.Accordingtolegend.theTrojanWarhaditsgenesisinadisputebetweenthreeGreekgoddesses.Ifdairiesdidnothomogenizemilk.thecreamwouldbeconcentratedatthetopinsteadofbeingevenlydistributed.Manydifferentracialandculturalgroupsaretobefoundintheheterogeneouspopulationofalargecity.Thedancersfortheballetwereselectedforsimilarityofheightandbuildsothattheymightpresentahomogeneousappearance.Meter.Metr—measureWhenthebarometerindicatesarapiddropinairpressure,itmeansastormiscoming.Unlikeordinaryclocksandwatches.chronometersarelittleaffectedbytemperaturechangesorvibration.Somegiantredwoodtreesmeasure325feetinheightandupto30feetindiameter.Whenwatermetersareinstalled.itwillbeeasytotellhowmuchwatereachhomeisusing.Ameteris3.37incheslongerthanayard.Alleyes.exceptthedriver's.werefastenedontheodometerasitmovedfrom9.999.9to10.000miles.Theintensityofasourceoflight,suchasaneletriclihtbulb.canbemeasuredwithaphotometer.IadvisedDadtoslowdownaswewereina30-mile-an-hourzoneandhisspeedometerregisteredmorethan40.Astheplanesspedby.wewereimpressedbytheperfectsymmetryoftheir'V-formation.Ant.Anti—againstJapanwasourantagonistintheWorldWarII.BrutusisthemaincharacterinWilliamShakespearゼsJULIUSCAESAR,andAntonyishisantagonist.Theantibioticpenicillinstopsthegrowthofbacteriacausingpneumonia,tonsillitis,andcertainotherdiseases.Whenthebodyisinvadedbyforeignagentssuchasbacteriaorviruses.theantibodiesgotoworkagainstthem.Bytelephone.thephysicianprescribedtheexactantidotetobegivenimmediatelytothepoisonvictim.Afewoftheneighborshaveanantipathytodogs.butmostareondofthem.Thewoundwascarefullywashed:thenanantiseptic.tinctureofiodine.wasapplied.Weareinjectedwithdiphtheriaantitoxinproducedinhorsesbeausetheantitoxinmanufacturedbyourbodiesmaynotbeenoughtopreventdiphtheria.44Temporary'istheantonymof“permanent”.Onym,Onomato-wordTheword"radar,isanacronymforRadioDetectingAndRange.“Fair**and"fare**arehomonyms.NoticetheonomatopoeiaintheselinesbythepoetJohnDrydth:**Thedouble.double.doublebeat/Ofthethunderingdrum.^^O.HenryispseudonymofWilliamSydneyPorter.“Building',isasynonymfor"edifice.*'Whenyouwritealettertotheeditor,besuretosignit.Responsiblepublicationseillnotprintanonymousletters.Derm.Dermato一一skinThepatientwiththeskindisorderisunderthecareofadermatologist.Thetinycellsfromwhichhairsgrowarelocatedinthedermis.Althoughverythin,theepidermisservestoprotecttheunderlyingdermis.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第10/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thelifelikemodelsofanimalsthatyouseeinmuseumsaretheworkoftaxidermists.Ahypodermicsyringeisusedforinjectingmedicationbeneaththeskin.Nom.Nem一一management.Thescienceofagronomyhelpsfarmersobtainlargerandbettercrops. 77Beingagastronome.myuncleiswellacquaintedwiththebestrestaurantsinthecity.Thefleeingmurdererescapedthebulletsoftwopursuingpolicemanranitnoathirdwhoprovedtobehisnemesis.Newouldhaveendedtheseasonwithoutadefeatifnotforouroldnemesis,GreeleyHigh.ThefirstastronomicalobservationswithatelescopeweremadebytheItalianscientistGalileo.Itisdifficulttoconceiveofsoastronomicalasumasonehundredbilliondollars.ThePresident'schiefeconomicadviserexpectsthatproductionwillcontinueatthesameratefortherestoftheyear.Whichisthemosteconomicalfuelforhomeheating-gas,electricity,oroil?Phan,Phen一一showWhenusedasawrapper.cellophaneletsthepurchaserseethecontentsofthepackage.Wfemustbeabletodistinguishbetweenfactandfancy.Anneisnotsurewhethershesawafaceatthewindow.Perhapsitwasonlyafantasy.ThephantomoftheslainCaesarappearedtoBrutusinadream.Philipisaphenomenoninmath.Healwaysgets100%ontests.Feverandinfalmmationarephenomenonofdisease.YoungMozart,aphenomenalchild.begancomposingmusicattheageof5.RobertFulton'sproposaltobuildasteamboatwaswasatfirstregardedasfantastic.Therm,Thermo-heatDiathermymaybeproscribedforarthritis,bursitis,andotherconditionsrequiringheattreatment.Duringthehotspell,thethermometerreached1（X）degreesonsixdaysinarow.Wesetthethermostattoshutofftheheatwhentheroomtemperaturereaches72degrees.AtLavaHotSpringsinIdaho.visitorsmaybatheinthethermalmineralwaters.Itisbelievedthatthesungetsitsenergyfromthermonuclearreactionsconstantlytakingplacewithinit.Prot,Proto一一firstBrutusistheprotagonistinWilliamShakespeare'sJULIUSCAESAR,andAntonyistheantagonist.Theprotocolinitiatedbytherepresentativesofthethreenationsisexpectedtoleadtoaformaltreaty.Itisabreachofprotocolforasubordinatepubliclytoquestionthejudgmentofhisuperiorofficer.Protoplasmdistinguisheslivingfromnonlivingthings.ThecrudecraftinwhichtheWrightbrothersmadethefirstsuccessfulflightin1903wastheprototypeofthemodemairplane.Thetinyprotozoansarebelievedtobethefirstanimalstohaveappearedonearth.ThesisjhetIcannotvoteforacondidatewhostandsfortheantithesisofwhat1believe.In"craftyUlysses''and"RichardtheLion-Hearted''theepithetsare"crafty''and"theLion-Hearted''.WhenColumbusfirstpresentedhishypothesisthattheearthisround.veryfewbelieedit.Onlypoliticalpartiescanproducethesynthesisorcompromiseofinterestnecessarytomakerepresentativegovernmentwork.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第11/29页）2009-1-21上午0301:52DoyouagreewithElbert'sthesisthatastudentcourtwouldbegoodforourschool?Candidatesforadvancedcollegedegreesusuallymustwriteathesisbasedonoriginalresearch.Cottonisanaturalfiber.butrayonandnylonaresynthetic.Aster,Astr.Astro一-starMostastersbloominthefall.Theasteriskafter''Reducedto$1.95"referstoafootnotereding“Todayonly.”ComparedtoplanetEarth,someasteroidsaretiny.measuringlessthanamileindiameter.Ifanasteroidlosesanarmtoanattackenitcangrowbackthemissingarm.Anastrologerwouldhavepeoplebelievethattheirlivesareregulatedbythemovementsofthestars,planets.sunandmoon.YuriGgarin.theworld'sfirstastronaut,orbitedtheearthinanartificialsatelliteonAjwil12,1961.Becausethestarsaresofaraway,astronomersmeasuretheirdistancefromEarthin"lightyears".TheattackonPearlHarborwastheworstdisasterinthehistoryoftheU.S.Navy.Gram,Graph—letter"Moat"isananagramfor"atom". 78AncientcartographersdidnotknowoftheexistenceoftheWesternHemisphere.Militaryleaders.diplomats.andbusinessmenusecryptogramstorelaysecretinformation.AfterreadingMrs.Hale'selectrocardiogram.thephysicianassuredherthatherheartwasworkingproperly.“Themorethingsamanisashamedof,themorerespectabeheis"isoneofGeorgeBernardShaw'sepigrams."Lead''pencilsdonotcontainlead,butratheramixtureofclayandgraphite.SomeofDad'shadkerchiefsareembroideredwithhismonogram.Forhisthesis.thestudentplanstowriteamonographonthelifeofanobscure19th-centurycomposer.Acourtstenographerhastobeabletotakedownmorethan250wordsaminute.Thereporter'sgraphicdescriptinmadeusfeelthatwewerepresentatthescene.Proofssubmittedbytheprintershouldbecarefullycheckedtoeliminatetypographicalerrors.拉丁词首词根Ab.A.Abs-from.offTheautomobilewasatotalwrecLbuttheriver,luckily.escapedwithminorcutsandabrasions.Myuncle.anaccountant,composesmusicasanavocation.Theagingkingabdicatedhisthroneandwentintoretirement.TheGreeksattackedTroytorecoverHelen,whohadveenahductedbytheTrojanprinceParis.JanetisdoingherbesttopassEnglishbecausesheabhorsthethoughtofhavingtorepeatitinsummerschool.Awidesearchisunderwayfbrthemanagerwhoabscondedwith$10000ofhisemployer'sfunds.Thefactthatyouwereabsentwhentheassignmentwasgivendoesnotabsolveyoufromdongthehomework.Ofthethreesuspects,twowerefoundguiltyandthethirdwasabsolved.MydentistsaidIwouldhavefewercavitiesifIabstainedfromeatingcandy.Themayorpromisedtodoeverythinginhispowertoavertastrikebynewspaperemployees.Wehadthreeabsencestoday,whichisabnormal.Usually,everyoneispresent.Today'sartlessoncametoanabruptendwhenthegongssoundedforafiredrill.Thalwasanabsorbingbook.ilheldmyinterestfrombeginningtoend.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第!2/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Iaminfavorofthedance,butIamaversetoholdingitonMay25.YoucancountonMartha'ssupportinyourcampaignforreelection.sheisoneofyourmostloyaladherents.The伙atherBureaugaveadeqquatewarningoftheadventofthehurricane.Beforethecontestbegan.thechampionshookhandswithhisadversary.Peoplewhoworkatnighthavetoadaptthemselvestosleepinginthedaytime.“GoneWilhTheWnd',wasadaptedforthemovies.MexicoadjoinstheUnitedStates.ThejudgeadjournedthecourttothefollowingMonday.Youwillnotbecomeaddictedtosmokingifyourefusecigaretteswhentheyareoffered.Thestudentwhoarivedtenminuteslatedidnothveadequatetimetofinishthetest.TheislandofCubaisadjacenttoFlorida.Becauseofadversereview.theproducerannouncedthattheplaywillclosewithtonight'sperformance.Ante---beforepost---afterDavid'santecedentscametothiscountrymorethanahundredyearsago.Ifthephysicianisbusywhenpatientsarrive,thenurseasksthemtowaitintheanteroom.Thepurposeofapostmortemistodiscoverthecauseofdeath.Aftersigningtheletter.InoticedIhadomitedanimportantfact.therefore.Imentioneditinapostscript.Ifyouusedyesterday'sdateonacheckwrittentoday.youhaveantedatedthecheck.AlaskaantedatesHawaiiasastate.havinggainedstatehoodonJanuary3,1959,sevenmonthsbeforehawaii.Thisapostdatedchek;ithastomorrow'sdateonit.Ourclassesusuallybeginat8a.m.At4p.m.thechairmanannouncedthedebatetobeclosed.Ftercollege,Maryhopestodopostgraduateworkinlawschool.Bi-two;Semi-halfThebicentennialofGeorgeWashington'sbirthwascelebratedin1932. 79Attheendofthelesson,agroupgatheredabouttheteacherinasemicircletoaskadditionalquestions.Adiameterisalinethatbisectsacircle.TheamericanlegislatureisbicamerakitconsistsoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.AdefeatedcandidatefortheHouseofRepresentativesmustwaittwoyearsbeforerunningaain.becausetheelectionsarebiennial.Wereceiveonlysixbillsayearbecausewearebilledonabimonthlybasis.Promotioninourschoolissemiannual;itoccursinJanuaryandJune.Employeespaidonasemimonthlybasisreceivetwosalarycheckspermonth.FrenchforcesjoinedtheAmericansinabilateralactionagainsttheBritishattheBattleofYorktownin1781.MontrealhasalargenumberofbilingualcitizenswhospeakEnglishandFrench.SomeschoolsinSpanish-speakingcommunitiessendbilingualnotices.writteninEnglishandSpanish.totheparents.Congressionalcommitteesarebipartisan;theyconsistofbothDemocraticandRepublicanmembers.Inthemorning,asyoubegintoawaken,youareinasemiconsciousstate.Allthehousesontheblockareattached,exceptthecomerones,whicharesemidetached.Workerswhoenterasemiskilledoccupationdonothavetoundergoalongperiodoftraining.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第!3/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52E,Ex---out;In.Im--in.againstThekingpromisedtopardonanyinsurgentwhowouldlaydownhisarms.GeneralWashingtonledtheinsurgentforcesintheRevolutionaryWar.Runningwaterisoneoftheprincipalcausesofsoilerosion.In1889,CharlesSteinmetz,anengineer,emigratedfromGermany..In1889,CharlesSteinmetzimmigratedtotheUnitedStates.Thesuggestiontolengthentheschoolyearhasevokedconsiderableopposition.Refusingtoanswerthequestion.thewitnessinvoketheFifthAmendment.whichjwotectsapersonfrombeingcompelledtotestifyagainsthimself.Withapenknife.hepeeledtheappleandexcisedthewormypart.Thelettersonthemonumenthadbeenincisedwithachisel.Theartdepartmentisexhibitingtheoustandingpostersproducedinitsclasses.Ellentoldthechildnottocry,buthecouldnotinhibithistears.Expelledfromtheuniversitybecauseofpoorgrades,thestudentappliedforreadmissionthefollowingterm.Gregg'slowmarkinthemidtermimpelledhimtostudyharderforthefinal.Irmawssoenervatedbythebroilingsunthatshenearlyfainted.Theaccusedisnottheonlyguiltyparty;twoothersareimplicated.Thetreasurershouldnothavebeenoffendedwhenaskedforafinancialreport.Noonewasimpuginghishonesty.OnJuly14,1789,thepeopleofParisfreedtheprisonersincarceratedintheBastille.Thenameofthewinnerwillbeinscribedonthemedal.Steinmetz'sdiscoveriesinthefieldofelectricitymadehimoneoftheeminentscientistsofthetwentiethcentury.Atthefirstflashofliゆtning,thebeachcrowdscurriedforshelfterfromtheimminentstorm.Anexclusiveclubdoesnotreadilyacceptnewcomers.Beforethegame.eachteamhadexclusiveuseofthefieldforaten-minutepracticeperiod.ThefilmwillbeshownfromAugust22to24,inclusive.foratotalofthreedays.Extra~outside;lntra-withinWhydon'tyoujoinanextracurricularactivity.suchasaclub.theschoolnewspaper.orateam?Yousaidyouwouldsticktothetopic.butyoukeepintroducingextraneousissues.Reliablesalesmendonotmakeextravagantclaimsfortheirproduct.Inafewmonths.theextravagantheirspentthefortuneofalifetime.Theintramuralprogram.inwhichoneclasscompeteswithanother.givesyouagreaterchancetoparticipalethantheinterscholasticprogrambetweenteamsofcompetingschools.TheDemocratsaretryingtohealintrapartystrifesoastopresentaunitedfrontinthecomingelection.CommercebetweenthestatesisregulatedbytheInterstateCommerceCommission.butintrastatecommerceissupervisedbythestatesthemselves.Patientsarenourishedbyintravenousfeedingwhentooilltotakefoodbymouth. 80Contra.Contro,Counter-againstAreyouontheproorconsideofthisargument?Beforetakinganimportantstep.crefullystudytheprosandonsofthematter.Customsofficialsexaminedtheluggageofthesuspectedsmugglerbutfoundnocontraband.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第14/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52AmericancontroversywithGreatBritainovertheOregonTerritorynearlyledtowar.Byinvadingtheneutralnation.thedictatorcontravenedhisearlierpledgetoguaranteeitsindependence.Themonitororderedthestudenttogototheendoftheline.buttheteachercountermandedtheorder.Thestudent'splantodropoutofschoolrancountertohisparents'wishes.Thesuspects'fingerprintsonthesafewereconsideredincontrovertibleevidencethathehadparticipatedintherobbery.Inter—betweenBetweenWjrldWarIIandtheKoreanWar.therewasafiveyearinterludeofpeace.ForhisroleasintermediaryinhelpingtoendtheRusso-JapaneseWar.theodoreRooseveltwontheNovelPeacePrize.Duringtheintermiss沁nbetweenthefirstandsecondacts,youwillhaveachancetopurchaserefreshments.MybrotherwouldhavelosttheargumentifDadhadn'tintercededforhim.WegainedpossessionoftheballwhenRussinterceptedaforwardpass.BroadwayintersectsSeventhAvenueatTimeSquare.Thesummervacationintervenesthecloseofoneschoolyearandthebeginningofthenext.Lettheboyssettlethedisputebythemselves:don'tintervene.Itisdifficulttomakeinterlinearnotesifthespacebetweenthelinesisverysmall.Theonlywaytogettothenexttownisbyautomobileortaxi;thereisnointerurbanbus.In,II,Im,Ir---not,unAsaresultofstricterenforcement.speedersarenolongerabletobreakthelawwithimpunity.Alicerefusedtoletmeseehernotes.despitethefactthat1havealwayslenthermine.didyoueverhearofsuchingratitude?Icouldreadmostofthesignatures.butafewwereillegible.Thenewnationundertooktoteachitsilliteratecitizenstoreadandwrite.Itisillogicaltovoteforacandidatewhomyouhavenofaithin.Nearlyeverysoapmanufacturerclaimshisproductwillmakedirtylinensimmaculate.Don'tusesuchbabytalk!Peoplewillthinkyouarementallyimmature.Formostoftheyear.lheEskimosettlementsinnorthernQuebecareinaccessible.exceptbyair.Itisalmostimpossibletocrossourstreetduringtherushhourbecauseoftheincessantflowoftraffic.Nocompromissispossiblewhenbothsidesremaininflexible.Whenthevisitorscometoourschool,weshouldmakethemfeelathomeotherwisetheywillthinkweareinhospitable.Scientistsarefindingsolutionstomanyproblemsthatuptonowwereinsoluble.Saltdissolvesinwater.butsandisinsoluble.AfterRomeoandJulietdied.theirfamilies.whohadbeenirreconcilableenemies.becamefriends.Sticktothetopic;don'lmakeirrelevantremarks.Whentheumpiresaysyouareout,itisuselesstoarguebecausehisdecisionisirrevocable.Bene―good;MalevilBeforebeginninghisdifficultjouney,theyoungmanvisitedhisparentstoreceivetheirbenediction.Withherdyingbreath,QueenDidopronouncedamaledictiononAeneasandallhisdescendants.Themuseumcouldnothavebeenbuiltwithoutthegiftofamilliondollarsbyawealthybenefactor.Shortlyafterthecrime.themalefactorwasapprehandedandturnedovertothepolice.Thesickandtheneedywillbethebeneficiariesofyourgifttothecommunityfund.IsuspectRonnietrippedmesothat1wouldn'tbeabletoplaytomorrow.Hediditnotasajokebutoutofmalice.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第15/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thelackofmilkandfreshvegetablesinthechild'sdietwasresponsibleforhismalnutrition.Twonewsphotographerswereattackedbythemob.andtheirearnersweresmashed.itisdisgracefulthattheyweresomaltreated.Restisusuallybeneficialtoapersonsufferingfromabadcold.Abenevolentemployerhasasincereinterestinthewelfareofhisemployees. 81Ihaveheardsomemalevolentmisrepresentationofher.Carlowasmaladjustedintheearlygrades.notbecauseofpoorinteloligencebutbecausehecouldn'tspeakEnglish.De---down.oppositeofAwreckingcrewisdemolishingtheoldbuiliding.Foreingabsentwithoutleave,thecorporalwasdemotedtoprivate.Thebuildingsuperintendentfeelsdepreciatedifyourefertohimasthe'janitou”Studentswhotellliesaredespisedbytheirclassmates.Mr.Parkeralwaysnotifiestheparentswhenastudentneglectshishomework,andhewillnotdeviatefromthisruleinyourcase.Thechildrenmusthavebeenstrvedwhentheycameinfordinnerbecausetheydevouredtheirfood.Thedecadentdowntownsectionwasonceaflourishingbusinessdistrict.Maple.elm.birch.andotherdeciduoustreeslosetheirleavesinthefall.Whoeverdidthismusthavebeendemented;nosanepersonwouldhaveactedinsuchaway.Childrenaredependentontheirparentsuntiltheyareabletoearntheirownliving.Dis---oppositeofJackshouldhaehad$8inhiswallet.buthehadonly$6.Hecouldnotaccountforthediscrepancy.ThebicycleIlenttomhadbeengoodcondition.buthereturneditindisrepair.Theparentsdiscreditedthechild'sstory,sineehewasinthehabitoftellingfalsehoods.Theexplosiondisintegratedanentirewingofthefactory.Whenthematterwsputtoavote,29agreedand4dissented.Passengersshoulddonothingtodistractthedrver'sattentionfromtheroad.DanwasdiscontentwithhisSpanishmark;hehadexpectedatleast10pointmore.Foradispssionateaccountofhowthefightstarted.askaneutralobservernotaparticipant.Thecompromisewaswelcomedbyallthestrikersexceptasmalldissidentgroupwhofeltthattheraisesweretoosmall.Se---apartSouthCarolina'ssecessionwasimitatedbytenotherstatesandledtotheformationoftheconfederacy.ThesignersoftheDeclarationofIndependence,ifcapturedbytheenemy,wouldprobablyhavebeentriedforsedition.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresidentin1860,SouthCarolinasecededfromtheUnion.Annwassoupsetbyherfailureinmaththatshesecludedherselfandrefusedtoseeanyone.Inmosthighschools.boysandgirlsattendthesameclasses,exceptinhealtheducation,wheretheyaresegregated.Areyouworriedaboutpassingthemidtermexam.ordoyoufeelsecure?Landinagrowingcityisasecureinvestment.Circum-roundThecircumferenceofacircleequals7ttimesthediameter.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第16/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thecircumbocution'Uhegameendedwithascorethatwasnotinourfavor”shouldbereplacedby“welostthegme.”FerdinandMagellan'sexpeditionwasthefirsttocircumnavigtetheglobe.Theprincipalhasrequestedallteacherstocircumscribefailuresinredonthereportcards.Thepatientwasplacedonaverycircumscribeddie!:hewasforbiddentohavecoffee.spices,orrawfruitsorvegetables.lbcircumventlocalsalestaxes.shoppersoftenbuyinneighboringcommunitiesthatdonothavesuchtaxes.Don'tjumptoaconclusionbeforeconsideringallthefacts.Becircumspect.Con,Co,Col.Cor-togetherItwasnotknownwhetherthepriceincreasesresultedfromhighercostsorfromcollusionamongtheproducers.Neighborscannotliveinconcordiftheirchildrenkeepfightingwithoneanother.DuringtheRevolutionaryWar.thethirteencoloniescoalescedintoonenation.Tomiscollaboratingontheworkwithhisfriend.TheHouseandtheSenatewillconveneatnoontohearanaddressbythePresident.Jack'saccountofhowthefightstarteddidnotcorrespondwiththeotherboy'sversion.Incoherentwriting,everysentenceisconnectedinthoughttotheprevioussentence.Helenkeller'sdeafnessandblindnesswerenotcongenitaldefectsbutwereacquiredafterbirth.Ob-against.over 82IfwebeatCentralHightomottow.weshallhaveremovedthelastobstacleusandthechampionship.Today'srainhascompletelyobliteratedyesterday'ssnow;notatraceremains.Thenotionthatshehadforgottentolockthefrontdoorobsessedmotherallthroughthemovie.Thedisabledvehiclesobstructedtrafficuntilremovedbyatowtruck.Itisunwiseforanoutsidertoobtmdchisopinionsintoafamilyquarrel.Byremovingherhat.theladyinfrontobviatedtheneedformetochangemyseat.Per-lhough,thoroughlyThesurgeonsaidthetackhadgonethroughBetty'sshoeandsockwithoutperforatingherskin.Atbreakfastthearomaoffreshlybrewedcoffeepermeatesthekitchenanddiningroom.Ineedhelpwiththefourthproblem;itperplexesme.TheteachertoldErictostopwhispering.Whenhepersistedshesenthimtothedean.Therainwassupposedtoendinthemoming.butitpersistedthroughtheafternoonandevening.Maggie'sparentswereperturbedwhentheylearnedshehadfailedtwosubjects.Authorshavecomeandgone.butShakespearehasremainedaperennialfavorite.Perennialsliketheazaleaandfbrsythiabloomyearafteryear.Sticktothepoint;don'tgiveinformationthatisnotpertinent.Pre-beforeTheprefaceusuallyprovidesinformationthattheredershouldknowbeforethebookLastnightmyparentsattendedapreviewofaplayscheduledtoopennextTuesday.DidyourreportfolloworprecedeJane,s?apriorengagementprecludesmycomingtoyourparty.MypreconceiveddislikeforthebookdisappearedwhenIreadafewchapters.Prefabricatedhomesarequicklyerectedbyputtingtogetherlargesectionspreviouslyconstructedatafactory.Thejurydecidedthattheblowwasstruckinamomentofpanicandhadnotbeenpremeditated.Nineteenofthesailorshaverescued.Oneismissingandpresumeddead.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第!7/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52IfNancy'sthree-year-oldbrothercanread,hemustbeaprecociouschild.Pro-forwardAtthebudgethearing,boththeproponentsandtheopponentsofthetaxincreasewillbeabletopresenttheirviews.Toafreshman.graduationisadistantbutpleasantprospect.Startworkingontheassignmentwithoutdelay.ltdoesn'tpaytoprocrastinate.Theapparatusprojectsmissilesintospace.Jet-propelledplanestravelatveryhighspeeds.OurcousinsstayedwithusonlyfortheweekendbutpromisedtoreturninJulyforaprotractedvisit.Keepyourfeetunderyourdesk;donotletthemprotrudeintotheaisle.Jeff'saccountofhisexperiencesonafarmprovokedmuchlaughter.Therewouldhavebeennofightifyouhadn'tprovokedyourbrotherbycallinghimnames.WhenIfellbehindinFrench.theteacheraskedoneofthemoreproficientstudentstohelpme.Despitealargeincome.theactorhadssavedverylittlebecauseheisprofusespender.TheMayor,theGovernor,andseveralotherprominentcitizensattendedthepreview.Am,Amor-love,likingTheperformancewasstagedbyagroupofamateurswhohavebeenstudyingdramaticsasahobby.Whenitcomestobakingacake.Mother'stheexpert;I'monlyanamateur.蚀mustlookaheadtothetimewhenthedisputeisoverandamityisrestored.CindyisanamiablechiIdeverybodylikesher.Letustrytosettleourdifferencesinanamicablemanner.Inthefamousbalconyseene,theamorousRomeoexpresesundyingloveforJuliet.JohnRolfe.anEnglishsettler.becameenamoredoftheIndianprincessPocahontasandmarriedher.Anim-mind.wiilSomedaytheanimositythatledtothewarwillbereplacedbyamity.Thoughtdaviddefeatedmeintheelection1bearnoanimustowardhkm;wearego（xlfriends.Ifyoubecomeextremelyupsetwhenyouloseagame,itisasignthatyoulackequanimity.Inalmosteverydiscussionthereisboundtobesomedisagreement,Don'texpectunanimity. 83ThefirsttimeIwaslaleMissO'Neillexcusedmewiththewarningthatshewouldnotbesomagnanimousthenexttime.Exceptforonestudent,whovoted''no''thewww.bfsunt.cnclasswasunanimousinwantingtheparty.Fin-end,boundaryBecausetheysharethesamelanguageandideals,AmericansandEnglishmenhaveanaffinityforoneanother.Everyskitinourclassshowwasloudlyapplauded,fromtheopeningscenetothefinale.Thestoryisfarfromcompletebecausethefinisisnotyetwritten.IwillconfinemyremarkstothecausesoftheWarof1812;thenextspeakerwilldiscussitsresults.Rememberthatyourwww.bfsunt.cnanwerwillbetreatedasdefinitive.Youwillnotbepermittedtochangeit.Flu.Fluc,Flux-flowAir.water.molasses,andmilkareallfluids.DuringNovember,themilitarysituationsituationremainedfluictwithadvancesandretreatsbybothsides.Whenpricesareinastateofflux,manybuyersdelaypurchasesuntilconditionsaremoresettled.ThediscoveryofgoldinCaliforniain1848causedalargeinfluxofsettlesfromtheEast.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第!8/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Recentlythepriceofapoundoftomatoeshasfluctuatedfromahighof45centstolowof2cents.Doyouhavetogropeforwords,orareyouafluentspeaker?Gen,Gener,Genit—birth,classPoewastheoriginatorofagenreofdetectivestory.ThebiblestatesthatAdamwastheprogenitorofthehumanrace.Butfortheskillofthepresidingofficer.lhedebatewouldhedegeneratedintoanexchangeofinsults.Name-callingengendershatred.Thenewmanagerregeneratedthelosingteamandmadeitastrongcontenderforfirstplace.Greg---gatherAttheairport.thehomecomingchampionswerewelcomedbyahugeaggregationofadmirers.Theministeraddressedthecongregationonthemeaningofbrotherhood.Thewardenbelievesinsegregationoffirstoffendersfromhardenedcriminals.Theaggregatestrengthoftheallieswasimprssive.thoughindividuallysomewerequiteweak.Exceptforhermitsandrecluses,whoshuncompany,mostpeoplearegregadous.Here,Hes-stickIftherelationshipbetweenthefirstsentenceandwhatfollowsisnotclearjheparagraphlackscoherence.Therecanbenorealcohesioninanallianceifthepartieshavelittleincommon.Applythestickeraccordingtothedirections.oritwillnotadhere.Igluedtogetherthefragmentsofthevase.buttheydidnotcohere.Becauseofherinherentearlessness,Idoubtmysistercaneverbeagooddriver.Lateral-sideAsquareisaquadrilateral.Aftervotingfortherodbuildingprogram,!helegislaturetookupthecollateralissueofhowtoraisethenecessaryfunds.Ifonesideofanequilateraltrianglemeasuresthreefeet.theothertwomustalsobethreefeeteach.Thebuildingplanshowsbothafrontandalateralviewoftheproposedstructure.Amotherhastobeanurse,housekeeper.shopper.cook.teacher.etc.Sheplaysamultilateralrole.Don'tjudgethemattterbymyopponent'sunilateralstatement.Notethealliterationintheline“Singasongofsixpence.''Whenregisteringasanewvoter.takealongyourdiplomaasproofofliteracy.Mtranslate"laissez-faire''as"absenceofgovernmentinterference,''butitsliteralmeaningis"letdo.”MarkTwainisoneofthegreatestfiguresinourliteraryhistory.Theschool'smaingoalinworkingwithadultswhocanneitherreadnorwriteistomakethemliterate.Luc.Lum-lightAnumberofluminariesjncludingaNovelprizewinnerandtwoledingauthors,willbepresent.Iasked(heteachertoelucidateapointthatwasnotcleartome.lbobviatemisunderstanding,statethedirectionsinthemostlucidwaypossible.Withthiswatchyoucantelltimeinthedarkbecauseitshadsanddialareluminous.Lampshadesaretranslucentbutnottransparent. 84Man,Manu—handThemanacleswereremovedfromtheprisoner'swrists.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30(第!9/29页)2009-1-21上午03:01:52AfterWbrldWarI.SyriabecameaFrenchmandate.Thewalkoutwsaclearviolationofthecourt'smandateagainstastrike.Eachstudenthasalearner'spermitandacopyofthe**Driver'smanual.**Miling.fomerlyamanualoperationjsnowdonebymachine.Theuthor'smanuscriptisnowattheprinter.Thewashingmachinehasemancipatedhousewivesfromagreatdealofdrudgery.Intoday'slessonIlearnedhowtomanipulatethesteeringwheel.Pend,Pens—hangAschooleditionofanovelusuallyhasanappendixcontainingexplanatorynotes.Thependantdanglingfromthechainaroundhernecklookedlikeamedal,butitwasreallyawatch.Ifyouhaveseenthemarks,pleasetellmewhetherIpassedorfailed;don'tmeinsuspense!Ifyouhadinyourreportlate,appendanoteexplainingthereasonfor(hedelay.Sheworeagreenpendantsuspendedfromasilverchain.Trainservicewillbesuspendedfrommidnightto4a.m.topermitrepairs.Atthefirstflashoflightning,peoplescurriedforshelterfromtheimpendingstorm.Hasadecisionbeenreachedonadatefbrthegame,oristhematterstillpending?Barbaraagreedtoconductthemeetingpendingtheelectionofapermanentchairman.Pon.Pos—putDidthekingabdicateorwashedeposed?Cleaningupafterthejobistherepairman'sresponsibility.Don'tlethimimposeitonyou.Mr.Marxhaspostponedthetestuntiltomorrowtogiveusanextradaytostudy.Today'ssnowfallsuperimposedafreshtwoinchesonyesterday'saccumulation.Thereisamisspelledwordonyourpaper,''strenght.''Correctitbytransposingthelasttwoletters.Scrib,Script-writeTheinscriptiononPaul'smedalreads"ForexcellenceinEnglish.',Bothcandidatesusedprofessionalscribestopreparetheircampaignspeeches.Howmuchtimedidtheactorshavetomemorizethescript?ThepetitiontonominateSueforpresidentofthefreshmanclassalreadyhasforty-threesubscribers.Whentherearenotenoughvolunteersfbrthearmedforcesthegovernmentconscriptsadditionalmen.Thelawprescribesthataliensmaynotvote.Herphysicianprescribedsomepills.alightdiel.andplentyofrest.www.bfsunl.cnSimihSimul-similarThetwopillsarealikeincolorandshape,buttherethesimilarityends.44Heisasbraveasalion.''Isasimile.Theletternintheprefixinisoftenassimilatedwiththefollowingletter.Forexample,”in''plus“legible''becomes”illegible.”Abrightstudentassimilatesknowledgerapidly.Nancywasthestaroftheshow;shesimulatedthebewilderedmotherveryeffectively.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第20/29页）2009-）-21上午03:01:52Theseglovesarenotapair;theyarequitedissimilar.Theflashofanexplosionreachesusbeforethesound.thoughthetwoaresimultaneous.Sol.Soli-singleWhatanactorsaysinasoliloguyisheardbynooneexcepttheaudience.ThoughtIlikecompany,therearetimeswhenIprefersolitude.Insteadofsiningasolo,Brendawouldprefertojoinwithmeinaduet.Afterthewar,thevillagershopetoreturntotheirdesolatedhomes.At5:30a.m.thenormallycrowdedintersectionlooksdesolate.FranklinD.RooseveltwasthesolecandidatetobeelectedPresidentforafourthterm.Ahermitleadsasolitaryexistence. 85Solv,Solu,Solut-loosenWhenPresidentLincolntookoffice,theUnionfacedimminentdissolution.Sincethememverslackmutualinterests,theclubwillprobablydissolve.Afterourquarrel.GraceandIdissovedourfriendship.Theresolutionofourairandwaterpollutionproblemswillbedifficultandcostly.Awitnessprovidedthecluethatresolvedthemystery.Ademocraticrulerisrestrictedbyaconsitution,alegislature.andcourts.butadictatorhasabsolutepower,Asananalogy.Sugarissolubleinwater.Someonewouldhavefoundtheanswerbynowiftheproblemweresoluble.Inasaltwatersolution.thewateristhesolventandthesaltisthesolute.Theexaminersfoundthebanksolvent.muchtothereliefofitsdepositors.Und,Unda-wave,flowOurnationaboundsinopportunitiesforwell-educatedyoungmenandwomen.FishaboundinthewatersofNewfoundland.OnElectionNight.thevictor'sofficeswereinundatedbycongratulatorymessages.Ourteam'ssportmanlikeconduceredoundstothecreditoftheschool.BeforeChristmas.thestoreshaveabundantsuppliesoftoys.Removethelastwordofthefollowingsentencebecauseitisredundanビ’MyreportislongerthanBob'sreport.''Ver,Vera,Veri-true,truthSinceyouhaveliedusinthepast,youshouldnotwonderthatwedoubtyourveracity.Wewouldliketoknowyourverdictinthematter.Thatsmokingisinjurioustohealthisascientificallyestablishedverity.Twoeyewitnessesaverredtheyhadseenthedefendantatthescene.Sofar.thechargeshavebeenneitherdisprovednorverified.AsthepretendedheirsofPeterWilksweredisposingofhisfortune,theveritableheirsarrived.Vid,Vis-seeWiththefogrollinginandvisibilityapproachingzero,itwasvirtuallyimpossibleforplanestoland.CoachBrownenvisionsMaryasaprimaballerina.Didtheentertainerpreparehisjokesbeforetheprogram.orimprovisethemashewentalong?Beforehandinginyourcomposiotn.besuretoreviseitcarefully.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30(第21/29页)2009-1-2I上午03:01:52Themicroscopeenablesustoseeorganismsinvisibletothenakedeye.Theaudioandvideosignalsofatelevisionprogramcaxnberecordedonmagnetictape.Radartellsusofanapproachingobjectlongbeforevisualcontactispossible.盎格鲁.萨克逊Fore-beforeHenryprotectedhisfacefromGeorge'sblowsbyraisinghisforearms.JohnF.Kennedy'sforebearsmigratedtoAmericafromIreland.Thedaybeforetheaccident,!hadaforebodingthatsomethingwouldgowrong.Haveyoulistenedtotheweatherforecastfortomorrow?Incombattheofficerwasalwaysintheforefrontoftheattack.leadinghismenontovictory.Foresightisbetterthanhindsight.BeforeChapterI,thereisabriefforewordinwhichtheauthorexplainswhyhewrotethebook.Ourdefeatinthechampionshipgamewasforeshadowedbyinjuriestotwoofourstarplayersinapreviousgame.Carefullyreviewtheforegoingchapterbeforereadinganyfurther.DidyouknowthatBenjaminFranklinwasoneoftheforemostinventorsoftheeighteenthcentury?Mis-bad(ly),wrong(ly)PeoplethoughttheearthwasflatuntilColumbuscorrectedthatmisbelief.Thewrongdoerwaspunishedforhismisdeedbyafineandimprisonment.DadhasnomisgivingswhenMothertakesthewheel.becausesheisanexcellentdriver.Rightafterthecollison,eachdriverblamedtheotherforthemishap. 86Quittingschoolisamisstempthatyoumayregretfortherestofyourlife.Thebearescapedwhenthehunter'sriflemisfired.YesterdayImislaidmybiologybook,andittookmeaboutahalfhourtofindit.Sometrafficsignsaresoconfusingthattheymisleadthetraveler,www.bfsunt.cnOut-beyond,morethanTheoutlookforunskiledlaborersisnotbright,astheirjobsaregraduallybeingtakenoverbymachines.TheoutputoftheaverageAmericanfactoryworkerissteadilyincreasing.ThejacketDadboughtmelastyearistoosmall.Ihaveoutgrownit.Ourkitchentaleismoresolidlyconstructedthanthechairsandwillprobablyoutlastthem.WescoredatouchdownwhenJoecaughtaforwardpassandoutranhispursuers.InhisdetectivestoriesJimmanagestooutwitthecleverestcriminals.Amasqueradeisalwaysinterestingbecausepeoplecomeinsuchoutlandishcostumes.Marysometimeshurtsotherswhenshecriticizestheirworkbecausesheistoooutspoken.-Over-too,overDonottakemoreofthemedicinethanthedoctorordered;anoverdosemaybedangerous.Wehaveashortageofskilledtechniciansbutanoversupplyofunskilledworkers.ItwouldoverburdenmetohavemypianolessonThursdaybecause1havesomuchhomeworkonthatday.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第22/29页）2009-）-21上午03:01:52Joeoverestimatedthecapacityofthebuswhenhethoughtitcouldhold60;ithasroomforonly48.Theirgaietieswereovershadowedbythesadnews.Thedepartmentstoreguardswerenearlyoverwhelmedbythecrowdsofshopperswaitingforthesaletobegin.Whenthemonitorgavetoomanyorders,thetecherscoldedhimforbeingoverbearing.IwassosureofpassingthatIwasn'tgoingtostudy.butDadadvisedmenottobeoversonfident.Becausetheservicewaspoor.MotherthoughtDadwasovergenerousinleavingthewaitera15%tip.Un-notTheaudiencewasbreathlesswithanxietyduringthedaringtightropeact.thoughtheacrobatsthemselvesperformedwithseemingunconcernfortheirownsafety.IfyouthinkIcangetMr.Blacktohireyoubecauseheismycousinjetmeundeceiveyou.Ihavenoinfluencewithhim.Theunsportsmanlikenoisesofthefanssounnervedourstarplayerthathemissedtwofoulshotsinarow.Theprevioussecretaryhadmixedupthefilessobadlythatittookmysisteraboutaweektounscramblethem.Whenmutinoussailorswereputinironsintheoldendays,nobodywasallowedtounshacklethem.Thoughanabridgeddictionaryisconvenienttouse,itcontainsfarfewerdefinitionsthananunabridgeddictionary.Don'taskthemotherofacontestanttoserveasajudgebecauseitmaybehardforhertoremainunbiased.Manyteenagershaveanunquenchablethirstforadventurestories;theyreadoneafteranother.Anunwarypedestrianismuchmorelikelytobestruckbyacarthanonewholooksbothwaysandcrosseswiththelight.Onitswaythroughthedensejungle,thepatrolhadtobeconstantlywaryofenemysoldiersconcealedintheunderbrush.Mostundergraduatestakefouryearstoearnadegree.butsomeachieveitsoonerbyattendingsummersessions.IftoolittleisdeductedfromDad'sweeklywagesforincometax.itresultsinanunderpaymentattheendoftheyear.Amongtheundersignedinthepetitiontothegovernorweresomeofthemostprominentpersonsinthestate.Frank'sremarkthathewas''slightlybruised''intheaccidentisanunderstatement^iesufferedtwofracturedribs.Whilethestarisrecuperatingfromherillness.herrolewillbeplayedbyherunderstudy.Whenwetakenotes.ourteacherwantsustounderscoreitemsthatareespeciallyimportant.Whendiscounthousestriedtounderselldepartmentstoresjhelatterreducedpricestoo.andadoptedtheslogan''Wewillnotbeundersold/,Ourcountryhasspentbillionsofdollarstohelptheunderdevelopednationsimprovetheirstandardofliving.Theunderprivilegedchildfromthecrowdedslumtenementhasmanymoreproblemstoovercomethanthechildfromthemiddle-classhome.Up~up,upwardTheprimeminister'sproposalfornewtaxescreatedsuchanupheavalthathisgovernmentfell.Ourneighbortradedinhisoldcarbecausetheupkeephadbecometoohigh.Whenthenewrepresentativeenteredthelegislature.someoldermemversreceivedhimcoldlybecausetheyregardedhimasanupstart. 87MostmerchantsreportaslowdowninsalesforOctober.butconfidentlyexpectanupturnwiththeapproachofChristmas.Ourworldgeographyteaherhasjustreceivedanupdatedmapthatshowsthelatestnationalboundaries.Toqualifyforbetterjobs,manyemployeesattendeveningcourseswheretheycanupgradetheirskills.Theloveoflibertyissofirmlyembeddedinmen'sheartsthatnotyrantcanhopetouprootit.Themanagementwillbegladtomailyouitsleaflet.whichcontainsnewsofupcomingfilms.Whenknockedoffhisjawbone.theboxerwaitedtillthecountofninebeforereturningtoanuprightposition.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第23/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52With---back,away,againstTomismyprincipalbacker;ifhewithdrawshissupport.idon'tseehowIcanbeelected.Myunclepaidforhisvacationtripbymakingawithdrawalfromhisbankaccount.Wetalkedtotheneighbor'syoungsterandtriedtobefriendly.buthedidn'tsayanything;heseemedtobewithdrawn.Pleasedon'tinterruptme.ifyouhavesomethingtosay,withholdyourcommentuntil1havefinishedspeaking.Youremployerisrequiredtodeductacertinamountfromyoursalaryasawithholdingtaxpayabletothefederalgovernment.Thewallsofadammustbestrongenoughtowithstandtremendouswaterpressure.Notwithstandingtheiradvantageofheight.thevisitingplayerswereunabletobeatourbasketballteam.希腦神话Peter.whowaschosenthehandsomestboyintheseniorclass,isquiteanAdonis.AninternationalforceundertheaegisoftheUnitedNationshasbeendispatchedtothetroubledarea.Pioneerwomenwereveritableamazons,performingheavyhouse-holdchoresinadditiontotoilinginthefieldsbesidetheirmenfolk.Theambrosialaromaoftheroastwhettedourappetites.Forreliableinformationaboutpresentnationalboundaries.consultanup-to-dateatlas.Thedarknesswanedandafaintauroralglowbegantoappearintheeast.At2A.M.theneighborscalledthepolicetoquellthebacchanalianrevelryintheupstairsapartment.Atfirst,RobertFulton'splansforhissteamboatwerederidedaschimericalnonsense.ThedictatortookDraconianmeasuresagainstthosehesuspectedofplottingarebellion.StudentsstudyingforfinalexaminationsyeamfortheElysianidlenessofthesummervacation.Thepicketsdidnotallowthemselvestobeprovoked,despitetheunrulycrowdsthatgatheredtohectorthem.AmongtheHerculearntasksconfrontinglargecitiesareslumclearanceandtrafficcontrol.Dadhadtobreakthehermeticsealtogetapillfromthenewbottle.Childrenenjoyblowingiridescentsoapbubblesfrompipes.Ourjovialhostentertaineduswithseveralamusinganecdotesabouthisemployer.Out-oPtownersmayeasilylosetheirwayinNewYorkCily'slabyrinthinesubwaypassages.AllIreceivedinresponsetomyrequestwasthelaconicreply"Widt".Forseveralhousaftertheoperationthepatientwaslethargicbecauseoftheanesthetic.ThanksgivingdinneratGrandmother'sisalmostaLucullanfeast.TheHelvetianswereamartialpeoplewhotriedtoconquersouthernGaul.Theretiringforemanwspersuadedtostayonfbramonthasmentortohissuccessor.Theolderpartnerisratherdullandmorose.buttheyoungerhasamercurialtemperamentthatappealstocustomers.Thedictatorsurroundedhimselfwithmyrmidonswhowouldloyallyandpitilesslyexecuteallorders.Napoleoncrushedmanyopponents.butWfellingtonprovedtobehisnemesis.Yourtravelagentwillgladlyplanayear,sodysseytoplacesofinterestaroundtheworld.Whenthevictorywasannounced,peopledancedinthestreetsandsangpaeansofjoy.Thelittlegirlhabitullyfellasleepclutchingabattereddoll.herpalladium.Apanicensuedwhensomeoneinthecrowdedauditoriumyelled"Fire!”http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第24/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Inanhour-longphilippic,thelegislatordenouncedthelobbyistsopposinghisbill.Ahandfulofplutocraticinvestors.eachowningmorethanathousandshares,determinedthepoliciesofthecorporation.Themartinetgovernedhisclassroomwithprocrusteandiscipline,assigningaweek'sdetentiontoalloffenders.nomatterwhattheoffense. 88Thewitness'proteantacticsundercross-examinationgavetheimpressionthathewasuntrustworthy.OurwinningtheopeninggamewsaPyrrhicvictory,asourleadingscorerwsseriouslyinjured.Myformerroommatewasasaturninescholarwhosaidverylittleandsmiledrarely.Theenemyemployedared-hairedsirenasaspy.Nextweekthesolonswillreturntothecapitalfortheopeningofthelegislature.Speaksoftly:youdon'tneedastentorianvoicetobeheardinthissmallroom.Apowerfailureat11^）3P.M.plungedthecityintoStygianblackness.Theconsideratehostessremovedthestrawberryshortcakefromthelabelsoasnottotantalizeherweight-consciousguest.Thereviewerslaudedtheballettroupeforitsterpsichoreanartistry.Ifyouenjoyactinginplaysjoinyourschool'sthespianclub.Byatitaniceffort,outfootballteamwonthevictory.法语描述人物Byreadingreviews,youcankeepaucourantwithnewdevelopmentsinliterature.filmsjelevision.andthetheater.Ednahasbeenattendingtoomanypartiesduringtheholidays;sheappearsblase.Shelookedverychicinhernewhat.Theheadwaiterwsdebonairwiththeguestsbutfirmwiththewaiters.Ournewsupervisoriscleverinmattersinwhichhispredecessorwasmaladroit.Youarenaiveifyoubelieveimplacablefoescanbereconciledeasily.Iamamazedthatyoucanbesononchalantaboutthecomingtestwheneveryoneelseissoworried.表示人物Wewereunabletoseetheambassador.butwespoketooneoftheattaches.Avirilebourgeoisiecontributestoanation'sprosperity.WhomdidthePresidentdesignateascharged'affaireswhenherecalledtheambassador?Toverifythegem'svalue,weconsultedaconnoisseurofrarediamonds.Helenwon'tbowlwithusshehasherowncoterieofbowlingfriends.Thedebutante'sphotographwasattheheadofthesocietypage.SamuelAdamswasapassionatedevoteeofAmericanindependence.Fredlikestoconsiderhimselfamemberoftheintellectualelite.Acommitteewsformedtofindhousingandemploymentfortheanxiousemigres.Whatentrepreneurwillinvesthiscapitalunlessthereissomeprospectofaprofit?ThePresident'senvoytotheconferencehasnotyetbeenchosen.MadelineintroducedMr.Coleasherfiance.Thecharged'affairesrequestedthatextragendarmesbepostedoutsidetheembassy.Shewasassimpleandprettyasafilmingenue.Themaitred'hotelsupervisesthewaiters.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第25/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Ourdeanisanunderstandingcounselor.notamartinet.Anunexpectedinheritancecatapultedhimintotheranksofthenouveauxriches.Heisaprotegeofmanypopes.MarkTwainwasanexcellentraconteur.人的情感Theviolinistperformedwithrareeclat.Becausethecasthadrehearsedwithsuchelan.thedirectorhadfewapprehensionsabouttheopening-nightperformance.Youtoowouldsufferfromennuiifyouhadtospendmonthsinahospitalbed.TheemployeesshowedextraordinaryespritdecorpswhentheyvolunteeredtoworkSaturdaysfrothedurationofthecrisis. 89Theadroitprosecutorarrangedhisquestionswithadmirabefinesse.Byafeatoflegerdemain.themagicianproducedarabbitfromhishat.Aftertheheavyjatesupper.heexperiencedafeelingofmalaise.Intheoldendays,kingsandothernobles,observingtheprincipleofnoblesseovlige.foughtattheheadoftheirtroops.AcommoninterestingardeningbroughtMollyandLorettaintocloserrapport.Heplayedthegamewithperfectsangfroid.Youneedbothcapitalandsavoirfairetobeasuccessfulentrepreneur.说Z写Oncommencementdayweshallbidadieutoouralmamater.SinceIhopetoseeyouagain.Tilsayaurevoirratherthanadieu.Atimelybillet-douxcanpatchupalovers'quarrel.Heoftensetsthetablea-roaringwithawell-placedbonmot.Thishelpfulbrochureexplainssocialsecuritybenefits.Ittookapublicappearancebythemonarchtosilencethecanardthathehadbeenassassinated.Twoclichesthatwecaneasilydowithoutaref'firstandforemost'*and**lastbutnotleast.^^Thejuniorsexpecttowin,but.entrenous,theirchancesarenottoogood.Toimproveyourwriting,trytoHndthemotjusteforeachideaandavoidcliches.Includeonlytheessentialpointswhenyouwriteaprecis.JamesBoswelladmiredSamuelJohnson'spowerofrepartee.Theinstructoraskedforaresumeofthelastlesson.Surprisedtoseehimeatingtheapplecore,Iasked/'Ubn'titaffectyou?'~'Pleasurabiy'washisriposte.Beforeanswerin,thewitnesshadatete-a-tetewithhisattorney.情势Sheenjoyedallhersubjectsexceptmathematics,herbetenoire.Theemployergavehissecretarycarteblancheinmanagingtheroutineaffairsoftheoffice.ThetrialofJohnPeterZenger,acausecelebreintheeighteenthcentury.helpedtoestablishfreedomofthepressinAmerica.Paintingprovedtobeacul-de-sacforPhilipCarey.ashehadnorealtalent.ThedebacleatWaterloosignaledtheendofNapoleon'spower.SinceMothercouldn'tdecidewhetherornottobuythedressfbrme,Iplannedtobuyitmyselfandpresentherwithafaitaccompli.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第26/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52However,itturnedouttobeafauxpas.asMothermademereturnthedress.Theforemanreportedthatthejurycoulddeliberatenofurthenastheyhadreadchedanimpasse.Byjoiningthealumniassociation.graduatescanmaintiantheirliaisonwiththeschool.Ourlastamateurshowwasamelangeofdramaticskits,acrobatics.ballet,populartunes.andclassicalmusic.Thesheetofwaterwethoughtwesawontheroadaheadturnedouttobeonlyamirage.历史和政府Napoleonseizedpowerbyacoupd'etat.Hitler'sattackonRussia.shortlyafterhispactwithStalin.wasastunningdemarche.Aneffectiveworlddisarmamenttreatyshouldbringadetenteininternationaltensions.CanadaandtheUnitedStateshavealong-standingententeonborderproblems.AdamSmithbelievedapolicyoflaissez-fairetowardbusinesswouldbenefitanation.Dr.Manettewasimprisonedthroughalettredecachet.Thegradualrapprochementbetweenthesetwonations.longtraditionalenemies,cheeredallEuropeans.Thecoupd'etatbroughttopoweraregimethatrestoredcivillibertiestotheoppressedpeople.艺术 90WaltWhitmanwasnoconservative;hisdaringinnovationsinpoetryplacehimintheavant=gardeofnineteenth-centurywriters.TheancientGreekParthenonisfamedforitsbeautifulsculptureinbas-relief.Adownbeatisthedownwardstrokeoftheconductor'sbaton.denotingtheprincipallyaccentednoteofameasure.ManyconnoisseursregardHamletasShakespeare'schefd'oeuvre.InthedenouementofGreatExpectations,welearnthatPip、secretbenefactoristherunawayconvictwhomPiphadoncehelped.Inappreciationoftheenthusiasticapplause.thevocalistsanganencore.TheliterarygenretowhichPoecontributedmostistheshortstory.Atlastnight'smusicaleinmycousin'shouse.wewereentertainedbyastringquartet.Afterafewcanvasstrokes.theartistreapplieshisbrushtohispaletteformorepaint.Theguitaristapologizedfornotbeingabletoplaytherequestednumber.explainingthatitwasnotinhisrepertoire.JamesJoyce'sDublinersofferssomeunforgettablevignettesoflifeinDublinatthetumofthecentury.食品Ifyouorderanalacartedinner.youselectwhateveryouwishfromthebilloffare.payingonlyfbrthedishesordered.Selectanonalcoholicappetizer.suchastomatojuicejfyoudonotcareforeanaperitif.ForSt.Valentine'sDay.Motherreceivedaheart-shapedboxofdeliciousbonbons.AroundthecomerisarestaurantspecializinginFrenchcuisine.AuntDorothyalwaystakescreamwithhercoffee;sheisnotfondofdemitasse.Wehadachoiceofthefollowingentrees:roastbeef.friedchicken.orbakedmackerel.Becausetheycontainnobonesorexcessfat.filetsaremoreexpensivethanordinarycutsofmeat.Motherwillneedolives.celery.andanchoviesforherhorsd'oeuvres.Ifyoueattoomuchoftheintroductorydishes,youwillhavelittleappetiteforthepiecederesistance.Ifyouorderatabled'hotedinner.youpaythepricefixedfortheentiredinner.evenifyoudonothavesomeofthedishes.穿着http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第27/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Schoolcorridorsandstairwayswouldhavetobewidenedconsiderablyifallgirlsweretowearbouffantskirts.Thoughmorecomfortablethanmostotherdresses.thechemisehasoftenbeenridiculedforitsshapelessness.Sally'sattractivenewcoiffurewsarrangedfbrherbymysister'shairstylist.AttheChristmasseason,ladiesoftenadorntheircoatswithahollycorsage.Mycousinsentmealightblushirtandanavybluecravat.Tbaddatouchofbrightcolortoheroutfitjaneworeaflamboyantscarf.Theactor'sbaldnesswascleverlyconcealedbyaverynatural-lookingtoupee.Women'sfashionschangerapid!y;whatisinstyletodaymaybeoutofvoguetomorrow.其他Dietersconstantlychecktheiravoirdupois.Payattentiontoimportantmatters;don'twastetimeonbagatelles.Asergeantunholsteredhispistolandranforwardtogivethecoupdegrace.Thepatient'scheerfulsmilewasjustafacade^ctually,shewassufferingfromennui.Retiringemployeesareoftenfetedataspecialdinner.Let'smeetinthefoyeroftheBijouTheater.Davidfounditmucheasiertomakefriendsinhisnewmilieu.Insummerwhenyoustrollonehboardwalkinthenoondaysun,itisadvisabletotakealongaparasol.CharlesDickenswasaraconteurparexcellence.Sincetheyareheldinplacebyaspringthatpinchesthenose.pince-nezmaynotbeascomfortableasordinaryeyeglasses.Abeisveryfondofgoldzhefeelsitishischiefraisond'etre.Weagreedtomeetafterthetestatthecomerice-creamparlor.ourusualrendezvous. 911knewthatDadwascomingtoletmeinbecauseIrecognizedhissilhouettebehindthecurtaineddoor.AndrewJacksonwasknownbythesobriquet**OldHickory.''Tomostgraduatesthesenioryearbookisatreasuredsouvenirofhighschooldays.George'ssixty-yardtouchdownrunwasanadmirabletourdeforcethatwonthegameforus.Atthebanquettable.Ihadthegoodfortunetositvis-a-visanknockoutoldschoolchum.AdditionWillbeneatenedImmortalityEnd[fishl]Seizeup;机器失灵;卡住了.Seizewith和getarrest差不多[fish2]tangibleasset有形资产（tangible切实的）[fish3]occupation=professionmsh4]合并v.n.=anaexation[fish51fearless无惧,记不记得辛特勒名单中的fearlessStan.|fish6|Distinguish'hunt'or'haunt'（fish71graduallyviolent:I.tumult2.turmoil3.commotion4.riothttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第28/29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52[Hsh8distinguish'drop'or4drip'or*drape'I.drape=curtainORdrape=hang|flsh9]温文尔雅[fishlO|adverse反对的;averseto嫌恶[fish11]validate;substantiate;attestto;makesure;prove;confirm;corroborate[fish12]smother;suffocate;bemuffledcausestifle[fishl3]组织构造[fishl4]正直的;谨慎的[fishl5]王熙凤?[Rshl6]Shapping;limberupjelax;elastic;pliable;spread[fishl7]搅和,融合,混合[Rshl8]伤势[fishl91destroy毁灭destiny命运|fish20]pokearound=stroll=saunter[fish21Jprobe探求;investigate调杳;magneticneedle|fish22]消防官50篇应该背诵的英文请输入关键字作者:本站来源:本站整理发布时间:2008-12-1920:17:59减小字体增大字体01TheLanguageofMusicApainterhangshisorherfinishedpicturesonawall,andeveryonecanseeit.Acomposerwritesawork,butnoonecanhearituntilitisperformed.Professionalsingersandplayershavegreatresponsibilities,forthecomposerisutterlydependentonthem.Astudentofmusicneedsaslongandasarduousatrainingtobecomeaperformerasamedicalstudentneedstobecomeadoctor.Mosttrainingisconcernedwithtechnique,formusicianshavetohavethemuscularproficiencyofanathleteoraballetdancer.Singerspracticebreathingeveryday,astheirvocalchordswouldbeinadequatewithoutcontrolledmuscularsupport.Stringplayerspracticemovingthefingersofthelefthandupanddown,whiledrawingthebowtoandfrowiththerightarm-twoentirelydifferentmovements.Singersandinstrumentshavetobeabletogeteverynoteperfectlyintune.Pianistsaresparedthisparticularanxiety,forthenotesarealreadythere,waitingforthem,anditisthepianotuner'sresponsibilitytotunetheinstrumentforthem.Buttheyhavetheirowndifficulties;thehammersthathitthestringhavetobecoaxednottosoundlikepercussion,andeachoverlappingtonehastosoundclear.Thisproblemofgettingcleartextureisonethatconfrontsstudentconductors:theyhavetolearntoknoweverynoteofthemusicandhowitshouldsound,andtheyhavetoaimatcontrollingthesesoundwithfanaticalbutselflessauthority.Techniqueisofnouseunlessitiscombinedwithmusicalknowledgeandunderstanding.Greatartistsarethosewhoaresothoroughlyathomeinthelanguageofmusicthattheycanenjoyperformingworkswritteninanycentury.02SchoolingandEducationItiscommonlybelievedinUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshowerorinthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone'sentirelife.Schooling,ontheotherhand,isaspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Theslicesofrealitythat 92aretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattherenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.03TheDefinitionof"Price”Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professional,transportation,andpublic-utilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe"system"ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price"，manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorserviceor,inotherwordsthatpriceisthemoneyvaluesofaproductorserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatapplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal"package''beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.04ElectricityThemodernageisanageofelectricity.Peoplearesousedtoelectriclights,radio,televisions,andtelephonesthatitishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthem.Whenthereisapowerfailure,peoplegropeaboutinflickeringcandlelight,carshesitateinthestreetsbecausetherearenotrafficlightstoguidethem,andfoodspoilsinsilentrefrigerators.Yet,peoplebegantounderstandhowelectricityworksonlyalittlemorethantwocenturiesago.Naturehasapparentlybeenexperimentinginthisfieldformillionofyears.Scientistsarediscoveringmoreandmorethatthelivingworldmayholdmanyinterestingsecretsofelectricitythatcouldbenefithumanity.Alllivingcellsendouttinypulsesofelectricity.Astheheartbeats,itsendsoutpulsesofrecord;theyformanelectrocardiogram,whichadoctorcanstudytodeterminehowwelltheheartisworking.Thebrain,too,sendsoutbrainwavesofelectricity,whichcanberecordedinanelectroencephalogram.Theelectriccurrentsgeneratedbymostlivingcellsareextremelysmall-oftensosmallthatsensitiveinstrumentsareneededtorecordthem.Butinsomeanimals,certainmusclecellshavebecomesospecializedaselectricalgeneratorsthattheydonotworkasmusclecellsatall.Whenlargenumbersofthesecellarelinkedtogether,theeffectscanbeastonishing.Theelectriceelisanamazingstoragebattery.Itcanseedajoltofasmuchaseighthundredvoltsofelectricitythroughthewaterinwhichitlive.(Anelectrichousecurrentisonlyonehundredtwentyvolts.)Asmanyasfour-fifthsofallthecellsintheelectriceel'sbodyarespecializedforgeneratingelectricity,andthestrengthoftheshockitcandelivercorrespondsroughlytolengthofitsbody.05TheBeginningofDramaTherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonmostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld-eventheseasonalchanges-asunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeanstocontroltheseunknownandfearedpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftheriles.Astimepassedsomeritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused,Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformancesandhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22(第3/31页)2(X)9-1-21上午03:02:59whentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe"actingarea"andthe"auditorium."Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeings,andmimedthedesiredeffect-successinhuntorbattle,thecomingrain,therevivaloftheSun-asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisviestales(aboutthehunt,war.orotherfeats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthatareimitationsofanimalmovementsandsounds.06TelevisionTelevisionthemostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmodemtechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth-ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionand 93computertechnologies.Theword"television",derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visisight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolfbrreachingotherhumanbeings.Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnonbroadcasttelevision,whichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforaboutthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks.ABC.NBC.andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnews,information,andentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第4/31页）2009-1-21上午03:025907AndrewCarnegieAndrewCarnegie,knownastheKingofSteel,builtthesteelindustryintheUnitedStates,and.intheドocess.becameoneofthewealthiestmeninAmerica.Hissuccessresultedinpartfromhisabilitytosellthe国oductandinpartfromhispolicyofexpandingduringperiodsofeconomicdecline,whenmostofhiscompetitorswerereducingtheirinvestments.Carnegiebelievedthatindividualsshouldprogressthroughhardwork,buthealsofeltstronglythatthewealthyshouldusetheirfortunesforthebenefitofsociety.Heopposedcharity,preferringinsteadtoprovideeducationalopportunitiesthatwouldallowotherstohelpthemselves."Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced,"heoftensaid.Amonghismorenoteworthycontributionstosocietyarethosethatbearhisname,includingtheCarnegieInstituteofPittsburgh,whichhasalibrary,amuseumoffinearts,andamuseumofnationalhistory.HealsofoundedaschooloftechnologythatisnowpartofCamegie-MellonUniversity.OtherphilanthrophicgiftsaretheCarnegieEndowmentforInternationalPeacetopromoteunderstandingbetweennations,theCarnegieInstituteofWashingtontofundscientificresearch,andCarnegieHalltoprovideacenterforthearts.FewAmericanshavebeenleftuntouchedbyAndrewCarnegie'sgenerosity.Hiscontributionsofmorethanfivemilliondollarsestablished2,500librariesinsmallcommunitiesthroughoutthecountryandformedthenucleusofthepubliclibrarysystemthatweallenjoytoday.08AmericanRevolutionTheAmericanRevolutionwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework,suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia,whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations.Significantchangeswereusheredin.buttheywerenotbreathtaking.Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution.Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying,marryingandplaying.Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting,andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason.America'sWarofIndependenceheraldedthebirthofthreemodemnations.OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhotiedtherefromtheUnitedStates.AnotherwasAustralia,whichbecameapenalcolonynowthatAmericawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors.Thethirdnewcomer-theUnitedStates-baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples.Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose.Insomestates,notablyConnecticutandRhodeIsland,thewarlargelyratifiedacolonialself-rulealreadyexisting.Britishofficials,everywhereousted,werereplacedbyahome-growngoverningclass,whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandParliament.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第5/31页）2009-1-21上午03:0259IfbyMsuburb"ismeantanurbanmarginthatgrowsmorerapidlythanitsalreadydevelopedinterior,theprocessofsuburbanizationbeganduringtheemergenceoftheindustrialcityinthesecondquarterofthenineteenthcentury.Beforethatperiodthecitywasasmallhighlycompactclusterinwhichpeoplemovedaboutonfootandgoodswereconveyedbyhorseandcart.Buttheearlyfactoriesbuiltinthe1840'swerelocatedalongwaterwaysandnearrailheadsattheedgesofcities,andhousingwasneededforthethousandsofpeopledrawnbytheprospectofemployment.Intime,thefactoriesweresurroundedbyproliferatingmilltownsofapartmentsandrowhousesthatabuttedtheolder,maincities.Asadefenseagainstthisencroachmentandtoenlargetheirtaxbases,thecitiesappropriatedtheirindustrialneighbors.In1854,forexample,thecityofPhiladelphiaannexedmostofPhiladelphiaCounty.SimilarmunicipalmaneuverstookplaceinChicagoandinNewYork.Indeed,mostgreatcitiesoftheUnitedStatesachievedsuchstatusonlybyincorporatingthecommunitiesalongtheirborders.Withtheaccelerationofindustrialgrowthcameacuteurbancrowdingandaccompanyingsocialstress-conditionsthatbegantoapproachdisastrousproportionswhen,in1888.thefirstcommerciallysuccessfulelectrictractionlinewasdeveloped.Withinafewyearsthehorse-drawntrolleyswereretiredandelectricstreetcarnetworkscrisscrossedandconnectedeverymajorurbanarea,fosteringawaveofsuburbanizationthattransformedthecompactindustrialcityintoadispersedmetropolis.Thisfirst 94phaseofmass-scalesuburbanizationwasreinforcedbythesimultaneousemergenceoftheurbanMiddleClass,whosedesiresforhomeownershipinneighborhoodsfarfromtheaginginnercityweresatisfiedbythedevelopersofsingle-familyhousingtracts.10TypesofSpeechStandardusageincludesthosewordsandexpressionsunderstood,used,andacceptedbyamajorityofthespeakersofalanguageinanysituationregardlessofthelevelofformality.Assuch,thesewordsandexpressionsarewelldefinedandlistedinstandarddictionaries.Colloquialisms,ontheotherhand,arefamiliarwordsandidiomsthatareunderstoodbyalmostallspeakersofalanguageandusedininformalspeechorwriting,butnotconsideredappropriateformoreformalsituations.Almostallidiomaticexpressionsarecolloquiallanguage.Slang,however,referstowordsandexpressionsunderstoodbyalargenumberofspeakersbutnotacceptedasgood,formalusagebythemajority.Colloquialexpressionsandevenslangmaybefoundinstandarddictionariesbutwillbesoidentified.Bothcolloquialusageandslangaremorecommoninspeechthaninwriting.Colloquialspeechoftenpassesintostandardspeech.Someslangalsopassesintostandardspeech,butotherslangexpressionsenjoymomentarypopularityfollowedbyobscurity.Insomecases,themajorityneveracceptscertainslangphrasesbutneverthelessretainsthemintheircollectivememories.Everygenerationseemstorequireitsownsetofwordstodescribefamiliarobjectsandevents.Ithasbeenpointedoutbyanumberoflinguiststhatthreeculturalconditionsarenecessaryforthecreationofalargebodyofslangexpressions.First,theintroductionandacceptanceofnewobjectsandsituationsinthesociety;second,adiversepopulationwithalargenumberofsubgroups;third,associationamongthesubgroupsandthemajoritypopulation.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7ids22(第6/31页)2009”・21上午03:02:59Finally,itisworthnotingthattheterms"standard""colloquial"and"slang"existonlyasabstractlabelsforscholarswhostudylanguage.Onlyatinynumberofthespeakersofanylanguagewillbeawarethattheyareusingcolloquialorslangexpressions.MostspeakersofEnglishwill,duringappropriatesituations,selectanduseallthreetypesofexpressions.11ArchaeologyArchaeologyisasourceofhistory,notjustabumbleauxiliarydiscipline.Archaeologicaldataarehistoricaldocumentsintheirownright,notmereillustrationstowrittentexts.Justasmuchasanyotherhistorian,anarchaeologiststudiesandtriestoreconstitutetheprocessthathascreatedthehumanworldinwhichwelive-andusourselvesinsofarasweareeachcreaturesofourageandsocialenvironment.Archaeologicaldataareallchangesinthematerialworldresultingfromhumanactionor,moresuccinctly,thefossilizedresultsofhumanbehavior.Thesumtotaloftheseconstituteswhatmaybecalledthearchaeologicalrecord.Thisrecordexhibitscertainpeculiaritiesanddeficienciestheconsequencesofwhichproducearathersuperficialcontrastbetweenarchaeologicalhistoryandthemorefamiliarkindbaseduponwrittenrecords.Notallhumanbehaviorfossilizes.ThewordsIutterandyouhearasvibrationsintheairarecertainlyhumanchangesinthematerialworldandmaybeofgreathistoricalsignificance.Yettheyleavenosortoftraceinthearchaeologicalrecordsunlesstheyarecapturedbyadictaphoneorwrittendownbyaclerk.Themovementoftroopsonthebattlefieldmay"changethecourseofhistory,"butthisisequallyephemeralfromthearchaeologist'sstandpoint.Whatisperhapsworse,mostorganicmaterialsareperishable.Everythingmadeofwood,hide,wool,linen,grass,hair,andsimilarmaterialswilldecayandvanishindustinafewyearsorcenturies,saveunderveryexceptionalconditions.Inarelativelybriefperitxlthearchaeologicalrecordisreducetomerescrapsofstone,bone,glass,metal,andearthenware.Stillmodernarchaeology,byapplyingappropriatetechniquesandcomparativemethods,aidedbyafewluckyfindsfrompeat-bogs,deserts,andfrozensoils,isabletofillupagooddealofthegap.12MuseumsFromBostontoLosAngeles,fromNewYorkCitytoChicagotoDallas,museumsareeitherplanning,building,orwrappingupwholesaleexpansionprograms.Theseprogramsalreadyhaveradicallyalteredfacadesandfloorplansorareexpectedtodosointhenot-too-distantfuture.InNewYorkCityalone,sixmajorinstitutionshavespreadupandoutintotheairspaceandneighborhoodsaroundthemorarepreparingtodoso.Thereasonsforthisconfluenceofactivityarecomplex,butonefactorisaconsiderationeverywhere-space.Withcollectionsexpanding,withtheneedsandfunctionsofmuseumschanging,emptyspacehasbecomeaverypreciouscommodity.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22(第7/31页)2009-1-21上午03:02:59ProbablynowhereinthecountryisthismoretruethanatthePhiladelphiaMuseumofArt.whichhasneededadditionalspacefordecadesandwhichreceiveditslastsignificantfacelifttenyearsago.Becauseofthespacecrunch,theArtMuseumhasbecomeincreasinglycautiousinconsideringacquisitionsanddonationsofart,insomecasespassingupopportunitiestostrengthenitscollections.Deaccessing-orsellingoff-worksofarthastakenonnewimportancebecauseofthemuseum'sspaceproblems.Andincreasingly,curatorshavebeenforcedtojugglegalleryspace,rotatingonemasterpieceintopublicviewwhileanotherissenttostorage.Despitetheclearneedforadditionalgalleryandstoragespace,however,"themuseumhasnoplan,noplantobreakoutofitsenvelopeinthenextfifteenyears,"accordingtoPhiladelphiaMuseumofArt'spresident.13SkyscrapersandEnvironmentInthelate1960's,manypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblems,andnewsteel-andglassskyscraperswerewidelycriticized.Ecologistspointedoutthataclusteroftallbuildingsinacityoftenoverburdenspublictransportationandparkinglotcapacities.Skyscrapersarealsolavishconsumers,andwasters,ofelectricpower.Inonerecentyear,theadditionof17millionsquarefeetofskyscraperofficespaceinNew 95YorkCityraisedthepeakdailydemandfbrelectricityby120,()(X)kilowatts-enoughtosupplytheentirecityofAlbany,NewYork,foraday.Glass-walledskyscraperscanbeespeciallywasteful.Theheatloss(orgain)lhroughawallofhalf-inchplateglassismorethantentimesthatthroughatypicalmasonrywallfilledwithinsulationboard.Tolessenthestrainonheatingandair-conditioningequipment,buildersofskyscrapershavebeguntousedouble-glazedpanelsofglass,andreflectiveglassescoatedwithsilverorgoldmirrorfilmsthatreduceglareaswellasheatgain.However,mirror-walledskyscrapersraisethetemperatureofthesurroundingairandaffectneighboringbuildings.Skyscrapersputaseverestrainonacity'ssanitationfacilities,too.Iffullyoccupied,thetwoWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkCitywouldalonegenerate2.25milliongallonsofrawsewageeachyear-asmuchasacitythesizeofStanford,Connecticut,whichhasapopulationofmorethan109,000.10ARareFossilRecordThepreservationofembryosandjuvenilesisarateoccurrenceinthefossilrecord.Thetiny,delicateskeletonsareusuallyscatteredbyscavengersordestroyedbyweatheringbeforetheycanbefossilized.Ichthyosaurshadahigherchanceofbeinghttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22(第8/31页)2009-I-21上午03:02:59preservedthandidterrestrialcreaturesbecause,asmarineanimals,theytendedtoliveinenvironmentslesssubjecttoerosion.Still,theirfossilizationrequiredasuiteoffactors:aslowrateofdecayofsofttissues,littlescavengingbyotheranimals,alackofswiftcurrentsandwavestojumbleandcarryawaysmallbones,andfairlyrapidburial.Giventhesefactors,someareashavebecomeatreasuryofwell-preservedichthyosaurfossils.ThedepositsatHolzmaden.Germany,presentaninterestingcasefbranalysis.Theichthyosaurremainsarefoundinblack,bituminousmarineshalesdepositedabout190millionyearsago.Overtheyears,thousandsofspecimensofmarinereptiles,fishandinvertebrateshavebeenrecoveredfn)mtheserocks.Thequalityofpreservationisoutstanding,butwhatisevenmoreimpressiveisthenumberofichthyosaurfossilscontainingpreservedembryos.Ichthyosaurswithembryoshavebeenreportedfrom6differentlevelsoftheshaleinasmallareaaroundHolzmaden,suggestingthataspecificsitewasusedbylargenumbersofichthyosaursrepeatedlyovertime.Theembryosarequiteadvancedintheirphysicaldevelopment;theirpaddles,forexample,arealreadywellformed.Onespecimenisevenpreservedinthebirthcanal.Inaddition,theshalecontainstheremainsofmanynewbornsthatarebetween20and30incheslong.WhyaretheresomanypregnantfemalesandyoungatHolzmadenwhentheyaresorareelsewhere?Thequalityofpreservationisalmostunmatchedandquarryoperationshavebeencarriedoutcarefullywithanawarenessofthevalueofthefossils.Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfbrtheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth.11TheNobelAcademyForthelast82years,Sweden'sNobelAcademyhasdecidedwhowillreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature,therebydeterminingwhowillbeelevatedfromthegreatandtheneargreattotheimmortal.ButtodaytheAcademyiscomingunderheavycriticismbothfromthewithoutandfromwithin.CriticscontendthattheselectionofthewinnersoftenhaslesstodowithtruewritingabilitythanwiththepeculiarinternalpoliticsoftheAcademyandofSwedenitself.AccordingtoIngmarBjorksten,theculturaleditorforoneofthecountrystwomajornewspapers,theprizecontinuestorepresent"whatpeoplecallaverySwedishexercise:reflectingSwedishtastes."TheAcademyhasdefendeditselfagainstsuchchargesofprovincialisminitsselectionbyassertingthatitsphysicaldistancefromthegreatliterarycapitalsoftheworldactuallyservestoprotecttheAcademyfromoutsideinfluences.Thismaywellbetrue,butcriticsrespondthatthisverydistancemayalsoberesponsiblefortheAcademy'sinabilitytoperceiveaccuratelyauthentictrendsintheliteraryworld.Regardlessofconcernsovertheselectionprocess,however,itseemsthattheprizewillcontinuetosurvivebothasanindicatoroftheliteraturethatwemosthighlypraise,andasanelusivegoalthatwritersseek.Iffornootherreason,theprizewillcontinuetobedesirableforthefinancialrewardsthataccompanyit;notonlyisthecashprizeitselfconsiderable,butitalsodramaticallyincreasessalesofanauthorsbooks.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22(第9/31页)2(X)9-1-21上午03:02:5912.thewarbetweenBritainandFranceInthelateeighteenthcentury,battlesragedinalmosteverycomerofEurope,aswellasintheMiddleEast,southAfrica,the佻stIndies,andIwtinAmerica.Inreality,however,therewasonlyonemajorwarduring由istime,thewarbetweenBritainandFrance.Allotherbattleswereancillarytothislargerconflict,andwereoftenatleastpartiallyrelatedtoitsantagonist'goalsandstrategies.FrancesoughttotaldominationofEurope.thisgoalwasobstructedbyBritishindependenceandBritain'seffortsthroughoutthecontinenttothwartNapoleon;throughtreaties.Britainbuiltcoalitions(notdissimilarinconcepttotoday,sNATO)guaranteeingBritishparticipationinallmajorEuropeanconflicts.Thesetwoantagonistswerepoorlymatched,insofarastheyhadveryunequalstrengths;Francewaspredominantonland,Britainatsea.TheFrenchknewthat,shortofdefeatingtheBritishnavy,theironlyhopeofvictorywastoclosealltheportsofEuropetoBritishships.Accordingly,FrancesetouttoovercomeBritainbyextendingitsmilitarydominationfromMoscowtLisbon,fromJutlandtoCalabria.Allofthisentailedtremendousrisk,becauseFrancedidnothavethemilitaryresourcestocontrolthismuchterritoryandstillprotectitselfandmaintainorderathome.Frenchstrategistscalculatedthatanavyof150shipswouldprovidetheforcenecessarytodefeattheBritishnavy.SuchaforcewouldgiveFranceathree-to-twoadvantageoverBritain.ThisadvantagewasdeemednecessarybecauseofBritain'ssuperiorseaskillsandtechnologybecauseofBritain'ssuperiorseaskillsandtechnology,andalsobecauseBritainwouldbefightingadefensivewar,allowingittowinwithfewerforces.NapoleonneverlostsubstantialimpedimenttohiscontrolofEurope.Ashisforcenearedthatgoal,Napoleongrewincreasinglyimpatientandbeganplanninganimmediateattack. 9610.EvolutionofsleepSleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles.Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpraytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneraseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,theUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhavesuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.11.ModemAmericanUniversities胖胖:）http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第10/31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59Beforethe185O's,theUnitedStateshadanumberofsmallcolleges,mostofthemdatingfromcolonialdays.Theyweresmall,churchconnectedinstitutionswhoseprimaryconcernwastoshapethemoralcharacteroftheirstudents.ThroughoutEurope,institutionsofhigherlearninghaddeveloped,bearingtheancientnameofuniversity.InGermanuniversitywasconcernedprimarilywithcreatingandspreadingknowledge,notmorals.Betweenmid-centuryandtheendofthe1800's,morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermanyforadvancedstudy.SomeofthemreturntobecomepresidentsofvenerablecollegesHarvard.Yale,Columbia一一andtransformthemintomodemuniversities.Thenewpresidentsbrokealltieswiththechurchesandbroughtinanewkindoffaculty.Professorswerehiredfortheirknowledgeofasubject,notbecausetheywereoftheproperfaithandhadastrongarmfordiscipliningstudents.Thenewprinciplewasthatauniversitywastocreateknowledgeaswellaspassiton,andthiscalledforafacultycomposedofteacher-scholars.DrillingandlearningbyrotewerereplacedbytheGermanmethodoflecturing,inwhichtheprofessor'sownresearchwaspresentedinclass.GraduatetrainingleadingtothePh.D..anancientGermandegreesignifyingthehighestlevelofadvancedscholarlyattainment,wasintroduced.Wththeestablishmentoftheseminarsystem,graduatestudentlearnedtoquestion,analyze,andconducttheirownresearch.Atthesametime,thenewuniversitygreatlyexpandedinsizeandcourseofferings,breakingcompletelyoutoftheold,constrictedcurriculumofmathematics,classics,rhetoric,andmusic.ThepresidentofHarvardpioneeredtheelectivesystem,bywhichstudentswereabletochoosetheirowncourseofstudy.Thenotionofmajorfieldsofstudyemerged."rhenewgoalwastomaketheuniversityrelevanttotherealpursuitsoftheworld.Payingcloseheedtothepracticalneedsofsociety,thenewuniversitiestrainedmenandwomentoworkatitstasks,withengineeringstudentsbeingthemostcharacteristicofthenewregime.Studentswerealsotrainedaseconomists,architects,agriculturalists,socialwelfareworkers,andteachers.12.children*snumericalskills怎么还是胖胖:）peopleappeartobomtocompute.Thenumericalskillsofchildrendevelopsoearlyandsoinexorablythatitiseasytoimagineaninternalclockofmathematicalmaturityguidingtheirgrowth.Notlongafterlearningtowalkandtalk,theycansetthetablewithimpressaccuracy--oneknife,onespoon,onefork,foreachofthefivechairs.Soontheyarecapableofnothingthattheyhaveplacedfiveknives,spoonsandforksonthetableand,abitlater,thatthisamountstofifteenpiecesofsilverware.Havingthusmasteredaddition,theymoveontosubtraction.Itseemsalmostreasonabletoexpectthatifachildweresecludedonadesertislandatbirthandretrievedsevenyearslater,heorshecouldenterasecondenterasecond-grademathematicsclasswithoutanyseriousproblemsofintellectualadjustment.Ofcourse,thetruthisnotsosimple.Thiscentury,theworkofcognitivepsychologistshasilluminatedthesubtleformsofdailylearningonwhichintellectualprogressdepends.Childrenwereobservedastheyslowlygraspedor,asthecasemightbe.bumpedintoconceptsthatadultstakeforquantityisunchangedaswaterpoursfromashortglassintoatallthinone.Psychologistshavesincedemonstratedthatyoungchildren,askedtocountthepencilsinapile,readilyreportthenumberofblueorredpencils,butmustbecoaxedintofindingthetotal.Suchstudieshavesuggestedthattherudimentsofhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第!1/31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59mathematicsaremasteredgradually,andwitheffort.Theyhavealsosuggestedthattheveryconceptofabstractnumberstheideaofaoneness,atwoness,athreenessthatappliestoanyclassofobjectsandisaprerequisitefordoinganythingmoremathematicallydemandingthansettingatableisitselffarfrominnate13TheHistoricalSignificanceofAmericanRevolutionThewaysofhistoryaresointricateandthemotivationsofhumanactionssocomplexthatitisalwayshazardoustoattempttorepresenteventscoveringanumberofyears,amultiplicityofpersons,anddistantlocalitiesastheexpressionofoneintellectualorsocialmovement;yetthehistoricalprocesswhichculminatedintheascentofThomasJeffersontothepresidencycanberegardedastheoutstandingexamplenotonlyofthebirthofanewwayoflifebutofnationalismasanewwayoflife.TheAmericanRevolutionrepresentsthelinkbetweentheseventeenthcentury,inwhichmodernEnglandbecameconsciousofitself,andtheawakeningofmodemEuropeattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.ItmayseemstrangethatthemarchofhistoryshouldhavehadtocrosstheAtlanticOcean,butonlyintheNorthAmericancoloniescouldastruggleforciviclibertyleadalsotothefoundationofanewnation.Here,inthepopularrisingagainsta“tyrannical"government,thefruitsweremorethanthesecuringofafreerconstitution.Theyincludedthegrowthofanationbominlibertybythewillofthepeople,notfromtherootsofcommondescent,ageographicentity,ortheambitionsofkingordynasty.WiththeAmericannation,forthefirsttime,anationwasbom,notinthedimpastofhistorybutbeforetheeyesofthewholeworld. 9710TheOriginofSportsWhendidsportbegin?Ifsportis,inessence,play,theclaimmightbemadethatsportismucholderthanhumankind,for.asweallhaveobserved,thebeastsplay.Dogsandcatswrestleandplayballgames.Fishesandbirdsdance.Theapeshavesimple,pleasurablegames.Frolickinginfants,schoolchildrenplayingtag.andadultarmwrestlersaredemonstratingstrong,transgenerationalandtransspeciesbondswiththeuniverseofanimals-past,present,andfuture.Younganimals,particularlytumble,chase,runwrestle,mock,imitate,andlaugh（orsoitseems）tothepointofdelightedexhaustion.Theirplay,andours,appearstoservenootherpurposethantogivepleasuretotheplayers,andapparently,toremoveustemporarilyfromtheanguishoflifeinearnest.Somephilosophershaveclaimedthatourplayfulnessisthemostnoblepartofourbasicnature.Intheirgenerousconceptions,playharmlesslyandexperimentallypermitsustoputourcreativeforces,fantasy,andimaginationintoaction.Playisreleasefromthetediousbattlesagainstscarcityanddeclinewhicharetheincessant,andinevitable,tragediesoflife.Thisisagrandconceptionthatexcitesandprovokes.Theholdersofthisviewclaimthattheoriginsofourhighestaccomplishments—liturgy,literature,andlaw----canbetracedtoaplayimpulsewhich,paradoxically,weseemostpurelyenjoyedbyyoungbeastsandchildren.Oursports,inthisratherhappy,nonfatalisticviewofhumannature,aremoresplendidcreationsofthenondatable,transspeciesplayimpulse.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第12/31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:5911.CollectiblesCollectibleshavebeenapartofalmosteveryculturesinceancienttimes.Whereassomeobjectshavebeencollectedfortheirusefulness,othershavebeenselectedfortheiraestheticbeautyalone.IntheUnitedStates,thekindsofcollectiblescurrentlypopularrangefromtraditionalobjectssuchasstamps,coins,rarebooks,andarttomorerecentitemsofinterestlikedolls,bottles,baseballcards,andcomicbooks.Interestincollectibleshasincreasedenormouslyduringthepastdecade,inpartbecausesomecollectibleshavedemonstratedtheirvalueasinvestments.Especiallyduringcyclesofhighinflation,investorstrytopurchasetangiblesthatwillatleastretaintheircurrentmarketvalues.Ingeneral,themosttraditionalcollectibleswillbesoughtbecausetheyhavepreservedtheirvalueovertheyears,thereisanorganizedauctionmarketforthem,andtheyaremosteasilysoldintheeventthatcashisneeded.Someexamplesofthemoststablecollectiblesareoldmasters,Chineseceramics,stamps,coins,rarebooks,antiquejewelry,silver,porcelain,artbywell-knownartists,autographs,andperiodfurniture.Otheritemsofmorerecentinterestincludeoldphotographrecords,oldmagazines,postcards,baseballcards,artglass,dolls,classiccars,oldbottles,andcomicbooks.Theserelativelynewkindsofcollectiblesmayactuallyappreciatefasterasshort-terminvestments,butmaynotholdtheirvalueaslong-terminvestments.Onceacollectiblehashaditsinitialplay,itappreciatesatafairlysteadyrate,supportedbyanincreasingnumberofenthusiasticcollectorscompetingforthelimitedsupplyofcollectiblesthatbecomeincreasinglymoredifficulttolocate.12FordAlthoughHenryFord'snameiscloselyassociatedwiththeconceptofmassproduction,heshouldreceiveequalcreditforintroducinglaborpracticesasearlyas1913thatwouldbeconsideredadvancedevenbytoday'sstandards.Safetymeasureswereimproved,andtheworkdaywasreducedtoeighthours,comparedwiththeten-ortwelve-hourdaycommonatthetime.Inordertoaccommodatetheshorterworkday,theentirefactorywasconvertedfromtwotothreeshifts.Inaddition,sickleavesaswellasimprovedmedicalcareforthoseinjuredonthejobwereinstituted.TheFordMotorCompanywasoneofthefirstfactoriestodevelopatechnicalschooltotrainspecializedskilledlaborersandanEnglishlanguageschoolforimmigrants.Someeffortswereevenmadetohirethehandicappedandprovidejobsforformerconvicts.Themostwidelyacclaimedinnovationwasthefive-dollar-a-dayminimumwagethatwasofferedinordertorecruitandretainthebestmechanicsandtodiscouragethegrowthoflaborunions.Fordexplainedthenewwagepolicyintermsofefficiencyandprofitsharing.Healsomentionedthefactthathisemployeeswouldbeabletopurchasetheautomobilesthattheyproduced-ineffectcreatingamarketfortheproduct.Inordertoqualifyfortheminimumwage,anemployeehadtoestablishadecenthomeanddemonstrategoodpersonalhabits,includingsobriety,thriftiness,industriousness,andhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第!3/31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59dependability.AlthoughsomecriticismwasdirectedatFordforinvolvinghimselftoomuchinthepersonallivesofhisemployees,therecanbenodoubtthat,atatimewhenimmigrantswerebeingtakenadvantageofinfrightfulways,HenryFordwashelpingmanypeopletoestablishthemselvesinAmerica.13.PianoTheancestryofthepianocanbetracedtotheearlykeyboardinstrumentsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies---thespinet,thedulcimer,andthevirginal.Intheseventeenthcenturytheorgan,theclavichord,andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup,asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthemattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.Theclavichord'stonewasmetallicandneverpowerful;nevertheless,becauseofthevarietyoftonepossibletoit,manycomposersfoundtheclavichordasympatheticinstrumentforintimatechambermusic.Thehaipsichordwithitsbright,vigoroustonewasthefavoriteinstrumentforsupportingthebassofthesmallorchestraoftheperiodandforconcertuse,butthecharacterofthetonecouldnotbevariedsavebymechanicalorstructuraldevices. 98ThepianowasperfectedintheearlyeighteenthcenturybyaharpsichordmakerinItaly(thoughmusicologistspointoutseveral(deviousinstancesoftheinstrument).Ulisinstrumentwascalledapianoeforte(sortandloud),toindicateitsdynamicversatility;itsstringswerestruckbyarecoilinghammerwithafelt-paddedhead.Thewiresweremuchheavierintheearlierinstruments.Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcentury,includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit,theperfectionofametalframe,andsteelwireofthefinestquality,finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffectsfromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound,fromaliquid,singingtonetoasharp,percussivebrilliance.NOTE:MusicalInstrumentsstrings(弦乐)1)plectrum:harp,lute,guitar,mandolin;2)keyboard:clavichord,harpsichord,piano;3)bow:violin,viola,cello,doublebass.2.TheWood(木管)一winds:piccolo,flute,oboe,clarinet,bassoon,Englishhorn;3.thebrass(铜管):Frenchhorn,trumpet,trombone,comet,tuba,bugle,saxophone;percussion(打击组):kettledrum,bassdrum,snaredrum,castanet,xylophone,celesta,cymbal,tambourine.25.MovieMusicAccustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”,thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.Fromtheverybeginning,musicwasregardedasanindispensableaccompaniment;whenthehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22(第14/31页)2009-1-2I上午03:02:59LumierefilmswereshownatthefirstpublicfilmexhibitionintheUnitedStatesinFebruary1896,theywereaccompaniedbypianoimprovisationsonpopulartunes.Atfirst,themusicplayedborenospecialrelationshiptothefilms;anaccompanimentofanykindwassufficient.Withinaveryshorttime,however,theincongruityofplayinglivelymusictoasolemnfilmbecameapparent,andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomecareinmatchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthefilm.Asmovietheatersgrewinnumberandimportance,aviolinist,andperhapsacellist,wouldbeaddedtothepianistincertaincases,andinthelargermovietheaterssmallorchestraswereformed.Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsoftheconductororleaderoftheorchestra,andveryoftentheprincipalqualificationforholdingsuchapositionwasnotskillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusicalpieces.Sincetheconductorseldomsawthefilmsuntilthenightbeforetheyweretobeshown(ifindeed,theconductorwasluckyenoughtoseethemthen),themusicalarrangementwasnormallyimprovisedinthegreatesthurry.Tohelpmeetthisdifficulty,Himdistributingcompaniesstartedthepracticeofpublishingsuggestionsformusicalaccompaniments.In1909,forexample,theEdisonCompanybeganissuingwiththeirfilmssuchindicationsofmoodas“pleasant'',"sad","lively''.Thesuggestionsbecamemoreexplicit,andsoemergedthemusicalcuesheetcontainingindicationsofmood,thetitlesofsuitablepiecesofmusic,andprecisedirectionstoshowwhereonepieceledintothenext.Certainfilmshadmusicespeciallycomposedforthem.ThemostfamousoftheseearlyspecialscoreswasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.WGriffith'sfilmBirthofaNation,whichwasreleasedin1915.Note:美国通俗音乐分类:1.Jazz;1)traditionaljazz----a)blues,代表人物:BillyHolidayb)ragtime(切分乐曲):代表人物:ScottJoplinc)NewOrleansjazz(=Dixielandjazz)eg:LouisArmstrond)swingeg:GlennMiller,DukeEllington,etc.e)bop(=bebop,rebop)eg:LesterYoung,CharlieParkeretc.2)modernjazza)cooljazz(=progressivejazz)高雅爵士乐。Eg:KennyGb)third-streamjazz.Eg:CharlesMingus,JohnLewis,c)mainstreamjazz.d)avant-gardejazz,e)souljazz.Eg:SarahVaughn.EllaFitzgeraldf)Latinjazz.2.gospelmusic福音音乐,主要源于Nerospirituals.Eg.DollyParker.MahaliaJackson3.Countryand佻sternmusic.Eg.JohnDenver.TammyWynette.KennyRogers,etc.4.Rockmusica)rockandrolleg:ElvisPrestley(US),theBeatles(UK.)b)folkrockEg:BobDylon,MichaelJackson,MariahCarey,BruceSpringsteen,LionelRicheetc.c)punkrockd)acidrockhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22(第15/31页)2009-1-21上午03:02:59e)rockjazzeg:M.J.McLaughlinf)Jurassicrock5.Musicforeasylistening(i.e.lightmusic)26.InternationalBusinessandCross-culturalCommunication 99Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone.thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadedandhowcompromiseisreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthyandimpersonal.ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemulti-million-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargainingfurther.TheAmericannegotiator,srolebecomesthatofanimpersonalpurveyorofinformationandcash.InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeenidentifiedthatmayservetoconfirmthisstereotypicalperception,whileunderminingthenegotiator'sposition.Twotraitsinparticularthatcausecross-culturalmisunderstandingaredirectnessandimpatienceonthepartoftheAmericannegotiator.Furthermore.Americannegotiatorsofteninsistonrealizingshort-termgoals.Foreignnegotiators,ontheotherhand,mayvaluetherelationshipestablishedbetweennegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-termbenefits.Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymayoptforindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.25.ScientificTheoriesInscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatarerelated.Atheoryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistspicturethewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Agoodexampleofthisisfoundinthekineticmoleculartheory,inwhichgasesarepicturedasbeingmadeupofmanysmallparticlesthatareinconstantmotion.Ausefultheory,inadditiontoexplainingpastobservations,helpstopredicteventsthathavenotasyetbeenobserved.Afteratheoryhasbeenpublicized,scientistsdesignexperimentstotestthetheory.Ifobservationsconfirmthescientist'spredictions,thetheoryissupported.Ifobservationsdonotconfirmthepredictions,thescientistsmustsearchfurther.Theremaybeafaultintheexperiment,orthetheorymayhavetoberevisedorrejected.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp7ids22（第!6/31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59Scienceinvolvesimaginationandcreativethinkingaswellascollectinginformationandperformingexperiments.Factsbythemselvesarenotscience.AsthemathematicianJulesHenriPoincaresaid,“Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse.**Mostscientistsstartaninvestigationbyfindingoutwhatotherscientistshavelearnedaboutaparticularproblem.Afterknownfactshavebeengathered,thescientistcomestothepartoftheinvestigationthatrequiresconsiderableimagination.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareformulated.Thesepossiblesolutionsarecalledhypotheses.Inaway,anyhypothesisisaleapintotheunknown.Itextendsthescientist'sthinkingbeyondtheknownfacts.Thescientistplansexperiments,performscalculations,andmakesobservationstotesthypotheses.Withouthypothesis,furtherinvestigationlackspurposeanddirection.Whenhypothesesareconfirmed,theyareincorporatedintotheories.26.ChangingRolesofPublicEducationOneofthemostimportantsocialdevelopmentsthathelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpubliceducationwastheeffectofthebabyboomofthe1950'sand1960'sontheschools.Inthe1920's,butespeciallyintheDepressionconditionsofthe19301s,theUnitedStatesexperiencedadecliningbirthrate-- everythousandwomenagedfifteentoforty-fourgavebirthtoabout118livechildrenin1920.89.2in1930,75.8in1936,and80in1940.WiththegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWsrld做randtheeconomicboomthatfollowedityoungpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946,106.2in1950.and118in1955.Althougheconomicswasprobablythemostimportantdeterminant,itisnottheonlyexplanationfbrthebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplacedontheideaofthefamilyalsohelpstoexplainthisriseinbirthrates.Thebabyboomersbeganstreamingintothefirstgradebythemid1940'sandbecameafloodby1950.Thepublicschoolsystemsuddenlyfounditselfovertaxed.Whilethenumberofschoolchildrenrosebecauseofwartimeandpostwarconditions,thesesameconditionsmadetheschoolsevenlesspreparedtocopewiththefood.Thewartimeeconomymeantthatfewnewschoolswerebuiltbetween1940and1945.Moreover,duringthewarandintheboomtimes（hatfollowed,largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionforbetter-payingjobselsewhereintheeconomy.Thereforeinthe1950'sand1960's,thebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem.Consequently,the“custodialrhetoric"ofthe1930"sandearly1940'snolongermadesensethatis,keepingyouthsagedsixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketbykeepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahighpriorityforaninstitutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildrenagedfivetosixteen.Withthebabyboom,thefocusofeducatorsandoflaymeninterestedineducationinevitablyturnedtowardthelowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsanddiscipline.Thesystemnolongerhadmuchinterestinofferingnontraditional,new,andextraservicestoolderyouths.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第!7/31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59 100Telecommuting—substitutingthecomputerforthetriptothejob-一一hasbeenhailedasasolutiontoallkindsofproblemsrelatedtoofficework.Forworkersitpromisesfreedomfromtheoffice,lesstimewastedintraffic,andhelpwithchild-careconflicts.Formanagement,telecommutinghelpskeephighperformersonboard,minimizestardinessandabsenteeismbyeliminatingcommutes,allowsperiodsofsolitudeforhigh-concentrationtasks,andprovidesschedulingflexibility.Insomeareas,suchasSouthernCaliforniaandSeattle.Washington,localgovernmentsareencouragingcompaniestostarttelecommutingiwogramsinordertoreducerush-hourcongestionandimproveairquality.Butthesebenefitsdonotcomeeasily.Makingatelecommutingprogramworkrequirescarefulplanningandanunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweentelecommutingrealitiesandpopularimages.Manyworkersareseducedbyrosyillusionsoflifeasatelecommuter.AcomputerprogrammerfromNewYorkCitymovestothetranquilAdirondackMountainsandstaysincontactwithherofficeviacomputer.Amanagercomesintohisofficethreedaysaweekandworksathometheothertwo.Anaccountantstayshometocareforhersickchild:shehooksuphertelephonemodernconnectionsanddoesofficeworkbetweencallstothedoctor.Thesearepowerfulimages,buttheyarealimitedreflectionofreality.Telecommutingworkerssoonlearnthatitisalmostimpossibletoconcentrateonworkandcareforayoungchildatthesametime.Beforeacertainage,youngchildrencannotrecognize,muchlessrespect,thenecessaryboundariesbetweenworkandfamily.Additionalchildsupportisnecessaryiftheparentistogetanyworkdone.Managementtoomustseparatethemythfromthereality.Althoughthemediahaspaidagreatdealofattentiontotelecommutinginmostcasesitistheemployee'ssituation,nottheavailabilityoftechnologythatprecipitatesatelecommutingarrangement.Thatispartlywhy.despitethewidespreadpresscoverage,thenumberofcompanieswithwork-at-homeprogramsorpolicyguidelinesremainssmall.30TheoriginofRefrigeratorsBythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox“hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(186l-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halfoftheicesoldinNewYork.Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22(第18/31页)2009-1-21上午03:02:59use.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodemrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappinguptheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.Butasearlyas1803,andingeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,Mooreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.31BritishColumbiaBritishColumbiaisthethirdlargestCanadianprovinces,bothinareaandpopulation.Itisnearly1.5timesaslargeasTexas,andextends800miles(1.280km)northfromtheUnitedStatesborder.ItincludesCanada'sentirewestcoastandtheislandsjustoffthecoast.MostofBritishColumbiaismountainous,withlongruggedrangesrunningnorthandsouth.Eventhecoastalislandsaretheremainsofamountainrangethatexistedthousandsofyearsago.DuringthelastIceAge,thisrangewasscouredbyglaciersuntilmostofitwasbeneaththesea.Itspeaksnowshowasislandsscatteredalongthecoast.Thesouthwesterncoastalregionhasahumidmildmarineclimate.SeawindsthatblowinlandfromthewestarewarmedbyacurrentofwarmwaterthatflowsthroughthePacificOcean.Asaresult,wintertemperaturesaverageabovefreezingandsummersaremild.Thesewarmwesternwindsalsocarrymoisturefromtheocean.Inlandfromthecoast,thewindsfromthePacificmeetthemountainbarriersofthecoastalrangesandtheRockyMountains.Astheyrisetocrossthemountains,thewindsarecooled,andtheirmoisturebeginstofallasrain.Onsomeofthewesternslopesalmost200inches(500cm)ofrainfalleachyear.MorethanhalfofBritishColumbiaisheavilyforested.Onmountainslopesthatreceiveplentifulrainfall,hugeDouglasfirsriseintoweringcolumns.Theseforestgiantsoftengrowtobeasmuchas300feet(90m)tall,withdiametersupto10feet(3m).MorelumberisproducedfromthesetreesthanfromanyotherkindoftreeinNorthAmerica.Hemlock,redcedar,andbalsamfirareamongtheothertreesfoundinBritishColumbia.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22(第19/31页)2009-1-21上午03:02:59 101Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Formanythousandsofyearsitwastheonefieldofawarenessaboutwhichhumanshadanythingmorethanthevaguestofinsights.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourSloneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butformwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexistadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Thisislogical.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthingsevenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeoplenotonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,medicines,shelter,andagreatmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tdthem,botany,assuch,hasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof**knowledge'*atall.Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.WhenourNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago.discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon.humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild-andtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.33Plankton浮游生物./'pl*nkt3n;'pl*nktan/Scatteredthroughtheseasoftheworldarebillionsoftonsofsmallplantsandanimalscalledplankton.Mostoftheseplantsandanimalsaretoosmallforthehumaneyetosee.Theydriftaboutlazilywiththecurrents,providingabasicfoodformanylargeranimals.Planktonhasbeendescribedastheequivalentofthegrassesthatgrowonthedrylandcontinents,andthecomparisonisanappropriateone.Inpotentialfoodvalue,however,planktonfaroutweighsthatofthelandgrasses.Onescientisthasestimatedthatwhilegrassesoftheworldproduceabout49billiontonsofvaluablecarbohydrateseachyear,thesea'splanktongeneratesmorethantwiceasmuch.Despiteitsenormousfoodpotential,littleeffectwasmadeuntilrecentlytofarmplanktonaswefarmgrassesonland.Nowmarinescientistshaveatlastbeguntostudythispossibility,especiallyasthesea'sresourcesloomevenmoreimportantasameansoffeedinganexpandingworldpopulation.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第20/31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59Nooneyethasseriouslysuggestedthat“plankton-burgers''maysoonbecomepopulararoundtheworld.Asapossiblefarmedsupplementaryfoodsource,however,planktonisgainingconsiderableinterestamongmarinescientists.Onetypeofplanktonthatseemstohavegreatharvestpossibilitiesisatinyshrimp-likecreaturecalledkrill.Growingtotwoorthreeincheslong,krillprovidesthemajorfoodforthegreatbluewhale,thelargestanimaltoeverinhabittheEarth.Realizingthatthiswhalemaygrowto1（X）feetandweigh150tonsatmaturity,itisnotsurprisingthateachonedevoursmorethanonetonofkrilldaily.34RaisingOystersIntheoysterswereraisedinmuchthesamewayasdirtfarmersraisedtomatoes-bytransplantingthem.First,farmersselectedtheoysterbed,clearedthebottomofoldshellsandotherdebris,thenscatteredcleanshellsabout.Next,they"planted“fertilizedoystereggs,whichwithintwoorthreeweekshatchedintolarvae.Thelarvaedrifteduntiltheyattachedthemselvestothecleanshellsonthebottom.Theretheyremainedandintimegrewintobabyoysterscalledseedorspat.Thespatgrewlargerbydrawinginseawaterfromwhichtheyderivedmicroscopicparticlesoffood.Beforelong,farmersgatheredthebabyoysters,transplantedthemoncemoreintoanotherbodyofwatertofattenthemup.Untilrecentlythesupplyofwildoystersandthosecrudelyfarmedweremorethanenoughtosatisfypeople'sneeds.Buttodaythedelectableseafoodisnolongeravailableinabundance.Theproblemhasbecomesoseriousthatsomeoysterbedshavevanishedentirely.Fortunately,asfarbackastheearly1900'smarinebiologistsrealizedthatifnewmeasureswerenottaken,oysterswouldbecomeextinctoratbestaluxuryfood.Sotheysetupwell-equippedhatcheriesandwenttowork.Buttheydidnothavetheproperequipmentortheskilltohandletheeggs.Theydidnotknowwhen.what,andhowtofeedthelarvae.Andtheyknewlittleaboutthepredatorsthatattackandeatbabyoystersbythemillions.Theyfailed,buttheydoggedlykeptatit.Finally,inthe1940'sasignificantbreakthroughwasmade.Themarinebiologistsdiscoveredthatbyraisingthetemperatureofthewater,（heycouldinduceoysterstospawnnotonlyinthesummerbutalsointhefall,winter,undspring.Latertheydevelopedatechniqueforfeedingthelarvaeandrearingthemtospat.Goingstillfurther,theysucceededinbreedingnewstrainsthatwereresistanttodiseases,grewfasterandlarger,andflourishedinwaterofdifferentsalinitiesandtemperatures.Inaddition,thecultivatedoysterstastedbetter!35.OilRefiningAnimportantnewindustry,oilrefining,grewaftertheCivilwar.Crudeoil,orpetroleum-adark,thickoozefromtheearth-hadbeenknownforhundredsofyears,butlittleusehadeverbeenmadeofit.Inthe1850'sSamuelM.Kier,amanufacturerinwesternPennsylvania,begancollectingtheoilfromlocalseepagesandrefiningitintokerosene.Refining,likesmelting,isaprocessofremovingimpuritiesfromarawmaterial.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第21/3I页）2009-1-2I上午03:02:59Kerosenewasusedtolightlamps.Itwasacheapsubstituteforwhaleoil,whichwasbecominghardertoget.Soontherewasalargedemandforkerosene.Peoplebegantosearchfornewsuppliesofpetroleum. 102ThefirstoilwellwasdrilledbyE.L.Drake,aretiredrailroadconductor.In1859hebegandrillinginTitusville,Pennsylvania.Thewholeventureseemedsoimpracticalandfoolishthatonlookerscalledit"Drake'sFolly”.Butwhenhehaddrilleddownabout70feet（21meters）,Drakestruckoil.Hiswellbegantoyield20barrelsofcrudeoiladay.NewsofDrake'ssuccessbroughtoilprospectorstothescene.Bytheearly1860'sthesewildcattersweredrillingfor**blackgold''alloverwesternPennsylvania.HieboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementand\Mld佻statmosphere.Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtothe国ospectorsthananygoldrush.Crudeoilcouldberefinedintomanyproducts.Forsomeyearskerosenecontinuedtobetheprincipalone.Itwassoldingrocerystoresanddoor-to-door.Inthe188（）'srefinerslearnedhowtomakeotherpetroleumproductssuchaswaxesandlubricatingoils.Petroleumwasnotthenusedtomakegasolineorheatingoil.36.PlateTectonicsandSea-floorSpreadingThetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.Thelilhosphere（n.［地］岩イi圈）isdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.Astheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundary:asubductionzone.Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesarequitedifferent.Theideaofsea-floorspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960's,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth'smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.Asmagmarisesunderthemid-oceanridge,ferromagneticmineralsinthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthegeomagneticfield.Whenthemagmacoolsandsolidifies,thedirectionandthepolarityofthefieldarepreservedinthemagnetizedvolcanicrock.Reversalsofthefieldgiverisetoaseriesofmagneticstripesrunningparalleltotheaxisoftherift.Theoceaniccrustthusservesasamagnetictaperecordingofthehistoryofthegeomagneticfieldthatcanbedatedindependently;thewidthofthestripesindicatestheratehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第22/31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:5937IcebergsIcebergsareamongnature'smostspectacularcreations,andyetmostpeoplehaveneverseenone.Avagueairofmysteryenvelopsthem.Theycomeintobeingsomewhereinfaraway;frigidwaters,amidthunderousnoiseandsplashingturbulence,whichinmostcasesnoonehearsorsees.Theyexistonlyashorttimeandthenslowlywasteawayjustasunnoticed.Objectsofsheerestbeautytheyhavebeencalled.Appearinginanendlessvarietyofshapes,theymaybedazzlinglywhite,ortheymaybeglassyblue,greenorpurple,tintedfaintlyofindarkerhues.Theyaregraceful,stately,inspiringincalm,sunlightseas.Buttheyarealsocalledfrighteninganddangerous,andthattheyare----inthenight,inthefog,andinstorms.Eveninclearweatheroneiswisetostayasafedistanceawayfromthem.Mostoftheirbulkishiddenbelowthewater,sotheirunderwaterpartsmayextendoutfarbeyondthevisibletop.Also,theymayrolloverunexpectedly,churningthewatersaroundthem.Icebergsarepartsofglaciersthatbreakoff,driftintothewater,floataboutawhile,andfinallymelt.Icebergsafloattodayaremadeofsnowflakesthathavefallenoverlongagesoftime.Theyembodysnowsthatdrifteddownhundreds,ormanythousands,orinsomecasesmaybeamillionyearsago.Thesnowsfellinpolarregionsandoncoldmountains,wheretheymeltedonlyalittleornotatall.andsocollectedtogreatdepthsovertheyearsandcenturies.Aseachyear'ssnowaccumulationlayonthesurface,evaporationandmeltingcausedthesnowflakesslowlytolosetheirfeatherypointsandbecometinygrainsofice.Whennewsnowfellontopoftheold,ittooturnedtoicygrains.Soblanketsofsnowandicegrainsmountedlayeruponlayerandwereofsuchgreatthicknessthattheweightoftheupperlayerscompressedthelowerones.Withtimeandpressurefromabove,themanysmallicegrainsjoinedandchangedtolargercrystals,andeventuallythedeepercrystalsmergedintoasolidmassofice.38TbpazTopazisahard,transparentmineral.Itisacompoundofaluminum,silica,andfluorine.Gemtopazisvaluable.Jewelerscallthisvarietyofthestone"precioustopaz'\Thebest-knownprecioustopazgemsrangeincolorfromrichyellowtolightbrownorpinkishred.Tbpazisoneofthehardestgemminerals.Inthemineraltableofhardness,ithasaratingof8,whichmeansthataknifecannotcutit,andthattopazwillscratchquartz.Thegoldenvarietyofprecioustopazisquiteuncommon.Mostoftheworld'stopaziswhiteorblue.Thewhiteandbluecrystalsoftopazarelarge,oftenweighingthousandsofcarats.Forthisreason,thevalueoftopazdoesnotdependsomuchhttp://www.bfsunl.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第23/31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59onitssizeasitdoeswithdiamondsandmanyotherpreciousstones,wherethevalueincreasesaboutfourtimeswitheachdoublingofweight.Thevalueofatopazislargelydeterminedbyitsquality.Butcolorisalsoimportant:bluetopaz,for 103instance,isoftenirradiatedtodeepenandimproveitscolor.Bluetopazisoftensoldasaquamarineandavarietyofbrownquartziswidelysoldastopaz.Thequartzismuchlessbrilliantandmoreplentifulthantruetopaz.Mostofitisvarietyofamethyst:thatheathasturnedbrown.NOTE:topaz/'t-)up*z;'top*z/n(a)[U]transparentyellowminera!黄]:(矿物).(b)[C]semi-preciousgemcutfromthis黄玉;黄’宅4j.39TheSalinityofOceanWatersIfthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation•一conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismannerthesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind.Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlymaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.IntheWfeddellSeaAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.NOTE：saUnitysVIin3ti;solinoti/n|U]thehighsalinityofseawater海水的高含盐量saline/'seilain:US-li:n;'selin/l.adj[attrib作定语](fml文)containingsalt:salty含盐的;咸的：*asalinelake盐湖・salinesprings盐泉・salinesolution,egasusedforgargling,storingcontactlenses,etc盐溶液(如用于漱喉、存放隐形眼镜等).2.n[U](medical医)solutionofsaltandwater盐水.40Cohesion-tensionTheoryAtmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher;thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytopmorethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwalerinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootfwessureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswalerislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.,rheevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsiblefbrthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.41.AmericanblackbearsAmericanblackbearsappearinavarietyofcolorsdespitetheirname.IntheeasternpartofIheirrange,mostofthesebrown,red.orevenyellowcoats,lbthenorth,theblackbearisactuallygrayorwhileincolor.Eveninthesamelitter,bothbrownandblackfurredbearsmaybeborn.BlackbearsarethesmallestofallAmericanbears,ranginginlengthfromfivetosixfeet,weighingfromthreehundredtofivehundredpoundsTheireyesandearsaresmallandtheireyesightandhearingarenotasgoodastheirsenseofsmell.Likeallbears,theblackbearistimid,clumsy,andrarelydangerous,butifattacked,mostcanclimbtreesandcovergroundatgreatspeeds.Whenangryorfrightened,itisaformidableenemy.Blackbearsfeedonleaves,herbs.Fruit,berries,insects,fish,andevenlargeranimals.Oneofthemostinterestingcharacteristicsofbears,includingtheblackbear,istheirwintersleep.Unlikesquirrels,woodchucks,andmanyotherwoodlandanimals,bearsdonotactuallyhibernate.Althoughthebeardoesnotduringthewintermoths,sustainingitselffrombodyfat.itstemperatureremainsalmostnormal,anditbreathesregularlyfourorfivetimesperminute.Mostblackbearslivealone,exceptduringmatingseason.Theyprefertoliveincaves,hollowlogs,ordensethickets.AlittleofonetofourcubsisbominJanuaryorFebruaryafteragestationperiodofsixtoninemonths,andtheyremainwiththeirmotheruntiltheyarefullygrownoraboutoneandahalfyearsold.Blackbearscanlive 104aslongasthirtyyearsinthewild,andevenlongeringamepreservessetasidefbrthem.39.Coal-firedpowerplantsTheinventionoftheincandescentlightbulbbyThomasA.Edisonin1879createdademandforacheap,readilyavailablefuelwithwhichtogeneratelargeamountsofelectricpower.Coalseemedtofitthebill,anditfueledtheearliestpowerstations,(whichweresetupattheendofthenineteenthcenturybyEdisonhimself).Asmorepowerplantswereconstructedthroughoutthecountry,therelianceoncoalincreasedthroughoutthecountry,therelianceoncoalincreased.SincetheFirstWorldWar,coal-firedpowerplantshadacombinedintheUnitedStateseachyear.In1986suchplantshadacombinedgeneratingcapacityof289,000megawattsandconsumed83percentofthenearly900milliontonsofcoalminedinthecountrythatyear.Giventheuncertaintyinthefuturegrowthofthenearly900milliontonsofcoalminedinthecountrythatyear.Giventheuncertaintyinthefuturegrowthofnuclearpowerandinthesupplyofoilandnaturalgas,coal-firedpowerplantscouldwellprovideupto70percentoftheelectricpowerintheUnitedStatesbytheendofthecentury.Yel,inspiteofthefactthatcoalhaslongbeenasourceofelectricityandmayremainonformanyyears(coalrepresen(sabout80percentofUnitedStatesfossil-fiielreserves),ithasactuallyneverbeenthemostdesirablefossilfuelforpowerplants.Coalcontainslessenergyperunitofweightthanweightthannaturalgasoroil;itisdifficulttotransport,anditisassociatedwithahostofenvironmentalissues,amongthemacidrain.Sincethelate1960'sproblemsofemissioncontrolandwastedisposalhavesharplyreducedtheappealofcoal-firedpowerplants.Thecostofamelioratingtheseenvironmentproblemsalongwiththerisingcostofbuildingafacilityaslargeandcomplexasacoal-firedpowerplant,havealsomadesuchplantslessattractivefromapurelyeconomicperspective.Changesinthetechnologicalbaseofcoal-firedpowerplantscouldrestoretheirattractiveness,however.Whereassomeofthesechangesareintendedmainlytoincreasetheproductivityofexistingplants,completelynewtechnologiesforburningcoalcleanlyarealsobeingdeveloped.40.StatisticsThereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentunits(statesandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinrootstatus)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses-allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.Describingcollectionsinvolvestabulating,depictinganddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybequantitativesuchasmeasuresofheight,intelligenceorgradelevelvariablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajororpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild:theproportionforthesampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.41.ObtainingFreshwaterfromicebergsTheconceptofobtainingfreshwaterfromicebergsthataretowedtopopulatedareasandaridregionsoftheworldwasoncetreatedasajokemoreappropriatetocartoonsthanreallife.Butnowitisbeingconsideredquiteseriouslybymanynations,especiallysincescientistshavewarnedthatthehumanracewilloutgrowitsfreshwatersupplyfasterthanitrunsoutoffood.Glaciersareapossiblesourceoffreshwaterthathasbeenoverlookeduntilrecently.Three-quartersoftheEarth'sfreshwatersupplyisstilltiedupinglacialice,areservoirofuntappedfreshwatersoimmensethatitcouldsustainalltheriversoftheworldfor1,000years.Floatingontheoceanseveryyearare7,659trillionmetrictonsoficeencasedin1(MXK)icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.Hugeglaciersthatstretchovertheshallowcontinentalshelfgivebirthtoicebergsthroughouttheyear.Icebergsarenotlikeseaice,whichisformedwhentheseaitselffreezes,rather,theyareformedentirelyonland,breakingoffwhenglaciersspreadoverthesea.Astheydriftawayfromthepolarregion,icebergssometimesmovemysteriouslyinadirectionoppositetothewind,pulledbysubsurfacecurrents.Becausetheymeltmoreslowlythansmallerpiecesofice,icebergshavebeenknowntodriftasfarnorthas35degreessouthoftheequatorintheAtlanticOcean.Tbcorralthemandsteerthemtopartsoftheworldwheretheyareneededwouldnotbetoodifficult.Thedifficultyarisesinothertechnicalmatters,suchasthepreventionofrapidmeltinginwarmerclimatesandthefunnelingoffreshwatertoshoreingreatvolume.Buteveniftheicebergslosthalfoftheirvolumeintowing,thewatertheycouldprovidewouldbefarcheaperthanthatproducedbydesalinization,orremovingsaltfromwater.45.ThesourceofEnergyAsummaryofthephysicalandchemicalnatureoflifemustbegin,notontheEarth,butintheSun;infact,attheSun'sverycenter.ItisherethatistobefoundthesourceoftheenergythattheSunconstantlypoursoutintospaceaslightandheat.ThisenergyislibratedatthecenteroftheSunasbillionsuponbillionsofnucleiofhydrogenatomscollidewitheachotherandfusetogethertoformnucleiofhelium,andindoingso,releasesomeoftheenergythatisstoredinthenucleiofatoms.The 105outputoflightandheatoftheSunrequiresthatsome600milliontonsofhydrogenbeconvertedintoheliumintheSuneverysecond.ThistheSunhasbeendoingforseveralthousandsofmillionsofyear.ThenuclearenergyisreleasedattheSun'scenterashigh-energygammaradiation,aformofelectromagneticradiationlikelightandradiowaves,onlyofverymuchshorterwavelength.ThisgammaradiationisabsorbedbyatomsinsidetheSuntobereemittedatslightlylongerwavelengths.Thisradiation,initsturnisabsorbedandreemitted.Astheenergyfiltersthroughthelayersofthesolarinterior,itpassesthroughtheX-raypartofthespectrumeventuallybecominglight.Atthisstage,ithasreachedwhatwecallthesolarsurface,andcanescapeintospacewithoutbeingabsorbedfurtherbysolaratoms.AverysmallfractionoftheSun'slightandheatisemittedinsuchdirectionsthatafterpassingunhinderedthroughinterplanetaryspace,ithitstheEarth.45.VisionHumanvisionlikethatofotherprimateshasevolvedinanarborealenvironment.Inthedensecomplexworldofatropicalforest,itismoreimportanttoseewellthattodevelopanacutesenseofsmell.Inthecourseofevolutionmembersoftheprimatelinehaveacquiredlargeeyeswhilethesnouthasshrunktogivetheeyeanunimpededview.Ofmammalsonlyhumansandsomeprimatesenjoycolorvision.Theredflagisblacktothebull.Horsesliveinamonochromeworld.lightvisibletohumaneyeshoweveroccupiesonlyaverynarrowbandinthewholeelectromagneticspectrum.Ultravioletraysareinvisibletohumansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humanshavenodirectperceptionofinfraredraysunliketherattlesnakewhichhasreceptorstunedintowavelengthslongerthan0.7micron.Theworldwouldlookeerilydifferentifhumaneyesweresensitivetoinfraredradiation.Theninsteadofthedarknessofnight,wewouldbeabletomoveeasilyinastrangeshadowlessworldwhereobjectsglowedwithvaryingdegreesofintensity.Buthumaneyesexcelinotherways.Theyareinfactremarkablydiscerningincolorgradation.Thecolorsensitivityofnormalhumanvisionisrarelysurpassedevenbysophisticatedtechnicaldevices.46FolkCulturesAfolkcultureisasmallisolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandracewithastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamilyandinterpersonal.Relationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperformagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmadeandsubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAngloAmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlaborsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillserveasalocaltransportationdeviceandthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish'scentralreligiousconceptofDemut“humility”,clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasssotypicaloffolkculturesandthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmiirryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,p*ovidestheprincipalmechanismformaintainingorder.Bycontrastapopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroupoftenhighlyindividualisticandapronouncedmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandarmytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,"popular''maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom"folk".Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduced,iseasierortimesavingtouseorleadsmoreprestigetotheowner.47BacteriaBacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thusifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometer)tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs''calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthebacteriapointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans,lbabacteriumwaterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyareinfluencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmoleculesaroundthem.Bacteriaunderthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.Thisisbecausetheycollidewiththewaterymoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriahaveallbeenreplacedbynewones;evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethusconstantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.48SleepSleepispartofaperson'sdailyactivitycycle.Thereareseveraldifferentstagesofsleep,andtheytoooccurincycles.Ifyouareanaveragesleeper,yoursleepcycleisasfollows.Whenyoufistdriftoffintoslumber,youreyeswillrollaboutabit,youtemperaturewilldropslightly,yourmuscleswillrelax,andyourbreathingwellslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowdownabittoo,withthealpharhythmofratherfastwaves1sleep.Forthenexthalfhourorso.asyourelaxmoreandmore,youwilldriftdownthroughstage2andstage3sleep.Theloweryourstageofsleep,sloweryourbrainwaveswillbe.Thenabout40to69minutesafteryouloseconsciousnessyouwillhavereachedthedeepestsleepofall.Yourbrainwillshowthelargeslowwavesthatareknownasthe 106deltarhythm.Thisisstage4sleep.Youdonotremainatthisdeepfourthstageallnightlong,butinsteadabout80minutesafteryoufallintoslumber,yourbrainactivitylevelwillincreaseagainslightly.Thedeltarhythmwilldisappear,tobereplacedbytheactivitypatternofbrainwaves.Youreyeswillbegintodartaroundunderyourclosedeyelidsasifyouwerelookingatsomethingoccurringinfrontofyou.Thisperiodofrapideyemovementlastsforsome8to15minutesandiscalledREMsleep.ItisduringREMsleepperiod,yourbodywillsoonrelaxagain,yourbreathingwillslipgentlybackfromstageItostage4sleep-ionlytoriseonceagaintothesurfaceofnearconsciousnesssome80minuteslater.45.CellsandTemperatureCellscannotremainaliveoutsidecertainlimitsoftemperatureandmuchnarrowerlimitsmarktheboundariesofeffectivefunctioning.Enzymesystemsofmammalsandbirdsaremostefficientonlywithinanarrowrangearound37C;adepartureofafewdegreesfromthisvalueseriouslyimpairstheirfunctioning.Eventhoughcellscansurvivewiderfluctuationstheintegratedactionsofbodilysystemsareimpaired.Otheranimalshaveawidertoleranceforchangesofbodilytemperature.Forcenturiesithasbeenrecognizedthatmammalsandbirdsdifferfromotheranimalsinthewaytheyregulatebodytemperature.Waysofcharacterizingthedifferencehavebecomemoreaccurateandmeaningfulovertime,butpopularterminologystillreflectstheolddivisioninto“warm-blooded"and"cold-blooded"species;warm-bloodedincludedmammalsandbirdswhereasallothercreatureswereconsideredcold-blooded.Asmorespecieswerestudied,itbecameevidentthatthisclassificationwasinadequate.Afencelizardoradesertiguana-eachcold-blooded—usuallyhasabodytemperatureonlyadegreeortwobelowthatofhumansandsoisnotcold.Thereforethenextdistinctionwasmadebetweenanimalsthatmaintainaconstantbodytemperature,calledhomeOtherms,andthosewhosebodytemperaturevarieswiththeirenvironments,calledpoikilotherms.Butthisclassificationalsoprovedinadequate,becauseamong
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