大学应背英语课文

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大学应背英语课文1.Peopleattendcollegeoruniversityformanydifferentreasons(forexample,newexperiences,careerpreparation,increasedknowledge).Whydoyouthinkpeopleattendcollegeoruniversity?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Peopleattendcollegesoruniversitiesforalotofdifferentreasons.Ibelievethatthethreemostcommonreasonsaretoprepareforacareer,tohavenewexperiences,andtoincreasetheirknowledgeofthemselvesandtheworldaroundthem.Careerpreparationisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttoyoungpeople.Formany,thisistheprimaryreasontogotocollege,Theyknowthatthejobmarketiscompetitive.Atcollege,theycanlearnnewskillforcareerswithalotofopportunities.Thismeanscareers,suchasinformationtechnology,thatareexpectedtoneedalargeworkforceinthecomingyears.Also,studentsgotocollegesanduniversitiestohavenewexperiences.Thisoftenmeanshavingtheopportunitytomeetpeopledifferentfromthoseintheirhometowns.Formoststudents,goingtocollegeisthefirsttimethey’vebeenawayfromhomebythemselves.Inadditions,thisisthefirsttimethey’vehadtomakedecisionsontheirown.Makingthesedecisionsincreasestheirknowledgeofthemselves.Besideslookingforself-knowledge,peoplealsoattendauniversityorcollegetoexpandtheirknowledgeinsubjectstheyfindinteresting.Formany,thiswillbetheirlastchanceforalongtimetolearnaboutsomethingthatdoesn’trelatetotheircareer.Iwouldrecommendthatpeoplenotbesofocusedonacareer.Theyshouldgotocollegetohavenewexperiencesandlearnaboutthemselvesandtheworldtheylivein.2.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsarethebestteachers.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Throughoutmylife,Ihavebeenluckyenoughtohaveaverygoodrelationshipwithmyparents.Theyhavesupportedme,givenmenecessarycriticism,andtaughtmeagreatdealabouthowtolivemylife.Parentscanbeveryimportantteachersinourlives;however,theyarenotalwaysthebestteachers.Parentsmaybetooclosetotheirchildrenemotionally.Sometimestheycanonlyseetheirchildrenthoughtheeyesofaprotector.Forexample,theymaylimitachild'sfreedominthenameofsafety.Ateachermightseeatriptoabigcityasavaluablenewexperience.However,itmightseemtoodangeroustoaparent.Anotherproblemisthatparentsmayexpecttheirchildren'sintereststobesimilartotheirown.Theycan'tseemtoseparatefromtheirchildrenintheirmind.Iftheylovescience,theymaytrytoforcetheirchildtolovesciencetoo.Butwhatiftheirchild'strueloveisart,orwriting,orcarrepair?Parentsareusuallyeagertopassontheirvaluetotheirchildren.Butshouldchildrenalwaysbelievewhattheirparentsdo?Maybedifferentgenerationsneeddifferentwaysofthinking.Whenchildrenareyoung,theybelievethattheirparentsarealwaysrights.Butwhentheygetolder,theyrealizethereareotherviews.Sometimesparents,especiallyolderones,can'tkeepupwithrapidsocialortechnologychanges.Astudentwhohasfriendsofalldifferentracesandbackgroundsatschoolmayfindthatherparentsdon'treallyunderstandorvaluethedigitalrevolution.Sometimeskidshavetofindtheirownwaystowhattheybelievein.Themostimportantthingtorealizeisthatweallhavemanyteachersinourlives.Ourparentsteachus,ourteachersteachus,andourpeersteachus.Booksandnewspapersandtelevisionalsoteachus.Allofthemarevaluable.3.Nowadays,foodhasbecomeeasiertoprepare.Hasthischangeimprovedthewaypeoplelive?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Thetwentiethcenturyhasbroughtwithitmanyadvances.Withthoseadvances,humanliveshavechangeddramatically.Insomewayslifeisworse,butmostlyitisbetter.Changesinfoodpreparationmethods,forexample,haveimprovedourlivesgreatly.Theconvenienceofpreparingfoodtodayisamazing.Evenstoveshavegottentooslowforus.Microwavecookingismucheasier.Wecanpressafewbuttonsandamealiscompletelycookedinjustashorttime.Peopleusedtospendhourspreparinganoven-cookedmeal,andnowtheycanusethattimeforother,betterthings.Plus,thereareallkindsofportable,prepackagedfoodswecanbuy.Heatthemintheofficemicrowave,andlunchatworkisquickandeasy.Foodpreparationtodayallowsformorevariety.Withrefrigeratorsandfreezers,wecanpreservealotofdifferentfoodsinourhomes.Sincetechnologymakescookingsomuchfaster,peoplearewillingtomakeseveraldishesforevenasmallmeal.Parentsaremorelikelytoletchildrenbepicky,nowthattheycaneasilyheatthemupsomeprepackagedmacaroniandcheeseontheside.Needlesstosay,adultslivinginthesamehousemayhaveverydifferenteatinghabitsaswell.Iftheydon’twanttocookalotofdifferentdishes,it’scommonnowtoeatoutatrestaurantsseveraltimesaweek.Healthfuleatingisalsoeasierthanevernow.Whenpeoplecook,theyusenewfatsubstitutesandcookingspraystocutfatandcalories.Thisreducestheriskofheartdiseaseandhighcholesterol.Additionally,wecanbuyfruitsandvegetablefresh,frozenorcanned.Theyareeasytoprepare,somanyofuseatmoreofthosenutritiousitemsdaily.Ahundredyearsago,youcouldn’timaginetheprocessoftakingsomefrozenfruitandicefromthefreezer,addingsomelow-fatyogurtfromaplasticcupandsomejuicefromacanintherefrigerator,andwhippingupalow-fatsmoothieintheblender!Ourlifestyleisfast,butpeoplestilllikegoodfood.Whatnewfoodpreparationtechnologyhasgivenusismorechoices.Today,wecanpreparefoodthatismoreconvenient,healthier,andofgreatervarietythaneverbeforeinhistory.4.Ithasbeensaid,“Noteverythingthatislearnediscontainedinbooks.”Compareandcontrastknowledgegainedfromexperiencewithknowledgegainedfrombooks.Inyouropinion,whichsourceismoreimportant?Why?“Experienceisthebestteacher”isanoldcliché,butIagreewithit.Themostimportant,andsometimesthehardest,lessonswelearninlifecomefromourparticipationinsituations.Youcan’learneverythingfromabook.Ofcourse,learningfrombooksinaformaleducationalsettingisalsovaluable.It’sinschoolsthatwelearntheinformationweneedtofunctioninoursociety.Welearnhowtospeakandwriteandunderstandmathematicalequations.Thisisallinformationthatweneedtoliveinourcommunitiesandearnaliving.Nevertheless,Ithinkthatthemostimportantlessonscan’tbetaught;theyhaveto

1beexperienced.Noonecanteachushowtogetalongwithothersorhowtohaveself-respect.Aswegrowfromchildrenintoteenagers,noonecanteachushowtodealwithpeerpressure.Asweleaveadolescencebehindandenteradultlife,noonecanteachushowtofallinloveandgetmarried.Thisshouldn’tstopusfromlookingforguidelinesalongtheway.Teachersandparentsarevaluablesourcesofadvicewhenwe’reyoung.Asweenterintonewstagesinourlives,theadvicewereceivefromthemisveryhelpfulbecausetheyhavealreadybadsimilarexperiences.Butexperiencingourowntriumphsanddisastersisreallytheonlywaytolearnhowtodealwithlife.5.Acompanyhasannouncedthatitwishestobuildalargefactorynearyourcommunity.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisnewinfluenceonyourcommunity.Doyousupportoropposethefactory?Explainyourposition.Newfactoriesoftenbringmanygoodthingstoacommunity,suchasjobsandincreasedprosperity.However,inmyopinion,thebenefitsofhavingafactoryareoutweighedbytherisks.ThatiswhyIopposetheplantobuildafactorynearmycommunity.Ibelievethatthiscitywouldbeharmedbyalargefactory.Inparticular,afactorywoulddestroythequalityoftheairandwaterintown.Factoriesbringsmogandpollution.Inthelongrun,theenvironmentwillbehurtandpeople’shealthwillbeaffected.Havingafactoryisnotworththatrise.Ofcourse,morejobswillbecreatedbythefactory.Ourpopulationwillgrow.Toaccommodatemoreworkers,morehomesandstoreswillbeneeded.Dowereallywantthismuchgrowth,sofast?Ifourtownisgoingingrowth,Iwouldpreferslowgrowthwithgoodplanning.Idon’twanttoseerowsofcheaplyconstructedtownhouses.Ourqualityoflifemustbeconsidered.Ibelievethatthisgrowthwillchangeourcitytoomuch.Ilovemyhometownbecauseitisasafe,smalltown.Itisalsoeasytotravelhere.Ifwemustexpandtoholdnewcitizens,thesmall-townfeelwillbegone.Imouldmissthatgreatly.Afactorywouldbehelpfulinsomeways.However,Ifeelthatthedangersaregreaterthanthebenefits.Icannotsupportaplantobuildafactoryhere,andhopethatothersfeelthesameway.6.MAIfyoucouldchangeoneimportantthingaboutyourhometown,whatwouldyouchange?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.IfIcouldchangeonethingaboutmyhometown,Ithinkitwouldbethefactthatthere'snosenseofcommunityhere.Peopledon'tfeelconnected,theydon'tlookoutforeachother,andtheydon'tgettoknowtheirneighbors.Peoplecomeandgoalothere.Theychangejobsfrequentlyandmoveon.Thismeansthattheydon'tputdownrootsinthecommunity.Theydon'tjoincommunityorganizationsandthey'renotwillingtogetinvolvedintryingtoimprovethequalityoflife.Ifsomeonehasapetitiontoputinanewstreetlight,shehasaveryhardtimegettingalotofpeopletosign.Theydon'tfeelithasanythingtodowiththem.Theydon'tgetinvolvedinimprovingtheschoolsbecausetheydon'tthinkthequalityofeducationisimportanttotheirlives.Theydon'tseetheconnectionbetweenthemselvesandtherestoftheircommunity.Peopledon'ttrytosupportothersaroundthem.Theydon'tkeepafriendlyeyesontheirchildren,orcheckinonolderfolksiftheydon'tseethemforafewdays.They'renotawarewhenpeoplearoundthemmaybegoingthroughahardtime.Forexample,theymaynotknowifaneighborlosesalovedone.There'snotalotofcommunitysupportforindividuals.Neighborsdon'tgettoknoweachother.Again,thisisbecausepeoplecomeandgowithinafewyears.Sowhenneighborsgoonvacation,nooneiskeepinganeyeontheirhouse.Nooneismakingsurenothingsuspiciousisgoingonthere,likelightsinthemiddleofthenight.Whenneighbors'childrenarecuttingacrosssomeone'slawnontheirbikes,there'snofriendlywayofcasuallymentioningtheproblem.Peopleimmediatelyactasifit'samajorpropertydisagreement.Myhometownisaniceplacetoliveinmanyways,butitwouldbemuchniceifwehadthatsenseofcommunity.7Howdomoviesortelevisioninfluencepeople’sbehavior?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.Domoviesandtelevisionaffectourbehavior?Aspecialconcerniswhethermoviesandtelevisionmakechildrenandsocietymoreviolent.Ibelievethatmoviesandtelevisiondoinfluenceourbehavior,bothforthebetterandfortheworse.Moviesdomakepeoplemoreviolent.Themoreweseeviolentactsontelevision,thelesssensitivewebecometothem.Eventuallyviolencedoesn’tseemwrong.wemayevencommitviolentactsourselves.Thisisespeciallytruebecausewedon’talwaysrealizethatviolencehasconsequences.Actorscanbekilledandcomebackforanothermovie.Sometimesweconfusethatwithreality.Weforgetthatkillingsomeoneispermanent.Moviesandtelevisionalsoinfluenceourbehaviorbecausetheymakeuslessactive.Lookingatfilmsisapassiveactivity.Ifwewatchtoomuch,webecomeunhealthy,bothmentallyandphysically.Westopusingourownimaginationwhenweseethingsactedoutforus.Mentallazinessbecomesphysicallaziness;we’dratherwatchsportsontothanplaysportsourselves.we’drathervisitwiththecharacterson“Seinfeld”or“Friends”thangochatwithourownneighbors.Imaginarypeoplehaveexcitinglives.Isitanywonderthatsomepeoplewouldratherliveafantasylifethantheirown?Ofcourse,watchingmoviesandtelevisioncanalsobegoodforus.Itcangiveusabroaderwindowontheworld.Forexample,seeingmoviescanexposeustopeopleofdifferentracesandcultures.Wecanthenovercomesomeprejudicesmoreeasily.Recentlytherehavebeenmorehandicappedpeopleinfilms,andthisalsohelpreduceprejudice.Thebestinfluenceonourbehavioristhatmoviesandtelevisionreducestress.Watchingfilms,wecanescapeourownproblemsforalittlewhile.Also,sometimemoviesshowpositivewaystoresolveproblemsweallface.WhileTVandmoviesshouldn’tbeawaytohidefromlife,sometimestheycanhelpuscope.Itistruethatmoviesandtelevisioncaninfluenceourbehaviornegatively.However,Ialsobelievethattheyinfluenceourbehaviorsinpositiveways.Howtheyaffectyoudependsonhowmuchyouwatch,whatyouwatch,andhowyourespondtowhatyouwatch.8Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Televisionhasdestroyedcommunicationamongfriendsandfamily.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Somepeoplebelievethattelevisionhasdestroyedcommunicationamongfriendsandfamily.Ithinkthisisanexaggeration.Inmyopinion,whetherornottelevisionhurtscommunicationdependsonwhattypeofprogramisbeingviewed.Moreimportantly,itdependsonthetypeof

2viewer.Thereareemptyprogramsandeducationalprograms.Emptyprogramsdonotchallengepeople.Theyhavejustenoughstorylinetokeepthemfromswitchingchannels.Therearealsopassiveandactiveviewers.Apassiveviewerwilljustwatchtelevisionwithoutthinkingaboutwhatbeorsheseeing.Thecombinationofanemptyprogramandapassiveviewermakescommunicationunlikely.Passiveviewersjustcontinuetowatch,actuallyenjoyingthefactthattheydon’thavetothink.Theywon’tbreakawaytotalkaboutprogrammingwithfriendsandfamily.Evenwithbetterprogramming,passiveviewersstillwon’tthinkorcommunicatemuch.Theprobablyevenprefertheemptyprogrambecausethebetterprogrammingistoomuchwork.Ontheotherhand,activeviewerswatchingeducationalprogrammingalwayswanttosharewhattheyseewithfriendsandfamily.“Educational”doesn’tnecessarilymeandocumentariesonBBS.Theycouldbedramaswithrealisticrelationshipsoractionshowswithcleverplotlines.Whenactiveviewerswatchprograms,theyhaveideasandtalkaboutthemwithothers.Goodprogramminginspiresthemtochangetheirthinkingandtheirlives.Unlikepassiveviewers,theydon’twanttowatchmoreandmorewithoutthinking.Televisionmaydestroycommunicationamongpassiveviewers.Thoseviewersprobablydon’twanttocommunicatewithfriendsandfamilymuchanyway.Foractiveviewerswhoalreadyenjoycommunicating,televisionisactuallyhelpful!9Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown,Othersprefertoliveinabigcity.Whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Igrewupinasmalltownandthenmovedtoabigcity,soIhaveexperiencedthegoodandbadsidesofboth.IneverthoughtthatIwouldlikelivinginabigcity,butIwaswrong.Aftertenyearsoflivinginone,Ican’timagineeverlivinginasmalltownagain.Smalltownsandbigcitiesbothhavesomeproblemsintermsoftransportation.Inasmalltown,youhavetoownacartoensureacomfortableliving.youcan’tgetaroundwithoutonebecausethereisn’tanykindofpublictransportation.Bigcitiesgenerallyhaveheavytrafficandexpensiveparking,butthereyouhaveachoiceoftakingpublictransportation.It’snotfree,butit’softencheaperthandrivingwhenyouconsidergasandtime,especiallyifyoudon’thaveacar,you’rebetteroffinthecity.Ilovetheexcitementofbigcities.Smalltownshaveaslowpace.Largecitiesmeanyouhavetoadapttoavarietyofsituations,likefindinganewroutetoworkortrvineanewrestaurant.Ienjoythatchallengeverymuch.Anotherpartoftheexcitementofcitylivingisthevarietyofculturalactivitiesavailable.Thereisawildassortmentoftheatremusicanddanceperformancesavailableinbigcities.Thesethingsarerareinsmallones.ThefinalthingIthinkaboutlargecitiesisthediversityofthepeople.theUnitedStatesismadeupofpeopleofdifferentraces,religions,abilities,andinterests.However,youseldomfindsuchavarietyofpeopleinasmalltown.Ithinkthatlivinginanareawhereeveryonewasjustlikemewouldquicklybecomeboring.Ofcourse,securityisaconcern,andthatoneareawheresmalltownsaresuperiortobigcities.Still,Iwouldratherbeabitmorecautionsandlivealargecitythantofeelsecurebutbored.10”Whenpeoplesucceed,itisbecauseofhardwork,Luckhasnothingtodowithsuccess.”Doyouagreeordisagreewiththequotationabove?Usespecificandexamplestoexplainyourposition.Whenpeoplesucceed,itisbecauseofhardwork,butluckhasalottodowithit,too.Successwithoutsomeluckisalmostimpossible.TheFrenchemperorNapoleonsaidofoneofhisgenerals,“Iknowhe’sgood.Butishelucky?”Napoleonknewthatallthehardworkandtalentintheworldcan’tmakeupforbadluck.However,hardworkcaninvitegoodluck.Whenitcomestosuccess,luckcanmeanbeingintherightplacetomeetsomeone,orhavingtherightskillstogetajobdone.Itmightmeanturningdownanofferandthenhavingabetteroffercomealong.Nothingcanreplacehardwork,butworkinghardalsomeansyou’repreparingyourselfopportunity.Opportunityveryoftendependsonluck.Howmanyofthegreatinventionsanddiscoveriescameaboutthroughaluckymistakeoraluckychance?OneofthebiggestluckymistakesinhistoryisColumbus’so-calleddiscoveryofAmerica.Heenrichedhissponsorsandchangedhistory,buthewasreallylookingforIndia.However,Columbus’chancediscoverywasn’tpureluck.Itwasbackedupbyyearsofstudyingandcalculating.Heworkedhardtoprovehistheorythattheworldwasround.Successthatcomesfrompureluckandnohardworkcanbearealproblem.Forexample,considerateenagegirlwhobecomesamoviestar.Imagineshe’sbeenpickedfromnowherebecauseofherlooks.Sheisgoingtofeelveryinsecure,becausesheknowsshedidn’tdoanythingtoearnherstardom.Ontheotherhand,thinkaboutanactresswho’sspendyearslearningandworkingathercraft.Whenshefinallyhasgoodluckandbecomesasuccess,shewillhandlestardombetter,sheknowssheearnsit.Peoplewhoworkhardhelpmaketheirownluckbybeingreadyopportunityknocks.Whenitcomestosuccess.Ithinkthathardworkandlucksohandinhand.11Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Universitiesshouldgivethesameamountofmoneytotheirstudents'sportsactivitiesastheygivetotheiruniversitylibraries.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Idisagreestronglywiththeideathatthesameamountofmoneyshouldgotouniversitysportsactivitiesastouniversitylibraries.Althoughplayingsportsisawonderfulwaytolearnaboutteamwork,strategyandreachingyourgoals,itshouldnotbetheprincipalfocusofauniversityeducation.Studentsneedthemostup-to-datelibraryfacilitiesavailabletogetthebesteducation.Manyofthosefacilitiesareveryexpensivetobuyandmaintain.Theseincludecomputerizedprogramsandaccesstointernetresearchdatabasesthatstudentscanusetofindinformationallaroundtheworld.Ifauniversityisonlyofferingitsstudentsresourcesofadecadeago,it’sdeprivingthosestudentsofatremendousamountofinformation.Eventhebookandmagazinebudgetofuniversitieshasgoneuptremendouslyinlastdecade.Moreisbeingpublishedoneverysubject,andeveryuniversitywantstohavethisinformationavailabletoitsstudents.Italsocostsmoneyforuniversitiestokeeptheirlibrariesopen.Studentsneedtohaveaccesstoallthelibraries'researchtoolsasmuchoftimeaspossible.Becausestudentsareyoungandcanstayupallnightstudying,manyuniversitiesarestartingtoleavetheirlibrariesopenallnightduringexamperiods.Thiscostsmoney,becausethestaffhastobepaidextratobethere.Italsocostsmoneytorunthebuilding(electricity,heat)duringthattime.Studentsatuniversitiesareonlygoingtobenefitfromtheireducationiftheycangettoallthetoolstheyneedtolearn.Sportsaresecondarytotheresourcesthatstudentsneedfromuniversitylibraries.Forthisreason,librariesshouldalwaysbebetterfundedthansportactivities.12Manypeoplevisitmuseumswhentheytraveltonewplaces.Whydoyouthinkpeoplevisitmuseums?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyour

3answer.Peoplelovetovisitmuseumswhentravelingtonewplaces.Ithinkthisisbecausemuseumstellthemalotaboutthecultureofthoseplaces.Museumsarealsofun.It’salmostimpossibletogetboredinamuseum.Everymuseumwillhaveatleastonethingofinteresttosomebody.Whenvisitingsomeplacenew,youcanfindoutaboutthecultureofthatplaceinmanyways.Youcangotoamovieoraplaceofworshiporanightclub.Anotheroptionistositintheparkandlistentothepeoplearoundyou.Theeasiestwaytolearnaboutaplace'sculture,though,isbyvisitingitsmuseums.Museumswillshowyouthehistoryoftheplaceyou'revisiting.They’llshowyouwhatartthelocalsthinkisimportant.Iftherearen'tanymuseums,thattellsyousomething,too.Museumsarefun.Evenifyou'renotinterestedinartorhistory,thereisalwayssomethingtogetyourattention.Manymuseumsnowhavewhattheycall"hands-on"exhibits.Thesewereoriginallydesignedtokeepchildrenoccupiedwhiletheirparentswerelookingatexhibits.However,museumshavefoundthatadultsenjoyhands-onopportunitiesjustasmuchaschildren.Theseexhibitshaveactivitieslikepushingabuttontohearmoreaboutwhatyou'relookingat,creatingyourownworkofart,ortryingonclotheslikethoseonthemodelsinthemuseum.Peoplealsoenjoyvisitingmuseumsaboutunusualsubjects.Forinstance,inmyhometownthere'samuseumdevotedtothepotato.Thismuseumhasartmadeoutofpotatoes.Italsotellsallaboutthehistoryofthepotato,andsellspotatomementoslikekeychainsandpotatodolls.Peopleenjoyvisitingthismuseumbecauseit'sdifferent.It’snotsomethingthey'dfindintheirhometownandthemuseum'scuratorenjoytalkingabouttheGreatPotato.Museumsarepopularbecausetheyareaboutus.Theyreflectourcreations,ourvalues,andourdreams.Nomatterwhoyouareorwhatyoulike,somewherethereisamuseumthatwillamazeandinterestyou.13Somepeopleprefertoeatatfoodstandsorrestaurants.Otherpeopleprefertoprepareandeatfoodathome.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Somepeopleliketoeatoutatfoodstandsandrestaurants,whileothersliketopreparefoodathome.Oftenitdependsonthekindoflifestylepeoplehave.Thosewithverybusyjobsoutsidethehousedon'talwayshavetimetocook.Theyliketheconvenienceofeatingout.Overall,though,itischeaperandhealthiertoeatathome.Whileeatinginrestaurantsisfast,themoneyyouspendcanaddup.WhenIhavedinneratrestaurantwithafriend,thebillisusuallyovertwentydollars.Icanbuyalotofgrocerieswiththatmuchmoney.Evenlunchatafast-foodstandusuallycostsfiveorsixdollarsforoneperson.That’senoughtofeedthewholefamilyathome.Eatingathomeisbetterforyou,too.Mealsatrestaurantsareoftenhighinfatandcalories,andtheyservebigplatesoffood--muchmorefoodthanyouneedtoeatatonemeal.Ifyoucookfoodathome,youhavemorecontrolovertheingredients.Youcanusemargarineinsteadofbutteronyourpotatoes,ornotputsomuchcheeseontopofyourpizza.Athome,youcancontrolyourportionsize.Youcanserveyourselfaslittleasyouwant.Inarestaurant,youmayeatafullplateoffood"becauseyoupaidforit".It'struethateatingoutisconvenient.Youdon'thavetoshop,orcook,orcleanup.Butrealhomecookingdoesn'thavetotakealotoftime.Therearelotsofsimplemealsthatdon'ttakelongtomake.Infact,they'refasterthaneatingout,especiallyifyouthinkofthetimeyouspenddrivingtoarestaurant,parking,waitingforatable,waitingforservice,anddrivinghome.Botheatingatrestaurantsandcookingathomecanbesatisfying.Bothcantastegoodandbeenjoyedwithfamilyandfriends.Iprefercookingathomebecauseofthemoneyandhealthissues,butpeoplewillmakethechoicethatfitstheirlifestylebest.14Somepeoplebelievethatuniversitystudentsshouldberequiredtoattendclasses.Othersbelievethatgoingtoclassesshouldbeoptionalforstudents.Whichpointofviewdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouranswer.Somepeoplemaybelievethatgoingtoclassesshouldbeoptional,butIdisagree.Idon'tunderstandhowuniversitystudentscanexpecttolearnanythingiftheydon'tattendclasses.Personalexperiencecanhelppeoplelearnaboutthemselvesandtheworldoutsidetheclassroom,butwhenitcomestolearningaboutacademicsubjects,studentsneedtobeinclass.Inclasstheyreceivethebenefitoftheteacher'sknowledge.Thebestteachersdomorethanjustgooverthematerialinthanclasstextbook.Theydrawtheirstudentsintodiscussionofthematerial.Theypresentopposingpointsofview.Theyscheduleguestspeakerstocome,givethestudentsadditionalinformation,orshowdocumentaryfilmsonthesubject.Also,attendingclassesonanysubjectteachesmorethanjustfacts.Itteachesstudentshowtolearn,howtoabsorbinformationandthenapplywhatthey'velearnedtoothersituations.Theirteacheristhebestonetohelpthemwiththeseskills.Theycan'tlearnthemjustbyreadingthetextbook.Goingtoclassalsoteachesstudentshowtoworkwiththeothermembersoftheclass.Manytimesstudentswillbegivengroupassignments.Thisisdifferentfromwhattheydidinsecondaryschool.Herethey'rewithpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsandexperiences.Inthissituation,theylearnhowtohandleworkingwithpeopledifferentfromthemselvestoachieveacommongoal.Goingtoclassalsoteachesstudentsresponsibilityanddiscipline.Havingtobeataparticularplaceataparticulartimepreparesthemforgettingajob.Beingataplaceontimewithanassignmentcompletedpreparesthemforacareer.Inshort,bygoingtoclassstudentslearnmorethanjustinformationfromtheteacher.Theyalsolearnhowtolearn,howtoworkwithothers,andhowtoworkresponsibly.Thesearenotoptionalskillsinlife,soattendingclassesshouldnotbeoptionalincollege.15Neighborsarethepeoplewholivenearus.Inyouropinion,whatarethequalitiesofagoodneighbor?Usespecificdetailsandexamplesinyouranswer.Ifyouhaveagoodneighbor,youarealuckyperson.Youhavesomeonewhocaresaboutyourneedsandyourproperty,whoishelpfulinthelittleday-to-daysituationsthatcomeup,andwhoissupportiveintimesofcrisis.Agoodneighborissomeonewho,forinstance,understandsthatyourchildrenmayoccasionallyrunacrosshislawn,eventhoughyoutellthemnotto.He'llrealizethatchildrencanbecarelessaboutthingslikethat,andhewon'tmakeabigfussaboutitunlessitbecomesaregularthing.Inthesamevein,heknowsthatyou'llunderstandifsomeofthetrashfromhistrashcansblowsacrossintoyouryard.INotherwords,heissensitivetotheunintentionalthingsthatcanhappen.Hedoesn'tmakeabigdealaboutthem.Agoodneighborisalsorespectfulofyourproperty.Forexample,sheasksyourpermissionbeforedoing

4anythingthatinterfereswithwhat'syours.Thismeansshewouldn'tplantahugetreeinbetweenyourhouseswithoutaskinghowyoufeelaboutit.Ifshewantedtoputupafence,shewouldletyouknowfirst.Shemightworkwithyoutodecidewhereitshouldbeplaced.Maybethetwoofyouwouldevensplitthecost.Agoodneighborwouldlendyousomemilkifyouranout.She'dgiveyouaridetoworkifyourcarwasbroken,andletyourchildrenstayatherhouseintheeveningifyougotstuckworkingovertime.Youwoulddothesameforher.Bothofyouwouldhelpmaketheother'slifeeasier.whensomethingreallyawfulhappenstoyou,likeadeathinthefamily,agoodneighborwillvolunteertohelpinanywayhecan.Thiscouldmeansomethingsmall,likemakingsomecasserolestoputinyourfreezertofeedvestingrelatives,Orit16Ithasrecentlybeenannouncedthatanewrestaurantmaybebuiltinyourneighborhood.Doyousupportoropposethisplan?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Icanseebothadvantagesanddisadvantagestohavinganewrestaurantbuiltinourneighborhood.I'mworriedabouttrafficandhowitwillaffectourneighborhood.However,Ithinkthatitwillbenefitlocalbusinessesandincreaseappreciationforourneighborhood.Overall,Ithinkitisagoodidea.Trafficcongestionisalwaysaconcernwhenyoubuildsomethingnew.Ourstreetsarenarrow,withparkingonbothsides.Morecarstravelingthroughtheneighborhoodcouldcausealotofcongesting.Trafficmeansparkingproblems,too.Ourneighborhoodhasveryfewgaragesattachedtothehouses.Mostofusdependonfindingaspacetoparkonthestreet.Ifthenewrestaurantisbuilt,we’llbecompetingforthosespaceswiththerestaurant'spatrons.Plus,iftherestaurantofferswalletparking,it'llbeevenworse.Valetparkersworkinteamstograbeverypossiblespaceavailableonthestreet.I'malsoconcernedaboutthetypeofpatronsthisnewrestaurantwillbringintoourneighborhood.Afamilyrestaurantwouldn'tbeaproblem.However,ifit'sgoinghaveabaranddancing,thentherecouldbeproblems.Therestaurantwouldstayopenlater,andpeopleleavingtherestaurantmightbedrunk.Whowouldn'tworryaboutrowdycustomersstaggeringaroundourneighborhoodintheearlymorninghours,lookingfortheircars?Ihavetoadmit,though,thereareadvantagestoanewrestaurant.Ourneighborhoodcouldcertainlyusethejobstherestaurantwouldprovide.Notonlythat,themoneyneighborhoodresidentswouldearntherewouldlikelybespentatotherneighborhoodbusinesses.Thiswouldgiveaboosttothosebusinessesandmakeourneighborhoodmoreprosperous.Anewrestaurantwouldalsoattractalotofpeopletoourneighborhood.Theycouldseewhataniceareathisistolive.Thatmightattractnewresidentstotheneighborhood.Thatwouldbeagoodthing,becausewe'vebeenlosingresidentstothesuburbsthelastcoupleofyears.Therearealotofdetailstoconsider,butallinall,Isupporttheideaofthisnewrestaurantinourneighborhood.17Somepeoplethinkthattheycanlearnbetterbythemselvesthanwithateacher.Othersthinkthatitisalwaysbettertohaveateacher.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonstodevelopyouressay.Mostofuscanlearnhowtodosomethingsimpleonourownwithjustasetofinstructions.However,tolearnaboutsomethingmorecomplex,it'salwaysbesttohaveateacher.Teachersbringwiththemvariedandusefulbackgrounds.They'vebeentrainedtoteachindividualsindifferentwaysdependingontheirstyle.Forinstance,omenstudentslearnbetterbydiscussingatopic.Otherslearnmorebywritingaboutit.Teacherscanhelpstudentslearninthewaythat'sbestofeachstudent.Atextbookoramanualcanonlygiveyouonewayoflearningsomething.Plusthey'reonlyashelpfulasyourabilitytounderstandthem.Agoodteachercanadaptherteachingtoyourneeds.Teachershelpyoufocusonwhatyou'relearning.Ifyou'relearningsomethingbyyourself,it’seasytobecomedistracted,andgoontootheractivities.Teacherskeepyourattentiononthesubject.Theyalsoapproachasubjectlogically,takingitonestepatatime.Onyourown,it'stemptingtoskippartsofthelearningprocessyouthinkyoudon’tneed.Thatcanbinderyourabilitytoreallyunderstandthesubject.Learningasubjectonyourownisaverynarrowwayoflearning.Youcanonlyusetheinformationyougetfromthetextbook.Withateacher,yougettheinformationinthewrittenmaterialsaswellastheteacher'sownknowledgeofthetopic.Teacherscanalsoprovideextramaterialstobroadenthescopeofwhatyou'relearning.There'snothingwrongwithstudyingonyourown,andalearnercanalwaysbenefitfromsomequietstudy.Forthebestpossiblelearning,though,agoodteacheristhebiggesthelpyoucanhave.18Whataresomeimportantqualitiesofagoodsupervisor(boss)?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainwhythesequalitiesareimportant.Eventhoughjobsituationscanbeverydifferent,thereareseveralqualitiesthatallgoodsupervisorhaveincommon,Agoodbosstreatsallheremployeesfairly.Shedoesn'tsingleoutoneemployeeforbetter(orworse)treatmentthantheothers.Apoorsupervisorhasfavorites.Sometimesshe'llevenuseherfavoritestospyonotheremployees.Sheexpectsthemtotellherwhattheothersaresayingabouther.Thiscancausealotofbadfeelingamongemployees.Agoodsupervisorgivesclearandunderstandabledirections.Shedoesn'tconstantlychangehermindaboutwhatshewantsemployeestodo.Shealsodoesn'tgetangrywithanemployeewhoisconfusedandneedshertoexplainthedirectionsagainormorefully.Delegatingauthoritywellisanotherqualityofagoodsupervisor.Sheknowshowtousetheskillsofheremployeestobestadvantage.Apoorsupervisorinsistsondoingeverythingherself.Sheisunwillingtogiveanyauthoritytoothers.Agoodbossevaluatesheremployeesonareasonableserofcriteria,notonhowshefeelsaboutthempersonally.Andsheletstheemployeesknowwhatthosecriteriaare,sotheyhaveafairchanceofmeetingthem.Shegivesbothpraiseandcriticisminastraightforwardmanner.Shealsooffersguidancewhenneeded.Apoorsupervisorwillcriticizewithoutgivinganysuggestionsonhowtoimprove.Mostimportantly,agoodsupervisorsetthestandardsforheremployeebyherownbehavior.Sheworkshardandtreatsemployeeslikevaluableassetstothe

5company.Thispromotesgoodmoraleamongherworkers,andthisisofgreatbenefittoherbusiness.19Shouldgovernmentsspendmoremoneyonimprovingroadsandhighways,orshouldgovernmentsspendsmoremoneyonimprovingpublictransportation(buses,trains,subways)?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstodevelopyouressay.Governmentsshoulddefinitelyspendmoremoneyonimprovingallformsofpublictransportation.Theseincludebuses,subwaysandtrains.Thisisthebestwaytopreservenaturalresourcesandreducepollution.Asaplanet,we’redealingwithafiniteamountofnaturalresources.Oncethey'regone,theycan'tbereplaced.Theycan'tfillourneedforoilandgasolineforever.Butweseemtoforgetthatandconsumethematanincrediblerate.Inwealthiercounties,somefamilieshavetwoorthreecars.Assoonasteenagersgettheirdriver'slicenses,they’regivencarssotheirparentswon'thavetodrivethemplaces.Publictransportationhasn'tbeensufficientlydeveloped.Becauseofthis,suburbanareassurroundingcitieshavebeenallowedtosprawlmoreandmorewidely.Thismeansthatpeoplecan'tevengotothestorewithouthavingtohopintothecar.Everythingistoofarawayfromwheretheylive.Iftherewerebetterandmorefrequentpublictransportation,peoplewouldbeabletogiveuptheircarsforlocaldriving.Asaresultofallthecarsbeingdriven,we’redealingwithterriblepollutionproblems.Inbigcities,therearedaysduringthesummerwhentheelderlyandpeoplewithrespiratoryproblemsareadvisednottoleavethehouse.Tenyearsagothiswasunheardof!Nowit'sthenorm.Publictransportationwouldcutdownconsiderablyonairpollution.Publictransportationalsoencouragesasenseofcommunity.Peoplewhotraveltoworktogetherallthetimegettoknoweachother.Carisolateusfromneighbors.However,peoplefeeltheyneedtodrivebecausetheycan'tdependonpublictransportationtofittheirschedules.Ifmoremoneywereavailable,buses,subwaysandtrainscouldrun24hoursaday.Thentheywouldbeavailableallthetimetothepeoplewhoneedthem.Ialwaystrytotakepublictransportationwheneverpossible,andIencouragefriendsandneighborstotryittoo.Ithinkwemustsupportpublictransportationinordertocreateabetterworld.20Itisbetterforchildrentogrowupinthecountrysidethaninabigcity.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestodevelopyouressay.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagestoachildhoodineitherthecountryoracity.It'shardtosaywhichisbetter.Growingupinthecountrymeansacertainamountofisolation.You'reinasmalltownoronaarmbandnotwithalotofpeople.Evenmoreimportant,thepeopleyoumeeteverydaytendtobejustlikeyou.Mostwillbethesameraceasyou,havethesamebackgroundasyou,andwillhavegonetothesameschoolasyou.Inthecity,thepeopleyoumeetaredifferent.Therearedifferentracesanddifferentcultures.Yougetamoreinterestingmix.Citypeopletendtocomefromalotofdifferentplacesandmovearoundalot.So,thereisn'tthesenseofcommunityinthecitythatyouhaveinthecountry.Peopleinthecitycanliveinthesameapartmentbuildingfortwentyyearsandnevergettoknowtheirneighbors.Inthecountry,everybodyknowseverybody.Forachild,thismeansthecountryismoresecure.Achildcangetlostorhurtinthecityandhavenoonetoturnto.Inthecountry,everyone’saneighbor.Peopleinthecountryfeelconnectedtoeachother.Achildgrowingupinthecityhastheadvantagesofalotofinterestingandexcitingplacetovisit.Heorshecangotothezoo,museum,artgalleriesandconcerts.Therearealotofrestaurantswithdifferentkindsoffood.It’seasytoseeeverynewmoviethatcomesout.Childinthecountrydon'thavealotoftheseactivitiesnearby.Allinall,Ithinkachildhoodinthecityisbetterbecauseitpreparesyoumoreforwhatreallifeislike.155篇大学应背英语课文（二）21EXIngeneral,peoplearelivinglongernow.Discussthecausesofthisphenomenon.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstodevelopyouressay.Todaypeoplearelivingtobemucholderthaneverbefore.Someofthemainreasonsforthisaretheimprovedhealthcareandbetternutritionavailabletoeveryone.Medicalcareismoreavailabletopeople.Althoughnoteveryonecangetthebestheathcare,everyonecangetbasicheathcareandadvice.Whenpeopleareseriouslyill,theycangotoapublichospitalandbetakencareof.Yearsago,healthcarewasn'tavailabletoeveryone.Somepeopledidn'tlivenearadoctororahospital,andotherscouldn'tpayforthecaretheyneeded.Theymadedowithherbalmedicinesorfolkremedies.Ofcourse,someoftheseworked,butnotforthemoreseriousdiseases.Thequalityofmedicalcarehasimproved.That’salsoafactorinlongevity.Doctorsknowmorenowaboutwhatcausesdiseaseandhowtocareit,Yearsago,doctorsonlyknewaboutthemostbasicdiseasesandcures.Medicinewasnotveryadvanced.Youcoulddiefromsomethingassimpleasaninfectionfromacut.Nowwehaveantibioticsandothermedicinestohelpcureinfections.Peoplearealsolivinglongernowbecauseofbetternutrition.We'reeatingbetterandmorehealthfullythanweusedto.That'sreducedthenumberofpeoplewithheartdiseaseandcancer.Wetrytoeatlow-fatfoodsandeatmorevegetableandfruits,whicharenowavailableyear-round.Improvedmedicalcareandhealthyeatinghabitshasgreatlyexpandedourlifespans.Whatweneedtodonowismakesurethateveryoneintheworldhasthesebenefits.22ExWeallworkorwillworkinourjobswithmanydifferentkindsofpeople,inyouropinion,whataresomeimportantcharacteristicsofaco-worker(someoneyouworkcloselywith)?Usereasonsandspecificexampletoexplainwhythesecharacteristicsareimportant.Wespendmoretimewithourco-workersduringaweekthanwedowithourfamily,Thus,it’simportantforourcoworkerstobepeoplewecangetalongwith.I’veworkedinalotofoffices,andI'vefoundtherearecertaincharacteristicsthatallgoodco-workershaveincommon.Agoodco-workerisverycooperative,Shedoesherbesttogetalongwithothers.Shetriestokeepherendofthingsflowingsmoothlytohelpothersintheoffice.Sherealizesthatifonepersondoesn'tgetherworkdone,itcanholdupeveryoneelse.Shehasapositiveattitudethat

6createsapleasantworkingenvironment.Agoodco-workerisadaptable.Sheisnotstubbornaboutchangesinschedulesorroutines,anddoesn'tobjecttohavingherjobdescriptionrevised.Thatcanmakelifemiserableforeveryonearoundher.Agoodco-workeriswillingtochangeherscheduletoaccommodateanotherworker'semergency,Shehasnoproblemwithnewproceduresandwelcomeschangeswhentheycome.Agoodco-workerishelpful.Shepitchesinwhensomeonefallsbehindinhisorherwork.She’swillingtodowhateverittakestogetthejobdone.Shedoesn'tkeeptrackofhowoftenshehastofinishanother'sworkortakeonextrawork.Someco-workersdotheirownjob,period.Theyhavenosenseofofficecommunity.Theyonlywanttodotheirwork,getpaidandgohome.Agoodco-workerisasympatheticlistener,andneveruseswhatshelearnsagainstpeople.shedoesn’tgossip.Abadco-workerusesnegativerumorstotakeadvantageofothers.Beingagoodco-workerisn'ttoohard,butsomepeoplejustcan'tseemtomanageit.Wouldn’titbeawonderfulworldifeveryonecould?23ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Sometimesitisbetternottotellthetruth.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Iagreethatsometimesitisbetternottotellthetruth.Insomecasesthetruthisgoingtohurtsomeoneandnogoodwillbegainedbyit.Ifso,thenIdon'tthinkthatpersonshouldbetoldthetruth.Therearetimeswhenapersonneedstoknowthetruthinordertomakeanimportantdecision,Therearealsotimeswhentellingthetruthistheonlywaytohelpsomeonewho'sbeingself-destructive.However,oftentellingthetruthonlybenefitstheteller,notthepersonbeingtold.Ifsomeonehassaidsomethingnastyaboutaperson,thosewordsdon'tneedtoberepeated.However,whatifapersonhastoldashamefulsecrettoafriend,andthatfriendhastoldthesecrettoothers?Thenthatpersonneedstoknowthatshecan'ttrustherfriend,Otherwise,shemighttellthatfriendothersecrets.Whatifsomeoneisdoingsomethingself-destructive,likepartyingallnightincollegeinsteadofstudying?Thenheneedstobetoldthatthisbehaviorisupsettinghisfriendwhoareworriedabouthim.However,ifheskipsclassandteacheraskshisfriendwhyheisn'tthere,it’snotnecessaryforthefriendtotellthetruth.Hedoesn'thavetobe,buthealsodoesn'thavetogiveinformationabouthisfriend'sbehavior.Sometimespeopleneedstoknowthetruthbeforetheycanmakeanimportantdecision.Supposeyou'resellingyourhouseandyouknowthere'swaterinthebasement.Thenyoushouldtellthetruthaboutthattoanyoneinterestinginbuyingyourhouse.Ifyoudon’t,youcouldbeintroublelegallyaswellasethically!However,youdon'tneedtotellthetruthaboutthecrankyneighborwholivesnextdoor.Theneighbormaynotbeascrankywithsomeoneelseashewaswithyou.SometimesIt'sbetternottotell.24ADInsomecountries,teenagerhavejobswhiletheyarestillsrudents.Doyouthinkthisisagoodidea?Supportyouropinionbyusingspecificreasonsanddetails.Idon'tthinkitisagoodideasforteenagerstohavejobswhiletheyarestillstudents.Itcaninterferewiththeirstudies,Itcandisrupttheirhomelife,andittakesawaypartoftheirchildhoodthattheircanneverreplace.Educationtodayisverycomplexanddifficult.Inordertolearnandgetgoodgrades,astudentmustworkveryhardandconcentrate,Thismeansattendingclassesfromearlyinthemorninguntillateafternoon,thendoingresearchforprojects,thengoinghomeanddoinghomework.It’sabusyscheduleforeveryone.Forsomeonetryingtoholddownajob,it’sevenharder.Studentsneedalltheirenergyfortheirstudies.Ifthey'reworkingafterclassatnight,they’regoingtobetiredthenextday.Theywon'tbeabletoconcentrate.Thiswillhaveanegativeimpactontheirlearning,andeventuallyontheirgrades.Havingajobcanalsodisruptateenager'shomelife.Familiesspendlessandlesstimetogether.Ifateenagerhasajobtogotoafterschool,hewon'tbehomefordinner.Hewon'tbehomeafterdinnereither,andmaynotgethomeuntillateatnight,Thismeanshedoesn'thavealotoftimetospendwithhisfamily.Ifhedoesn'thaveacar,itcanmeanchangesinhisparents'schedule,too.Theyhavetodrivehimtoworkandpickhimup.Themaindrawbackofateenagerhavingajobwhilehe'sstillastudentisthathe'smissingoutonthefunofbeingyoung.Hehasawholelifetimeinwhichhe'llhavetoearnaliving.Thisisthelastfreetimehe'llhave,It’sthelastchancehe'llhavetohangoutwithfriendsandjustenjoyhimself.Soonenoughhe'llhavetoworryaboutpayingtherentandbuyingfood.Jobsbringmoney,butmoneyisn'teverything.Ateenagerwithajobgivesustoomuch.Nooneshouldspendallhistimeatworking,andespeciallynotateenager.25PRApersonyouknowisplanningtomovetoyourtownorcity.Whatdoyouthinkthispersonwouldlikeanddislikeaboutlivinginyourtownorcity?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstodevelopyouressay.Afriendofminefromcollegeismovingtomycity,soIhavebeenthinkingaboutwhatshewouldandwouldn'tlikeaboutit,I’dsaythequalityoflifehere,asfarasfunandactivitiesareconcerned,isverygood.Thequalityoflifeisn'tverygood,though,inotherimportantways.Livinginalagercityisexciting,butyoupayapriceforit.Therearelotsofinterestingthingstodo,andgoodrestaurantswithfoodfromaroundtheworld.Therearemuseums,artgalleries,andlotsofmovietheaters.However.thecrimerateishigh,andpeoplehavetobecarefulaboutwheretheygoatnight.There'salotoftrafficmostofthetime,andfindingaparkingspacecanbeaproblem.Therearealsoalotofpeoplelivinghere.Sometimesitfeelstoocrowded.Inabigcitylikemine,housingisveryexpensive.Ifcostsalotevenifyou'rejustrentinganefficiencyapartment.Thegoodsideisthatthere'salotofchoiceaboutwhereyouwanttoliveandhowyouwanttolive.Youcanfindapartmentofallsizesindifferentsettings.Housesofequalvarietyareavailableforsaleorrent.Ifmyfriendlikesthegreatoutdoors,shemightbedisappointed.Unfortunately,mycitydoesn'thavealotofwideopengreenspaces,andtherearen'talotoftreesonthestreets.We'renotneartheocean,andthemountainsareaday'sdrivefromhere.Still,wedohavesomenaturalareas.Forexample,wehaveabeautifulbigpark.Itevenhasalakeinthemiddlethat'susedforiceskatinginthewinter.There’sadifferentkindofbeautyinthecity.Thinkingaboutit,Isupposewhethermyfriendlikesmycitywilldependonwhetherornotshelikesexcitingplaces.Ihopeshelikesalotofvarietyasfarashousingandactivitiesareconcerned.Ifshedoes,thenthisistheplaceforher.

726ADIthasrecentlybeenannouncedthatlargeshoppingcentermaybebuiltinyourneighborhood.Doyousupportoropposethisplan?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Therewouldbebothadvantagesanddisadvantagestohavingashoppingcenterbuiltinmyneighborhood.Oneadvantagewouldbetheconvenience.Iwouldliketohaveallthosestorescloseby.ShoppingwouldbemucheasierandfasterbecauseIwouldn'thavetodrivegreatdistancestogettothestores.Ashoppingcenterwouldmeanmorechoices,becausetherewouldbemorestoressellingdifferentproducts.Imighthaveamovietheaternearby,becausesomanyshoppingcentersthesedaysincludemovietheatersintheirplans.Mostshoppingcentersalsohaverestaurantsandafoodcourt.Thatmeansagreatervarietyofplacestoeatinourarea.Havingashoppingcenterbuiltintheneighborhoodwouldalsomeanmorejobsforthecommunity.Initially,thesejobswouldbeinthebuildingofthecenter.Laterthejobswouldbeinthestores,theaters,andfoodestablishments.Ofcourse,thesewouldbesomedisadvantages,too.Probablythebiggestproblemwouldbetraffic.Alotofpeoplewouldbecomingtotheshoppingcenter.They’ddrivethroughourneighborhoodtogettothecenter.Inaddition,iftherewasn'tenoughparkingatthecenter,theymightlookforparkingspacenearourhomes.Ashoppingcentermightalsoinvitemorecrimeintoourneighborhood.Parkinglotsafterdarkareabigtemptationtorobbers.Theyknowpeoplearetherewithmoneytospend.Theshoppingcentermightalsobecomeaplacewhereunrulyteenagerswouldgather.Thiscouldcausetrouble.Ourtownwouldneedacommunitycenterforthemtogotoinstead.Onthewhole,though,Ithinkmyneighborhoodshouldsupporthavingashoppingcenterbuilthere,Itwouldbringmorevarietytoourshopping,giveustheopportunitytoamuseourselvesatmoviestheatersandrestaurants,andbringmorejobsintothearea.27ADIthasrecentlybeenannouncedthatanewmoviestheatermaybebuiltinyourneighborhood.Doyousupportoropposethisplan?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Somepeoplewillsaythatanewmovietheaterinourneighborhoodwouldbeabadthing.However,Ifullysupporttheplantobuildone.Ifeelthatamovietheaterwouldbringmoreopportunitiesforrecreation,reduceteenagedelinquency,andleadtoseveralimprovementsinthetown.Asitstands,thereislittletodoinmytown.Therearenoparkshere,andthereiscertainlynonightlife.Additionally,thenearestmoviestheaterismorethanthirtyminutesaway.Thatisinconvenientforeveryonehere.Manymoviesendlateatnight.Whowanttoalongdrivehomeat11:30p.m.ormidnight?Buildinganewmovietheaterherewillreducejuveniledelinquency,Likeeveryoneelse,teensherearebored.Theyneedactivitiestokeepthembusyandoutoftrouble.Thejobsthatthetheatrewillprovidewillhelpteens,too.Weneedmorebusinessesthatarewillingandeagertoemployyoungpeople.Overall,thenewtheaterwillbringmanyimprovementstothetown,Forexample,itwillhelpotherbusinesses.Thatisbecausethemovietheaterwillattractcustomersfromneighboringtowns.Thoseneighborsdonothaveareasontocometothistownnow.However,iftheyarecominghereforamovies,theywillbemorelikelytostayheretoshop.Ifwegetmorevisitors,we’llneedbetterroads.Whilethismaybecostly,itwillalsomaketraveleasierforpeoplelivinghere.Wewillbeabletogetaroundfaster,Safetywillbeimprovedwiththenewroads,becausetheywillbeinbetterconditionthanmanythatwehavenow.Ibelievethatourtownneedsanewmovietheater.Again,Isupportitfully,Ihopethatothersinourcommunitywilljoinmetoconvinceresidentsandlocalgovernment.28ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldsometimesdothingsthattheydonotenjoyingdoing.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Iagreethatpeopleshouldsometimesdothingsthattheydon'tenjoydoing.Thisisabasicpartofbeinganadult.Plus,somethingsthataren't"fun"arestillgoodforusinthelongrun.Takepersonaltasks.Whoenjoysgoingtothedentist?Veryfewpeopleenjoyhavingtheirannualcheck-upwiththedoctor.Notalotofpeopleenjoychangingtheoilintheircarormovingtheirlawns.Theseareallthingswedobecausewehaveto,notbecausewewantto.Werealizethattakingcareofourphysicalhealthisthesensiblethingtodo.Weknowthatifwedon'tchangetheoilinourcars,ourcarswon'trun.Weunderstandthatgrassgrowsandifwedon'tmowit,ourlawnswilllookliketropicalforests.Professionaltaskedareanotherpartofthesameequation.Noonelikestobestuckwithaboringassignmentortobetoldwehavetoworkwithsomeonenooneelsegetsalongwith.Sometimeswehavetoputupwithunfaircriticismfromasupervisororresentmentfromthosewesupervise.Ifwe'reinmanagement.,wemayhavehadtheunpleasanttaskofhavingtofiresomeone.Noneofthesearefunthings,Unfortunately,they’reallpartofearningaliving,somethingthemajorityofadultshavetodo.Ontheotherhand,sometimesdoingsomethingwedon'tenjoydoingcanleadtoenjoyment.Simplybytryingitagain,wemaydecidewelikedoingit.forinstance,wemayhaveconvincesourselveswehatetodance.Weagreetogotoaclubonlytopleasesomeoneelse.Yet,forsomereason,thistimeweenjoyingdancing.We’vebeencheatingourselvesofenjoymentwithoutevenknowingit.Thesamecanbetrueoftryingnewfoodsoranewtypeofmuseum.Doingwhatwedon'tenjoydoesn’talwayshavetobeabother,doesit?It’sjustpartoflife.29ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Television,newspapers,magazines,andothermediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeoplesuchaspublicfiguresandcelebrities.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouropinion.Ithinkthemediapaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesoffamouspeople.Television,newspapermagazinesandwebsitesdigupallkindsofpastbadactions.Theysaythatthesearetruereflectionsofaperson'scharacter.Thismaybetrueiftheyoccurredonlyafewyearsbefore,butsomeofthesearethingspeopledidasteenagers.Peopleintheirfortiesareexpectedtoexplainsomethingtheydidwhentheywerefifteen.Iftheykilledsomeone,obviouslythat'smorethanayouthfulmistake.Usually,though,theseincidentsinvolveexperimentswithdrugsorbeingrecklessinacar.They'renotsomethingthatthepublicneedstoknow.

8Themedialovetosaythatthepublichasarighttoknow.That'snottrue.Wedon'tneedtoknowifamoviestarorpoliticianhashadanextramaritalaffair.Thatissomethingofconcernonlytothepeopleinvolved.Wedoneedtoknowifsomeonewe'reelectingtopublicofficehasbeeninvolvedinshadybusinessdeals,butwedon'tneedtoknowifheorshedefaultedonaloantwentyyearsago.Itseemsthemediadigupthesefactswithoutgivingthoughtfulconsiderationtowhatmighthappen.Ithasaneffectonthecelebrity'sfamily,especiallythechildren.Acelebrity'sgoodnameandcredibilitymayberuinedbeforeheorshecanprovethatrumorsarefalse.Ifacasegoestocourt,payingalawyercanuseupalltheirmoney.Evenifitdoesn'tcometothat,theymayfindtheircareerruined.Whenarewe,thepublic,goingtomakeitcleartothemediathatwe'retiredofhavingtowatchthiskindofthingonthenews?Wouldn'titbebetteriftheywouldconcentrateonmoreimportantissues?30PRSomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingharmed(damaged)byhumanactivity.OthersthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Thequalityofhumanlifehasimprovedgreatlyoverthepastfewcenturies,butEarthisbeingharmedmoreandmorebyhumanactivity.Aswedevelopourtechnology,wedemandmorefromourplanet.Eventually,thiswillharmpeopleaswell.Ourplanetgivesuseverythingweneed,butnaturalresourcesarenotendless.Stripminingdevastateswholeregions,leavingbareanduselessground.Deforestationremovesoldgrowthtreesthatcan'tbereplaced.Toomuchfishingmayharmfishpopulationstothepointwheretheycan'trecover.Wearetoocarelessintakingwhatwewantwithoutgivinganythingback.Therearemorepeoplethanever,livinglongerthatever.Soisitanysurprisethatmanyareassufferfromtoomuchdevelopment?Anyonelivinginornearacityhasexperienced"urbansprawl".Thereisanewshoppingareaoneverycornerandnewhouses,townhousesandapartmentseverywhere.Trafficgetsworseandworsebecauseplannerscan'tkeepupwithgrowth.Keepingupwithhumandemandishardenough.Environmentalconcernscomeinlast.Withgrowthcomespollution.Companiesandcommunitiesdumpwasteintowater.Landfillsarefulloftrash.Emissionsfromfactoriespollutetheair.Barrelsofindustrialwasteandworse,radioactivewaste,havenosafeplacetogo.Ifwe'renotcareful,wecanharmourplanetbeyondrepair.PeopleneedtorespecttheEarthandtrytopreserveit.Ifwedon't,whatkindoffuturewillwehave?31.Ithasrecentlybeenannouncedthatanewhighschoolmaybebuiltinyourneighborhood.Doyousupportoropposethisplan?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailsinyouranswer.Iopposehavinganewhighschoolbuiltinmyneighborhood.AlthoughIknowthere’sarealneedforanewfacility,IhavetosaythatIdon’twantonebuiltsoclosetome.Ithinkitwouldcausealotofproblems.Firstofall,thereareveryfewteenagersinthisneighborhood,orinoursuburbansubdivision,forthatmatter.Mostoftheresidentshereareeitherretiredorarejuststartingoutwithyoungchildren.Thismeansthatthekidscomingtothenewhighschoolwouldn’tbewalking.Theywouldcomeonbusesorwouldbedrivingtotheschool.Eitherway,thiswouldmeanalotmoretrafficonourstreets.Inadditiontothetrafficonschooldays,therealsowouldbetrafficwhenevertherewasasportingevent,suchasabasketballorfootballgame,oractivitiesattheschool.Wouldtherebeenoughparkingintheschoollotforeveryoneattendingthoseevents?Probablynot.Consequently,thoseextracarswouldendupourneighborhood.MyneighborsandIwouldalsobeupsetaboutthelossofthepark,whichisthesitethat’sbeenselectedforthehighschool.Motherswithyoungchildrengatherthereeverymorningfortheirkidstoplaytogether.Peoplemyageliketotakeawalkafterdinner.Onweekends,thatparkisaplaceforpicnicandrelaxation.We’dbesorrytoloseourneighborhoodpark.Ialsohavesomeconcernsaboutallthoseyoungpeoplebeinginourneighborhood.Wouldtherebeproblemswithdrugsorfights?Couldtheschooldistrictguaranteeusthatsecuritywouldbeapriority?TheseareconcernsthatIdon'tthinkcanbeaddressedsufficientlyformetosupportanewhighschoolinmyneighborhood.32Somepeoplespendtheirentirelivesinoneplace.Othersmoveanumberoftimesthroughouttheirlives,lookingforabetterjob,house,community,orevenclimate.Whichdoyouprefer:sayinginoneplaceormovinginsearchofanotherplace?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouropinion.EventhoughIhavelivedinthesamehouse,inthesameneighborhood,inthesamecitymyentirelife.IknowIwouldbehappylivinginavarietyofplace.Movingwouldexposemetonewpeople,newweather,andnewhousing.EvenifIweretomovetoanotherpartofmycity,Iwouldencounternewpeople.Eachneighborhoodhasadistinctpersonality.WhenImovetothatneighborhood,Iwouldmeettheshopkeepersandresidentsthatshapethatpersonality.ImayevenadoptpartoftheremannerasmyownsoIcouldberecognizedaspartofthatcommunity.IfIwanttoencounterdifferentweatherpatterns,Iwouldhavetomovebeyondmycity.WhereIlivenow,itisthesametemperatureallyear,IwouldliketogotoaplacewheretherearefourseasonssoIcanexperiencereallycoldtemperatures.Iwouldliketowalkinthesnowandperhapsgoskiing.IcouldlearnwintersportsifIlivedinthenorth.Nowofcourse,Ilivewithmyparentsintheirhome.Itisaonestoryhousebuiltaroundacourtyardwhereourfamilyspendsalotoftime.IfIweretomove,IwouldliketoliveinanapartmentonaveryhighfloorsoIcouldseeallaroundme.Icouldalsomeetmyneighborsintheelevatorandwecouldgettogetherforcoffeeinmyapartment.ThemoreImovethemoreIwouldexperiencechange.IwouldmeetnewpeopleineveryplaceIlived;IcouldmovetosamplecountrieswithfourseasonsorevenacontinentlikeAntarcticawhichonlyhastwo.WhereverIlived,Iwouldexperiencelivinginhousingparticulartothatarea.Iwouldthenbeacitizenoftheworld,wouldn’tI?CouldyoucallmeaforeignerifIcalledeveryplacemyhome?33.Isitbettertoenjoyyourmoneywhenyouearnitorisitbettertosaveyourmoneyforsometimeinthefuture?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.“Saveitforrainyday.”That’smymotto.WhenIhaveachoicebetweenspendingmymoneyorputtingitinmysavingsaccountatthebank,Ialwaysputit

9inthebank.Iwillhavealotofexpensesinthefuturelikemyeducation,travel,andunforeseenemergencies.Ineedtohavemoneysetasidefortheseexpenses.Educationisexpensive.Ican’tdependonmyparentstopayallmybills.Ihavetuition,roomandboard,books,andincidentalexpensestopayfor.I’lltrytogetascholarshiptocoversomeofthesecosts,butIknowIwillberesponsibleforalotoftheexpenses.IfIspendmymoneynow,Iwon’tbeabletopayformyeducation.Ineedtosavemoneyformyeducation.Travelisalsoveryexpensive.Idon’tmeanvacationtravel.Imeantraveltogettoandfromschool.Transpacificairfarecostsalotevenspecialreducedfares.Ifirsthavetogettoschoolandthen,ofcourse,Iwanttoreturntomyfamilyforimportantfestivalsandoccasions.Goingbackandforthwillbecostly,butworthit.Ineedtosavemoneyforthesetrips.Emergenciescouldarriveatanymoment.ImighthaveanunexpectedillnesswhileIamatschool.Theremightbecoststhatwon’tcoveredbytheschoolinsurance.Oneofmyfamilymembersmayneedhelp,Iwillhavetosendthemmoney.Youcan’tpredictemergencieslikethis,butyoucanbeprepared.Ineedtosavemoneyfortheseemergencies.Whenyouarenotrich,youcannotspendyourmoneycarelessly.Youmustplanahead.Iknowinmylife,Iwillhaveexpensesformyschoolingandfortravellingtoandfrommyhome.IknowthatIwillalsohaveunexpectedexpensesrelatedtounforeseenemergencies.Imustbeprepared.Ineedtosavemoneyfortheseevents.34.Youhavereceivedagiftofmoney.Themoneyisenoughtobuyeitherapieceofjewelryyoulikeorticketstoaconcertyouwanttoattend.Whichwouldyoubuy?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Thechoicebetweenspendingmoneyonticketstoaconcertorspendingmoneyonjewelryisaneasyone.Giventhischoice,Iwouldbuyjewelry.Thereasonsareobvious,jewelryisaninvestment;itispermanent;anditisfashionable.Jewelrylikeagoldbraceletforexampleisaverygoodinvestment.Itisimportantforwomen(andforman,too)tohavegoldjewelry.Ifyouhavesomeseriousfinancialproblem,youcouldalwayssellyourjewelrytohelpyouoveranyroughspots.Youcouldnotsellyourusedconcertticket.Jewelry,unlessyousellit,ispermanent.Youalwayshaveitware.Eachtimeyouputiton,youwillrememberthedayyouboughtit.Itwillgiveyoupleasureforyearsandyears.Youcouldnotweartheticketstubfromtheconcert.Jewelryisveryfashionable.Iwouldfeelverysmartwearingabeautifulgoldbraceletordiamondpin.Peoplewouldcommentandtellmehowmuchtheylovedmyjewelry.Theywouldcomplimentmeonmygoodtaste.Iwouldfeelveryrichwithmyjewelry.Iwouldhaveagoodinvestmentwhichispermanentandfashionable.Then,whensomeoneinvitesmetoaconcert(andpaysformyticket),Iwillhavesomethingbeautifultowear.35.Youmustselectapersontoteachotherstodoajob.Whichoneofthefollowingisthemostimportantforyoutoconsiderinmakingyouselection?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Trainingsomeonetodoajobisanimportanttask.Itrequiresagoodeducation,workexperience,andskilledjobperformance.Ofthesethreerequirements,Ibelieveitismostimportantthatapotentialjobtrainerbejudgedonthequalityofhisorherpreviouswork.Apersonmaybewelleducated,butnotabletoperformajobproficiently.Adoctormayknowhowtotreatchildhooddiseases,butnotbeabletotrainmedicalstudentstoperformsurgery.Anaccountantmaybeabletobalanceacompany’saccounts,butnotbeabletohelpthecompany’sexecutivesinvesttheirmoney.Apersonmayhavealotofworkexperience,butnotbeabletodothejobwell.Timeisnotthebestmeasureofquality.Amothermayspend17-yearsraisingherchildren,butnotbeabletotrainyoungmotherstocarefortheirinfants.Atypistmayhavetypedten-yearsworthofletters,butmaynottypeover30wordsaminute.Apersonwhodoesajobwellistheoneyouwanttobeatrainer.Iwanttolearntoflyaplanefromapilotwhohasfacedalotofmechanicalproblemsinflightandneverhadanaccident.Iwanttolearnhowtomakemoneyfromabillionairenotformasalariedinvestmentbroker.Asinallthings,itisqualitythatwelookfor,notgeneralknowledgeortimespentinanoccupation.Iwantotherstolearnfromthebest,sotheycanbethebest,too.36.Businessshouldhireemployeesfortheirentirelives.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Insomebusinesscultures,itisthepracticetohireworkerswhentheyareyoungandemploythemuntiltheyretire.Inotherbusinessculturescompanieshirepeopletodoajobandthenfirethemwhentheyarenotneeded.Tome,theimportantconsiderationsintoday’seconomyisjobperformance:speedandchange.Loyaltyisnotaconsideration.Todaythereisalotofcompetitionandweneedtohireworkerswhocanperformataskwell.Weneedtofindskilledworkerswhocandoajobwithoutalotoftraining.Weneedtomatchthejobtotheworker,and,ifthejobchanges,wechangetheworker.Becauseofthisincreasedcompetition,weneedtobeabletoproduceourgoodsorservicesquickly.Weneedyoungpeoplewhoarewillingtoputinlonghours.Weneedyoungpeoplewhoareaggressiveandwillpushthemselvestodotheirjobfaster.Inordertocompete,wehavetobeinnovative.Bychangingourworkforcefrequently,wecanbringinnewideas.WemustlTheperson’seducationlTheperson’sworkexperiencelThequalityoftheperson’spreviousworkconstantlybelookingfornewwaystodonewthings.Weneedfreshworkerswithfreshpointsofview.Althoughacompany’sloyaltytoaworkerandaworkersloyaltytoacompanyisanobleidea,itisnotpracticaltoday.Skilledworkersdonotwanttobetieddowntoonecompany;theywanttheflexibilitytoimprovetheiropportunities.Changemakestheeconomypowerful.37.Countries,businesses,andschoolsarethreeareasthatneedgoodleaders.Chooseoneofthesethreeareasanddescribethemostimportantqualitiesofaleaderinthatarea.Explainwhythesequalitiesareimportant,usingspecificexamplesanddetails.Theprincipalofaschoolisoneofourfirstencounterswithafigureofauthority.Consequently,heorshemustbeagoodexampleofaleader.Theprincipalmustbefirm,fairandforesightedwhichareimportantqualitiesofaprincipal.Whenaprincipalannouncesarule,youmustunderstandthatheorshemeansit.Ifarulerequiresallstudentstobeintheirseatswhenthebellrings,therulemustbeenforced.Ifstudentsareoutoftheirseats,theyshouldbepunished.Ifarulerequiresthatstudentsnotwearbatsinschool,therulemustbeenforced.Ifstudentswearbats,thebatsmustbetakenawayfromthem.Aprincipalmustbefirm.Whenaprincipalenforcesarule,youmustunderstandthatheorshewilltreateveryoneequally.

10IfIgetcaughteatingatmydesk,Imustreceivethesamepunishmentthatmyclassmategotwhenshegotcaughteatingatherdesk.Ifasophomoreislateforschool,heorshemustreceivethesamepunishmentthataseniorwould.Aprincipalmustbefair.Whenaprincipalestablishesarule,youmustunderstandthatheorshehasagoodreasonforit.Ifarulerequiresthatstudentsmustparticipateinextracurricularsports,youshouldunderstandthattheprincipalknowsthatastrongbodyaswellasastrongmindwillhelpusinthefuture.Ifarulerequiresthatstudentsmustdotwohoursofvolunteerworkinthecommunityeachweek,youshouldunderstandthattheprincipalknowsthatcloseinvolvementinthecommunitybuildsstrongcharacter.Aprincipalmustbeforesighted.Aprincipal’sjobisnotaseasyone.Ionlyhopethatinthefuture,IcanmodelmyownleadershipabilitiesontheonesIobservedinschool.IhopeIcanbeasfirm,fair,andforesightedasmyprincipal.38Chooseoneofthefollowingtransportationvehiclesandexplainwhyyouthinkithaschangedpeople’slives.lAutomobileslBicycleslAirplanesUsespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Anairplaneisaformoftransportationthathaschangedpeople’slives.Thankstotheplane,ourlivesarenowfaster,moreexciting,andmoreconvenientthatbefore.Youcannotdenythataplaneisfast.Forexample,theConcordefliesatsupersonicspeed.AbusinessmancanleaveParisat11a.m.inthemorningandarriveinNewYorkat8a.m.thesamemorningintimeforaday’swork.ManybusinesspeopleinEuropewillflytoLondonforanoonmorningintimeforaday’swork.ManybusinesspeopleinEuropewillflytoLondonforanoonmeetingandthenreturnhometoRomeorMadridfordinner.Itisalwaysexcitingtotakeaplanetrip.Whenyoutakeatripbyplane,youknowthatyoumightcrossmanytimezones,manyoceans,andmanycountries.Whenyougetofftheplane,youcouldbeinaplacethatspeaksadifferentlanguage.Aplaneislikeamagician’strick.Yougetinaboxandyoucomeoutsomewheretotallydifferent.Nothingcanbeattheconvenienceofaplane.Intheolddays,itmighttakeyoudaystodowhattheplanecandoitanhour.Boats,forexample,onlyleaveoncertaindaysoftheweekandtakealongtimetogettotheirdestination.Planesgiveyoutheoptiontoleaveseveraltimesadayandgetyoutoyourdestinationquickly.Althoughotherformsoftransportationmaybemorecomfortable,nonehaschangedthewaywedobusinessandliveourlivesmorethantheplane.Thankstothespeed,excitement,andconvenienceoftheplanes,ourlivesarericher.39.Doyouagreeordisagreethatprogressisalwaysgood?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Whowoulddisagreewiththestatement“progressisgood”?Withoutprogress,therewouldbenochange.Withoutprogress,therewouldbenochangeinoureconomy,ourstandardofliving,orourhealth.Progressisrequiredtokeeptheeconomymovingforward.Newproductsneedtobedeveloped;newservicesneedtobecreated.Withoutprogress,oureconomywouldstandstill.Therewouldbenochange.Withoutprogress,therewouldbenosupermarketswithfressproducebroughtinfromallovertheworld.Progressisrequiredtoimproveourstandardofliving.Ourhomestodayaremoreefficientanduselessnaturalresourcesthankstoimprovementinhomeconstructiontechniques.Ourclothesarewarmerandsaferthankstodevelopmentsintextilemanufacturing.OureducationalsystemisbetterthankstotheuseofthecomputersandtheInternet.Progressisrequiredtoimprovetheheathoftheworldpopulation.Withoutprogress,therewouldbenovaccinesagainstdeadlydiseaseslikesmallpox.Withoutprogress,therewouldbeincreasedinfantmortality.Thankstoprogress,ourlivesarelongerandhealthier.Progressisanaturalstate.Withoutit,wewouldnotevolve.Withoutit,oureconomy,ourstandardofliving,andourhealthwoulddeteriorate.Whocoulddenythenecessityofprogress.40Learningaboutthepasthasnovalueforthoseofuslivinginthepresent.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Peopleoftensay“Thosewhodon’tunderstandhistorywillrepeatthemistakesofthepast.”Itotallydisagree.Idon’tseeanyevidencethatpeoplehavemadesmartdecisionsbasedontheirknowledgeofthepast.Tome,thepresentiswhatisimportant,notthepast.Ithinkthatpeople,theweather,andpoliticsdeterminewhathappens,notthepast.Peoplecanchange.Wecan’tassumethatpeoplewillcontinuetohateoneanotherjustbecausetheyhavehadhatedoneanotherforyears.LookatTurkeyandGreece.WhenTurkeyhadanearthquake,Greecesentaid.WhenGreecehadanearthquake,Turkeysentaid.Now,thesetwocountriesarecooperatingandlookingforwardtoimprovedrelations.Nodoubt,ifwelookedatthepast,wecouldhavethoughtthiswasalostcause.Butpeoplechange.Theweathercanchange.Farmersthinkthattheycanplantcertaincropsbecausethesecropshavealwaysgrownwellintheirfieldsbefore.Buttheweathercanchange.Therecanbealongdrought.Thecropsthathavealwaysworkedwell,willdie.Adrought-resistantcropneedstobetried.Ifwelookedatthepast,wewouldnothavechangedourcropandwewouldhavelostourfarm.Weatherchanges.Politicsanchange.Accordingtomywayofthinking,politiciansmustberesponsivetochangesinthepeople.Ifpoliticianslookedonlyatthepast,theywouldalwayssaythesamething.Peoplechange.Onthewhole,peopletodaycareabouthumanrights.Theywarnallpeopletohavetheequalrights.IfwelookedatthepastintheUnitedStates,wewouldseealotofdiscriminationagainstraces,women,andsexualorientation.Now,thatischanging.Politicianschanges,too.Asarulewhatisimportanttodayistofollowthemoodofthemoment.Wecan’tbelookedinthepast.Itdoesn’tdousanygoodtothinkaboutthepast.People,theweather,andpoliticscanchangeinanydirection.Thedirectionofthis155篇大学应背英语课文（三）41ADTheexpression“Never,nevergiveup”meanstokeeptryingandneverstopworkingforyourgoals.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,try,tryagain.”Thesearewisewords.Oneshouldnevergiveup.Thereisalwaysanother

11opportunity,anothergoal,oranotheroption.OnceIranforpresidentofmyclass.Unfortunately,Ilost.IlostbecauseIdidnotpromotemyselfenough.Ilookedatmymistakesanddecidedhowtocorrectthem.Thefollowingyear,Iranforpresidentagain.ThistimeIgavespeeches,calledvotersonthephone,andbandedoutbrochures.ThistimeIwon.Nevergiveup.Thereisalwaysanotheropportunity.OnceIwantedtostudymedicine.Unfortunately,Ididn’tlikescience.Ifailedallmysciencecoursesatschool.ThenIrealizedthatwhatIlikedaboutmedicinewashelpingpeople.Ichangedmygoalfromhealingpeopletohelpingpeople.Now,I’mstudyingpsychology.Thereisalwaysanothergoal.OnceIwantedtotalkwithmyfriend.Unfortunately,hiscomputerwasdownandIcouldn’te-mailhim.HisphonelinewasbusysoIcouldn’tcallhim.MailwouldtaketoolongsoIcouldn’twritehim.SinceIreallywantedtotalkwithhim.Igotonthebusandwentacrosstowntovisithim.Thereisalwaysanotheroption.Ifyougiveup,youmightaswelldie.Myadviceistoalwayslookforanotheropportunity,anothergoal,oranotheroption.Thereisalwayssomethingelse.Don’tgiveup.42ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Withthehelpoftechnology,studentnowadayscanlearnmoreinformationandlearnitmorequickly.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Technologyhasgreatlyimprovedthewaywegetinformation.Studentscannowgetmoreinformation,getitmorequickly,andgetitmoreconveniently.TheInternetandtheWorldWideWebhasopenedeverymajorlibraryanddatabasetostudentsaroundtheworld.Informationcomesnotonlyinprintform,butalsoinmultimedia.Youcangetaudioandvideodata.Youcangetinformationabouteventinthepastaswellaseventsthatunfoldasyouwatchyourcomputermonitor.InformationcomesatthespeedoftheInternet,whichistosayinnanoseconds.Youcantypeinafewkeywordsinyoursearchengine,andtheenginewillsearchtheentirewwwtofindinformationonyourtopic.Youdon’thavetospendhourspouringovercardcatalogsinthelibraryandlookingattheshelves.ThisresearchisdoneforyouinstantlyontheWeb.Itiscertainlymoreconvenienttositathomeanddoresearchonyourcomputer.Yourcomputerisopen24hoursaday,unlikealibraryoroffice,whichhaslimitedhoursandlimitedresources.Youcandoresearchinyourpajamaswhileyoueatbreakfast.Whatcouldbemoreconvenient?Technology,especiallytheInternet,hascertainlychangedthequantityandqualityoftheinformationweget.Thespeedandconvenienceofacomputerhelpsstudentslearnmore,morequickly.43ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Gamesareasimportantforadultsastheyareforchildren.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Everyonelikestoplaygames.Gamesareimportantatanyagetokeepyourmindsharp,learnnewthings,andmaintainsocialskills.Peoplesayyoucan’tteacholddognewtricks.Modernresearchhasshownthatseniorcitizenscancontinuetogrowbraincellsbyexercisingtheirmind.Gamesareagreatwaytoexerciseyourmind.Byconcentratingonthetacticsofthegame,memorizingmoves,keepingtrackofyouropponents’strategies,youcankeepyourbrainfunctioningandgrowing.Somegamescanteachyoualot.Gamesthataskquestions,forexample,willshowyouwhatyoudon’tknow.(NamethecapitalofAlbania,forexample.)Itisalwayseasiertolearnsomethingwhenyourealizeyoudon’tknowit.Whenyouplayagame,youhavetobeconsiderateofyouropponents.Youcanobservepeople’sreactionsandthewaytheyinteractastheyplay.Itisalwaysinterestingtowatchpeople.Maintainingpersonalcontactsisimportantforeveryone.Regardlessofyourage,playinggamescanhelpyoukeepyourmindalert,learnnewthings,andbuildfriendships.44EXAwardsandprizesaregivenforexcellenceinvariousfields.Dotheseawardsandprizesserveausefulpurpose?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Aprizeoraward,whetherit’stheNoblePrize,theAcademyAward,orBestHandwritingPrize,isimportant.Suchprizescanhaveeconomic,personal,andsocialeffectsthatenrichthelifeoftherecipient.PrizeliketheNoblePrizecanbeacashaward.Buteverforprizesthatdon’t,liketheAcademyAward,anactresswhowinsbestactresswillbeofferedmorerolesandahigherpaythanactresseswhodon’twintheaward.Evenfortheelementarystudentwhoreceivedtheschool’sBestHandwritingawardmaygetacongratulationsgiftfromproudgrandparents.Thepersonalbenefitsofreceivinganyawardareevident.Anyawardwinnerispleasedthatbeorshehasbeenrecognizedforhisorherwork.WhenpeoplereceivetheAcademyAward,theyoftencrytheyaresohappy.Everyonelikestobewithawinner.Apersonwhogetsaprizeoftenhasmanynew,bestfriends.Awinner’ssociallifeismuchbetterthanaloser’ssociallife.ThewinneroftheBestHandwritingprizemaynotbeverypopularwithhisorherjealousclassmates,however.Awardsserveaveryusefulpurposeinthattheireconomic,personal,andsocialbenefitsaddtotherecognition.45ADSomepeoplethinkthathumanneedsforfarmland,housing,andindustryaremoreimportantthatsavinglandforendangeredanimals.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththispointofview?Whyorwhynot?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Inthepast,therehavebeenmanyendangeredanimals.Nowtheyareextinct.Doesitmatter?Hasourenvironmentbeenaffectedbytheirabsence?Hasthequalityofourownlifebeenchanged?Theanswertothesequestionsis“Yes.”Yes.Itdoesmatterifwedestroyanendangeredspecieshabitattodevelopmorefarmland,housingorindustrialparks.Thereisadelicatebalanceofnature.Ifonesmallpartisremoved,itwilleffectalltheotherparts.Forexample,ifcertaintreesarecutdown,batswillhavenoplacetoroost.Iftheycannotroost,theycannotbreed.Iftherearenobats,therewillbenoanimal,orbirdtoeatcertaininsectsthatplagueourcrops.Yes.Ourenvironmenthasbeenaffectedbytheabsenceofcertainanimals.Certainflowersarepollinatedbybutterflies,whichmigratefromCanadatoMexico.Someofthebreedinggroundsofthesebutterfliesweredestroyed.Nowtheseflowersaredisappearingfromcertainareas.Wewillnolongerbeabletoenjoytheirbeauty.Yes.ThequalityofourlifehasbeenchangedAmericausedtobecoveredwithgianttrees.Nowwehavetovisittheminonesmallpark.Rainforestsaroundtheworldarebeingcutdowntomakeroomforhumans.Wewillneverbeabletoseeorstudythisfragileecosystem.Iwouldencourageushumanstolookforotheralternativesforourfarmlands,housing,andindustries.Wehavealternatives;theanimalsdonot.46MAWhatisa

12veryimportantskillapersonshouldlearninginordertobesuccessfulintheworldtoday?Chooseoneskillandusespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.TheoneskillIwouldchooseforsuccessistolerance.Idonotdefinesuccesseconomically.Idefinesuccesssocially.Tosucceedinthefuture,wewillneedtobetolerantofoneanother’sbackground,opinions,andlifestyle.Theworldisbecomingincreasinglymobile.Wenolongerareabletoliveandworkonlywithpeoplewhowenttothesameschoolsandwenttothesamepartiesasourparentsandwedid.Now,wewillworkdirectlywithpeoplewhosebackgroundsarecompletelydifferentfromours.Wemustbetolerantofthesedifferencesastheymustbetolerantofusifwearetoliveandworktogetheramiably.Wecannotstopspeakingtopeopleorstartawarjustbecausethereisadifferenceinopinion.Wemustlearntobetolerantofoneanotherandrespectthesedifferencesinopinion.Wehavetofindacommonground,anideawecanbothagreeon.Oncewehaveagreementononesubject,itwillbeeasiertosettledifferencesinothersubjects.Differentpeoplehavedifferentlifestyles.Wemustacceptthesedifferenceseventhoughtheymaybedifferentthanwhatweareusedto.Womancanliveontheirown,holdimportantjobs,andraisechildrenontheirown.Mencanstayhomeandtakecareofchildren.Socialrolescanchangeandwemustbetolerantofthesechanges.Tosucceedsocially,youmustbeadaptedtodifferences.Youmustbetolerantofallpeoplesregardlessoftheirbackground,theiropinions,ortheirlifestyles.47MAResolvingproblemsbetweenindividualsorgroupsisimportant.Whatshouldbeconsideredorkeptinmindinresolvingproblemsbetweenindividualsorgroups?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Conflictresolutionisveryimportant.Thetechniqueisthesamewhetherit’sbetweenpeople,betweengroups,orbetweennations.Youneedtofindacommonground;youneedtolearnwhatbothsideswant;andyouneedtoplanstepstoresolvetheconflict.Findingacommongroundisthefirstimportantstepinanyconflictresolution.Forexample,iftwocountriesarefighting,amediatorcoulddowhatisthesinglethingthatbothcountiesareconcernedabout.Oneanswermightbetheirchildren’sfuture.Agreeingonthefutureoftheirchildrenisanimportantfirststep.Thenextstepwouldbetotrytodeterminewhatbothsideswantfortheirchildren.Forexample,CountryXsays,“SecurityfromCountryY.”CountryYsays,“SecurityfromCountryX.”Obviously,theyfeelthreatenedbyoneanother.Thethirdstepistoplanstepstoresolvetheconflict.Amediatormightaskwhatwouldmakeeachsidemoresecure:Strongerborders?Increasedtrade?Smallermilitaryforces?Oncethestepsareestablished,thepeaceprocesshasbegun.Idon’tmeantoimplythatthisiseasy.Resolvinglong-termdisputesisnotsimple.Buttheprocesscanbebrokendownintothreesteps(commonground,needs,stepstoresolution)andthenrepeatedandrepeateduntilthereispeace.48ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Self-confidenceisthemostimportantfactorforsuccessinschooloratwork.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Self-confidenceisoneveryimportantfactorforsuccess,buttherearetwootherequallyimportantfactors:knowledgeandsensitivity.Allthreearerequiredforsuccessinanyarea.Oneneedstofeelonecanaccomplishatask.Ifonethinksheorsheisincapableofdoingsomething,heorshewillnotsucceed.Forexample,ifyouthinkyouaregoingtodopoorlyonanexam,youwillprobablydopoorly.Itisimportanttotellyourselfthatyoucandowell.Ifyouhaveconfidenceinyourself,youwillprobablydowell.Evenifyouhaveagreatdealofself-confidence,youwon’tbeabletowellontheexamwithoutknowledge.Youhavetounderstandyoursubjectverywell.Withknowledgeandself-confidenceyouhaveabetterchanceofsuccess.Inareasotherthanexams,youwillneedtobesensitivetoyoursurroundingsinordertosucceed.Youwillneedtoknowwhethertoboastaboutyourselforbemodest;youwillneedtoknowwhetheryoushouldtaketheleadorletothers.Thisisadifficultskilltolearn,butanimportantoneforsuccess.Tobesuccessfulinschoolorwork,youneedthreequalities:self-confidence,knowledge,andsensitivity.Along,noneofthesefactorswillhelpyousucceed.Buttogether,theyensuresuccess.49EXWhydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportouranswer.Dangeroussportsoractivitiesattractacertaintypeofperson.Thispersonisoftenarisktaker,anoptimist,andafatalist.Peoplewhotakerisksarefoundbothindangeroussportsandbusiness.Butitisaspecialpersonwhotakesariskwithhisownlifeasopposedtohismoney.Myfatherwasarisktaker.Heputeverythingbeownedintohisbusiness,buthestopped

13playingriskysportslikehorsebackridingandskiing.Oncehisbusinesswasasuccessandhenolongerbadtoworryaboutprovidingforus,hereturnedontheageof60,totheriskysportsthathedidasayouth.Someonewhoplaysadangeroussportmustbeanoptimist.Theycannotimaginethatanythingwillhappentothem.Theyneverthinkaboutbreakingtheirlegwhileskiing,fallingoffacliffwhilerockclimbing,fallingontheirheadwhileskydiving.Theyliveforthethrillofthemomentwithoutathoughttothemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.Rockclimbersandsportscardriversmustbefatalist.Theymightplanforpotentialproblems,butoncetheyhavedoneeverythingtheycando,theoutcomeisoutoftheirbands.Amotorcyclistwhenjumpsacrossanarrowcanyonwillgetthefastest,strongestbikeavailablethatwillcarryhimorheracrossthecanyon,however,windconditionsorotherproblemsmightinterfereandthecyclistmyfallshortofhisgoal.50EXWhichismoreimportantforsuccess:thenaturalabilityyouarebornwithorhardwork?Explainyouropinion,usingspecificreasonsandexamples.Withoutadoubt,hardworkisamuchbetterpredictorofsuccessthannaturalability.Inmyexperience,Ihaveseenthisatworkinsports,school,andwork.Manyathleteshaveanaturalabilitytorunthefastestmileorkicktheballthemostaccurately.Unlesstheyworkhardthough,theywillnotbestars.Theyneedtotraindaily,eatproperly,livecorrectly.IttakeshardworktobeNumberOne.Atschool,Ihaveseenmanyverybrightstudentsdopoorlyonexams.Theycountontheirintelligencetogetthemthrough.However,unlesstheydotheirhomeworkeveryday,participateinclassdiscussions,andstudyforexams,theywillbethebottomsoftheclass.Manysalespeoplecantalkwithanyoneandconvincehimorhertobuysomething.Theyhaveanaturalabilitytosell.Theymusthoweverapplysomehardworktothisskill.Theymustlearnalotabouttheircustomers,abouttheproducttheyareselling,andaboutthemarket,theymustputsomeeffortintothepaperworkthatgoesalongwiththesale.Iftheydon’tfollowthrough,thesalewillnotbemade.Whateverthearea,whetherontheplayingfield,atschool,oronthesalesfloor,apersonmustnotrelyonhisnaturalabilityalongifheorshewantstosucceed.Theymustworkhardtobeasuccess.51ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsorotheradultrelativesshouldmakeimportantdecisionsfortheirolder(15to18year-old)teenagedchildren.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Nooneknowsmeaswellasmyparents.Noonewantsthebestformelikemyparents.ItisnaturalthatIshouldallowmyparentstomakeimportantdecisionsforme.Ithinkallolderteenagers(15to18year-olds)shouldtaketheirparentsadviceondecisionsthatconcerntheireducation,theirsociallife,andtheirfuturecareers.Myparentshavealwayschosenthebestschoolsformetoattend.TheyhaveencouragedmetoattendspecialprepclassestomakesurethatIwaswellpreparedfortheexams.TheyhavegivenmetutorstomakesurethatIunderstoodmysubjectswell.Whenitcomestochoosingacollege,Iwilltrustmyparentstomakethatdecision.Theyknowwhattheycanaffordandwhatwillgivemeagoodeducation.WhenIwasyoung,myparentswouldinvitechildrenovertoplaywithme.Overtheyears,Ihavebecomeveryclosetothesechildren.Theyarelikemyfamily.Wecelebrateholidaysandbirthdaystogether.Weevengotothemountainstogetherinthesummer.Myparentsdonotwantmetofallintothewrongcrowd.Theydonotwantmetomeetandfallinlovewithsomeonetheydonotknow.IunderstandthatandIwanttomakethemhappy.Myfatherrunsaverysuccessfulbusinessandmymotherisawell-knownpolitician.TheyareverywellconnectedandtheyhavemanyfriendswhowouldlikemetoworkforthemwhenIfinishschool.Thisisaverygoodarrangementforme.Ifallchildrenfollowtheirparents’wishes,theywouldprobablybehappier.Parentsonlywantthebestfortheirchildren.52PRSomepeopleliketotravelwithacompanion.Otherpeopleprefertotravelalone.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Travelingaloneistheonlywaytotravel.Ifyoutakesomeonewithyou,youtakeyourhomewithyou.Whenyoutravelalone,youmeetnewpeople,havenewexperiences,andlearnmoreaboutyourself.WhenItraveledwithmyfriend,Ispendallmytimewiththatfriend.Weeattogetherandsightseetogether.WhenItravelalone,Ispendmytimelookingfornewfriends.Itiseasytofineotherpeople,eitherothertouristsorlocals,toeatwithorhaveacoffeewith.Whenyousharemealswithstrangers,theybecomefriends.WhenItravelwithafriend,myroutineispredictable.Wemaintainthesameschedulethatwedoathome.WhenItravelalone,IadopttherhythmoftheplaceIvisit.Imighttakeanapintheafternoonandeatdinnerat11pm.Imightgotoadiscoanddanceallnight.WhenItravelwithafriend,weknowhowwewillreacttothings.WhenItravelalone,eachnewexperiencerequiresanewreaction.IfIdon’ttrynewthings,Iwon’tbeabletodecideifIlikesomethingornot.ShallIrideanostrichoreatone?Ithinkitisalwaysimportanttodothingsonyourown.Youcanfinenewfriends,collectnewmemories,andadoptdifferentwaysofdoingthings.Isn’tthatthepointoftravel?53PRSomepeopleprefertogetupearlyinthemorningandstarttheday’swork.Othersprefertogetuplaterinthedayandworkuntillateatnight.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Iprefersleepinglateandstayinguplateatnight.Thisroutinefitsmybody’srhythm,myworkschedule,andmysociallife.Ibelieveinfollowingmybody’snaturalrhythm.MybodytellsmetosleepuntilIamreadytogetupandgotobedwhenIamsleepy.ThismeansInevergetupearlyinthemorning.Mybodytellsmeitlikesmetoget8to10hoursofsleepaday.Sleepinglatealsofitsmyworkschedule.ActuallyIdon’thavethatmuchworktodo.Icaneasilyfinishmyworkbetweenlunchanddinner.Ithinkthatifoneworkstoomuch,thereisnotenoughtimelefttoenjoyone’sself.MyactivesociallifeisanotherreasonIprefertosleeplate.Whogetsupearlyinthemorningtohavefun?Noone.Anythingamusing,suchasconcerts,dances,parties,dinners,allhappenatnight.IfIgotupearlyinthemorning,Iwouldbetootiredtoenjoymyselfintheevening.IwillmaintainthispatternforeverIhope.Ithinkitisalwaysimportanttolistentoyourbodyandifyourbodytellsyoutostayinbed,youshouldlistentoit.Bylisteningtoyoubody,youwillneverletworkinterferewithyoursociallife.54EXWhataretheimportantqualitiesofagoodsonordaughter?Havethesequalitieschangedorremainedthesameovertimeinyourculture?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Thequalitiesofagoodsonanddaughter---obedience,loyalty,respect---havenotchanged.Anypatentwilltellyou

14that,liketheirancestors,theyexpectthesequalitiesfromtheirchildren.However,theydonotalwaysgetwhattheyexpectfromtheirchildren.Parentsdemandthattheirsonsanddaughters,regardlessofage,obeythem.Evenifthechildrenaremarriedandhavetheirownchildren,theyshouldstilldowhatevertheirparentsaskofthem.Atlast,that’sthewayitwas.Now,childrentendtoobeytheirparentsuntilthechildrenareofcollegeage.Thentheyfeeltheyareadultenoughandcanmaketheirowndecisionsevenifthesedecisionsareagainsttheparent’swishes.Parentsalsoexpectloyaltyfromtheirchildren.Iftherewasadisputeintheneighborhoodorbetweenfamilies,theparentswouldexpecttheirchildrentosidewiththeirownfamily.Thisqualityisprobablystillverycommon.Mostchildrentodaywillsupporttheirfamilyagainstothers.Parents,ofcourse,demandrespect.Aspeoplebecomemoremobile,andintroducedtonon-traditionalwaysofdoingthings,thisqualitymaynotendure.Parentsaresometimesviewedasold-fashioned.Childrendon’tthinktheirparentscanappreciatethewaylifereallyis.Theythinktheirparentsaretoooldtounderstand.Theyloserespectfortheirparents.Obedience,loyalty,andrespectarevirtuesthatarebeingchallengedtoday.Wemaynotobeyourparents,givethemtheloyaltyorrespecttheywishordeserve,butIhopemychildrenobeyme,areloyaltome,andrespectme.55PRSomepeopleprefertoworkforalargecompany.Othersprefertoworkforasmallcompany.Whichwouldyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Iwouldprefertoworkinalargecompanyratherthanasmallone.Alargecompanyhasmoretoofferintermsofadvancement,training,andprestige.Inalargecompany,Icanstartatanentry-levelpositionandworkmyselfuptothetop.Icouldstartinthemailroomand,onceIknowthecompany,canapplyforamanagerialposition.Inasmallcompany,thereisnotasmuchroomtogrow.Inalargecompany,thereareavarietyofjobs.Icouldworkinsales,inmarketing,indistribution,inshopping,orinanydepartmentIappliedfor.Icouldbetrainedinavarietyofpositionsandwouldhavevaluableexperience.Inasmallcompany,therewouldnotbethesameopportunity.Inalargecompany,therewouldbemoreprestige.IcouldbragtomyfriendsthatIworkedforoneofthebiggestcompaniesintheworld.IwouldalwayshavesomethingtotalkaboutwhenImetstrangers.IfIworkedinasmallcompany,Iwouldalwayshavetoexplainwhatthecompanydid.Workingforasmallcompanywouldnotgivemethesameopportunitiesforadvancementoron-the-jobtrainingasworkingforalargercompanywould.NorwouldIbeasproudtoworkforasmallcompany---unlessthesmallcompanywasmyown.56EXPeopleworkbecausetheyneedmoneytolive.Whataresomeotherreasonsthatpeoplework?Discussoneormoreofthesereasons.Usespecificexamplesanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Althoughpeopleworktoearnmoney,moneyisnotthemainreasonpeoplestayintheirjobs.Theyalsoworkbecausetheyenjoyworking,theyreceivejobsatisfaction,andtheylikethesenseofaccomplishment.Mostpeopleworkforwork’ssake.Theyenjoygoingtoanoffice,orstore,orschooleachday.Theyliketointeractwithotherpeople.Theyliketohelppeoplesolveproblems,learnsomething,orgetaproduct.Peopleliketohelpotherpeople.Alotofpeoplekeepthesamejobbecausethejobgivesthemalotofsatisfaction.Theygenuinelyenjoywhattheydo.Thisistrueformostteachers.Ateacher’spayisnotverygreat,butthejobsatisfactioncanbeveryhigh.Helpingsomeonelearnisoneofthegreatestthingsanyonecando.Peopleenjoytheirworkbecausetheylikethesenseofaccomplishment.Theyliketoknowwhattheyfinishedaproject.People,whoworkinfactories,takeprideinthecartheyproduceorthetelevisiontheyassemble.Whentheyseeacaronthestreet,theycanfeelasenseofaccomplishment.Theyhelpedmakethatcar.Moneyisnice,butitisnottheonlyreasonpeoplegetupandgotoworkeachday.Ibelievethatpeopleworkbecausetheyenjoytheactofworking;theyfindtheirworkpersonallyrewarding;andtheylikethefeelingofajobwelldone.57ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Face-to-facecommunicationisbetterthanothertypesofcommunication,suchasletters,email,ortelephonecalls.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Iwouldhavetoagreethatface-to-facecommunicationisthebesttypeofcommunication.Face-to-facecommunicationcaneliminatemisunderstandingsimmediately,cementrelationships,andencouragecontinuedinteraction.Ifyouaretalkingtosomeonedirectly,youcanseerightawayiftheydon’tunderstandyou.Aperson’sbodylanguagewilltellyoutheydisagreeordon’tfollowyourlineofthought.Youcanrepeatyourselforparaphraseyourargument.Ifyouhadsentane-mail,thepersonmayhavemisinterpretedwhatyouwantedtosay.Heorshecouldbeinsultedandyouwouldhavetowastetimeexplainingyourselfinanothere-mail.Whenyoutalkface-to-face,youcommunicatewithmorethanwords.Youcommunicatewithyoureyesandyourhands.Youcommunicatewithyourwholebody.Peoplecansensethatyoureallywanttocommunicatewiththem.Thisenergybondspeopletogether.Yourrelationship

15withapersoncangrowmuchstrongerwhenyoucommunicateinperson.Face-to-faceencounterstendtogoonlongerthanotherformsofcommunication.Ane-maillastsasecond;atelephonecall,afewminutes.However,whenyoumeetface-to-face,you’vemadeanefforttomeetwiththeperson,andthepersonhasmadeanefforttomeetwithyou.Youwillprobablyspendlongertogethertalking.Thelongeryoutalk,themoreyousay.Themoreyousay,thestrongeryourrelationshipwillbe.Insummary,ifyouwanttoestablisharelationshipwithanotherhumanbeing,thebestwayistalkingface-to-face.Whenyoucommunicatedirectly,youcanavoidmisunderstandingsthatmayoccurinwriting.Youcancommunicateonlevelsotherthanjustwordsandyoucanspendmoretimedoingit.58PRSomepeopleliketodoonlywhattheyalreadydowell.Otherpeopleprefertotrynewthingsandtakerisks.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Iamnotarisktaker.IliketodojustthosethatIamproficientat.Ihavelearnedthatitisbettertofocusmyattention,doonethinganddoitwell,andnottryanythingnew.WhenIwasyounger,Iwasalwaysexperimentingwithalotofdifferentthings.FirstIwantedtobeadressdesignersoIstudieddrawing.Icouldn’t’tdrawsoIdecidedtobeahistorian.ThatsuitedmeperfectlysinceallIhadtodowassitinalibraryandread.Ilearnedtofocusmyattentionononesubject.Iamaverygoodreaderandhistoryisveryinterestingtome.Idecidednottoreadanyothersubject.Ionlyreadhistorybooks.IevenfocusedmyattentiononChinesehistory.IonlyreadhistorybooksonChinesehistory.IdoonethingandIdoitwell.Idon’tliketotryanythingnew.IfIreadthingsinanotherarea,Idon’tdowell.Idon’tunderstandAmericanhistoryorEnglishhistory.Thenamesareconfusingandthestoriesnotinterestingtome.Idon’twanttolearnaboutanythingelse.Chinesehistoryismysubject.Imayseemabitstubborn,butIhavelearnedwhatmakesmehappy.Idon’tliketotakeariskwithnewthings.Iliketofocusmyattentionononesubject,doitwell,andnottryanythingnew.59EXSomepeoplebelievethatsuccessinlifecomesfromtakingriskorchance.Othersbelievethatsuccessresultsfromcarefulplanning.Inyouropinion,whatdoessuccesscomefrom?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Nothingventured.Nothinggained.Ifourgreatexplorersandscientistsdidnotlivebythiscreed,wherewouldwebe?Ithinkthatwemustalltakerisksinourlives,butthesemustbecalculatedrisks.Likethegreatthinkersofourtime,wemustplancarefully,seizeallopportunities,andreevaluateourplans.Thereisnosuchthingasachanceoccurrence.ColumbusinhissearchfortheIndiesdrewmaps,plottedhisroutecarefully,andsetout.MadamCurieworkeddiligentlyinherlaboratoryrecordingeveryaspectofherexperiments.Youneedtohaveacarefulplansoyoucanmeasureyoursuccess.Evenwithacarefulplan,changesoccur.ColumbuswaslookingfortheIndies,butendedupintheCaribbean.LewisandClarkwerelookingforariverpassagewest,butdiscoveredmuchmore.Youhavetobereadytotakeadvantageofnewthingsastheyoccur.Whenthingsgoagainstplan,youmustbereadytochangedirection.Columbusdidn’tbringbackspicesfromtheEastIndies,hebroughtbackgoldfromtheWestIndies.Itisimportanttoseethepositivesideofthings.Makeyourmistakesworkforyou.Youwillneversucceedinlifeifyoudon’ttakechance.Butbeforeyoustart,youmustplancarefullysoyouarereadytotakeadvantageofeveryopportunityandturnmistakestoyouradvantage.60MAWhatchangewouldmakeyourhometownmoreappealingtopeopleyourage?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Ithinkthatpeoplemyagewouldliketohaveaplacetogoafterschool.Theycouldgotheretosocialize,havemeetings,andjustrelax.Inmytown,thereareafewteahouses,butthesearereservedforourfathersandtheirfriends.Teenagersdonotgothereunlessit’stocarrymessagetotheirfathers.Weneedaplacewherewecanmeetafterschooltotalkaboutschoolandothersubjectsthatinterestus.Atourownteahouse,wecouldalsohavemeetings.Thosewouldbelikeclubmeetings.Wecouldhaveadebatingsociety,apoetryreadinggroup,orapoliticalclub.Wecouldmeetafterschoolonenightaweekandhaveourmeetings.Weneedaplacewherewecouldjustrelaxawayfromourfamily.Ourhomelifeisveryhectic;therearealotofyoungerchildrenmakingalotofnoiseintheevening.Weneedaquietplacetostudy,readthepaper,orjustsit.Ifourtownhadateahousereservedforteenagers,itwouldbegoodforourparentssincetheywouldalwaysknowwherewewere.Theywouldknowthatwewerejustsocializing,ormeeting,orjustrelaxingwithourfriends.155篇大学应背英语课文（四）请输入关键字减小字体增大字体62ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Oneshouldneverjudgeapersonbyexternalappearances.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Inmostcases,oneshouldneverjudgeapersonbyexternalappearances.SometimeswhenIwalkdownthestreetatnight,Iavoidpeoplewhoareactingtoughandloud,butingeneral,IprefertoreservejudgmentuntilIgettoknowsomeone.Judgingsomeonebyexternalappearancecanbedeceptive.Judgmentsbasedonexternalappearancespreventyoufromgettingtoknowapersonreinforcestereotypes,andaresuperficialandlimiting.Inhighschool,Istayedawayfromstudentswhowerecalledthe"badstudents"becausetheydressedacertainway.Iwanted

16nothingtodowiththem.Ilaterhadthechancetomeetoneofthese"badstudents"becauseofourmothers,westartedtalkingandIrealizedthatwehadalotincommon.MyimpressionofhimwasverydifferentonceIgottoknowhim.Ifyouformanopinionofsomeonebasedonstereotypes,yourisknevergettingtoknowsomeonewhoisdifferent.Youmayarebemissingoutonanopportunitytomakeagoodfriend.Inaddition,youarereinforcingthatstereotypebybelievingitwithoutgiventhepersonachance.Ifyoutakethetimetogettoknowtheperson,youmightbecomefriends.Judgingpeoplebyexternalappearanceissuperficialandoftenunfair.Afterall,youdon'tknowwhatcircumstancesthepersonmightbefacingorwhothepersonreallyis.Perhapsthepersoncomesfromalessfortunatefamilythanyouandcannotaffordthekindofstylishclothesyourfriendswear.However,thatdoesnotmeanthepersonislessintelligentorinterestingthanyouare.Peopleshouldnotbenaiveaboutnewpeopletheymeet,butshouldtaketimetogettoknowthem.Externalappearanceoftendoesnottellusanythingaboutaperson.Judgingsomeonebytheirappearanceismisleading,reinforcesstereotypes,andislimiting.Doingsocouldpreventyoufrommakingatruefriend.63ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Apersonshouldnevermakeanimportantdecisionalone.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Apersonshouldnevermakeanimportantdecisionalone.Importantdecisionsshouldbewellthoughtout.Peoplewhoknowyouwell,knowwhatisbestforyou.Peopleclosetoyoucangiveyougoodadvice,giveyouadifferentperspective,orsharetheirownexperience.WhenIhaddifficultydecidingwhichclassestotakeincollege,Italkedtomyteachersandadvisors.Theyhadtheknowledgeandexpertisetohelpmedeterminewhichclasseswerethebestonestotakeformyfuturecareer.Withouttheiradvice,Imighthavechosenunsuitablecourses.Incollege,IhadconvincedmyselfthatIwasnotgoodenoughtoactintheschoolplay.Therefore,Idecidenottoauditioneventhoughdramabadalwaysbeenmypassion.Thedayoftheauditions,afriendofmineaskedmewhyIwasn'tauditioning.WhenItoldherIdidn'tfeelIwasgoodenough,shewasshocked.Shewasabletoprovidemewithanotherperspectiveonmyselfandmytalents.Irethoughtmydecisionandtriedout...andgotaleadintheplay.LastyearwhenIwastryingtodecidewhetherornotIshouldstudyoverseas,Italkedtomyfriend.ThiswasthebestthingIcouldhavedone.ThiswasabigdecisionformebecauseIhadneverbeenoverseasonmyownandIwasn'tsureIcoulddoit.Shehadstudiedoverseasthepreviousyear.ShetoldmeaboutthechallengesandopportunitiesImightencounterandhelpedmemaketherightdecision.Iwentanditwasamazing!WheneverIamfacedwithanimportantdecision,IseekadvicefromotherssothatIamwell-informedandhavethebenefitoftheirperspectiveandexperience.64Acompanyisgoingtogivesomemoneyeithertosupporttheartsortoprotecttheenvironment.Whichdoyouthinkthecompanyshouldchoose?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Decidingbetweensupportingtheartsandprotectingtheenvironmentisadifficultchoicetomake,butIthinkIwouldchooseprotectingtheenvironment.Artshelptomaintainourcultureandserveasasourceofentertainment.However,weneedahealthyenvironmentinordertosurvivesowemustprotectit.Weneedtoprotecttheenvironmentnowtohelppreventhealthproblems,tomaintaintheecosystem,andtopreservetheEarthforourchildren.Pollutionfromfactoriesandcarscancausedamagetotheenvironment.Moreover,pollutioncauseshealthproblemsparticularlyforchildrenandtheelderlywhohaveweakerimmunesystems.Weneedtoensurethattherearecontrolsontheamountofpollutionwhenpossiblesoastopreventhealthproblemscausedbybreathingdirtyair.Wealsoneedtopayattentiontotheecosystem.Trees,plantlife,andpeoplealldependoneachother.Anunhealthyenvironmentcanhaveharmfuleffectsontheecosystem.Forexample,ifaplantdiesbecauseofchangestotheenvironmentandthatplantisfoodforaanimal,thatanimalwon'thaveanyfood.Ifhumansusethatanimalasafoodsource,therecouldbebigproblems.Ifwedonotrespectourenvironmentnow,itwillcontinuetogetworseandourchildrenwillsuffertheconsequences.Theywouldnothavethesamequalityofairtobreatheornaturalbeautytoadmire.Thatwouldbesad.Withoutcleanairtobreathe,ahealthyecosystem,andafutureforourchildren,thehumanracewouldnotsurvive.That'swhyprotectingourenvironmentisimportant.Ifwehaveahealthyenvironment,wehavehealthychildrenwhowillbeabletoparticipateandappreciatethearts.65PRSomemoviesareseriousdesignedtomaketheaudiencethink.Othermoviesaredesignedprimarilytoamuseandentertain.Whichtypeofmoviedoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Movieshavethepowertomakeyoulaugh,cry,orthinkaboutanissuethatyoumightnototherwisethinkabout.AlthoughIsometimewatchmoviesthatareseriousinnature,Iprefermoviesthatamuseandentertain.WhenIseeanamusingmovieitmakesmerelax,laugh,andkeepsmeingoodspirits.Afteralongdayatschoolandwork,Ineedabreakandsomethingtotakemymindoffofthetroublesoftheday.Icandothatwithanentertainingmovie.WhenIwatchanamusingmovie,Idon’thavetothink.Ijustwanttositbackandrelax.Afteramovie,Ithenfeelreadytogetbacktoworkonmystudies.Amusingmoviesmakepeoplelaugh.Laughingisimportantforthesoul.Laughingnotonlymakespeoplefeelgood,butalsoconnectspeople.Whenpeoplelaughtogether,theybecomefriends.Afterwatchinganentertainingmovie,whichrelaxesmeandmakesmelaugh,Ifeelgood.WhenIfeelgoodIcanfocusmoreonotherimportantthingslikemystudiesandwork.Beingingoodspiritsmakesmefeelbetteraboutmyselfandgivesmeapositiveoutlookonlife.

17WhileIcanappreciateseriousmoviesthatmakeyouthink,Iprefertobeamusedandentertainedafteralongdayofwork.Suchmoviesallowmetotakeabreakfromtherigorsoflifebymakingmelaughandputtingmeinagoodmood.66ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Businessshoulddoanythingtheycantomakeaprofit.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourposition.AfterIgetmydegree,Iplantostartabusiness.Mygoalistomakemoney,alotofmoney.However,Ican’tforgetthattherearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanearningaprofit.ImustconsiderthepeopleIworkwith,thecustomersIserve,andthecommunityIlivein.Mycolleaguesareaveryimportantpartofmybusiness.Withoutthem,Iwouldnothaveabusiness.Idependonthemtohelpmecarryontheday-to-dayoperations.Idependonthemfortheiradviceonwhattosellandhowtosellit.Imustcompensatethemfortheirwork.Ican’ttakelargeprofitswithoutsharingwiththepeoplewhomadeitresponsible.Similarly,Iwouldnothaveabusinesswithoutmycustomers.Icanneverforgetthattheycouldtaketheirbusinesselsewhere.Imustgivethemgoodvaluefortheirmoney.Ican’toverchargethem.Imustalsorememberthatmoneyisasimportanttothemasitistome.Iwantmycustomerstotrustmeandkeepcomingback.MyemployeesandIallliveinthesamecommunityasourcustomers.Weareapartofthesociallifeofourcommunity.Wecan’tignoreit.Wemustplayanactivepartinit.Ifeelitisimportantthatsomeoftheprofitsmybusinessearnsfromthecommunitybereturnedtothecommunity.Weneedtosupportcommunityprogramslikesummerjobsforhighschoolstudents,campaignstocleanuptheparks,andeffortstomaketheshoppingareamoreattractive.Abusinessmustmakeprofits,butweall—workers,customers,community—mustprofitfromasuccessfulbusiness.67PRSomepeoplearealwaysinhurrytogoplacesandgetthingsdone.Otherpeopleprefertotaketheirtimeandlivelifeataslowerpace.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Lifeisshort.Hastemakeswaste.What’syourhurry?ThesethreesayingscharacterizethewayImanagemydaytodaychores.Idon’twanttorushthroughthings;Iprefertotakemytime.Lifeisshort.Youneverknowwhatmayhappentomorrowsoitisimportanttoenjoytoday.Ofcourse,somepeoplewillsaythat’swhyitisimportanttocramalotintoaday.Butthen,howwouldyoupossiblyhavetimetoenjoyallofthoseexperiences.Bydoingafewthingsslowlyanddoingthemwell,youcansavortheexperience.Hastemakeswaste.Wearenotmachines.Wecan’trushthroughthingsmechanically.Ifwedo,wemightforgetsomething;wemighttakeshortcuts.Bytakingourtime,wecandoachorecarefully,completely,andcorrectly.What’syourhurry?Where’sthefire?Idon’tseeanyneedtorushtothenextexperience.There’sstillalottoseeandlearnformthechoresaroundyou.Takingcareofyourbabybrotherforinstancecanbeveryrewarding.Youcouldhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第3／11页）2009-1-21上午02:57:22simplykeephimnearyouwhileyouwatchTVandwritealetterandtalkonthephone.Oryoucoulddevoteyourwholeattentiontohimandobservehisreactionstohisenvironment.Youcanobservecarefully,Ifyouaretryingtodofourthingsatthesametime.Totwistacommonsaying,“Don’tjustdosomething,sitthere!”Takelifeeasyandsavoreachminute.Lifeisshorterthanyouthink.68PRSomepeoplethinkgovernmentsshouldspendasmuchmoneyaspossibleexploringouterspace(forexample,travelingtotheMoonandtootherplanets).OtherpeopledisagreeandthinkgovernmentsshouldspendthismoneyforourbasicneedsonEarth.Whichofthesetwoopinionsdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Whenweseephotographsofstarvingchildren,it’shardtosaythatweshouldspendbillionsofdollarsonspaceexploration.Butthat’sjustwhatweshoulddo.Childrendon’tneedtobestarving,butwedoneedtoexplorespace.Rightnow,wehaveenoughmoneytofeedeverypersononEarth.Childrenarestarvingbecauseofmismanagementofresourcesandsimplehumangreed.Thoseareproblemswecansolverighthereonearth.Thatshouldn’tstopourneedtofindoutwhat’sbeyondourownsolarsystem.Wemaynevermakecontactwithwhateverotherspeciestheremaybeoutthereinspace.Evenso,therearestilltwoverypracticalandpositiveconsequencesofspaceexploration.Oneisacertaintyandtheotherisapossibility.Thecertaintyismedicalresearch.Yes,wecanconductresearchhereonearth.Butmuchoftheresearchdoneinspace,forexample,ontheeffectsofgravityonbonemarrow,ismakingadifferenceinmedicinehereonEarth.Whenwedoresearchinspace,wealsolearnmoreaboutspaceexploration.Also,manyoftheinventionsthatweredevelopedforspacetravelhavebeenadaptedtogooduseonEarth.Thepossibleconsequenceofspaceexplorationisfindinganotherplanethumanbeingscancolonize.Overpopulationisahugeproblemonourplanet.Peoplearelivinglonger,morehealthfullives,andthat’sagoodthing.Butitmeanstherearefewerpeopledyingandmorepeoplebeingborn.Eventuallywe’llhavelessspace,fewerresources,andmajordistributionproblems.Ifwecanfindanotherplanettoliveon,wecanrelievetheproblemsofoverpopulationonourplanet.It’satragedythattherearehumanbeingssufferingonEarth.However,ifwewaituntileveryonehasaperfectlife,wewillneverexplorespace—andthat,too,wouldbeakindoftragedy.69EXPeoplehavedifferentwaysofescapingthestressanddifficultiesofmodernlife.Someread;someexercise;othersworkintheirgardens.Whatdoyouthinkarethebestwaysofreducingstress?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Stressisoneofourbiggestenemies.Itaffectsourhealth,ourpersonality,andourrelationshipswithothers.Inordertogetridofstress.Ifirsthavetoidentifythecause.Ihavedifferentantidotestostressdependingonthecause.ThemostcommontypesofstressIfacearewithwork,withfriends,andwithmyself.

18Work-relatedstressistheeasiesttocombat.Isimplystopworkingforawhile.IfIfindmyselfpickingupthesamepieceofpaperfourtimesadayandneverdoinganythingwithit,Iblamestress.Thebestthingtodoistodosomethingelse.Sometimes,Igetupfrommydeskandgodownthehalltotalktomycolleagues,butIdon’ttalkaboutworkrelatedsubjects.Othertimes,Iwilltakeashortwalkaroundtheblockandgetsomefreshair.Work-relatedstresscanbecuredbygettingawayfromthework.Stresscausedbyfriendsismoredifficulttocure.Oftenthecauseismorecomplicated.Myfriendscouldhaveapersonalhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第4／11页）2009-1-21上午02:57:22problemthatcausesthemandmebothanxiety.Ormyfriendscouldbeangryatmeorviceversa.Here,thecureforstressistalkingabouttheproblemandbeingwithmyfriends.Unlikework,youcan’twalkawayfromyourfriends.StressIcausemyselfisalsonotsoeasytogetridof.IfIfeelbotheredbyanexamoranxiousaboutthefuture,thereisverylittleformetodo.IjusthavetotellmyselfthatIcanonlydomybestandleavetherestuptofate.Itisimportanttotrytoleadastress-freelife.Ifyoucanavoidstressbywalkingawayformit(likeatwork),talkingthroughit(likewithyourfriends)orfacingitheadon(likewithyourself),yourhealth,personalityandrelationshipswillbenefit.70ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Teachersshouldbepaidaccordingtohowmuchtheirstudentslearn.Givespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Somecommunitieshavedecidedtobaseevaluationsofteachersonstudents’testscores.It’stheseevaluationsthatdeterminehowmuchteacherswillbepaid.Idon’tthinkthisisaverygoodideaforseveralreasons.Firstofall,ifteachers’salariesaregoingtobebasedonhowmuchstudentslearn,thensometeacherswillstarttoteachtheirstudentsonlywhattheyneedtogethightestscores.Thismeansthatstudentswillmissoutonalotofeducationthatcan’tbemeasuredonatest.Forinstance,oneofthebestmethodstohelpstudentsunderstandasubjectisencouragingthemtodiscussit.Acommonpracticeistodividetheclassintogroups,haveeachgroupdiscussthesubject,andthenhavethemreportbacktothewholeclass.Thiskindofsharedlearningcanleadtoafullerunderstanding.Italsoteachesstudentshowtodiscussanddebateideas.However,itdoesn’tsupplyfactstoshowoffonatest.Anotherproblemwithbasingteachers’salariesonhowmuchtheirstudentslearnisthatteachersmayignorestudentswhohavelearningdifficulties.Somestudentslearnmoreslowlythanothersandneedmorepersonalattention.Ifateacherisworriedabouttests,hemayfeelhehastopushthemajorityofthestudentstocramfacts.Thateffortwilltakeallhistime.Hewon’tbeabletohelpthelessablestudents.It’struethereareteacherswho“burnout”aftermanyyearsteachingandjustdon’tcarehowmuchtheirstudentslearn.Basingtheirsalariesontheirstudents’testscoresmayimprovetheirefforts.However,it’snotfairforthemajorityofteachers.Theydeserveandneedtobejudgedbyothercriteria.71MAIfyouwereaskedtosendonethingrepresentingyourcountrytoaninternationalexhibition,whatwouldyouchoose?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.IfIwereaskedtosendonethingrepresentingmycountrytoaninternationalexhibition.I’dsendsomethingunexpected:oneweek’sworthoftelevisionprogramming.Theseprogramswouldbestrepresentmycounty.Theyshowhowthecitizensofmycountryliveandwhattheythinkandfeel.Thedramasontelevisionareveryrealistic.Theyshowhowpeopleindifferentpartsofthecountrygoabouttheirdailylives.Theyshowhowtheyearntheirlivings,howtheydealwithcrime,andhowtheyinteractwitheachother.Thedramasalsoshowhowpeopleinvariouseconomicgroupsdress,whatkindsofhousestheylivein,andwhatkindsofeducationtheirchildrenreceive.Thecomediesindicatewhatpeopleinmycountrythinkisfunny.Eventhoughthesituationsareexaggerated,theyreflecthowmyculturedealswithverybasichumansituations.Peopleeverywhereunderstandfallinginlove,raisingafamily,andearningaliving.Thedocumentariesshowwhatissueswe’reconcernedaboutandhowwewanttoresolvethem.Somedocumentarieshttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第5／11页）2009-1-21上午02:57:22tellstoriesfromourhistory.Otherslookintothefuture.Theyspeculateonhowwe’llfunctionasacountryinthenewmillennium.Stillothersexamineourpoliticalsystem,itsfailuresanditssuccesses.Thesportsprogramsshowwhatwethinkaboutwinningandlosing.Theydemonstratehowwefeelaboutfairness.Someofthewealthiestpeopleinourcountryaretheathleteswewatchplayingprofessionalsports.This,also,isareflectionofourvalues.Televisionisacommonculturalexperienceinmycountry.Itreflectsmycountry’suniquepersonality.Ithinkitwouldbetheperfectwaytoshowwhatmycounty

19islike.72PRYouhavebeentoldthatdormitoryroomsatyouruniversitymustbesharedbytwostudents.Wouldyouratherhavetheuniversityassignastudenttosharearoomwithyou,orwouldyouratherchooseyourownroommate?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouranswer.I’dratherhavetheuniversityassignaroommatetosharearoomwithme.AsfarasI’mconcerned,thisispartoftheuniversityexperience.Studentsshouldmeetnewpeopleandbeopentonewexperiences.Ilikeleavingthisuptochance.Actually,eventhoughtheuniversitywillchoose,it’snottotallyamatterofchance.Weallfilledoutinformationsheets.Theschoolknowswhatwe’remajoringin,whatourinterestsare,andourstudyhabitsandourgoals.Ithinkthey’reprobablyverygoodatmatchingroommatesusingthisinformation.They’vehadalotofpractice.Besides,ifamistakeismade,Icanchangemyroomassignmentnextsemester.IfIdidwanttochoosemyownroommate,I’dfirstpicksomecandidatesfromthelistsuppliedbytheuniversity.ThenI’dwritetothemandthey’dwriteback.Throughourletters,we’dfindoutifwesharedcommoninterests,suchassportsormovies.Moreimportantly,we’dfindoutifwelikedoingthesamethingsinourfreetime.Becausemyinvestigation,I’dprobablygetsomeonecompatiblewithme.It’salotofworktogothrough,though.Besides,theprocessoffindingsimilarinterestsisn’tallthatdifferentfromwhattheuniversitydoes.TryingtopredictwhomI’mgoingtogetalongwithisnotascience.Imightchoosesomeonewhosoundsjustlikemeandstillfindthatthetwoofusjustdon’tgetalongasroommates.Besides,Ithinkitwouldbeboringtoroomwithsomebodywho’sjustthesameasme.I’dratherbewithsomeonewhohasdifferentinterestsandlikestododifferentthings.MaybeI’devengetaroommatefromanotherculture.Afterall,oneofthereasonsI’mgoingtotheuniversityistobeexposedtoalotofnewexperiences.So,I’dratherhavetheuniversitychoosemyroommateforme.73PRSomepeoplethinkthatgovernmentsshouldspendasmuchmoneyaspossibleondevelopingorbuyingcomputertechnology.Otherpeopledisagreeandthinkthatthismoneyshouldbespentonmorebasicneeds.Whichoneoftheseopinionsdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Irealizethatit’simportanttostayuptodatewithourtechnology.Somuch,likeourspaceanddefenseprograms,dependsonit.I’vealsoreadthatweshouldn’tletothergovernmentsgetaheadofoursintheraceforbettertechnology.Thiscouldeventuallyputusatadisadvantageandourwholeeconomycouldsuffer.Despiteallthis,Ithinkourgovernmentshouldspendourtaxdollarsonmorebasicitemsbeforeitgetsintothebusinessofdevelopingcomputertechnology.Wehavesomanyproblemsinoursociety,anditseemseverysolutionneedsmoney.Forinstance,wetalkaboutgettingpeopleoffwelfare.Todothatweneedmoneytogivethemjobsuntiltheycansupportthemselves.Thatmeanssupporttraining,daycarefortheirchildren,andprobablyamonthlyrentsubsidy.Allofthosethingscancosthundredsofmillionsofdollars.However,ifwecouldsolveamajorproblemlike,wouldn’titimproveoursocietyevenmorethannewhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第6／11页）2009-1-21上午02:57:22technology?Anotherproblemisthatourtransportationsystemisfallingapart.Bridgeshavecracksinthem.Highwaysbuckle.Accidentshappenbecauseoftheseproblems.Weshouldn’tputmoneyintoimprovingacomputerchipwhenwehavebasicneedslikethese.Besides,Whyshouldthegovernmentbeinthebusinessofdevelopingtechnology?Aren’tthereseveralverysuccessfulcorporationsdoingjustthat?Yes,it’sprobablylesstheexpensiveinthelongrunforthegovernmenttodevelopthetechnology.Nevertheless,intheshortrun,therearebasicneedsinoursocietythataren’tbeingmet.Ithinkthat’swherethemoneyshouldgo.74PRSomepeoplelikedoingworkbyhand.Otherspreferusingmachines.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Here’stheproblem.I’msloppy.That’swhyIliketousemachinestodomyworkratherthandothingsbyhand.Machinescanbecreative,precise,andefficient.Mostpeoplethinkthatyoucanonlybecreativeifyoudothingsbyhand.However,ittakescreativitytosetthemachineup.Onceit’ssetup,itcanrepeatthesametaskoverandoverandoverperfectly.Ifyouwanttowritetenletters,youcansetupyourwordprocessortodoit,pressabutton,andtenletterswillbeprinted.Itwouldtakemeforeverbyhand,andIwouldmakealotofmistakes.Byhand,eachletterwouldbedifferent.Bymachine,eachoneisperfect.Machinesareveryprecise.Theydon’tgettiredandcutthewrongway.Theydon’tgetdistractedanddropsomemustardonthepaper.AsIsaid,I’msloppy,butlikeneatness.That’swhyIprefertousemachines.Machinesarealsomoreefficient.I’mtootiredtopickupthephoneandseewhoiscallingme.Myansweringmachineisn’ttired.It’salwaysonduty.Itdoesn’tgettired,upset,ormoody.

20Icandependonmymachines,butIcan’talwaysdependonmyhandtobecreative,precise,orefficient.75ADSchoolsshouldaskstudentstoevaluatetheirteachers.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ithinkit’sagoodideaforschoolstoaskstudentstoevaluatetheirteachers.Thisinformsteachersofhowstudentsreactbothtotheirteachingmethodsandtothemasindividuals.Teacherscanweighthecriticismsandchangewhattheythinkneedstobechanged.Praisefromstudentsisalsovaluable.Itcanreinforceteachers’opinionsabouthowthey’reteachingandgivethemconfidence.It’salsohelpfulforschooladministratorstohearwhatstudentsthinkabouttheirteachers.Itkeepsadministratorsintouchwithwhat’sgoingonintheschool.Italsogivesthemsomeideaofwhichteacherseffectivelyreachthestudents.However,goodadministratorsknowthatstudentevaluationsneedtobereviewedwithakeeneyeforprejudiceandadolescentattitudes.Afterall,andevaluationisagoodwayforstudentstogetbackatteacherswhoexpectmoreofthemthantheywanttogive.Evaluatingteachersisalsoagoodexerciseforthestudents.Theyhavetoorganizetheirthoughtsaboutwhattheythinkoftheirteachers.Inthatway,theypinpointforthemselveswhattheyexpectofthoseteachers.Theybegintounderstandwhattheyvalueinateacherandwhatisphonyoruseless.Evaluatingtheirteachersisalsoawayforstudentstothinkabouthowtheywouldevaluatethemselves.Aretheyworkingashardastheyshouldinclass?Isthatwhytheirteachersaresometimescriticaloftheirwork?Isn’tthatwhatateachershoulddo—pushustotryharder?Thinkingaboutthesethingscanhelpstudentsdobetterinclass.Attheveryleast,theywillunderstandbetterwhatisexpectedofthem.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第7／11页）2009-1-21上午02:57:22Studentevaluationsofteachersalsomakestudentsfeelasiftheyhaveavoiceinwhathappensintheirschools.Itmakesthemfeelasifthey’repartoftheeducationprocesswhentheiropinionisvaluedbytheadministration.Finally,itteachesthemresponsibility.76EXInyouropinion,whatisthemostimportantcharacteristic(forexample,honesty,intelligence,asenseofhumor)thatapersoncanhavetosuccessfulinlife?Usespecificreasonsandexamplesfromyourexperiencetoexplainyouranswer.Whenyouwriteyouranswer,youarenotlimitedtotheexampleslistedintheprompt.Althoughhonesty,intelligence,andasenseofhumorareallworthwhilecharacteristics,Ifeelthemostimportantoneinlifetohaveissensitivity.Asensitivepersonisawareofhim/herselfandthewaytheiractionsaffectothers.Asensitivepersonknowstheplaceofhonesty,intelligence,andasenseofhumor.Honestyisnotalwaysthebestpolicy.Thereissuchathingasawhitelie.Youdon’twanttoinsultsomeonebysayingthattheirnewdressdoesn’tfitproperlyorthatyouwouldn’tliveintheirnewhouseiftheypaidyou.Youmustbesensitivetowhenitisnecessarytotellthetruthandwhenitisbettertotellawhitelie.Intelligenceisawonderfulthingtohave,butnotallintelligentpeopleusetheirintelligencesensitively.Youdon’twanttoshowoffandmakeothersfeelstupid.Youmustbesensitivetothereactionsofthepeoplearoundyou.Itmightbeappropriateforyoutoadmitthatyouhavetherightanswer,butinsomecases,youmighthavetosay,“Ithinkthisistheanswer,butwemightwanttocheckit.”Asensitivepersonwouldnotmakesomeoneelselookdumb.Asenseofhumorisalwaysvalued.Differentpeople,however,laughatdifferentthings.Youdon’twanttomakesomeonefeeluncomfortablebylaughingathis/hermistakes.Asensitivepersonwouldunderstandwhetherapersoncouldbeteasedorwhetherapersonwouldappreciateacertainjoke.Asensitivepersonwouldmakeeveryonefeelcomfortable.Asensitivepersonunderstandsthatpeoplearedifferentandthatthevaluesofhonesty,intelligenceandhumorcanbeapplieddifferently.77PRItisgenerallyagreedthatsocietybenefitsfromtheworkofitsmembers.Comparethecontributionsofartiststosocietywiththecontributionsofscientiststosociety.Whichtypeofcontributiondoyouthinkisvaluedmorebyyoursociety?Givespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.Artistsandscientistsbothmakevaluablecontributionstooursociety.Itmayseemsometimesthatartistsaremorevalued.That’sbecausethoseartistswhoarefamousmakealotofmoney.However,theyarerelativelyfew.Thefactisthatscientistsaremorevalued.Theygetmorerespectfromsocietyfortheworktheydo.Artistsreflecttheirtimesandtheirculture.Apainterorawritershowsusinpicturesandwordswhatwe’relikeasapeople.Theyrecordourcultureforfuturegenerations.Actorsandotherperformers,likesingersanddancers,entertainus.Theytakeourmindsoffourtroubles,andremindushowbeautifulandexcitingourimaginationscanbe.Artistsalsohelpkeeptheirsocietiesmentallyandemotionallyhealthy.Forexample,childrenthatparticipateinthearts,suchaspaintingormusic,inschooldobetterintheirotherstudies.Artofalltypesisnecessarytothehumanspirit.Thecontributionsscientistsmaketosocietyaremoreobvious.Theyincludethecarswedrive,thecomputersweuseathomeandatwork,andtheappliancesthathelpuscookourmealsandcleanourhouses.Allofthesecomefromtheideasandhardworkofscientists.Becauseofscientificdiscoveries,we’relivinglongerandmorehealthfullives.Scientistsalsocontributetothearts.Moviesaretheresultofscience.Soaretelevision,radio,andtherecordingofmusiconCDs.Generally,scientistsdon’tmakeasmuchmoneyasfamousartistslikefilmstars,operasingersorsuccessfulpainters.However,oursocietygivesthemmorerespect,andtheygenerallymakeagoodliving.Scientistsareconsideredtobehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第8／11页）2009-1-21上午02:57:22seriousprofessionals,whileartistsaresometimesviewedasflaky,irresponsiblepeople.Sooverall,I’dhavetoconcludethatwevaluescientistsmore.78PRStudentsatuniversitiesoftenhaveachoiceofplacestolive.Theymaychoosetoliveinuniversitydormitories,ortheymaychoosetoliveapartmentsinthe

21community.Comparetheadvantagesoflivinginuniversityhousingwiththeadvantagesoflivinginanapartmentinthecommunity.Wherewouldyouprefertolive?Givereasonsforyourpreference.Ithinkit’sbetterforcollegestudentstoliveon-campustheirfirsttwoyears,andthenmoveintoanapartmentoff-campuslife,whilejuniorsandseniorsneedtheindependenceofoff-campuslife.Students’needschangeoverfouryears,sotheirhousingshouldtoo.Livingon-campusmakesiteasiertogetorientedtothewaythingsaredone.Yougetthewholeuniversityexperience.Plus,youinteractmorewithotherstudents.Thisincludesnotonlyyourroommates,buteveryoneinyourdormitory.Theolderstudentsinthedormitorycanbeabighelpforthenewstudents.Keepingupwithstudiesyourfirstyearishardenough.Youshouldn’thavetoworryaboutfindingyourwayaroundandfiguringouttheuniversitybureaucracy.Livinginthedormitoryalsomakesastudentfeelmoreapartoftheuniversitycommunity.Therearemoreopportunitiesforbecominginvolvedinuniversityactivitiesandnetworkingwithstudentsanduniversityadministration.Livingoff-campus,however,isadefiniteadvantageforolderstudents.Findinganapartment,dealingwithleasesandthelandlord’sregulations,cookingmeals,andfiguringoutbudgetsareallgoodpracticeforlifeaftergraduation.Thiskindofindependencehelpsolderstudentsgrowinadulthood.Off-campushousingalsogivesstudentsabetterperspectiveonwhat’sgoingonaroundthem.Campusescanbelikelittleworldsoftheirown.Therearefewchildrenorolderpeopleandeveryoneisfocusedoneducation.Gettingtoknowneighborswhoaren’tstudentsisgoodforstudentscomingfromdifferentplaces.It’sachancetofindoutwhatotherpeoplethinkandfeel.Ithinkacombinationoftwoyearson-campusandtwoyearsoff-campusisawinningcombinationformoststudents.79PRYouneedtotravelfromyourhometoaplace40miles(64kilometers)away.Comparethedifferentkindsoftransportationyoucoulduse.Tellwhichmethodoftravelyouwouldchoose.Givespecificreasonsforyourchoice.ChoosingtheBestTransportationTherearemanydifferenttypesoftransportationwhichIcouldusetotravel40milesfrommyhome.ThetypeoftransportationIwouldchoosedependsmainlyonhowfastIneedtogetthereandhowmuchmoneyIhave.Somepossibilitiesarewalking,horsebackriding,driving,orusingataxi,bus,ortrain.Themosteconomicalchoiceiswalking.Itcostsnothing,ishealthful,butitistimeconsuming.Theaveragepersoncanwalkabout4-5milesperhour,sothistripwouldtakeatleast10hourstocomplete.ThatmeansIwouldprobablyhavetospendthenightsomewherealongtheway.IfIhavetospendmoneyforahotel,thenthischoicereallyisn’tfree.Plus,Imightarriveattheendtiredandwithsorefeet!Afterwalkingcomesanimaltransportation.Inmyarea,horsesarenotcommon,soitwouldn’tbealikelychoice.Ibelievethata40-miletripwouldtake2or3hoursonahorse.IfIhadfreeaccesstoahorse,thecostwouldbeminimal.Ofcourse,I’dhavetoknowhowtoride!Withacar,thetraveltimeisminimal(underonehour),withonlythecostofgasolinetoconsider.However,Idon’townacar,andcarrentalsareexpensive.Sharedtaxisareoneformofaffordabletransportation,with4or5peoplesharingthecostofacartriptoacommondestination.Theonlydownsideisfindingpeopletosharethefarewithme.Fortunately,Iliveinanurbanarea,wheretherearebusesandtrainstoride.Oneofthesewouldbemyfirstchoice.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=39（第9／11页）2009-1-21上午02:57:22Inshort,thekindoftransportationdependsonhowfastIneedtogettomydestinationandhowmuchmoneyIhave.IfIneedtogettherefirst,andmoneyisn’timportant,Icanhireaprivatetaxi.SinceIdon’townmyowncar.Idon’thavethatoption,andIhaveneverwalked40milesinsonetrip.Iusuallydependonthebusandtrains,andwoulddosointhiscircumstance.Theyarecheap,dependableandreliable.80PRSomepeoplebelievethatacollegeoruniversityeducationshouldbeavailabletoallstudents.Othersbelievethathighereducationshouldbeavailableonlytogoodstudents.Discusstheseviews.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Explainwhy.Bothgoodandbadstudentsshouldhavetheopportunitytoattendcollege.Everyoneshouldhaveaperiodtolearnaboutthemselvesbeforetheybegintoworkandearnmoney.Aneducationisaninvestmentinyourselfandinyourfuture.Goodorbad,astudentmustdecidetoinvestrealmoneyandrealtime.Highereducationisveryexpensive.Itmightseemlikeawasteofmoneytosendsomeonetocollegewhomightnotbeabletohandlethecoursework.Still,educationisavaluableinvestmentinfuturecareerearnings.Peoplewithcollegedegreesmakemoremoneyandhavemoreopportunitieslater.Ifpeoplehaveadesiretoimprovetheirlives,dowehavetherighttosayno?Highereducationisalsoabiginvestmentoftime.Somepeoplethinkaweakstudentshouldgetajobandearnsomemoney.Theythinkpoorstudentsshouldn’twastetheirtimeatcollege.Butcollegeisatimetomeetdifferentpeople,separatefromyourparents,andbegintodefineyourselfasaperson.Ithinkthat’sanexperienceeverystudentshouldhave.Ithinkeverystudentshouldbegivenachancetoseehowfarshecango.Studentswhogotpoorgradesinhighschoolmightdoverywellinadifferentenvironment.Collegemaybeexpensiveandtaketime,butit’saninvestmentinone’sselfandone’sfuture.155篇大学应背英语课文（五）请输入关键字作者：本站来源：www.bfsunt.cn发布时间：2009-1-1717:12:57减小字体增大字体83PRSomepeopleprefertospendmostoftheirtimealone.Othersliketobewithfriendsofthetime.Doyouprefertospendyourtimealoneorwithfriends?Usespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.IfIhadtochoosebetweenspendingtimealoneorspendingtimewithmyfriends,I’dratherbealone.Ineedthistimealoneto“rechargemybatteries,”tore-energizemymindandspirit.Beingwithfriendscanbefunandcanhelpyougetthroughtheroughspotsinlife,butit’sthetimealone,Ithink,thatformsyouasaperson.WhenI’malone,Ihavetimetothinkaboutmygoalsandtodevelopastrategytoreachthem.Ofcourse,IcanthinkaboutthesethingswhenI’mwithothers,butit’shardertoconcentrateinacrowd.BeingalonegivesmethequiettimetoreallythinkaboutmylifeandwhatIwanttodowithit.Beingbymyselfisalsoagoodwaytolistentothesilenceandrelaxcompletely.WhenI’maloneIcanpracticemeditationandlowermystresslevel.That’saverygoodwaytosharpenmypowersofconcentration.Toomuchtimewithfriendsmeansfillingmymindwithalotofchitchats.That’senjoyableforamoment,butcandullmyconcentration.Beingwithotherpeoplecanalsodistortmyviewofthings.It’seasysometimestobecometooworriedaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofme,orwhatother

22peoplehavethatIdon’t.WhenI’maloneIhavetimetostepback.Icanseetherealvalueofthings,withoutbeinginfluencedbytheopinionsofmyfriends.It’snaturaltowanttobewithotherpeople,butIfindthetimeIspendaloneismorevaluabletomeinthelongrun.84PRSomepeopleprefertospendtimewithoneortwoclosefriends.Otherschoosetospendtimewithalargenumberoffriends.Comparetheadvantageofeachchoice.Whichofthesetwowaysofspendingtimedoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.Weallneedtohavefriends,andIthinkthemorefriendswehavethebetter.Friendshiphelpsuslearnhowtotrustothers,whattoexpectfromothers,andhowtoprofitfromexperiences.IwanttohavealotoffriendsaroundmesoIcanlearnmoreaboutmyselffromdifferentpeople.IwanttohavepeoplearoundmethatItrustandthatIcandependon.Weallneedfriends,bothintimesoftroubleandintimesofhappiness.IfIonlyhaveafewfriends,itispossiblethattheymightnotbeavailableifIneedthem.IfIhavealotoffriends,itismorelikelythattheywillbeabletosharemytroublesormygoodfortune.Iwanttohavepeoplearoundmethatsurpriseme.IfIhavejustoneortwofriends,Iknowwhattoexpectfromthem.Iknowhowtheywillreact.IfIhavealotoffriendsaroundme,Iwillalwaysbesurprised.Eachwillhaveadifferentwayofreactingtoasituation.ObservingthisreactionandrespondingtoitwillteachmehowtodealwithstrangerswhomImightmeet.Iwanttohavepeoplearoundmethatcanteachmesomethingaboutlife.IfIonlyhaveacoupleoffriends,Iwillknoweverythingaboutthemveryquickly.IfIhavehundredsoffriends,thinkwhatIwilllearn.Eachdaythey’llteachmesomethingnewandshowmeanewwayofthinkingaboutsomething.Ihavealottolearninlife,soIwantasmanypeopleaspossibletohelpme.Iwantalotoffriendstoshowmehowtohaveagoodtime.I’lldothesameforthem.85PRSomepeoplethinkthatchildrenshouldbegintheirformaleducationataveryearlyageandshouldspendmostoftheirtimeonschoolstudies.Othersbelievethatyoungchildrenshouldspendmostoftheirtimeplaying.Comparethesetwoviews.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Why?Shouldchildrenplaymoreorstudymore?Thequestioniswhatwillbebetterforthechild.Therearebenefitstobothactivities,buttheanswerdependsonthedetailsofthesituation.Therearemanythingsthatcouldaffecttheoutcomeoftheargument.Whatkindofaschoolisit?Itcouldbeaschoolwherechildrensitattheirdesksalldaylongmemorizingdatesandfacts.Oritcouldbeaschoolwheretheteacherhelpsthechildrenlearnwhattheywanttolearn.Ithinkthesecondkindisalotbetterforachildthanthefirstkind.Similarly,whatkindofplayarewetalkingabout?Thechildcouldbealonealldaylongwatchingtelevision,whichcouldmakehimorherboredandlonely.Orthechildcouldbeinvolvedingroupactivitieswithneighborhoodchildrenofthesameage,whichcouldhelphimorherlearnhowtogetalongwithothers.Ithinkbothstudyandplayarevaluable,soIwouldprefertosendmychildtoaschoolwherethereisacombination.Ithinkavarietyofactivitiesmakeslearningeasierforanyoneatanyage.86PRThegovernmenthasannouncedthatitplanstobuildanewuniversity.Somepeoplethinkthatyourcommunitywouldbeagoodplacetolocatetheuniversity.Comparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofestablishinganewuniversityinyourcommunity.Usespecificdetailsinyourdiscussion.Thefirstadvantageofhavinganewuniversitybuiltinmycommunitywouldbethejobsitwouldbringtothecommunity.Initially,thejobswouldbethoseconnectedwiththeactualbuildingoftheuniversitystructures,suchasbricklayersandcarpenters.Oncethebuildingwerecompleted,thejobswouldbethoseonthecampusitself.Thosewouldincludeteachers,officeworkers,custodians,andlibrarians.Notallofthepeopletheuniversityhiredwouldalreadybemembersofthecommunity,sothatwouldmeanalotofnewpeoplecomingtotown.Ofcourse,alotofstudentswouldcometoo.Twoadvantagesofnewpeopleintownwouldbemoretaxpayersandamorediversepopulation.Withmorepeoplepayingtaxes,therewouldbemoremoneyforschools,librariesandothercommunityneeds.Withamorediversepopulation,therewouldbenewstores,newrestaurants(toservedifferenttastes)andnewculturalinfluences.Ofcourse,therewouldalsobedisadvantages.Morepeoplelivinginthecommunitycouldmeanmorehousesbeingbuilt.Therewouldbemoretrafficonthestreets,withthecombinationofnewresidentsandstudentswhobringtheircars.Plus,morepeoplewouldmeanmorepublicserviceswouldbeneeded.Theseservicescouldincludeeverythingfromtrashcollectiontomoreschoolstoholdallthechildrenofthenewresidents.Newservicesmightmeanlocaltaxeswouldhavetogoup,eventhoughtherewouldbemoretaxpayers.Anotherdisadvantageisthatthepersonalityofourcommunitywouldchange.Itwouldgofrombeingaplacewhereeverybodyknowseverybodyelsetoaplacewherealotofpeoplearestrangers.Itwouldbecomeaplacewithalotofshort-term

23residents,liketheuniversitystudents,whomightnotcareasmuchaboutthetown.Communitiesalwayschangeovertime,though,andoverallIliketheatmosphereofa“collegetown.”Anewuniversitywouldbringalotofchallenges,butIthinkitwouldbeworthit.87PRSomepeoplethinkthatthefamilyisthemostimportantinfluenceonyoungadults.Otherpeoplethinkthatfriendsarethemostimportantinfluenceonyoungadults.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Useexamplestosupportyourposition.Althoughfriendsmakeanimpressiononyourlife,theydonothavethesameinfluencethatyourfamilyhas.Nothingisasimportanttomeasmyfamily.Fromthem,Ilearnedeverythingthatisimportant.Ilearnedabouttrust,ambition,andlove.Yourfamilyiswithyouforever.Theyarenotgoingtoleaveyoubecausetheyfindanotherdaughtertheylikebetter.Theyarenotgoingtoleaveyoubecausetheythinkyouaretoomuchtrouble.Afamilyispermanent,whilefriendscomeandgo.Yourparentsareyourrolemodels.Theywillencourageyoutodoyourbest,topushyourself,andtoimproveyourself.Friendswantyoutostaythesame:theydon’twantyoutobedifferent.Afamilyisambitiousforyou.Friendsarenot.Yourfamilyteachesyouaboutlove.Afamily’sloveisnotjudgmental.Theyloveyouforeverythingyouare.FriendsmayloveyoubecauseyouhaveanewcarorbecauseyougooutwiththemonSaturdays.Afamilylovesyou.Friendsonlylikeyou.Withoutmyfamily,Iwouldn’tknowwhattodo.Iwouldn’tfeelassecure.Imightnothavetheambitiontogotoschool.Iprobablywouldbeafraidtolove.Myfamilyismygreatestinfluence.88PRSomepeopleprefertoplanactivitiesfortheirfreetimeverycarefully.Otherschoosenottomakeanyplansatallfortheirfreetime.Comparethebenefitsofplanningfree-timeactivitieswiththebenefitsofnotmakingplans.Whichdoyouprefer-―planningornotplanningforyourleisuretime?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyourchoice.Ithinkthatfreetimeisapreciousthingformostofus.Whenwe’reworkinghard,it’snicetoimaginewhatwe’lldowhentheweekendcomes.Wejuggleoneideawithanother,tryingtodecidewhatbestsuitsourbudgetandtheamountoftimewehave.Afterall,anticipatingfreetimeispartofthepleasure.It’sgoodtoplanwhatwe’regoingtodowithourfreetime.Thatwaywewon’twasteanyofittryingtodecide.It’ssoeasytojustsitaroundandthinkaboutthisorthatactivity.Beforeweknowit,halfthedayisgone.Ifwedecideaheadoftime,Wecangetstartedinplentyoftime,andwecangetthemostbenefitoutofthetimewehave.Forinstance,ifwe’regoingonapicnic,wecangetalloursuppliesreadytogo.Orifwe’regoingtoamovie,wecanfindoutthetimeandhowlongit’lltakeustogetthere.Also,ifweplanwhatwe’regoingtodowithourfreetime,wecaninviteotherstojoinus.Ifwewaituntilthelastminute,ourfriendsmayhaveotherplans.Ontheotherhand,it’salsofunsometimestodothingswithoutaplan.Wecanjustleavethehouseandwalkaroundandseewhatcatchesourattention.Often,thisishowwediscoverplacesweneverknewexisted.Wemightendupdoingsomethingweneverthoughtwe’dtry.Wemightjusthappentofindourselvesoutsideanewbookstoreorabowlingalleyhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第3／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13andgoinonawhim,becausewehavesomefreetime.It’sniceifwecanhavethebestofbothworlds.Wecanplanourfreetimeactivitiesforonedayoftheweekend,andlettheotherdayplanitself.Thiswayourfreetimealsogivesustheenjoymentofhavingitbothways.89PRPeoplelearnindifferentways.Somepeoplelearnbydoingthings;otherpeoplelearnbyreadingaboutthings;otherslearnbylisteningtopeopletalkaboutthings.Whichofthesemethodsoflearningisbestforyou?Usespecificexamplestosupportyourchoice.Theeffectivenessofalearningmethodvariesfrompersontopersonandalsofromactivitytoactivity.Learningbydoing,learningbyreading,andlearningbylisteningallhavethetransferofinformationastheirgoal,buttheinformationistransferredinverydifferentwaysineachcase.Eachhasitsbenefits.Inmyownopinion,learningbydoingisthemethodthatworksbestforme.Learningbydoingworksbecauseitgivesalearnerfirst-handexperience.Othermethodsaremorepassive;you’reeitherlisteningtoaconversationortryingtopayattentiontowordsonapage.However,learningbydoingmeansactuallyparticipatingintheactivity.Canyouimaginelearninghowtoplayamusicalinstrumentformabook?Asthesayinggoes,practicemakesperfect.Frankly,Ican’tthinkofawaythatbetterensuresonehastrulylearnedthanbyseeinganddoing.Incontrast,readingmakeslearninglesseasytovisualize.Notonlythat,learningbyreadingoftenrequiresextraresearch,suchaslookingupunfamiliarwords.Also,youmightnotbeagoodreader,oryoumightbelearninginasecondlanguage.Ifso,youmightfindithardtoconcentrateorbecomefrustratedbytheslowpace.Sowhilereadingisfunandusefulformanypeople,forothersitmaynotbethebestway.Learningbylisteningcanbeenjoyable.Livelydebateisinteresting,andinterestingthingsareusuallyeasiertolearnabout.Plus,unlikereading,youcanaskquestionsifyoudon’tunderstand.However,aswithreading,itisalltooeasytobecomeapassivelistenerandnottrulylearnanything.Ifyougetbored,youmightevenfallasleepwhileyou’relistening!Whenyou’reactivelyparticipatinginsomething,you’remorelikelytostayalert.Overall,whenitcomestolearning.Ibelievethatnothingsubstitutesforthefirstbandexperiencethatphysicallydoinganactivityprovides.90PRSomepeoplechoosefriendswhoaredifferentformthemselves.Otherschoosefriendswhoaresimilartothemselves.

24Comparetheadvantagesofhavingfriendswhoaredifferentfromyouwiththeadvantagesofhavingfriendswhoaresimilartoyou.Whichkindoffrienddoyoupreferforyourself?Why?Therearealotofadvantagestohavingfriendswhoaredifferentfromyou.Foronething,they’llgiveyouadifferentwayoflookingattheworld,.Friendswhoaredifferentcanintroduceyoutofoods,music,politics,andbooksyou’venevertriedbefore.Ifyou’reaspontaneouskindofperson,someonewhoismorescheduledcanhelpyougetbetterorganized.You,ontheotherhand,canhelpthemloosenupalittlebit,anddothingsmoreonthespurofthemoment.Someonewhoisdifferentfromyouwon’thavethesamereactiontosituations.Thiscanbeabighelp.Ifyou’rethekindofpersonwhogetsveryimpatientwaitingforyourmealinarestaurant,ithelpstohavesomeonecalmwithyou.Yourfriendcanhelpyoukeepyourtemper.Ifyou’realittletimidaboutstandingupforyourself,amoreassertivefriendcanhelpyoudevelopalittlemoreself-respect.However,therecanalsobeadvantagestohavingfriendswhoaresimilartoyou.Youusuallyenjoydoingthesamethings,soyoudon’thavetoargueaboutwhatyouwanttodo.Sometimesit’sfunexperiencingnewthings.Othertimes,it’smorefundoingwhatyouknowyou’llenjoy.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第4／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13Allthingsconsidered,IthinkI’dliketohavealotofacquaintanceswhoaredifferentandafewclosefriendswhoaresimilartome.Thatseemsthebestofbothworlds.91PRSomepeopleenjoychange,andtheylookforwardtonewexperiences.Othersliketheirlivestostaythesame,andtheydonotchangetheirusualhabits.Comparethesetwoapproachestolife.Whichapproachdoyouprefer?Explainwhy.Therearethosewhopreferthingstostaythesame,whilethereareotherswhopreferchange.Mypersonalpreferenceistoestablisharoutineandsticktoit,thoughthishasnotalwaysbeentrueofme.WhenIwasyounger,Iwasn’tacreatureofhabit.Ienjoyedchange.WhensummerscameandIwasfreefromtheresponsibilitiesofschool,Iwouldtravel,takeoffwithfriendsatamoment’snotice,andmakedecisionsfromdaytoday.Inthisway,Ihadlotsofnewexperiences,metnewandinterestingpeople,andlearnedalotaboutlife.Thesedays,Ienjoystickingtoaroutine.ThisispartiallyduetothefactthatIamamotheroftwosmallchildren.IfindthattheirlivesarehappierifIdon’tupsettheirschedulestoomuch.Forexample,wegivethechildrenabatheverynightat8:00,putthemintheirpajamasreadthemstoriesandputthemtosleepby9:00.Therearetimeswhenthisisinconvenient,buteveryoneinthehouseholdishappierifwesticktoourroutine.Inaddition,ourfriendsknowwhentofindusathomeandwhenwearefree.Thismakesvisitingeasier.Inconclusion,thetypeofpersonIamhaschangedwiththecircumstancesofmylife.Theobligationsofmyfamilyforcemetohavearoutine.WhenIwasyoung,Ienjoyedthesuspenseandadventureoflivingacrazylife.Nowthestabilityofahouseholdroutinesuitsmebetter.Ithinkthatwhilemostpeopleneedaminimumamountofsecurity,thosewhodependonyouoftenmakeadifferenceinyourlifestyle.92ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplebehavedifferentlywhentheyweardifferentclothes.Doyouagreethatdifferentclothesinfluencethewaypeoplebehave?Usespecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.Peopledobehavedifferentlydependingonwhattheyarewearing.Thereasonisnotbecausetheyhavechanged,butbecausepeople’sreactionstothemhaschanged.Certainclothesareappropriateforcertainsituations.Amancanwearasuittoworkandawomancanwearsomethingprofessionallookinglikeaskirtandjacket.Wheneveryonedressesthesame,thereisnoproblem.Itislikeauniform.Imaginegoingtoalawofficetohirealawyer.Oneofthelawyersiswearingasuit;theotheriswearingjeans.Whichlawyerdoyouwanttohire?Similarly,amechanicworksoncarsalldayandwearsclothesthatcangetdirty.Itwouldbestrangetofindamechanicwearingacoatandtietorepairandengine.Peoplewilltreatyoudifferentlydependingonwhatyouarewearing.Itwilldependonhowwelltheyknowyouandwhereyouare.Ifyourclothesareunusualforthesituation,theymaytreatyouwithdisrespect.IrememberonceIhadanoldarmycoat.Iworeitintoafancycandyshoptobuysomechocolates.Thewomanwasverysuspiciousandalittleafraid.Icouldn’tunderstandherreactionsinceitwasstillmeunderneathmybig,olduglygreencoat.Iwasdressedlikeabumandthiscausedthesalespersontoreactnegativelytome.Consequently,Iwasevenmorepolitethanusual.ThisexperienceshowsmethatsometimesIdobehavedifferentlybecauseofwhatI’mwearing.Inthiscase,Ihadtobalancemyappearance.Still,thatdoesn’tmeanthatI’mrudeifIdressup.93ADDecisionscanbemadequickly,ortheycanbemadeaftercarefulthought.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Thedecisionsthatpeoplemakequicklyarealwayswrong.Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouropinion.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第5／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13Idisagreewiththestatementthatthedecisionspeoplemakequicklyarealwayswrong.However,Ithinkthosedecisionsprobablyturnouttobewrongmoreoftenthancarefullymadedecisionsdo.Usually,fastdecisionsarebasedonwhatwecallour“gutreactions,”orfeelingswehaveaboutasituation.Sometimesthesegutreactionsarebasedongoodsensebackedbyexperience,butsometimesthey’rebasedonnonsenseorpoorreasoning.Let’ssayyou’reatworkandthebosscallsyoutohisofficeandtellsyouthere’sabigprojectthatneedstobedone.Hethinksyou’rethebestpersonforthejob,butheneedsananswerfromyouonthespot.Hehasn’ttoldyouwhattheprojectis,butyoumakethequickdecisiontoaccept.Thisistherightquickdecision,becauseyou’rebasingitonalotoffactorsthatwilloccurtoyoulater.Oneisthatitwouldn’tmakesenseforthebosstoaskyoutodosomethinghedidn’tthinkyoucouldhandle.Thatwouldonlyhurthisbusiness.Plus,doingagoodjobonthisprojectmighthelpyourcareer.Yourealizeit’sgoodtoreachhigher,ifyouwanttogetahead.Butlet’ssayyou’reonadesertedhighwaylateatnightand

25yourcarbreaksdown.Alongcomesacardrivenbysomeonewhodoesn’tseemquiterighttoyou.Heoffersyouaridetothenearestgasstation.Youmakethequickdecisiontoaccepttheridebecauseit’slate,you’recoldandtiredandyoudon’twanttosittherewaitingforthehighwaypatroltoarrive.Thisisacasewhereaquickdecisionisawrongdecision.Youshouldn’ttradeyourpersonalsafetyforphysicalcomfort,andifyouthoughtaboutit,youwouldn’t.Howdoyouknowwhenit’sokaytomakeaquickdecision?Youhavetobeabletoguessatthepossiblebenefitsversusthepossibledangers.Ifit’sasmalldecisionlikewheretogotolunch,whocares?However,ifmywholefuturewereatstake,I’dwantasmuchtimeasIcouldgettothinkaboutit.94.Somepeopletrusttheirfirstimpressionsaboutaperson’scharacterbecausetheybelievethesejudgmentsaregenerallycorrect.Otherpeopledonotjudgeaperson’scharacterquicklybecausetheybelievefirstimpressionsareoftenwrong.Comparethesetwoattitudes.Whichattitudedoyouagreewith?Supportyourchoicewithspecificexamples.Anyopinionis,infact,ajudgment.IfeelthatasAmericanswewoulddowelltojudgeotherslessoften.Still,wemustbeabletodecidewhomtospendourtimewithandwhomwe’dratherforget.Inmyopinion,thistypeofjudgmentisbestafterwegettoknowotherpeople.Firstimpressionsarenotalwaysaccurateimpression.Judgingapersonbasedonafirstimpressiondoessavetime.Therearemorepeoplethananyonecouldpossiblygettoknowinonelifetime.Itisfrustratingtowastetimegettingtoknowsomeone,onlytofindoutthatyourfirstimpressionwascorrectandthatyoureallydon’tlikehimorher.Soisitawasteoftimegettingtoknowpeopleyourprobablywon’tlike?Thatseemstobeavalidpointofview,butIbelievethatitisnotthebestattitudetotake.It’smorehumanetospendtimegettingtoknowpeoplebeforejudgingthem.IknowthatIdon’talwaysmakeagoodfirstimpressionevenwhenItrulylikethepersonwithwhomIaminteracting.Weallhavebaddays,Iwouldn’twanttoloseajoborapotentialfriendshipsimplybecauseIpickedoutthewrongclothingorsaidsomethingwrong.Ithinkeveryonedeservesthechancesmakeasecondimpression.Ifweallbaseourfinalopinionofothersonfirstimpression,itwouldbehardtogettoknowanyone.Thereisalwaysmoretopeoplethanmeetstheeye.Ifwedon’tgivesomeoneachance,wemaybemissingoutonmeetingalife-longfriend.Thatwouldtrulybeshame.95.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleareneversatisfiedwithwhattheyhave;theyalwayswantsomethingmoreorsomethingdifferent.Usespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.Ithinkit’sprobablytruethatpeopleareneversatisfiedwithwhattheyhave.Theyalwayswantsomethingmoreorhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第6／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13somethingdifferentfromwhatistheirs.Thisjustseemstobepartofourhumannature.Lookatatoddler,Giveheratoytoplaywithandshe’happy—untilsheseessomethingelse.Thenshewantsthatothertoytoplaywith.Ifsheandherbrotherareeachgivenacookie,she’lllooktoseewhosecookieisbigger.She’llprotestloudlyifshethinksherbrotherisgettingmore.“Thegrassisalwaysgreener”isanoldexpression,butit’sagoodexpressionofhowmanyofusfeel.We’realwaysstrivingforabetterjob,anicerplacetolive,afanciercar,ormoreexpensiveclothes.Partofthisreachingformoreandbetterisbecausewecareaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkandwanttoimpressthem.Partofitistryingtomakeourselvesfeelsuccessful.Butthere’alsosomethinginournaturethattellsuswecandobetterandreachhigher.Thisisn’talwaysanegativequality.There’sanothersaying:”Aman’sreachshouldexcesshisgrasp.Orwhat’saheavenfor?”It’sagoodthingtobeconstantlypushingourselvesandlookingforsomethingdifferent.Ifwedon’ttryformoreanddifferentthings,webegintostagnate,likeapoolthatdoesn’tgetanyfreshwater.Theproblemcomeswhenwewon’tletourselvesbesatisfiedwithanythingwehave.Ifwehaveacomfortablelifeandstillfeelasifsomething‘smissing,thenweneedtolookinward.Thesomethingthat’smissingmaybeinourspirit.96ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldreadthosebooksthatareaboutrealevents,realpeople,andestablishedfacts.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouropinion.TheImportantofFictionHowcouldanyonesuggestthatpeopleshouldonlyreadaboutrealevents,realpeople,andestablishedfacts?Foronething,thatmeanspeoplewouldn’tbereadinghalfofallthegreatbooksthathaveeverbeenwritten,nottomentiontheplays,shortstoriesandpoetry.Foranother,itwouldmeanthatpeople’simaginationswouldnotdevelopaschildrenandwouldremaindulledthroughouttheirlives.Readingstoriesasachildhelpsdevelopourcreativitybyreachingusalotabouthowtousewordstocreatementalimages.Itopenourworldup,exposingustoothertimesanddifferentwaysofliving.Readinghistoriesofthosetimeswouldservekindofthesamepurpose,butitprobablywouldn’tstickinourmindsassharply.ReadinganessayaboutpovertyinVictorianEnglandisnotthesamethingasreadinginCharlesDicken’sOliverTwist.Theimagesofasmallboybeingsoldaremorehorrifyingthansimplyreadingthestatement,“childrenweresoldintolabor“becauseanovelmakesthatsmallboyseemrealtounderstandingfictionmakesamorelastingimpressiononourmindsandemotions.Besides,storytellingisanemotionalneedforhumanbeings.Fromearliesttimes,humanshavetaughttheirchildrenaboutlife,notbytellingthemfactsandfigures,butbytellingthemstories.Someofthesestoriesshowwhatpeoplearelike(humannature),andhelpusexperienceawiderangeoffeelings.Somemakeusthinkabouthowweshouldact.Tellinga

26childthatit’swrongtoliewillmakelittleimpression,buttellinghimthestoryofalittleboywhosegrowslongereverytimebetellaliewillmakeabigimpression.Fictionistooimportanttoourculture,ourminds,andouremotions.Howcouldweevergiveitup?97Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Itismoreimportantforstudentstostudyhistoryandliteraturethanitisforthemtostudyscienceandmathematics.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouropinion.Ithinkit’smoreimportantforstudentstostudyhistoryandliterature.thesesubjectshelpusunderstandthehumanraceandfeedourspiritsandourimaginations.That’smoreimportantthanunderstandinghowtosplittheatomordoalgebra.Peopletalkaboutacrisisofspiritinourcountry.Theymeanwe’veforgottenhowtobelieveinandunderstandourownbetternatures.Ithinkpartofthisisbecausewe’vebecometooexcitedaboutfactsandnotenoughaboutthingswecan’thttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第7／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13seeandmeasure.Readingbooksfromourownculturehelpsusunderstandourroots.Readingbooksfromothercultureshelpsusunderstandthewayotherpeoplethinkandreacttosituations.Italsoteachesusthatwe’renotsoverydifferentfromothers,andthatleadstobetterrelationsbetweencultures.Readingliteraturealsofeedsourspirits.Evenwhenthematerialwe’rereadingisaboutterriblesadnessandhardship,itstillbringsusintouchwithourinnerselves.Itmakesusthinkaboutissuesotherthannewcarwewanttodriveorhowmuchmoneywe’remaking.Studyinghistorygivesusmoreinformationthanjustwhodiedwhenorwhowonwhichwar.Ittellusabouthowhumanbeingshaverelatedtoeachotheratdifferentperiodsinourdevelopment.Itgivesusthebigpicture.Sooften,wheninternationalcrisesoccur,weonlyseetheproblemofthemoment.Wehavenoideahowsomethingthathappenedtwentyyearsagowasthebeginningofthiscurrentproblem.Withoutthatinformation,wecanhaveonlyashallowunderstandingof?goingonintheworld.Bothhistoryandliteraturearenecessarysubjectsforstudentstoprepareformorethanjustcareers.Thesesubjectspreparestudentsforthewaytheywanttolivetheirlives.98Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Allstudentsshouldberequiredtostudyartandmusicinsecondaryschool.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouropinion.Iagreethatallstudentsshouldberequiredtostudyartandmusicinhighschool.I’vereadthatyoungchildrenwhostudyartandmusicingradeschooldobetterintheirotherstudies.Thatargumentaside,weshouldstudyartandmusicforitssakealone.Weshouldstudyartandmusictolearnmoreaboutourselves,ourculture,andourworld.Bothartandmusicfeedstudents’imaginationsandhelpthemexpressthemselves.There’sareasonourancestorsincavesdrewonthewalksandmakemusicwithdrums.Wantingtoexpressourselvesisnatural.Itgivesusan?forouremotionsandfears.Itmaynotalwaysbemusicotherwanttohearorartotherswillappreciate,buttheactivityitselfisenjoyable.Itshouldn’tmatteriftheendofresultisn’tperfect.Intheprocess,welearnwhatwelikeanddislike.Studyingartandmusicmeansmorethandrawingorplayinganinstrument.Studentusuallygotoartgalleriesandconcerts,too.Bystudyingthepicturesonthemuseumswallsorbyreadingtheprogramnotesatarecital,studentswilllearnwhatsocietyhasdecidedisworthyofpraise.Theylearnwhatisimportantintheirownculture.Studentsmayalsolearnaboutotherculturesbylookingatartandlisteningtomusicfromothercountries.Whentheydothat,they‘llseesimilaritiesanddifferenceswiththeirown.They’lllearnaboutwhatisimportantinothersocieties.Studentwillalsolearnhowtheartandmusicofothersocieties.Studentswillalsolearnhowtheartandmusicofotherculturesaffectourown.Bystudyingartandmusicinhighschool,studentsbegintounderstandthemselvesaswellastheirowncultureandotherculture.Whatcouldhavemorevaluethanthat?99Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Thereisnothingthatyoungpeoplecanteacholderpeople.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouropinion.Manyofusbelievethatyoungpeoplehavenothingvaluabletoteacholderpeople.Howeverthatisnotalwaysthecase.Youngpeoplecanteacholderpeopleabouttechnology,youngculture,andyoung-relatedsocialissues.Youngpeopleareusuallybetteratusingnewformsoftechnologythanolderpeoplecanlearntousecomputersfromyoungpeople.Thisistrueofothertechnologytoo.Forexample,ItaughtmygrandparentshowtouseavideocassetterecorderwhenIwasthirteenyearsold.Theydidn’tknowwhatitcoulddo?Showedthem.Nowtheyuseitregularly.

27http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第8／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13Olderpeopleareusuallynotfamiliarwithyouthculture,andyoungerpeoplecanhelpheretoo.Thisisimportantbecauseitcanhelpolderpeopleliveamoreenjoyablelife.Forexample,popularmusicisgenerallyyouthoriented,andolderpeopledon’talwayslistentoit.However,whenyoungpeopleteachthemaboutit,theymaycometoenjoyit.MyGrandmother,forexampleneverlistenedtopopularmusicbeforeIintroduceshertoit.NotesheandIlistenanddanceallthetime.Iplantoteachheraboutanotherpieceofyouthculture---rollerblading----verysoon!Ofcourse,therearemoreseriousissuesaboutwhichyoungerpeoplecanteacholderpeople.Aswithcomputer,today’schildrenhavegrownupknowingaboutAIDSandschoolviolence.Thatisnottrueforoldergenerations.Here,again,childrencanteacholderpeopleaboutthingsthatareimportanttoeveryone.Iknowtherearepeoplewhowouldsay“youcan’tteachanolderdognewtricks.”However,it’splaintomethattheyounghaveplentytoteachtheoldiftheytakethetimetotry.Whentheydo,Ithinkbothgainanewappreciationforeachother.100Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Readingfiction(suchasnovelsandshortstories)ismoreenjoyablethanwatchingmovies.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyourposition.Readingfiction,suchasnovelsandshortstories,ismoreenjoyablethanwatchingamovie.Ofcoursetheimagesinamoviearemuchmorevivid,becauseyou’reseeingthemonalargescreeninadarkroom.Theimagesyou“see”inanovelareonlyasstrongasyourownimagination.Butthemoreyouread,thestrongeryourimaginationbecomes.Readingexerciseyourimaginativepowers.Watchingamoviedullsthem.Imaginationlikeamuscleneedstobeused.Otherwiseitcandisappear.Whenyouread,you’reanactiveparticipantinyourownenjoyment.That’sonereasonreadingdevelopstheimagination.You’rereadingthewordsonthepageandtranslatingthemintoimagesinyourmind.Whenyou’rewatchingamovie,you’reapassiveviewer.Themovieisgivingyoueverything.Nothingcomesfromyouexceptyourreactiontowhatyou’reseeing,andeventhatcanbegivenyoubythemovie.Somemovieplotsaresosimple,youcanpredictwhat’sgoingtohappenbeforeitdoes.Readingfictionalsodevelopsyourstorytellingskills.Themorereadingyoudo,thebetteryoubecomeatcreatingplotsandcharacters.Theplotsandcharactersinmoviesareoftenverysimple,becausetheemphasisisonactionratherthanonlanguageorcharacterdevelopment.Still,goingtothemoviesisagreatcommunityexperience.Sittinginalargetheaterwithalotofotherpeopleisfun.Youexperiencethesamereactionstowhatyou’reseeingtogether.Readingisaone-personexperience.It’sachancetogointoanimaginaryworldbyyourself.Bothexperiencescanbefunandrewarding,butIthinkreadingfictionismoreenjoyable.101Somepeoplesaythatphysicalexerciseshouldbearequiredpartofeveryschoolday.Otherpeoplebelievethatstudentsshouldspendthewholeschooldayonacademicstudies.Whichopiniondoyouagreewith?Givespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Whilephysicalexerciseisimportant,Idonotbelievethatitistheschool’sresponsibilitytoprovidephysicaltrainingforitsstudents.Thatissomethingthateveryonecantakecareofonhisorherown.Manystudentsgetplentyofphysicalexerciseaspartoftheirdailylifeorrecreation.Astudentwhobicyclestenmilestoandfromschooldoesnotneedmoreexercise.Agoodphysicaleducationprogrammusttakeastudent’soutsideactivityintoconsideration.Otherwise,somestudentswillspendvaluableclasshoursrepeatingphysicalexercise.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第9／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13Ifaschoolofferssuchactivities,italsosuggeststhatstudentswillbegradedonthem.Therangeofpossiblephysicalactivitiesisgreat:football,swimming,weightlifting,ballet,ballroomdance,yoga,skiing,horsebackriding,andgolfarejustafew.However,thenumberthataschoolcouldofferissmall.Somestudentscouldgetbadgradesinphysicaleducationsimplybecausetheschoolcouldnotprovideanactivitytheyenjoyordowell.Thisseemsunfair.Researchsuggeststhatparticipation,notexcellence,intheseactivitiesdeterminesthephysicalbenefitsthebodywillget.Anotherissueiseconomic.Manyschoolsdonothavethemoneytoprovidegymfacilities,playingfields,andathleticequipmentfortheirstudents.Otherschoolsarelocatedincitieswherethatkindofspacejustisn’tavailable.Afewschoolswouldratherkeepmoneyforacademicpurposes.Schoolscancertainlyencouragephysicalactivity.Theycanprovidespacefornoticesaboutactivities,events,andclassesforphysicalactivities.Theycanencouragestudentstoplantimeawayfromacademicstudiestogetsomeexercise.However,Ithinkthatprovidingexerciseshouldnotbetheschool’sresponsibility.102Auniversityplanstodevelopanewresearchcenterinyourcountry.Somepeoplewantacenterforbusinessresearch.Otherpeoplewantacenterforresearchinagriculture(farming).Whichofthesetwokindsofresearchcentersdoyourecommendforyourcountry?Usespecificreasonsinyourrecommendation.Theimportanceofagriculturalandbusinessresearchcenterscannotbeunderestimated.Successinfarmingandsuccessinbusinesseachcanimproveacountry’sstanding.Ithinkthatagriculturalresearchtendstoimprovethequalityofindividualcitizens’lives,whereassuccessfulbusinesspracticesimproveacountry’seconomyinrelationtoothernations.Choosingbetweenanagriculturalandabusinessresearchcenterisadifficultdecision.However,Ibelievethattheagriculturalresearchcenterwouldbemostbeneficialbecauseitsbenefitsaremorewidespread.BusinesspracticesintheUnitedStatesalreadyserveasamodelformanyothercountries.Whilewecertainlyhavemuchtolearn,theU.S.alreadyhasfairlysolideconomicbasis.Further,businessesarealreadywell-connectedinternationally.TheyhavetheadvantageoftheInternetandothermeansofelectronicinformationtransmission.Ithinkthatabusinessresearchcenterwouldreallyonlyhelpafewdirectly.Businessmenwouldgetricher.Fortherestofthecountry’speople,theremightbelittleobviousbenefit.Ontheotherhand,anagriculturalresearchcenterwouldhelpallpeople.Nocountrycansurvivewithoutadequatemeansoffoodproduction.WhiletheU.S.isabletoproduceorimportenoughfoodnow,thatmaynotremainthecaseifcurrenttrendscontinue.Naturalresourcesareeroding,andmoreandmoreAmericanfarmsareclosing.Farmersneedtobuildstrongernetworksacrossthecountryandinternationally,muchasbusinessmenalreadyhavedone.Ultimately,bettersystemsforfarmingwillhelpallpeople.Forexample,foodpricescanbereducedasfarmersdiscovermoreeffectivemeansoffoodproduction.Morally,Ibelievethatitisbesttodowhatwillbenefitthemostpeople.Ibelievethattheuniversity’sdecisiontobuildanagriculturalresearchcentercoulddojustthat.

28103Someyoungchildrenspendagreatamountoftheirtimepracticingsports.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthis.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Mostkidslovetoplaysports.It’simportanttothem,butforthemajority,it’sjustonetypeofactivityoutofmanythattheydo.Forasmallnumberofkids,though,asportbecomestheirwholelife.Theyspendalmostalltheirtimeandenergypracticing.Thishasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Sportsaregoodforyoungchildreninmanyways.Kidswhoenjoysportsarelikelytohavebetterhealth.Theydevelophttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第10／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13goodhabitsofdailyexercisethatwillkeepthemhealthyasadults,too.Today,manychildrenandadultsareoverweight,butthosewholovesportsstayinshape.Plus,bydevelopingtheirphysicalabilities,theywilllearnhowtoworkhardtowardsagoal.Theirachievementsinsportswillmakethemfeelgoodaboutthemselves.They’llalsomakefriendsandlearnteamwork.Sports,whetheralittleoralot,canhavepositiveeffects.Weadmirethetalentanddedicationofyoungathletes,butwealsowonderifthey’relosingsomething.Theirfocusisverynarrow.Iftheydevotemostoftheirtimetosports,aretheyneglectingschoolwork?Whataboutotherinterests?Childrenshouldtryoutmanydifferentactivities.Inaddition,manyyoungathletesarepressuredbyparentsorcoachestosucceed.Kidswhosedrivecomesfrominsideusuallydookay,butotherscanbeunhappyandhavehealthandemotionalproblems.Sosports,likeanythingelseinexcess,canhavenegativeeffecttoo.WhenIwasyoung,Ilikedbooksandhatedsports.Isawotherpeoplewholovedsportsandhatedschool.NowthatI’molder,I’vefoundabetterbalance.Peoplehavetofigureoutwhat’srightforthem.Istheresuchathingastoomuchsports?Thereisnorightanswer,becausethereisno“rightamount.”Everyoneisdifferent.104Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Onlypeoplewhoearnalotofmoneyaresuccessful.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Manypeoplebelievethatalargeincomeequalssuccess.Ibelieve,however,thatsuccessismorethanhowmuchmoneyyoumake.Someofthosemeasuresofsuccessincludefame,respect,andknowledge.Mostpeopleassumethatfamouspeoplearerichpeople,butthatisn’talwaystrue.Forexample,somedayIwouldliketobeafamousresearcher.Fewscientistsarerichbytoday’sstandards.StillIwillfeelmyselftobesuccessfulifIamwell-known.Additionally,therearemanyfamoushumanitarianswhoarenotrich.MotherTheresawasone.Certainly,noonewouldsayshewasnotsuccessful.Ialsobelievethatbeingrespectedbycoworkersindicatessuccess.Withoutthatrespect,moneymeanslittle.Forexample,Ioncedidsomeworkforatopattorneyinalawfirm.Hemadeaverygoodsalary,buthewasn’taniceman.Nooneeverdidworkforhimwillingly.Heorderedeveryonearound,andwedidn’trespecthim.Incontrast,however,Ihadawonderfulbanddirectorinhighschool.Hehadtotakeextrajobsjusttomakeenoughmoneytosupporthisfamily.However,hisstudentshadgreatrespectforhimandalwayslistenedtowhathesaid.Asaresult,wewereaverygoodband.Inmyopinion,mybanddirectorwasmoresuccessfulthantheattorneywas.Finally,Ithinkoneofthemostimportantindicatorsofsuccessisknowledge.Wealthypeopledon’tknowalltheanswers.Forexample,inthemovieGoodWillHunting,theonlypersonwhocouldsolvesomecomplexproblemswasthejanitor.Heknewalot,anddecidedwhathewantedtodowiththatknowledgeratherthanjustthinkaboutmoney.Inmyopinion,hewasextremelysuccessful.Whenwethinkofhistory,therearefewpeoplethatweremembersimplybecausetheywererich.Overall,werememberpeoplewhodidsomethingwiththeirlives－theywereinfluentialinpolitics,orcontributedtoscienceorartorreligion.Ifhistoryistheultimatejudgeofsuccess,thenmoneysurelyisn’teverything.105Ifyoucouldinventsomethingnew,whatproductwouldyoudevelop?Usespecificdetailstoexplainwhythisinventionisneeded.IfIcouldinventsomethingnew,I’dinventadeviceorpillthatcouldputpeopletosleepimmediatelyandwouldhavenosideeffects.Theproperamountofsleepisimportantforourconcentration,mentalhealth,andphysicalhealth.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第11／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13Gettingenoughsleepisavitalhumanneed.Foronething,withoutsleepourconcentrationisstronglyaffected.We’reeasilydistracted,wecan’trememberthings,andwedon’tnoticewhat’shappeningaroundus.Forexample,alotofcaraccidentsarecausedbytireddrivers.Whenwegetenoughsleep,ourpowersofconcentrationaresharper.We’remorefocusedonwhatwe’redoing.Weperformbetter.Mentalhealthisalsoaffectedbylackofsleep.It’seasytotellifpeopledon’tgetenoughsleep.They’reonedge,cranky,andoutofsorts.Theylosetheirtemperseasilyandover-reacttosituations.Infact,experimentshaveshownthatlackofsleepoveralongperiodoftimecancauseacompletementalbreakdown.Whenwegetourproperrest,we’remorealertandresponsive.Ouroutlookispositive,andwe’remucheasierto

29getalongwith.Ourphysicalhealthshowsthestrainofsleeplessness,too.Wehavelessenergy,andeverythingseemslikeamajoreffort.Overalongperiodoftime,webecomeslowandunresponsive.Thewearandtearonthebodyfromlackofsleepcanbeaveryserioushealthproblem.Everydoctorwilltellyouthatgettingenoughsleepisabasicfactorinmaintaininggoodhealth.Wouldn’titbegreattogotobedeverynightknowingyou’dhavenoproblemgettingtosleep,nomatterwhat’sgoingoninyourlife?Gettingenoughsleepisalwaysgoingtobeanimportantpartofhowyourespondtoyoursituation.Ithinkthisdevicewouldbeveryhelpfultoallofus.106Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Aperson’schildhoodyears(thetimefrombirthtotwelveyearsofage)arethemostimportantyearsofaperson’slife.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Iagreethataperson’schildhoodyears,frombirthuntiltwelveyearsofage,arethemostimportant.AlltheinformationI’vereadaboutthattimeoflifestatesthatthesearetheyearsthatformus.Theseyearsdeterminewhatkindofapersonthechildwillbecome.Duringtheseyearswelearnaboutrelationships,beginourformaleducationanddevelopourmoralsenseofrightandwrong.Theearlyyearsarethetimewhenwelearnaboutrelationships.Firstwelearnaboutourparentsandsiblings,thenaboutrestoftheworld.Welearnhowtorespondtoothersbasedthetreatmentwe’regiven.Ifwe’reloved,thenweknowhowtoloveothers.Ifwe’retreatedharshly,wemaygrowuptotreatothersharshly.Wealsoformourideasaboutourownself-worthfromthewayotherstreatusduringtheseyears.Theycanconvinceuswe’reworthless,ortheycanteachuswedeserveloveandrespect.Therearetheyearswhenwebeginourformaleducation.Weacquirethebasicskills－reading,writing,workingwithnumbers－thatwe’llusethroughoutourlives.Weneedagoodfoundationinthesesubjects.Otherwise,anythingwetrytodolaterwillbeunderminedbyourlackofskills.Perhapsthemostimportantthingwecanlearnduringtheseyearsishowtoanalyzeinformationanduseit.Theseareskillsthatwillalwaysbeuseful.Mostimportant,frommypointofview,thesearetheyearswhenwedevelopourmoralsenseofwhat’srightandwrong.Othersteachusaboutgoodandbad,butlaterinourearlyyearswebegintodecideforourselves.It’salsoduringthistimethatwebegintodeveloptheself-disciplinetoliveaccordingtoourmorals.Ibelieveapersongrowsandchangesforthebetterthroughoutthemanystagesoflife.However,thefoundationislaidinthosefirstfewyearsoflife.107Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Childrenshouldberequiredtohelpwithhouseholdtasksassoonastheyareabletodoso.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.InthepastinAmerica,childrenwerevaluableworkers.Forexample,theyhelpedonthearmorinthefamilybusinessinordertobringinmoney.Justacoupleofgenerationslater,attitudeshavechanged.Nowchildrenarehardlyexpectedtohttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第12／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13workatall.Modernchildrenoftendon’tevendochores.Thisissad,becauseIthinkthattheyaremissingsomethingiftheydon’thelpoutathome.Sharinginhouseholdtasksbenefitschildrenofallages.Firstofall,householdtasksbuildskills.Veryyoungchildrenlearnmotorskillsandclassificationskillswhentheypickuptheirtoysandputthemaway.Talkingabouthowtodothingshelpsthemlearntoanalyzesituations.Olderchildrenlearnskillsthey’llneedasanadult.Cleaningandcookingmayseemdull,butknowinghowtodothemwellmakeslifealoteasier.Howmanyyoungadultsleaveforcollegeunabletodotheirownlaundryorcookanythingbesidesafrozenmicrowavedinner?It’samazinglycommon.Wheneveryoneinafamilyhelpsout,thefamilyishappier.Nowadaysit’scommonforbothparentstowork.whentheycomehome,theyhavemoreworktodo.Lifeisstressfulandthere’snotimeforfun.Bysharinghouseholdtasks,everyonegains.Childrencanhelptheirparentswithsimpletaskssuchaspickinguptheirownrooms,puttingawaytheirownlaundry,startingdinneroccasionally,ortakingcareofyoungersiblings.Thenthefamilycanrelaxtogether,andparentwon’tfeellikeservantstotheir“couchpotato”offspring.Themostimportantthingchildrenlearnfromhelpingwithhouseholdtasksisresponsibility.Handlingeverydaytasksteachesorganizationandtimemanagementskills.Childrenlearnthatchoreshavetobecompletedbeforetheycanplay,orbeforetheygettheirallowances.Childrenwhounderstandthateffortpaysoffwillbemoresuccessfullaterinlife.Kidsshouldnotworkallthetime.Ahappylifeneedsbalance.Butiftheycansuccessfullyhandletasksathome,theywillhandlelifebettertoo.Theywillknowthesatisfactionofdoingagoodjob,beinvolvedinfamilylife,andbecomemoreconfidentandresponsibleadults.108Somehighschoolsrequireallstudentstowearschooluniforms.Otherhighschoolspermitstudentstodecidewhattoweartoschool.Whichofthesetwoschoolpoliciesdoyouthinkisbetter?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Manyhighschools,bothpublicandprivate,requirestudentstowearuniforms.Ithinkthatsuchapolicyisanexcellentideabecauseuniformscanmakethingsmoreequalforallstudents.First,uniformsmakestudentsequalonaneconomiclevel.Withuniforms,studentsfrompoorfamiliesdressthesameasstudentsfromrichfamilies.Thiscanpreventenvyandjealousyaboutstylishclothes.Itcanalsoencouragestudentstoformfriendshipsbasedonpersonality,notclothes.Second,uniformscanreduceunequaltreatmentbyteachers.Researchsuggeststhatteachersoftenhavehigherexpectations

30formoreattractivestudents,whichincludethosestudentswithnicerclothes.Thisspecialattentioncanincludeprovidingmorechallengesandopportunitiesforthesestudents.Uniformshelpteachersmakejudgmentsbasedonability,notappearance.Finally,uniformsencouragetheindividualstudentsofaschooltofeellikepartofabiggergroup.Theirfeelingsofbeingtogether,workingtogetherandhavingsomethingincommonareallhelpedbyuniforms.Itismyopinionthatallschoolsshouldhaveapolicyrequiringuniforms.Uniformsgiveeverystudentanequalchance.109Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Playingagameisfunonlywhenyouwin.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Iagreewiththeoldsaying,“It’snotwhetheryouwinorlose,it’showyouplaythegame.”Idon’tneedtowin.Ihavefunplayingallgamesbecauseitgivesmetimetobewithfriends,learnnewthings,andworkasateam.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第13／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13TennisisonegamethatIenjoy.It’sagreatopportunitytosocialize.Ofcourse,youcan’tcarryonaconversationwhileyou’replaying,butmytennispartnerandItalkalotbeforethegame.Sincewehavetoreserveacourt,wehavetotalktooneanothertofindaconvenienttimetomeet.Thenwehavetomakesurethatthecourtisavailableatthattime.Thisoftentakesmanyphonecallsand,ofcourse,wetalkaboutmanyotherthingsduringthesameconversation.Oncewegettothecourt,weoftenhavetowait.Thatgivesusanotheropportunitytochat.Afterthegame,weusuallygooutforasodaoramealandtalksomemore.Wedon’teventalkabouthowwellorhowpoorlyweplayed.Tennisisjustanexcuseforustogettogether.TheboardgameScrabble,ontheotherhand,isarealskillbuilder.It’sachallengetoformwordsfromthelettersinfrontofyouandontheboard.Ialwayslearnanewwordfrommyopponent,althoughsometimesI’msuspiciouswhetherthewordreallyexists.Oftenwedon’tevenkeepscore.Wejustdoitbecauseit’sfunandwelearnnewEnglishwords.SocceristhemostcompetitivesportI’minvolvedin.Idomybest,butitdoesn’tmattertomeifmyteamloses.Ienjoyjustbeingwithmyfriendsandtravelingtodifferentschoolsindifferentcitiestoplay.Ilearnalotaboutteamworkwhenwepractice.Ourcoachtellsusthemostimportantthingistoplaywellasateam.Itseemsshejustwantsustohavefunandnotworryaboutwinning.Allinall,Ijustenjoyhavingagoodtime.Presumablythat’sourpurposeinlife.Isn’tthatbetterthanworryingaboutwhowinsandwholosesallthetime?110Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Highschoolsshouldallowstudentstostudythecoursesthatstudentswanttostudy.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Ithinkhighschoolstudentsshouldbeallowedtochoosesomeofthesubjectstheystudy.However,thebasicsubjects,likemathematics,literature,andscience,shouldbemandatoryforallstudents.WhenIwasinhighschool,wewereallowedtochoosethreeelectiveseachsemester.Electivesweresubjectsthatweren’tpartofthebasiccurriculum.Theyincludedthingslikemusic,journalism,art,andvariouskindsofteamsports.Choosingsomeofthesesubjectstostudygavemeachancetoexperiment.IwasabletogetaheadstartonwhatIwasgoingtostudyincollege.However,collegepreparationshouldn’tbethemainfactor.Ithinkallstudentsshouldbeallowedtotakeacertainnumberofcoursesjustbecausethey’reinterestedinthem.Formanystudents,highschoolisthelastchancetolearnaboutthingsthey’reinterestedin.Maybeoncetheyhaveajobtherewon’tbetimeforstudying.Ofcourse,it’salsoimportantthatstudentsstudycertainbasicsubjects.IfI’dhadachoice,IknowIwouldn’thavestudiedmathematicsorscience.Iwasn’tveryinterestedinthem.However,onceIwasinclass,Ifoundmyselfgettinginterested.Iwouldn’thaveknownthisifI’dbeengiventhechoice,becauseIwouldhavechosennottotakethecourses.Highschoolstudentsaren’talwaysthebestjudgesofwhatthey’llfindusefulintheyearsahead.Theyneedtheguidanceofexpertsinthefieldofeducation.However,theyalsoneedsomefreedomtofollowtheircuriosityandindividualinterests.Theyshouldbegiventhefreedomtochoosesomecourses,whilebeingrequiredtotakeothers.111ADDoyouagreeordisagreewithfollowingstatement?Itisbettertobeamemberofagroupthantobetheleaderofagroup.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Accordingtomyopinion,it’salwaysbettertobealeaderthanafollower.Trueleadershowinitiative.Theytakeactionandtheyassumeresponsibility.Aleadermakesadecision.Somefollowersmayapproveofthedecision,othersmaycomplainaboutit.However,thesefollowersallchosetofollow,nottolead.Theychosenottomakeadecision.That’shttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第14／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13howI’mdifferent.I’mnotafollower.Iwanttomakethedecisions.Goodleaderwillnotreacttoevents,butwillanticipatethem.Aleaderwillstartaplanofactionandthenwillpersuadeotherstofollow.Forexample,aclasspresidentatalocalcollegemayfeelthattherelationshipbetweenthecommunityandthecampusisnotagoodone.Thecitizensmayfeelthatthecollegekidsmaketoomuchnoiseonthestreet,litterpublicareas,andshopinothercommunities.Agoodclasspresidentwillrecognizethatthecommunityandthecampusdependononeanother.Thepresidentwillaskthestudentbodytokeepnoisedown,helpcleanuptheneighborhoods,andworkwithbusinessestoattractstudents.Agoodleadertakestheinitiative.Goodleadersmustbeaction-oriented.Havingtakentheinitiative,theymustseethejobthough.Theyhavetotakechargeandleadthefollowers.Theyhavetomotivateandencouragethefollowers.Thefollowers(inthisexample,thestudentbody)mustunderstandwhygoodrelationswiththecommunityarenecessary.Thefollowersmustbepersuadedtodosomethingaboutit.Ienjoytakingtheinitiative,determiningthedirection,andbeingresponsibleformyactions.Idon’twanttosufferthroughotherpeople’sstupiddecisions.Iftherearegoingtobestupidwaystodosomething,letthembemine.Wouldn’tyouagree?112EXWhatdoyouconsidertobethemostimportantroominahouse?Whyisthisroommoreimportanttoyouthananyotherroom?Usespecificreasonsand

31examplestosupportyouropinion.Thekitchenismyfavoriteroominahouse,becauseitiswherefamiliesgather.Tome,thatisthemostimportantthing.Somanyofthememoriespeoplehaveofgrowinguprevolvearoundthekitchen.Mychildhoodmemoriesconcernthekitchensinmygrandparents‘homes.Mymother’sfamilylivedinarowhouseinthecity.Theroomswereallsmall,andthatincludedthekitchen.Inthesummertime,whenwe’dvisit,thebackdoorofthehousewouldbeleftopen.Peoplewouldbesittingonthebackporchandinthekitchen,talkingandlaughing,whilemygrandmothermadedinner.Therewasnoair-conditioning,butIdon’teverrememberfeelingtoohot.Therewasalwaysabreezecomingthrough,alongwiththesoundsoftrafficandkidsplayingballinthestreet.Myfather’sfamilyliveronafarminthecountry,andtheirhousehadahugekitchenwithwindowsonthreesides.Itseemslikethewindowswerealwaysopenandthecurtainsblowingwiththebreeze.Themaindoortothehousewasalmostneverused.Everyonecameinthroughthekitchen,andsatatthebigtableinthemiddleoftheroom.Whendinnerwasbeingprepared,allthewomenwouldbustlearound,whilethemensatatthetabletalkingaboutfarmprices.Sometimesmygrandmotherwouldn’tevensitdownduringdinner,butwouldberefillingbowlsoffoodandpeople’sglasses.Fromoutside,wecouldhearthecowsinthefieldnearthehouse.Thesetwokitchensarethebackgroundforsomeofmyhappiestmemories.Fromthebeginningoftime,humanbeingshavegatheredtogethernearthefirewherethefoodwasbeingprepared.Ihopethatneverchanges.113MAIfyoucouldmakeoneimportantchangeinaschoolthatyouattended,whatchangewouldyoumake?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.MostoftheschoolsthatIattendedbadexcellentprogramsandinstructors.Unfortunately,atoneschoolthiswasnotthecase.Theforeignlanguageprogramthereneededbothbetterplanningandbetterinstructors.IfIcould,Iwouldmakechangesinthreemajorareas.Thefirststepwouldbetoofferthirdandfourthyearlanguageclasses.Thisparticularschoolhadnolanguageprogramshttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第15／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13abovethesecondyearlevel.Studentswhostartedlanguageclassesinthefirstyearranoutofclassestotalkbythetimetheywerehalfwaythroughtheschool.Thiswasfrustratingforthoseofuswholovedlearninglanguages.Italsohadbadaffectswhenwetriedtoresumelanguagestudiesincollegeafteratwo-yearbreak.Next,theforeignlanguageprogramshouldbestaffedwithwell-trainedinstructors.Thecurrentteachersintheprogramdon’tspeakthelanguageswellenough.Inourclassesteachersfrequentlymadeerrorswhilethestudentsrepeated.Iftheteacherswerewell-trained,theywouldbegoodmodelsforthestudents.Finally,thematerialsinthelanguagecoursesshouldbeupdated.Theyneedtousemoderntechnology.Eventhoughtheschoolhasacomputerlaboratory,ourlanguageclassneverusedit.Wewerelimitedtousingtheassignedtextbook.Ifsoftwarewasavailable,thestudentscouldsearchtheInternetforcurrent,real-lifematerials,suchasnewspapersfromothercountries.Understandingpeoplefromothercountriesdependsonbeingabletocommunicatewiththem.Poorlanguageinstructionmakesthisimpossible.Improvingtheforeignlanguageprogramwouldreallymakeadifferencetothestudentsoftheschool.114MAAgift(suchasacamera,asoccerball,orananimal)cancontributetoachild’sdevelopment.Whatgiftwouldyougivetohelpachilddevelop?Why?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyourchoice.WhenIwasabout10yearsold,myoldersistergavemeapresent.Itwasmyfirstrealgrown-upbicycle:athree-speed,yellowandblack,shinyandnew.IstillrememberhowexcitedIwas.Thatbicyclewasveryimportanttomeoverthenextfewyears.IfIwantedtogiveagiftthatwouldcontributetoachild’sdevelopment,Iwouldchooseabicycle.Bikesaregreatexercise.Theyencourageoutdoorplay.Televisionandvideogames,whicharethemostpopularchildren’sactivitiesnowadays,involvemostlysittingandstarting.Ridingabikemakesexercisefun.Bikesareconvenienttransportation,too.Withoutabikeyouhavetodependonanadulttodriveyoualmosteverywhere.Withabikeyoucangofarther.Youcanridetoyourfriend’sbouses.Ifyourschooliscloseenough,youcantakeyourselftoschool.Youhavecontroloverwhereyougo,andyou’renotalwayswaitingorbeggingforaride.Nowyoucansay“CanIgo⋯⋯?”insteadof“Pleasetakeme!”Tomeasachild,abicyclemeantindependence.NotonlycouldIcouldIgofarther,butnoonewaswatchingwhereIwent.Theroadwentpastthepark,thepond,thewoods,the7-11store,andmore.Isawthenetworkoflittleneighborhoodroadsfromadifferentviewpoint.IcouldstopanywhereandlookatwhateverIwanted.Everythingwasmychoice.Bikeridingwasactive,notpassive.Mybicyclegavemefunexercise,easytransportation,andfreedom.Forallthesereasons,Ithinkthatabicycleisaspecialpresentforachild.115PRSomepeoplebelievethatstudentsshouldbegivenonelongvacationeachyear.Othersbelievethatstudentsshouldhaveseveralshortvacationsthroughouttheyear.Whichviewpointdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Iliketheideaofstudentshavingseveralshortvacationsthroughouttheyear.I’maworkingparentwithtwoschool-agechildren.EverysummerIhavetocomeupwithaplanforkeepingmychildrensafeandentertainedforthreemonths,whilemyhusbandandIareatwork.Summercampsareexpensive,andfindingtheoneyourchildrenwillenjoycanbeachallenge.Gettingridofthatonelongvacationwouldmakelifealoteasier.Havingseveralshortervacationswouldalsomakeiteasiertoschedulevacations.MyhusbandandIbothworkinsmallhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第16／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13officeswithotherworkingparents.Allofusneedvacationtimeduringthesamethreemonths.Thisishardonourbusinessesandourcareers.Wealsofindthat

32whereverwegointhesummer,it’scrowded.Itwouldbenicetogoplacesthroughouttheyearandfindsmallercrowds.I’msuretheattractionsthemselveswouldlikethatbetter,too.Itwouldbebetterfortheeconomytospreadthingsout,too.Ithinkmychildrenwouldbemorefocusedontheirstudentsiftheirvacationtimewasdividedupthroughouttheyear.Thefinalmonthoftheschoolyear,they’rejustnotpayingattention.They’vebeeninschoolforninelongmonthsandtheydon’thavealotofenergy.Plus,they’reanticipatingvacationtime.Ifvacationswerethroughouttheyear,theywouldconcentratebetteronstudies.Ofcourse,manyolderschoolbuildingsaren’tair-conditioned,becauseusuallypeoplearen’tthereduringthehottestmonths.Thatmightbeaproblem,Ithink,though,thatnewair-conditioningwouldbeworththecost.Duringthelastfewweeksofsummer,mychildrenareboredwiththeirlongvacation.Idoubtthatwouldhappeniftherewereseveralvacationsthroughouttheyear.116PRWouldyouprefertoliveinatraditionalhouseorinamodernapartmentbuilding?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Iknowthereareadvantagestolivinginamodernapartment,butI'dprefertoliveinatraditionalhouse.MyreasonisthatIlovetraditionaldesign.It'sgracefulandwarmandinviting.Ithinkmoderndesignisveryemptyandsterileandnotveryinviting.So,becauseofthewayitlooks,I'dchooseatraditionalhouse.Irecognizethefactthatamodernapartmentisgoingtobeinmuchbettershape.Beingnewprobablymeansalltheplumbingworks,theroofisn'tgoingtoleak,thewindowsareproperlysealed,andthekitchenappliancesareinworkingorder.Atraditionalhousecan'tguaranteeanyofthat.Infact,it'slikelythatthingswillbreakdownorneedreplacement,simplybecauseofage.Still,iftheappliancesareold,soisthewood,andthat'sabigadvantageasfarasI'mconcerned.Veryfewnewbuildingshavethekindofwoodsthatwereusedyearsago.It'ssomethingthatcan'tbecopied.Spaceisalwaysimportanttome,too.Ineedalotofroomformyhomeoffice,myclothes,andtodisplayalltheknickknacksI'vepickedupinmytravels.Ialsoliketohaveinterestingspace.Idon'twantalltheroomsandwindowsthesamesizeoraboxydesign.Amodernapartmentusuallycomesinonesizeandshape.AtraditionalhouseisgoingtohaveavarietyofspaceswhereIcanputalittletableorawindowseat.Anditwillhavelotsofroom,frombasementtoattic.Theseareallgoodreasonsformetopreferlivinginatraditionalhouse.Somepeoplelovemoderndesign,butit'snotforme.Thespaceandbeautyofatraditionalhomearemoreimportanttomethanhavingeverythingnewandperfect.117PRSomepeoplesaythatadvertisingencouragesustobuythingsthatwereallydonotneed.Otherssaythatadvertisementstellusaboutnewproductsthatmayimproveourlives.Whichviewpointdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Thewholepointofadvertisingistoencourageustobuythingswedon'tneed.Advertisersareinthebusinessofmakingmoneyofthemselvesandtheirclients.Iftheymanagetosellussomethingthat'sgoodforustoo,that'sfine.Buttheirprimarygoalisprofit.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第17／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13Itbeginswhenwe'rechildren.Saturdaymorningchildren'stelevisionisfullofcommercials.Overandoveragain,childrenseeimagesoftoysandgames.Theyseeotherchildrenwhoarehavingthetimeoftheirlives.Theywatchthesechildrenandgetthemessagethatiftheywanttohavethatmuchfun,theyneedtobuythosethings.Thus,ataveryearlyage,we'reintroducedtotwoideas:thatwewanttobelikeeveryoneelse,andwewanttohavewhateveryoneelsehas.Thiscontinuesthroughoutourlives.Wespendalotofourmoneytryingtokeepupwithourneighbors.Webuythelatestmodelcars,haveallthelatestgadgetsinourhomes,andlivealifestylebeyondourbudgets.Advertisingencouragesustodefineourselvesbywhatweownratherthanbywhoweare.Itencouragesacompetitionoffalsevaluesandshallowmeasurementsofwhatmattersinourlives.Advertisingcanbedamaging.However,itisalsooneofthewaysinwhichoureconomykeepsgrowing.Peopleneedtobuyproductsinorderforotherpeopletohavejobsmanufacturing,transportingandsellingthoseproducts.Advertisingalsokeepsusinformedaboutnewproductsthatmayactuallyhelpusinsomeway.Forthesereasons,youcouldsayadvertisingisanecessaryevil.118PRSomepeopleprefertospendtheirfreetimeoutdoors.Otherpeopleprefertospendtheirleisuretimeindoors.Wouldyouprefertobeoutsideorwouldyouprefertobeinsideforyourleisureactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.EnjoyingTimewithMotherNatureIfIhadtochoosewheretospendmyleisuretime,I'dratherspenditoutdoors.Ispendallmyworkinghoursinsideatadesk.WhenIhavesomefreetime,Iwanttocompletelychangemyenvironment.Gettingoutdoorsgivesmeanewperspectiveandhelpsclearmymind.Beingoutdoorsgivesmetheopportunitytotrynewtings,seenewsights,andmeetnewpeople.Stayingindoorsmeansreadingabookorwatchingtelevision.Sometimesitinvolvesvisitingwithfriends.Thoseareallrelativelyinactive.Beingoutdoorsmeansachancetostretchmymentalandphysicalmuscles.IcangohikinginanareaI'veneverbeenbefore.Icangoswimmingorraftingontheriver.Icangoonanaturewalkwitharangerandlearnaboutflowersandtrees.IcanvisitalltheoutdoormonumentsinmycitythatI'veneverseenbefore.Ineachcase,I'mdoingsomethingthathelpmerelaxwhile

33alsoenjoyingtheexcitementofsomethingnew.Ofcourse,weatherisafactor.Ihaveahardtimefunctioninginextremelyhotorcoldweatherandliketostayindoorswhenit'sbelowfreezingortheheatisscorching.Attimeslikethat,it'sfuntositinsidewithagoodbookoragoodfriendlookingoutattheweatherandenjoyingthecomfortsofhome.Butiftheweathercooperates,it'sfuntoreadthatbookoutsideonaparkbenchorgoswimmingwiththatfriend.Enjoyingleisuretimeoutdoorscanalsomeanmakingnewfriends.Gettingoutsidemyownenvironmentgivesmetheopportunitytomeetnewpeople.Allinall,leisuretimeIsbetterwhenit'sspentwithMotherNatureratherthatatelevisionset.119MAYourschoolhavereceivedagiftofmoney.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwayforyourschooltospendthismoney?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Agiftofmoneyisgenerousandwelcomedatourschool.Therearemanytingsthatmyschoolcoulduse.Todecide,onemustconsidertheamountofthegiftandunderstandthatitisaone-timeting.Keepingthisinmind,Ithinkthatmyschoolcouldmostbenefitformnewclassroomfixtures.Ifyoulookedatourschool,youwouldagreethatnearlyalloftheclassroomscouldusenewdesks,chairs,chalkboards,http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=40（第18／20页）2009-1-21上午02:59:13bookshelvesandcabinets.Ourschoolisoldandthepeoplewholiveherearen'tverywealthy.Newequipmentwouldprovidestudentswiththetoolsthattheyneedtolearn.Itishardtowritepapersiftherearen'tenoughdesksandchairs.Itishardtolearnwhentheblackboardsaresooldthattheycan'tbeerasedproperly.Itisalsodifficulttoorganizeschoolsupplieswithoutproperbookshelvesandcabinets.Anotherplusthatnewequipmentwouldprovideisthatitwouldmaketheschoolmoreattractivetothecommunity.Itishardforacommunitytobeproudofaschoolthatisfallingapart.Ifthecommunityfeltthatoutschoolwasimportant,perhapsotherswouldgivemoremoneyinthefuture.Thatwouldallowustofurtherimproveourschool.Inaddition,maybecommunitymemberswouldfeelencouragedtocomeandhelpoutintheschool.Thatwouldmakeitevenbetter.Studentswouldbehappierwithnewequipment.Itwouldmakethemwanttocometoschoolandlearn.Therewouldbefewerdropouts.Bycontinuingintheireducation,thesestudentswillbeabletobettercontributetoourcommunityinthefuture—perhapsevenbecomingfurtherschoolteachers.Whiletherearemanythingsthatcanbepurchasedwithagiftofmoneyatourschool,Ibelievethatnewequipmentisthebestchoice.Newequipmentwouldimprovethelearningenvironment,thecommunity'sattitude,andthestudents'feelingsabouttheirschool.120ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Playinggamesteachesusaboutlife.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Almosteveryone,fromlittlechildrentoadults,lovesgames.Thetypesofgamesmaychangeandgetmorecomplexaswegrowup,butourenjoymentneverchanges.Playinggamesisbothfunanduseful,becausegamesteachustheskillsweneedinlife.Firstofall,playinggamesteachesusthateverythingwedocausessomethingelsetohappen.Ifwebitaball,itwilllandsomewhereorsomeonewilltrytocatchit.Ifwemakecertaincombinationswithcards,we'llearnpoints.Sowhenweplayagame,welearnthereisalwayscause/effectrelationship.Welearntopayattentiontowhat'shappeningaroundusandseehowpeoplereacttowhatwedo.Playinggamesalsoteachesushowtodealwithotherpeople.Welearnaboutteamwork,ifthegamehasteams.Welearnhowtoassigntasksaccordingtoeachperson'sskill.Welearnhowtogetpeopletodowhatwewant,andwelearnthatsometimeswehavetodowithotherpeoplewant.Gameplayingteachesushowtofollowrulestoachievesomething.Inagame,theruleshavebeenworkedoutinadvanceandmakethegamegomoresmoothly.Wefindoutthatifwewanttoreachagoal,weneedtoknowtherules.Welearnhowtogostepbysteptowardsadesiredend.Wealsolearnhowtomakeadjustmentswhenthingschange.Welearnhowtodeviseaplanforreachingourgoal.Welearnstrategy.Mostpeopleunderstandthat"allworkandnoplay"isbadforyou.Learningallthesethingswouldbemuchslowerifwedidn'tplaygames.Lifewouldbemuchduller,too.155篇大学应背英语课文（六）请输入关键字减小字体增大字体121．MAImaginethatyouhavereceivedsomelandtouseasyouwish.Howwouldyouusethisland?Usespecificdetailtoexplainyouranswer.Landisavaluableresource,anditisimportanttouseiteffectivetocreatesomethingthatallpeoplecanenjoy.Ithereforeproposetousethelandtobuildacampground.Atthepresenttime,there’slittlelow-costrecreationinthearewhereIlive.Buildingacampgroundwouldchangethat.Ultimatelyacampgroundwouldmakeamoreenjoyableenvironmentforeveryone.Localentertainmentissimplytooexpensive.Aniceeveningoutcancostasmuchasonehundreddollars.Evenmoviesandotherlessexpensivetypesofentertainmentarenolongercheap.Further,therearenorealrecreationalfacilitiesnearby.Therearenoparkswithin30miles.Thereareveryfewbasketballcourts,andmostofthoseareibpoorcondition.Buildingacampgroundcouldchangeallthat.Stayingovernightatacampgroundisveryinexpensive.Itcancostaslittleasthirtydollars.Further,therewouldbeasportsareaandpicnictablesforusebycampersandalsothosewhodonotwishtostayovernight.Acampgroundwouldprovidealotofactivitiesforverylittlemoney.Thatwoulddefinitelyimprovethisarea.Theresultofbuildingacampgroundwillbethatmanymorepeoplewillbeabletoaffordanenjoyableeveningout.Acampgroundalsopromoteshealthyliving.Peoplecangetoutandbreathefreshair.Theycanwalkandbikeandplaybasketballorothersports.Thatiscertainlybetterthanspendinganeveningsittingdown,eatingbutterypopcorninamovietheater.Acampgroundwillmaketheareabeautifulaswellasfunctional.Wehavemanywonderfulnaturalresources,butweneedtocultivatethem.Inadditiontoalltheothergoodthingsitcanbring,buildinga

34campgroundwillhelpusdojustthat.122.EXwhatisthemostimportantanimalinyourcountry?Whyistheanimalimportant?Usereasonsandspecificdetailstoexplainyouranswer.IntheUnitedStates,therearemanyimportantanimals.Theyhelpusinawiderangeofwaysfromfoodproductiontoscientificresearch.Ananimalthatisnotonlyhelpfultousbutclosetousemotionallyisthedog.ThatiswhyIfeelthatdogarethemostimportantanimalsinmycountry.Dogsprovideaveryimportantchancetolearnormaintainsocialskills.Childrenwhohavedogslearnresponsibilitywhilecaringforthem.Dogsalsohelpolderpeople.Theelderlyoftenfeellonelyastheygetolderandhavefewerlivingfriendsandrelatives.Theyareabletomaintainapositiveoutlookandtofeelneededbecausetheyarecaringforadogthatneedsthem.Inadditiontosocialbenefits,dogsalsoprovidesomeveryimportantassistance.Seeing-eyedogshelptheblindinglivefulfilling,fullymobilelives.Dogsthatactasshepherdsonsmallfarmsarealsoveryhelpful.Lostanimalsmeanslostmoneyforfarmers,andthatcanmeangoingoutofbusiness.Policedogscanfindillegaldrugs,catchcriminals,andprotecttheirhandlers.Dogs’intelligenceanddesiretopleasepeoplemadethemidealforallkindsofwork..Finally,dogscansavelives.Dogshavebeenknowntofindlostchildren.Inextremelycoldconditions,theyhaveprovidedthemwithlife-savingwarmth.Dogshavealertedpeopletofiresandotherdangers.Andwecannotforgetguarddogs,whichsavemanyowners’livesandpropertyeachyearbyscaringoffpotentialburglars.Again,thereareusefulanimalsintheUnitedStates.Intermsofthenumerouswaysinwhichtheycanbehelpful,however,Ibelievethedogisthemostsignificant.123.EXManypartsoftheworldarelosingimportantnaturalresources,suchasforests,animals,orcleanwater.Chooseoneresourcethatisdisappearingandexplainwhyitneedstobesaved.UsespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinionManynaturalresourcesaredisappointedofbeingwastedonourplaneteveryday.Oneofthemostimportantresourcesweareabusingisourtrees.Eachyear,hundredsofthousandsofacresoftreesdisappearincountriesallaroundtheworld.Insomecountries,thesetreesareusedforfuel.Inothercountries,treesaredestroyedtobuildhousingdevelopmentsandshoppingcenters.Savingtreeshasbecomeamajorculturalandeconomicalissueinmanyoftheworld.Treesareessentialtooursurvival.Theyareamajorpartoftheprocessofphotosynthesis.Photosynthesisistheprocessinwhichgreenplantsusecarbondioxidetoproduceoxygen,andoxygenissomethingallofusneed.Thefewertreesthereare,themorethisaffectsourabilitytobreathe.Treesarealsoimportantinthedevelopmentofmanymedicines.Themainstreammedicalestablishmentdidnotrecognizethisformanyyears.However,thosewhousenaturalmedicineshavealwaysknownhowimportanttreesare.Nowscientistsareagreeingwiththem.Manydrugscomefromtheleavesofcertaintrees,alongwithotherherdsandplants.Inruralareas,farmershavealwaysknownhowimportanttreesaretosoilconservation.Thisiswhyyou’llusuallyseetreesliningafield.Treerotshelpkeepthesoilinplace,andarealsoafactorinwaterdistributiondeepbeneaththeground.Finally,weshouldsavetreesfromdisappearingbecausetheyprovidesomuchpleasure.‘IthinkthatIshallneverseeapoemaslovelyasatree,’wroteapoet.Thatisthetruth.Atall,statelytreeisbeautifultolookat,andpleasingtothesoul.Itisalsoagreatplacetofindshadeonahotsummer’sday.Forpracticalandemotionalreasons,weneedtopreserveourplanet’strees.124.ADDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Azoohasnousefulpurpose.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.Zoosareoftencontroversialbecausemanypeoplebelievetheyarenecessaryorevenharmful.Ifproperlymanaged,Ifeelthatzooshavealotofvalue.Infact,Ibelievezoosareusefulintwomainways:educatingthegeneralpublicandadvancingscientificresearch.Zooscanbewonderfullyeducationalplaces.Theyprovideasafe,controlledenvironmenttolearnaboutaspecificspecies.Childrencanfeelsafeexploringtheworldofthechimpanzeethere,andadultscanlearnaboutandseetypesofbirdsthey’veneverseenbefore.Unlikeinthewild,there’snoworryofbeingphysicallyharmedbyananimal.Zoosarealsoimportantfortheresearchopportunitiestheyprovide.Researchissaferandeasiertoconductthaninthewild.ScientistscanfeelsecureintheconfinedareaoftheZoo.Forexample,whileconductingamedicalexperimentinanopenfield,scientistshavetoworryaboutboththeanimaltheyhavetoworkedwith,andalsootheranimalsnearby.Inzoos,however,theyneedonlyworryabouttheresearchsubject.Inthewilderness,animalsarealsomuchhardertotrackandmonitor.Zoosmakeresearchlesstime-consumingandexpensive.Longtermfollows-upsareeasiertoo,sinceevenwithmonitors,wildanimalsoftenarekilledanddisappear.Inzoos,researcherscanobserveananimal’sentirelifespan.Overall,Ifeelthatproperlymanagedzoosprovideexcellentopportunitiesforeducationandresearch,andarethereforeveryuseful.125.ADInsomecountriespeoplearenolongerallowedtosmokeinmanypublicplacesandofficebuildings.Doyouthinkthisisagoodruleorabadrule?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourposition.Notallowingsmokinginpublicplacesandofficebuildingisaverygoodrule.Ibelievethisforseveralreasons.Notonlywillbanningsmokingimprovepeople’shealth,itwillalsoincreaseworkerproductivityandreduceconflicts.weallknowsmokingisnothealthy.Unfortunately,whensmokersareabletosmokeinpublicbuildings,theycanmakeotherpeoplesick.Theymayworkwithpeoplewhoareallergictosmoking,forexamples.Inthatcase,thenon-smokershavenochoiceunlesstheywanttoquittheirjobs.Theycanonlygetsicker,whichisunfair.Ofcourse,banningsmokinginpublicbuildingsandofficeswillpleasenon-smokers.Itwillalsoimprovethesmokers’health.Theywillhavefeweropportunitiestosmoke,sotheywillsmokefewercigarettes.Banningsmokinginofficebuildingscanalsoincreaseworkerproductivity.Smokerswon’tinterrupttheirworkallthe

35timetosmoke.Therewillalsobefewerworkerabsences.Whensmokerscutdownthenumberofcigarettes,theywillgetfewersmokingrelatedillnesses.Finally,itisagoodideatobansmokinginpublicplacesandofficebuildingsbecauseabancanreduceconflicts.Nonsmokerstendtogetannoyedandjealousbecausesmokershaveanexcusetotakefrequentbreaks.Themostsignificantconflict,however,isoverwhethersmokershavearighttosmokeinpublic.Aswehavealreadyseen,non-smokersfeeltheyarenotalwaysgivenachoice.Ifsmokinginpublicisallowed,theywillbeforcedtobreatheharmfulair.Thismayviolatetheirrights,andnon-smokersareangrywithsmokersbecauseofit.Itseemsclearthatbanningsmokingnpublicplacesandofficebuildingsisagoodidea.Itwillreduceconflictandincreaseproductivity.Itwillalsobenefithealthofsmokersandnon-smokersalike.Ibelievethatjustaboutanythingthatimproveourhealthisagoodidea!126.EXPlantscanprovidefood,shelter,clothing,ormedicine.Whatisonekindofplantthatisimportanttoyouorthepeopleinyourcountry?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Thecoconuttreeisaveryimportantplantinmycountry.Coconuttreeplantationsareimportantsourcesofrevenue,foodandshelter.Ourcountryearnsalotofmoneyfromtheexportofcoconuttreeproductslikecopra,coconuts,coconutsoil,andcoconutmilk.Thishasbeenthemainsourcesofourforeignexchangeforoveracentury.Infact,manyofthecoconuthttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第3／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43plantationswereplantedbyvariouscolonialpowerandnow,sinceindependence,arerunbyourowncitizens.Wenotonlyexportthefoodproductsofthecoconuttree,weeatthemourselvestoo.Thecocoisthebasisofmuchofournationalcuisine,wearefamousforourcurriesmaderichbycoconutmilk.Wealsousetheoiltofryourfoodsaswellastoaddshinetoourskinandhair.Thefrondsofthecoconuttreearealsousedtocoverthewallsandroofsoftemporaryshelters.Thebreezespassthroughthefrondsandcooltheinterior,buttheheavyrains,whichfalldaily,donotenter.Hecoconuttreeisaveryversatileandusefulplant.Itisatreethathasservedourcountrywell.127.ADYouhavetheopportunitytovisitaforeigncountryfortwoweeks.Whichcountrywouldyouliketovisit?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.IfIcouldvisitanyforeigncountry,I’dliketovisitIreland.Thescenerythereissobeautiful.Irelandhasalotofrainandthatmakeseverythingverygreenandlush.Ithasn’tbecomeacompletelyindustrializedcountryyet,sotherearestillareaswherethecountrysideisunspoiledbypollution.Often,youcandriveformileswithoutseeinganothercarorcomingtoabigcity.I’dliketotakemysetofpaintsandseveralcanvasesandtrytocapturesomeofthescenesthere.Itseemseverywayyouturn,you’relookingatbeautifulscenery.Theareaneartheoceanisespeciallydramatic,withgiantdarkcliffsrisingoutofthewater.IalsothinkI’denjoytheslowerpaceofIreland.It’ssodifferentfromthebusypaceofmycountry.Ofcourse,Ireland’sbigcitiesarejustashecticasanybigcityanywhere.ButmanyoftheIrishliveinsmallertownsoronfarmsinruralareas.Visitingtheseplacesisveryrestful.Peopledon’tfeeltheneedtosticktoaschedule.Thingsgetdone,butinamuchmorerelaxedfashion.Inmycountry,there’sthefeelingthatyou’realwayslateforsomething.InIreland,itfeelslikeyou’veneverlatebecausenoonestaysonschedule.Mostofall,itwouldbeinterestingformetomeetthecousinsinmymother’sfamily.TheyliveinDonegal.Icouldseethehousewheremygrandmothergrewupandwheremycousinsstilllive.Thishouseisconnectedtoalighthouse.Visitingtherewouldgivemeaclearerideaofwhatmygrandmother‘schildhoodwaslike.IrelandwouldbearefreshingbreakfromthelifeIleadinmyowncountry.IwishIcouldgothere.128.PRInthefuture,studentsmayhavethechoiceofstudyingathomebyusingtechnologysuchascomputersortelevisionorofstudyingattraditionalschools.Whichwouldyouprefer?Usereasonsandspecificdetailstoexplainyourchoice.IfIhaveachoicebetweenstudyingathomeusingcomputersandtelevisionorstudyinginatraditionalschoolsetting,I’dchoosethetraditionalsetting.Maybeit’sjustwhatI’musedto,butIdon’tthinkthattechnologycanreplaceteachersandclassrooms.Afterall,technologycanfail.Computersgodownandcomputerprogramscrash.Televisionsbreak,andtheelectricitycansuddenlygooff.Inthosesituations,who'sgoingtoteachme?IfI'matschool,andthetelevisionorthecomputersstopfunctioning,there'sateachertostepinandchangethelessonplan.Teacherscandrawontheirteachingexperienceandbe

36creative.Computersandtelevisionscan't.I'dalsomissthechancetointeractwithotherstudentsifIweren'tgoingtoschool.Ithinklearningtoplayandworkwithotherpeopleisoneofthemostimportantlessonswelearninschool.Itpreparesusforlife,andforworkingwithotherpeople.Beingwithotherpeoplealsohelpsusdiscoverwhoweare.AnotherconcernIhaveaboutstudyingathomeisgettingdistracted.It'sstrange,butIthinkbeinghomealoneismorehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第4／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43distractingthanbeingatschoolwithalotofpeople.Atschool,we'reallfocusedonthesamesubjects.Athome,itwouldbesoeasytoturnoffthecomputerorthetelevisionandgodosomethingelse.Imighttellmyselfthatit'sokaytoplayacomputergamenowandmakeupthestudyhourslater.Chancesare,I'dnevermakeupthestudyhours.I'mallinfavorofusingtechnologyintheclassroom.Ithinkcomputersandtelevisionaregreatwaysforstudentstohaveaccesstoalotofinformation.Ijustdon'tthinktheyshouldbetheonlytoolsIhaveasastudent.Ialsoneedteachersandotherstudentstohelpmegetacompleteeducation.129.ADWhenfamouspeoplesuchasactors,athletes,androckstarsgivetheiropinions,manypeoplelisten.Doyouthinkweshouldpayattentiontotheseopinions?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Everyoneisentitledtohaveanopinion.Whenitcomestoopinions,thoughthere’sadifferencebetweenthemajorityofpeopleandcelebritieslikeactors,athletesandrocksstars.Ifyou’veanaverageperson,onlyyourfamilyandfriendscareaboutyouropinion.Ifyourfamous,thewholeworldlistens,orsoitseemssometimes.Isthisthewayitshouldbe?Idon’tthinkso.Weshouldn’tpayattentiontofamouspeople’sopinionsjustbecauseofwhotheyare.Beingafamousbasketballplayerdoesn’tmakesomeoneanexpertonenvironmentalissues.However,thatbasketballplayerhasabetteropportunitytobeheardthanmostpeopledo.Ifthatplayerfeelsverystronglyaboutanissue,hecanusehisfametodrawattentiontoitandgetotherpeopleinvolved.Thatwaytheycandrawattentionandneededdollarstothatissue.Peoplewhoarerichputtheirmoneybehindacause..Inthesameway,famouspeopleareusingtheirmostvaluableasset.Intheircase,it’snotmoney,It’stheirnamerecognition.Shouldpeoplepayattentiontowhattheythinkjustbecauseofwhotheyare?Idon’tthinkso.Ialsodon’tthinkweshoulddiscountwhattheythinkjustbecauseofwhothereare.Theyhavearighttotheiropinion.Iftheirnamedrawspeopletothatcause,allthebetterforthecause.Ithinktoooftenwecategorizedpeopleandtrytokeepthemintheirplace.Celebritieshavebrainsandshouldbeallowedtousethem.Whenthey‘readvocatingacause,theiropinionshouldbejustoneofmoneyfactorsweusetoevaluatethatcause..130.EXThetwentiethcenturysawgreatchange.Inyouropinion,whatisonechangethatshoulderememberedaboutthetwentiethcentury?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.Therehavebeenmanychanges,bothtechnologicalandcultural,inthetwentiethcentury.Ibelievethatonestandsoutabovetherest:advancesinmedicalscience.Thechangesinmedicalsciencegotogetherwiththechangesintechnologicalandculturalareas.Onecanmoveaheadonlywiththehelpoftheothers.Wecanseetheresultsofmedicaladvancesinthreeareas:developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics,expandedaccesstohealthcare,andimprovedsurgicaltechniques.Whenmedicalresearcherslearnedhowtopreventdiseaseandstopitfromspreading,thequalityoflifeformanypeoplearoundtheworldimproved.Todaysmallpoxisaforgottendiseaseandvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polioisundercontrolandthevaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofpenicillinhashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.Althoughhealthcareisnotuniversalevenindevelopedcountries,itismuchbetterthanitusedtobe.Localclinics,visitingnursesandspeciallyhospitalshaveallimprovedthehealthcareforourcommunities.Ifyoushouldbeunfortunateandrequiresurgery:youarestillluckytohavethesurgerytodayratherthaneventenyearsago.Nowwithmicroscopicandlasersurgery,operationsaremoreefficient.Youspendlesstimeinthehospitalandyourecoverfaster.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第5／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43Ican’tthinkofanyotherchangethathasaffectedthelivesofsomanypeople.Ourhealthisimportanttoallofus.Weallarethankfulforadvancesintheareaofmedicalscience.131PRWhenpeopleneedtocomplainaboutaproductorpoorservice,someprefertocomplaininwritingandothersprefertocomplaininperson.Whichwaydoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.WhenIwanttomakeacomplaintaboutadefectiveproductorpoorservice,Iwouldrathermakemycomplaintinwriting.Writingacomplaintallowsmetoorganizemypointsofargumentinalogicalmanner.IfI’mreallyunhappywiththewayI’mbeingtreated,Iwanttopresentmyreasonsclearly.Idon’twanttheretobeanyconfusionaboutwhyI’mcomplaining.Iliketolistmycomplaintsandthenlistsupportingexamples.That’sthebestwayofmakingsureeveryoneisclearaboutwhatI;msaying.Puttingmycomplaintinwritingalsoensuresitwon’tseemtooemotional.Ifyoufeelthatyou’rebeentreatedbadlyortakenadvantageof,it’seasytolashout.Losingyourtemper,though,isasurewaystoloseyourargument.Yellingisverysatisfyingatthemoment,butitonlymakesthepersonyou’reyellingatmadatyou.Itdoesn’tgetthemtoagreewithyouortoofferhelp.There’salsotheissueofthepersonyou’redealingwith.Ifyoucomplaintinperson,youhavetotalktowhoeveristhere.Chancesarethatheorsheisn’tthepersonresponsibleforthedefectiveproductorthepoorservice.Oftenthepeoplewhotakecomplaintsarenotthepeopleinchange,unlessyou’redealingwithaverysmallbusiness.Yellingatthemisn’tfair,anddoesn’tdoanythingtogetarefundorsatisfactionforyou.Youneedtoreachthepersonincharge.Thebestwaytodothatisinwriting.Writingaboutyourcomplaintandsendingtheletterregisteredmailalsogivesyouwrittenproof.It’sclearthatyoutriedtosettlethematterinareasonablemannerwithinacertaintimeperiod.Thisway,ifyouneedtotakefurtheraction,youhavephysicalevidenceofyouractions.Writingacomplainthastheadvantagesoforganization,effectiveness,andfairness.That’swhyIprefertowriteratherthanpersonallypresentmycomplaints.

37132EXPeoplerememberspecialgiftsorpresentsthattheyhavereceived.Why?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ithinkwerememberspecialgiftswe’vereceivedbecausethesegiftsoftenarepartofaspecialmemoryforus.Itmaybeamemoryofsomeonespecialwe’vecareddeeplyabout.Heorshemaynolongerbealive.Oritmaybeamemoryofaspecialeventinourlives.Itmayevenbeamemoryofthepersonweoncewereatsomeparticularmomentinourlives.Giftsfromotherpeoplecanmakeusfeeljoyeverytimewelookatthem.Agiftfromourparents,orourhusbandorwifemakesusfeellovedeachtimeweseeoruseit.Ifwehavechildren,thefirstgiftourchildmadeforusinkindergartenischerishedlongafterthechildhasgrownup.Afamilyheirloomgiventousbyagrandparentmakesusfeelconnectedtoourpast.Agiftfromagoodfriendisareminderofallthegoodtimeswe’veshared.Amementofromarespectedcolleagueofareminderofajobweworkedonsuccessfullytogether.Giftmayalsopinpointspecialeventsinourlives.Giftsgiventousaspartofourreligiousheritage,suchasFirstCommunionorChanukkahgifts,remindusofthosecelebrations.Thesameistrueforgiftsgivenforbirthdaysandgraduations,andfortheanniversariesofspecialdaysinourlives,likeourweddingday.Giftscanalsobeasymbolofthepersonwewereataparticularpointinourlives.Agiftreceivedinchildhoodmayremindusofapassionatehobbythat’snowboxedintheattic.Agiftreceivedwhenweleftajobmaybringtomindthefirstcareerhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第6／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43webad,nowthatwe’reonourthirdorfourth.Thegiftsthatareimportanttousaretheonesthatremindusoffamily,friendsandhappytimes.They’reawayofsurroundingourselveswithourpast.133ADSomefamousathletesandentertainersearnmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Doyouthinkthesepeopledeservesuchhighsalaries?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Someathletesandentertainersearnmillionsofdollarsannually.Incontrast,anelementaryschoolteacher,onaverage,probablymakeslessthan$35,000ayear.Ithinkthefactthatthisdifferenceiscommonplacesisasignofoursociety’smisplacedvalues.Itshowsthatweputmoreimportanceonentertainingourchildrenthanoneducatingthem.Itseemsthatthecareersthataretheleastvaluesinoursocietyoftenarethosethatarethemostimportant.Whyisthisso?Themarketdetermineswhogetspaidwhat.Teachersarepaidbytaxdollars.Sportsteamsmakehundredsofmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Theseteamsearnfabulousprofitsfromradioandtelevisionrights,aswellaseverythingsoldattheconcessionsstands.Thesameistrueofmovies.Theyareproducedbystudiosthatmakehugeprofitsannually.Theseenterprisescanaffordtopaytheirentertainersandsportsfigureshugesalaries,becausethoseathletesandfilmstarsdrawpeopletotheentertainment.Whyarewewillingtopaysomuchtoseeaballgameoramovie,butnotforagoodteacher?Maybeit’sbecausewewantdistraction;wewanttobeentertained.Maybeit’sbecausewethinkofeducationasaright,whichentertainmentseemslikealuxury.Weexpecttopayforourluxuries.It’snotthatIbegrudgetheplayersandentertainerstheirhugesalaries.Mostofthemhaveveryshortcareers.Athletesmaybetoooldintheirearly30s.Manyofthemgambleearlyintheirlivesonmakingitbiginthesportsorentertainmentworld,anddenythemselvesagoodeducation.Theyhavelittlechanceofastablecareer,sotheyneedtoearnenoughmoneytosupportthemforalongtime.Ontheotherhand,mostofusaren’tgoingtoearn$10millioninalifetimeofwork.Soit’shardtosympathizewithpeoplewhodo.Wehavetoaskourselves:whoreallygivethemostvaluetosociety?134EXIstheabilitytoreadandwritemoreimportanttodaythaninthepast?Whyorwhynot?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Todaymorethanatanytimeinthehistoryoftheworlditisimportanttobeabletoreadandwrite.ThischangehasbeenbroughtaboutbytheInternetwhichweusetocommunicatewithoneanother,togetournews,andtosellourproduct.Millionsofpeoplecommunicatetodaythroughe-mailusingtheInternet.Inthepastpeoplewouldhaveface-to–facemeetingsorcalloneanotheronthephone;todaytheyusee-mailandchatrooms.Itisobviouslynecessarytobeabletoreadandwriteinordertoparticipateinthistechnologicalrevolution.Today,onecansubscribetonewsandinformationservicesontheNet.Whenyouturnonyourcomputerinthemorning,youaregiventheheadlines,financialnews,sportsscores,orsocialeventsthatyourequested.Thenewsfromtelevisionorradio—asmanystilldo.Yet,gettingyournewsfromtheInternetismoreefficientsincethenewsistailoredtoyourspecificinterests.E-commercealsodemandsthatpeoplebeabletowriteandread.Ofcourse,thepeoplewhodesignwebretailwhosites,mustbeabletoexpressthemselvesclearlyinwriting.Thepotentialcustomersmustbeabletoreadtheproductdescriptions.Inthepast,peoplewouldgointostores(asmanystilldo)andpointtoobjectsthattheywouldliketobuy.

38Thisphysicalapproachtoshoppingdoesnotrequireanyspeciallanguageskills.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第7／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43TheInternetwillforceusalltobeliteratenotonlyinreadingandwriting,butalsowithcomputers.Today,wemustbeskilledreadersandwriterstobesuccessfulinthehightechworld.135EXPeopledomanydifferentthingstostayhealthy.Whatdoyoudoforgoodhealth?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ourhealthyistheonlythingswereallyhaveintheworld.Youcantakeawayourmoney,ourhouse,orourclothesandwecansurvive.Takeawayourhealthandwewilldie.ThatiswhyIeathealthfully,exerciseregularly,andkeepupmysociallife.Eatinghealthfullyisimportanttomaintainone’shealth.ItrytoavoidfoodshighinfatlikeFrenchfriesorcookies.IalsotrytolimittheamountofanimalproteinIconsume.InevereatmorethanafewouncesoffishorchickenadayandIrarelyeatmeat.Ieatalotofvegetablesandfreshfruitwhicharefulloffiberandvitamins.Itisimportanttoknowhowtocookthesefoodssothenutrientsarenotlostinthecookingprocess.Yourmusclesmustcontinuetobestrongtosupportyourbodyasitgrowsolder.Exercisehelpsthebonesbuilddensityandhelpsyoumaintainyourposture.Aregularexerciseprogramofcardiovasculartrainingandweighttrainingisanimportantpartofkeepingyouhealthy.Friendsareanimportantpartofone’shealth.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithawiderangeofsocialcontactsgetfewercoldsandhavefewercomplaintsthanthosewhodon’t.Laughingisalsoanimportantpartofhealth.IliketolaughwithmyfriendsandIalwaysfeelbetterwhenIamwiththemthanwhenIamalone.Byeatingproperlyandexerciseregularly,Icankeepmybodyatanappropriateweightandcanmaintainmyhealth.Byspendingtimewithmyfriends,Icankeepmymindaswellasmybodyhappy.It’sallpartofmyrecipeforhealthfulliving.136EXYouhavedecidedtogiveseveralhoursofyourtimeeachmonthtoimprovethecommunitywhereyoulive.Whatisonethingyouwilldotoimproveyourcommunity?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.Volunteeringafewhourseachweektosomecommunityactivityisanimportantwayofinvestinginthefutureofoursociety.Ichosetospendmytimeworkingwithelementaryschoolchildrenhelpingthemtolearntoread.Developinggoodreadingskillswillhelpthesestudentskeepupwiththeirclassmates,opennewworldstothem,andhelpthemsucceedinlife.Studentswhoarenotgoodreaderscannotkeepupwiththeirstudies.Theywillnotunderstandthelessons;theywillcometoschoolunprepared;theywillnotbeabletoperform.Bylearningtoread,studentswillbeonequalfootingwiththeirclassmates.Theywillbeactiveparticipantsinclass.Booksondifferentlifestyles,occupations,cultures,orgovernmentswillopennewdoorstostudents.Studentswhocan’treadwillonlyknowwhattheyseearoundthem.Studentswhocanreadwillbeabletotraveltonewworldsandexperiencenewideaswithouteverleavingtheirclassrooms.Today,apersonwhocan’treadisseverelyhandicapped.Anon-readerwillhavetoworkatthemostmenialjobs.Readers,especiallygoodreaders,havethewholeuniverseopentothem.Theywillhavethepossibilitytolearnanyjobthatintereststhem.Byvolunteeringtohelpanelementaryschoolchildlearntoread,Iamhelpinghimorhernotonlytoday,butfortherestofhisorherlife.Iamhelpingthemkeeppacewiththeirpeersandexploretheworldandthemselvesthroughbooks.137MAYourschoolhasenoughmoneytopurchaseeithercomputersforstudentsorbooksforthelibrary.Whichshouldyourschoolchoosetobuy—computersorbooks?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourrecommendation.Ourschoolhasbeengivenagranttomakenecessaryimprovementstoitsfacilities.Wecanspenditonnewbooksforthehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第8／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43libraryoronmorecomputers.Ourschoolalreadyhasbooksinitslibraryanditalreadyhascomputers.Sincewehavemorebooksthancomputers,Ithinkthatnewcomputerswillbenefitthestudentmore.Computerscanaccessup-to–dateinformationontheInternet.Rightnow,thereferencebooksinourlibraryareveryoutdated.Ourencyclopediasetiseightyearsold.Butifeverystudenthadaccesstoacomputer,weallcouldhavethelatestfactsandfiguresoneverything.Unfortunately,givingeverystudentacomputermeansweneedalotofcomputers.Rightnow,theratioofcomputerstostudentsisonetotwelve.Thismeansstudentsonlygettoworkonthecomputersthreeorfourtimesaweek.Butifeverystudenthadacomputer,wecoulduseitwheneverwewanted.“Informationondemand”shouldbeourslogan.Studentstodayneedlotsofinformationrightaway.Lifegoesbytooquicklytowait.Ittakesforevertoidentifyabookthatyouthinkmighthavetheinformationyouneed.Thenyouhavetogotothelibraryandlookforthebook.Usuallyit’snoteventhere.Withacomputer,informationsearchesareinstantaneous.Ifweallhadcomputers,wecouldaccessmoreinformationandaccessitfasterbycomputer.Wecouldhavealltheinformationweneededforourschoolwork.Wecouldallimproveourgrades.Forthesereasons,Ifeelthatpurchasingmorecomputerswillbenefitusmorethanbuyingmorebooks.138MAManystudentschoosetoattendschoolsoruniversitiesoutsidetheirhomecountries.Whydosomestudentabroad?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouranswer.Althoughstudentscangetagoodeducationinmostsubjectsattheirhomeuniversities,itisimportanttostudyabroadforsomeorpartofone’scollegeeducation.Studyabroadcangiveastudentcompetencyinanewlanguage,familiaritywithadifferentculture,andachancetogrowindifferentways.Onecannotdenythatitisimportanttobebilingualorevenmultilingualintoday’sfast-pacedworld.WehaveaglobaleconomyandcommunicationbyInternetandsatelliteTVmeanswemustbefamiliarwithotherlanguagesinordertokeepupwithnewdevelopments.Knowinganothercultureisalsoimportanttoday.Respectforotherpeopleandtheirtraditionswillfostercooperationandpeace.Weshouldalldoourparttomakesuretheworldissafeforourchildren.Itwillonlybesafeifweunderstandandrespectotherpeopleandtheirculture.Whenweareoutofourenvironment,wefeelfreertoexperimentwithdifferentwaysofdoingthings.Weareallindividualsandweneedtimetobeonourown,awayfromourcomfortablenests.Wemaytrydifferent

39thingsandrejectthem.Wemightalsoadoptthem.Peoplecanchangeanditiseasiertochangewhenyouareawayfromyourfamilysurroundings.Studyabroadcanbeenriching.Notonlycanwelearnanewlanguage,understandmoreaboutadifferentculture,butwecanlearnmoreaboutourselvestoo.Atthesametime,ofcourse,wearegettinganeducationintheformalsense.139EXPeoplelistentomusicfordifferentreasonsandatdifferenttimes.Whyismusicimportanttomanypeople?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Musicseemstobeanaturalneedforpeople.I’vereadthatfromancienttimeshumanbeingshaveproducedsoundsfrom“instrument”likerocksorskinsstretchedoverawoodenframe.Musicissomethingmostpeoplewantandneed.Ithinkit’simportantbecauseitcanbeamajorpartofbothcommunityandindividualexperience.Musicisawayofsharingacommonbondorfeeling.Whenwe’rechildren,welearnverysimplesongscallednurseryrhymes.Thesesongshelpmakeuspartofourculturebytellinguswhat’sacceptableandwhat’snot.Weplayandsingmusicinourreligiousceremoniesbecauseitenhancestheworshipexperience.Weplaymusicwhenwe’regoingtowarhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第9／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43orcelebratingthefactthatwe’rewonawar.Wehavenationalanthemstoshareourloveandprideforourparticularcountry.Wehavemusicweplayforourschool,andmusicweplayforourathleticteam.Infact,musichasbecomeabigpartofathleticgames.Weuseittotaunttheotherteamaswellascelebratewhenpointsarescoredforourteam.Musicisalsoamajorpartofindividualexperiences.Whenwefallinlove,musicisusuallyapartofthatexperience.Peopletalkabouthaving“oursong.”Thatmeansthesongthatwasplayingwhentheymetorasongtheybothlikedwhentheyfellinlove.Whenwegetmarried,weplaymusicbeforeandafterandsometimesduringtheceremony.Itexpresseshowwefeel.Weplaymusictocalmournervesortostimulateourselvestogetonwithatask.Wealsoplaymusicforthesimpleenjoymentoflisteningtothesounds.Musicisspecialtousbecauseitexpressesourconnectionwithourculture,andbecauseitenhanceourindividualexperiences.Nothingelseseemstocaptureourfeelingsquitesowell.140EXGroupsororganizationsareanimportantpartofsomepeople’slives.Whyaregroupsororganizationsimportanttopeople?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.Groupsororganizationsareanimportantpartofourlifebecausewearesocialpeople.Weliketogettogetherwithpeoplewhoseattitudesandbeliefsarelikeours.Themostimportantgroupsforusareourfamilies,ourreligiousorganizations,andourpoliticalorganizations.Ourfamiliesareobviouslyourmostimportantgroup.Youwillneverfindthephysicalandemotionalsupportfromanyothergroupthatyouwillfindinyourfamily.Yourfamilyispartofyou;youaretiedtothembyblood.Theywillalwaysbethereforyou.Similarlyourreligiousorganizationscanprovidecomfortforusintimesofstress.Whenwearewithpeoplewhohavethesamebeliefs,wefeelbetter.Ourbeliefsarebasedontradition.Thesebeliefshavebeentestedovertime.Thesebeliefstellushowtorespondandhowtoact.Ourpoliticalorganizationschangeaswechange.Someyearswemayfeelconservative;otheryearswemayfeelmoreliberal.Whateverourpoliticalphilosophy,wecanfindapoliticalorganizationthatmatchesourthinkingatthemoment.Thosepoliticalorganizationshelpusbeapartofthelargercommunity.Whetherthegroupistightlyknitlikeafamily,spirituallikereligion,orsecularlikepolitics,theyallserveafunctioninourlife.Theyallhelpusfeelasifwebelong.141MAImaginethatyouarepreparingforatrip.Youplantobeawayfromyourhomeforayear.Inadditiontoclothingandpersonalcareitems,youcantakeoneadditionalthing.Whatwouldyoutakeandwhy?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.IfIweretoleavemyhomeforayear,thereisonethingIdefinitelywouldtakewithme:mycellphone.Withmycellphone,IcouldcallmyfriendsorfamilyifIeverwaslonely,neededadvice,orjustwantedtotalk.IfIwereawayfromhomeforayear,Iwouldbeverylonely,especiallyinthebeginningbeforeImadefriends.IfIcouldcallmymotherandfather,IwouldheartheirfamiliarvoicesandIwouldnotfeelsolonely.Hearingmyfriends’voiceswouldalsohelpmeovercomemysadness.I’veneverbeenonmyownsotherearemanythingsIamnotfamiliarwith.I’veneveropenedabankaccount,gotadriver’slicense,ormademyownfood.IfIhadtocookchickenorsomething,Icouldcallupmymotherandshecouldhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第10／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43tellmehowtomakedinner.Sometimes,Imayjustwanttotalkinmyownlanguage.Withmycellphone,Icouldcallmyfriendsandtellthemaboutmynewlife.Thiswouldmakethemjealousofme.IwouldcallthemalotsotheycouldhearallthewonderfulthingsIamdoing.Formeacellphoneisanecessity.IwouldneeditanytimeIwaslonely,anytimeIneededtodosomethingIdidn’tknowhowtodo,andanytimeIjustwantedtotalk.Ofcourse,thephonebillwillbesenttomyparents.142MAWhenstudentsmovetoanewschool,theysometimesfaceproblems.Howcanschoolshelpthesestudentswiththeirproblems?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.Studentsmovingintoanewcommunityandattendinganewschoolcanfacealotofproblems.Theirbiggestworryisusuallyfittingin.Theschoolcounselor,theschool’sadministrationandthestudents’teacherscanallhelpthestudentscomethroughthisexperiencesuccessfully.Theycanengageotherstudentstobecomeinvolvedwiththenewstudents,too.Newstudentsinaschoolneedtofeellikepartoftheschoolcommunityasquicklyaspossible.Aschooladministratorshouldbeginbygivingstudentsacompleteorientationtotheirnewschool.Theyshouldtakethemonatouroftheschoolandshowthemtheclassrooms,gym,computerlab,bandroom,andcafeteria.Theyshouldtellthemaboutthehistoryof

40theschool,itsacademicachievements,anditsathleticanddebatingteams.Theadministratorcantalktothestudentsaboutwhat’sexpectedofthemintheclassroomandwhatrulestheschoolhas.Theschoolcounselorshouldtalktothestudentswhatthey’remostinterestedinstudying.Iftheseareolderstudents,thecounselorcanaskthemaboutcareerinterests.Iftheseareyoungerstudents,thecounselorcanaskthemabouttheirfavoritesubjectsattheiroldschool.Thecounselorcantellthestudentsaboutalltheextracurricularactivitiesthereareattheschool.Forexample,theschoolmightofferthingslikesports,art,music,andworkingonaschoolnewspaper.Theteachershavethemostimportantjobwhenitcomestonewstudents.It’suptothemtohelpthestudentsmeetotherstudentsinclass.Theycanalsohelpthemlearnhowclassesareconductedintheirnewschool.Theycanencourageotherstudentstomakefriendswithnewpeopleandhelpthemlearnthesystem.Sincethey’rewiththestudentsthemost,theycankeepaneyeonthemandmakesurethey’readaptingwell.Boththeadultsandtheotherstudentsneedtohelpnewstudentsfeelapartoftheirnewschool.It’snoteasy,butitpaysoffwithhappier,moresuccessfulstudentsintheend.143ADItissometimessaidthatborrowingmoneyfromafriendcanharmordamagethefriendship.Doyouagree?Whyorwhynot?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestoyouranswer.Idon’tthinkit’saverygoodideatoborrowmoneyfromafriend.Itcancauseresentmentandawkwardnessintherelationship.Howdoyouapproachyourfriendwithoutmakinghimfeelhehastodothisforyou?It’sunlikelyhe’llfeelasifhecanturnyoudown.Canbeturnyoudownwithoutinsultingyou?Probablynot.Howdoyouknowwhetheryourfriendcanaffordtolendyouthemoney?Hemaybeembarrassedtoadmithe’salittleshortoffundshimself.Orhemightnotwanttodisappointyou.Sohelendsyouthemoneyandthenheneedsmoney,too.There’salsothequestionofwhenyou’llpaybacktheloan.It’sawkwardforyourfriendtoaskforadeadlineforrepayment.Besides,ifyou’reshortoffunds,youmaynotbeabletopredictwhenyou’llpayhimback.Whataboutinterestontheloan?Ifit’sasmallamountofmoney,thisdoesn’tmatter.However,iflargefundsareinvolved,andyouwon’tbepayingitbackforawhile,shouldyouoffertopayinterest?Shouldyourfriendaskyoutopayinterest?Alltheseissuescanresultinhurtfeelingsandcanharmthefriendship.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第11／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43It’spossible,ofcourse,thatifyouborrowmoneyfromafriendandpayitbackinatimelyfashion,thiswillcreateaspecialbondbetweenthetwoofyou.You’llknowthatyoucancountonyourfriendwhenyouneedhelp.He’llknowyou’retrustworthy.However,moreoftenthannot,moneyissuesbetweenfriendsareanembarrassment.Ifyouneedmoney,it’sbettertogotoabankforaloan.144EXEverygenerationofpeopleisdifferentinimportantways.Howisyourgenerationdifferentfromyourparents’generation?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.Theprincipaldifferencesbetweenmygenerationandmyparents’generationareinhowtheyrelatetoothers.Mygenerationismoretolerantofotherpeople’schoices,lessconcernedaboutwhatothersthink,andmoreself-centered.Myparents’generationhasstricterstandardsaboutwhatkindsofbehaviorareacceptable.Theysometimeshaveahardtimeacceptingthefactthatotherpeoplemayhavedifferentideasaboutwhat’srightandwhat’swrong.Mygenerationthinkspeopleshouldhavealotofchoices.Forexample,theychoosewhomtheywanttolivewith,whetherornottohavechildren,whetherornottopracticeaparticularreligion,andwhattodoforaliving.Myparents’generationismuchmoreconcernedaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofthem.Manygrewupintightlyknitcommunitieswherepeoplekneweachother’sfamilies.Fillinginmeantthatyouhadtoactacertainway.Manyofmygenerationgrewupinlooselyknitcommunities,whereweonlyknewaboutourclosestneighbors.Wedidn’tcarewhattherestofthecommunitythoughtofus.Also,wewereaveryrebelliousgenerationandoftendidthingjusttoshockpeople.Whereverwegrewup,mostofmygenerationdidn’thavetoworryabouthavingenoughtoeatoraroofoverourheads.Myparents’generationdid.TheygrewupduringtheGreatDepression,whenmanypeoplewerepoor.Forthisreason,myparentsdidn’thavetimetoanalyzetheirfeelingsorthinkabouttheirinnerselves.Theyweretoobusytryingtogetby.Childrenofmygenerationwerewelltakencareofbytheirparents.Becauseofthat,wehadtimetothinkaboutourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.Asadults,manyofushavecontinuedtobeself-absorbed.Wejoinhealthclubstobeprefectinbodyandgointotherapytobeperfectinmind.WhenIthinkaboutouractions,itseemsthatmyparents’generationismore“outer”directedandmygenerationismore“innerdirected.”145.Somestudentslikeclasseswhereteacherslecture(doallofthetalking)inclass.Otherstudentspreferclasseswherethestudentsdosomeofthetalking.Whichtypeofclassdoyouprefer?Givespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Inmycountry,thelecturesystemisthemostcommonsystem.ItistheoneIpreferforthreereasons:Iamusedtthelecturesystem;itisanefficientsystem;Iamtooshytotalkinclass.Allmylife,Ihavelistenedtoteachers.Theycomeintotheroom,opentheirbooks,andstarttolecture.Westudentssitquietlyatourdesksandtakenotes.Weneveraskquestionsbecausewedon’twanttoseemstupid.Attheendofthecourse,wearegivenatest.Ifwecanrepeatonthetestwhattheteachersaidinclass,wewillgetagoodgrade.Thelecturesystemisanefficientone.Teteacheristheonewhoknowsthesubject,notthestudents.Itisawasteoftimelisteningtoastudent’sideas.Whatgoodwillthatdoesme?Timeisshort.Iwanttheteachertogivemeasmuchinformationasheorshecanduringtheclassperiod.Evenifwecouldtalkinclass,Iwouldneveropenmymouth.Iammuchtooshy.Iwouldbeafraidthe

41otherstudentswouldlaughatmeandmakefunofmyideas.Iprefertolistentotheteacherandmemorizetheteacher’sideas.IhopeIcanalwaysstudyinaschoolwheretheyusethelecturesystem.Ithinkitisbettertocontinuewithwhatoneisusedto.IalsothinkthatthereisalotofinformationthatImustlearninthemostefficientmannerpossible.Iwouldn’twanttohttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第12／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43interruptateacherwithmyfoolishquestions.146.Holidayshonorpeopleorevents.Ifyoucouldcreateanewholiday,whatpersonoreventwouldithonorandhowwouldyouwantpeopletocelebrateit?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.October24isUnionNationsDay.Thisdayisnotedinthecalendars,butnotobservedasaholidayaroundtheworld.IwanttheentireworldtocelebratethebirthoftheUnitedNationsbecauseofitsattemptstopromotepeace,education,andhealtharoundtheworld.Peaceisthemostimportantthingthatwecanhavetoday.Thesoonerthatwecanstopwarthesoonerwecanallhavebetterlives.Therearecountriesaroundtheworldthathavebeenatwarforgenerations.Insomeofthesecountries,UNPeacekeepershavetemporarilystoppedtheviolencesopeoplecangoabouttheirlives.Ifthispeacecouldbemadelasting,thelivesofthesecitizenswouldbemuchricher.TheUNactivelyworkstopromoteeducation.Universalliteracyisoneofitsimportantgoals.Everychildintheworlddeservestoknowhowtoreadandwrite.TheUNisalsoinvolvedinjobtrainingforadults.Theageofinformationtechnologydemandsnewjobskills.TheUNworkswithcontinuingeducationprogramsaroundtheworldsoworkersarenotleftoutofthejobmarket.TheUNhasplayedaninstrumentalroleintheeradicationofsmallpox.PoliovaccinesandAIDS-awarenessprogramshavealsohelpedreducetheincidenceofthesediseases.Thereisalottobedoneintheseareas.MuchoftheworkoftheUNisunknownandunderappreciated.Ifwewanttoliveinapeacefulworld,whereeverychildcanattendschoolandwhereeverycitizenhasaccesstohealthcare,weneedtosupporttheworkoftheUN.Weneedtorecognizeitsimportanceandcelebrateitsbirthday.147.Afriendofyourshasreceivedsomemoneyandplanstouseallofiteither#togoonavacation#tobuyacar.Yourfriendhasaskedyouforadvice.Compareyourfriend’stwochoicesandexplainwhichoneyouthinkyourfriendshouldchoose.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Tryingtodecidehowtouseyourmoneyisalwaystough.Shouldyouuseyourmoneytobuyacarorgoonavacation?Bothaffordlastingpleasure,butofaverydifferentkind.Fromavacationyougetthepleasureofdoingwonderfulthingsandoftotallyrelaxingandenjoyingyourself.Thememoriesyoubringhomewithyoucangiveyouthatsamepleasureagaineverytimeyouthinkofthem.Acaralsogivesyoupleasure,everytimeyoudriveit.There’sthepleasureofnothavingtodependonpublictransportation.Youcangoplacesoffthebeatentrack,wherepublictransportationdoesn’tgo.Thereisalsothepleasureofbeingindependent.Youareabletogoanywhereyourcarcantakeyou,withoutdependingonothers.Avacationgivesyoutheopportunitytolearnnewthingsandmeetnewandinterestingpeople.However,it’sonlyforashortperiodoftime.Acargivesyouthesameopportunitiesonasmallerlevel,butonamoreregularbasis.Withacar,youcangosomeplaceneweveryweekend.Youcanalsojoinacarpool.Thatwayyoucansharetravelexpenseswiththenewpeopleyoumeet.Somepeoplemightsaythatspendingyourmoneyonavacationinsteadofonacarisbeingimpractical.Butnothingisassatisfyingasareallygoodvacation.It’smentallyandphysicallyhealthy.Itgivesyouachancetogetawayfromallthatishttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第13／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43familiartoyouandseetheworldfromanewperspective.Itletsyoudonothingbutplay,thewayyoudidwhenyouwereachild.Beingabletoplay,evenforashortperiodoftime,isabsolutelynecessaryforeveryone’smentalhealth.Iwouldchoosethevacation,becausewealldeservetoindulgeourselvessometime.148.The21stcenturyhasbegun.Whatchangesdoyouthinkthisnewcenturywillbring?Useexamplesanddetailsinyouranswer.Nowthatweareinanewmillennium,wecanassumetherewillbechangesintheworld.Ipredictthatthechangeswillbeintheareasofinformationdissemination,globalalliances,andfamilystructure.Inthepastdecades,thecomputerwasresponsibleforchangingthewayinformationwasorganized.Now,thecomputerplustheInternetischangingthewayinformationisspread.Informationwillnowbeuniversallyavailabletoanyonewithacomputer.Youwillnothavetogotolibrariestodoresearch;youwillnothavetotraveltovisitscholars;youwillnothavetogotoabookstoretobuyabook.Youcandoallofthisfromyourhomeonthecomputer.Inthepastdecades,thenationsoftheworldalignedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,theformerSovietUnion,orwithoneanotherinaloosealliance.Inthefuturetheseallianceswillbemorefluid.Somecountrieswillalignpoliticallywithonecountry,buteconomicallywithanother.Somecountrieswillsharetechnologyandotherinformation,butwillnottradetogether.Somecountries,whichhavelongbeenenemies,willalignmilitarilyforregionalsecurity.Thefamilystructurewillnotbebasedonamother/father/childpattern.Singleparentfamilieswillbemorecommonandoftenthechildwillnotbeabiologicalchildofthesingleparent,butwillbeadopted.Otherfamilystructureslikedomesticpartnershipswillbecomemoreaccepted.Whateverthechangesmaybe,whetherinthewaywereceiveinformation,thewaynationsalignwithoneanother,orthewayfamilyunitsaredefined,youcanbesurethattherewillbemorechange.Changeisaconstant.149.Whataresomeofthequalitiesofagoodparent.Usespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.

42Iamfortunatetohavegoodparentssoitiseasyformetoidentifythequalitiesthatmakethemgood.Thesequalitiesareunconditionallove,trust,andrespectformeandmybrothersandsisters.Allmothersandfatherslovetheirchildren.Theynurturethemandkeepthemfromharm.Butnotallloveisunconditional.Someparentswouldnotlovetheirchildreniftheymarriedsomeoneofadifferentreligionorfromadifferentethnicgroup.Someparentswouldnotlovetheirchildreniftheywereofadifferentsexualorientation.Myparentswon’t.Myparentswouldloveusregardlessofwhomwemarriedorwhomwechosetolove.Partofunconditionalloveistrust.Myparentstrustustodowhatisright.Theyknowwewouldneverdoanythingtohurtthemortodisgracethem.Theytrustussowetrustthem.Weareconfidentthattheywouldneverdoanythingtohurtus.Becauseourparentsloveus,theyalsorespectus.Theytreatusasindividuals.Theyacceptourdifferences.Theydonotexpectustobelikethem.Theywantustobeourownpersons.Theywantustomakeourownwayintheworld,notfollowintheirfootsteps.Withouttheirlove,IwouldnotbeasconfidentasIam.Withouttheirtrust,IwouldnotbefreetodowhatIwant.Withouttheirrespect,Iwouldnotfeelcomfortablebeingonmyown.Allchildrenshouldhavesuchwonderfulparents.150.Moviesarepopularallovertheworld.Explainwhymoviesaresopopular.Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.Moviesarepopularbecausepeoplearegreatwatchers.Theyliketowatchotherpeoples’lives.Theyliketolivehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第14／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43vicariously.Bygoingtomovies,wecanescapeourownlives,shareotheremotions,andimagineourselvesassomeoneelse.Manyofourlivesarenotasadventurousorglamorousasthelivesinmovies.Wedonotbattleevilalldaylongandthengobacktoourluxuriouspenthouseapartment.Wejustgotoschool,doourhomework,et,talktoourfriends,andsleep.Weneedalittleexcitementinourlivesandwefindexcitementatthemovies.Humansareveryemotionalpeople.Weallliketocryandlaugh.Fortunately,thereisnotmuchtocryaboutinmylifesoIliketogotosadmovieswheremyheartstringscanbetugged.IalsoliketogotocomediessoIcanlaugh.ItendtocryandlaughmoreinadarkmovietheaterthanIdoinbroaddaylight.NowIamastudent,butIknowsomedayIwillbeascientistorapoliticianorafamousmodel.WhenIgotothemovies,Icanseemyrolemodels.Iseehowtheyact,whattheywear,howtheytalk.IcanpreparemyselfforthedaywhenIwillbelikethem.Eventhoughmylifeisquiet,Icangotothemoviesandwatchsomeoneelse’slife.Icansharetheiremotionsandtheireverydaylife.Iwonderiftheywouldliketosharemine.151.PR:Inyourcountry,istheremoreneedforlandtobeleftinitsnaturalconditionoristheremoreneedforlandtobedevelopedforhousingandindustry?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Eventhoughourpopulationisincreasingandlandisneededforhousinganddevelopment.Iwouldhopethatourcountrycouldsavethelandinitsnaturalstateforfuturegenerationstoenjoy.Thislandwouldbegoodforpromotingtourism,forpreservingtheenvironment,andforrememberingourhistory.Althoughtourismhasmanynegativesideeffects,itisanindustrythatcancreateenormousrevenues.Tourismofcourseneedssomethingtosee.Theywouldnotcometoourcountrytoseerowsofapartmentbuildingsornewindustrialparks.Whatisinterestingfortouristsisthepristinecountrysidethatourcountryisknownfor.Preservingthelandasitis,wouldbegoodfortheenvironment.Morefactoriesandotherindustrieswouldfurtherpolluteourriversandair.Weneedfreesandwideopenspacestomakeusfeellikehumans,notmachines.Untouchedlandremindsusofourhistory.Whenwewalkthroughthecountryside,wecanimagineourancestorsonthesamepath.Ifwecovertheearthwithasphaltandconcrete,wewillloosetouchwithourpast.Wewillforgetourroots.Preservingthelandisgoodnotonlyfortheeconomyandenvironment,itisgoodforusascitizensofoursoil.Wemustpreservewhatlittlewehaveleft.Canweaffordnotto?152ADManypeoplehaveacloserelationshipwiththeirpets.Thesepeopletreattheirbirds,cats,orotheranimalsasmembersoftheirfamily.Inyouropinion,aresuchrelationshipsgood?Whyorwhynot?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ithinkbeingveryclosetoapetcanbebothapositiveandanegativething.Healthprofessionalshaveconcludedthathavingapetisveryhealthyforeveryone.Peoplewhohaveheartdiseaseorsimilarhealthproblemsareoftenurgedtogetapetbecauseitcanloweryourbloodpressure.However,somepeoplegetanxiousabouttheirpets.Ifyoualwaysworryaboutthepetgettinglostornotgettingtherightfoodtoeat,thenthatisn’thealthyforyou.Manypetsareverylovingandit’seasytolovethemback.Somepeople,though,gooverboard.Theytreattheirpetslikeoneofthefamily.Sometimestheyevensetaplaceforthematthetableorgivethemtheirownroomsinthehouse.Theytreatthemasiftheywerechildren.Somepetsare,infact,substitutesforchildren.Peopleneedtokeeptheirperspectiveabouttheirpets.Dressingapetupinclotheslikeachildisnotemotionallyhealthy.Petsareanimalsandgetconfusedifyouexpectthemtoactlikehumanbeings.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第15／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43Therearenowstoresdevotedentirelytopets.Theysellpetfood,pettoys,petclothes,pethomes.Petsshouldbegivenappropriatefood,andtheyshouldhaveafewtoys,sincetheyneedsomeenjoymentjustlikehumansdo.However,somepetownersspendhundredsofdollarsonsuppliesfortheirpets.Therearechildrenintheworldwhodon’thaveclothesorfoodortoys.Itwouldbebettertogivesomeofthatmoneytocharity.Feelingclosetoyourpetcanbeverysatisfyingandhealthy,aslongasyoudon’toverdoit.

43153.EXFilmscantellusalotaboutthecountrywheretheyweremade.Whathaveyoulearnedaboutacountryfromwatchingitsmovies?Usespecificexamplesanddetailstosupportyourresponse.Doyoueverwatchmoviesfromothercountries?WheneverIdo,Ithinkabouthowsimilarpeoplereallyareallaroundtheworld.Eventhoughtheculturesandlanguagesinthosemoviesaredifferentfrommine,peopleallaroundtheworldarealikeintheirgoalsandemotions.Onetime,Isawamoviemadeinchinathatshowedparentshelpingtheirchildrenwiththeirhomework..Myparentshelpedmethesameway.AnothertimeIsawamoviefromArgentina.Itshowedschoolchildrenplayinghideandseek,whichisagameIusedtoplaywithmyfriendsduringrecess.Seeingthesefilmsdemonstratedtomethateducationisacommongoalineverycountry.Parentswanttheirchildrentolearnsotheirliveswillimprove.Italsoshowedmethatchildreninschoolseverywherewantstoplaywiththeirfriends.Sometimesthegamesaresimilartooursandsometimesthey’redifferent.Still,theyallhavethecommonpurposeoffunandlearningtoworktogether.Earningalivingisanothercommongoal.I’veoftenseenthatinmoviesaboutothercountries.Insomecountries,peoplechoosetheircareersfromwhattheylikeandaregoodat.Inothercountries,careersarechosenforthemfollowingthetraditionsoftheirfamilies.Butineverycountryitseemsthatpeoplecareagreatdealaboutearningaliving,andworkinghardisrespected.Showingpeoplehavingfuntogetherisalwaysanimportantpartofanymovies,nomatterwhatcountryitcomesfrom.Peopleeverywherewanttobeentertained,andwanttospendtimewiththeirfamiliesandfriends.Differentculturessometimesenjoydifferentactivities,butallculturesenjoysomeformofsports,musicanddancing.ThemoviesI’veseenmakeitcleartomethatnomattertheculturaldifferencesbetweencountries,peopleeverywherehavethesamebasicneedsandgoals.154.PRSomestudentsprefertostudyalone.Othersprefertostudywithagroupofstudents.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Studyhabitsareaveryindividualthing.Somepeopleliketostudyalone,whileothersliketostudywithagroup.Personally,Iwouldratherstudyalone,butIcanseeadvantagestobothways.Itcanbeveryhelpfultostudywithotherstudents.Foronething,youcanexchangeinformationaboutthetopic.Noteveryoneisgoingtoheareverythingtheteachersaysinclass.Comparingnotesisagoodwaytobesureyougetwhatyoumissed.Youcanalsodiscussvariousaspectsofthetopic.Otherstudentscanbringadifferentperspectivetothediscussion.Theycanpointoutthingsyoumaynothavethoughtof,andhelpyoumakeyourargumentsclearer.Studyingwithotherstudentscanalsohelpkeepyoufocusedonstudying.Ifyou’reinastudygroup,youhavetobeataparticularplacetostudyataparticulartime.Thisisgooddiscipline.Thegroupreviewsallthematerialavailableandthenbeginsstudying.There’snotalotofwastedtime,ifthingsworkthewaytheyshould.Ofcourse,itdoesn’thelpifyou’reinastudygroupthatdoesn’ttakestudyingseriously.Thenyou’dbemuchbetterofstudyingbyyourself.Ifyou’retryingtostudywithfriendsandalltheywanttodoistalkaboutotherthings,you’dgethttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=41（第16／18页）2009-1-21上午02:59:43moredonegoingsomewheretostudybyyourself.Beingwithpeoplewhodon’twanttostudycanmeanyou’llbeconstantlydistracted.There’llbealotofinterruptions,andyouwon’tgainmuchhearingtheypointsofviewonastudysubject.Finally,whetheryoustudyaloneorinagroupdependsalotonyourownstudyhabitsandonyourpersonality.Ifyouneedabsolutequiettostudy,thenyou’rebetteroffalone.Ifyou’reaverysocialperson,thenyou’rebetteroffstudyingalone,toyou’llbetootemptedtosocializeinsteadofstudying.ThisisthereasonIpreferstudyingalone.WhenI’mwithotherpeople,Iwanttoplay,Idon’twanttowork.155.MAYouhaveenoughmoneytopurchaseeitherahouseorabusiness.Whichwouldyouchoosetobuy?Givespecificreasonstoexplainyourchoice.IfIhadenoughmoneytobuyeitherahouseorabusiness,I’dbuyahouse.Abusinessmaysucceedorfail.It’salsopossibleImightchangemymindaboutwhatIwantedtodoinbusiness.However,ahomeisalifetimegifttomyself.RightnowI’minsmallapartment,withbarelyenoughroomforeverything.AllmyfurnitureandthingsI’veaccumulatedsinceIleftcollegebarelyfit.Ihavealmostnoclosetspaceleft.Thismeansmyclothesarealwayswrinkledbecausethey’recrushedtogether.Idon’thaveanyplacetoputmycleaningsupplies,norroomformorethanonesetofsheetsandtowels.Anewhousewouldmeanalotmoreroomforallthesethings.Ilovehavingplantsaround.It’sveryhealthyfortheairinsideandit’scheerfultohavelivingthingsgrowinginaroom.I’dliketohaveagardeninstead.ThatwayIcouldgrowalotofdifferentkindsofplantsandflowers,andIcouldhaveavegetablegardeninthesummer.Besideshavingagarden,I’dliketohaveabackyardwithlotsoftreesandasmallfountaininthecorner.Ilovewatchingbirdsandlisteningtothemsing.Onthewindowsillofmyapartment,Iputoutbirdseedeverymorning.Inthehotweather,Iputoutashallowtinplatewithwaterinitforbirds.Thetreesandthefountaininmybackyardwouldgibemepleasure,butthey’dreallybeforthebirds.Thetreeswouldgivethemaplacetonest,andthefountainwouldbeasourceoffreshwaterwhenit’shot.Canyoupicturemydreamhouse?Abusinesswouldonlygivememoney.Ahousewouldgivemesomeplacespecialtobemyself.推荐3000左右应该掌握的和考试中容易考察的词汇请输入关键字作者：本站来源：本站原创发布时间：2009-1-1818:07:37减小字体增大字体

44职称英语的词汇大纲中提供了约6000个词汇，在这里我们根据自己的经验向大家推荐3000左右应该掌握的和考试中容易考察的词汇，希望对大家最后的复习有所帮助。我们建议学员在这最后的时间里采用这样的词汇学习方法－－-知识点（考点）拓展复习法：举例如下：AA（anhonestman,auniversity,apieceofpaper/message/furniture）,abandon=giveup,ABC,abideby,abilitytodosth,beabletodosth,abnormal–normal,goaboard,studyabroad,abolish=cancel/doawaywith,talkabout,sitabout,aboveall,toputmoneyaboveeverything,abrupt=sudden/tough,absence=lack,beabsentfrom,absent-minded,absolute=complete,beabsorbedin,abstract/concrete,absurd=foolish,beabundantin=berichin,academic,accelerate=speedup,accept,acceptable,gain/haveaccessto,accessible=easilyobtained/approached,byaccident=bymistake,accomplish=finish/complete,inaccordancewith,accordingto,accountfor,onaccountof=becauseof/dueto,onnoaccount=innoway,takeintoaccount/consideration,accurate,accuse⋯of..=charge⋯with⋯,beaccustomedto,ache=pain/toothache,headache,get/catchaheadache/cold,achieve/meetone’sgoals,achievement（s）,acknowledge=admit,beacquaintedwith=befamiliarwith,acquire（knowledge,habit）,goacross,comeacross=meetunexpectedly,actupon,physicalactivities,actor/actress,actually=infact=inreality,acute/chronic,ad=advertisement,adapt/adopt,adapt..to..addupto,beaddictedto,inadditionto,additional=added,addresstheenvelop/addresstheaudience,adequate=enough/ample,adhereto,administer=control/manage,gainadmissionto,adopt（attitude）,adult,adulthood,inadvance,advance=promote,takeadvantageof,adventure=risk,adverse=harmful,apieceofadvice,advisable=wise,advise**.todosth,advocate=support,currentaffairs,affect/effect,affirm=assert,affordsth,beafraidof=fear,lookafter**.,intheafternoon,afterwards,againandagain,nowandagain=fromtimetotime,leanagainst,voteagainst,attheageof,age=getolder,agreeto**.agreewithsth.agreeable=pleasing,agriculture,aheadof,aid,aimat,aim=goal/target,byair,intheopenair,aircraft=plane=airplane,attheairport,alarm=frighten,alcohol,alert..to..,=warn⋯of/against⋯,alien=foreign,lookalike,keepalive,aboveall,afterall,allover,inall,allege=declare,state,alleviate=relieve,alliance=union,allied=united,allocate=distribute,allow=permit,almost=nearly,livealone,goalongthestreet,talkaloud,notonly⋯butalso⋯,/（Ilikeit,too./Ialsolikeit.）,alter=change,although/though,atanaltitudeof/attheheightof,altogether=inall,always=often,amazing=surprising,ambiguous=doubtful,uncertain,ambition,ambitious,amend=improve,America,American,amid=inthemiddleof,amongst=among,agreatamountofmoney,amplify=talkindetail,amuse=entertain,amusement/entertainment,analyze,analysis,ancestor,ancient,and,anger,angry,angle（fromtheangleof）,animal,animate/inspire,annoy,announce/declare,annual,another,answer（answertotheproblem,answerfor）,anticipate/foresee,antique,anxious（beanxiousabout）,any,anyone/anybody,anything,anywhere,apart（setapart,apartfrom）,apartment,apologize,apparently,apparent,appeal（appealto）,appear/seem,appetite/stomach,apple,apply（applyforajob,apply⋯to..）,appoint,appointment,appreciate,approach（+to）=method,approval,approve,approximate,April,apt（beapttodosth.）,aptitude/ability,architecture,area,argue（arguefor/against）,arise,arminarm/handinhand,army,around（allaround/allover）,arouse,arrange（ameeting）,arrest,arrival,arriveat/in,art,article,artist,as（consider⋯as,lookupon..as..,treat⋯as..,as/so⋯as..,asfor/to⋯,asif/though）,ascend/descend,ash,Asia,Asian,aside（asidefrom/apartfrom）,ask（askafter,askfor,ask**.todosth,）,asleep,aspect,assemble,assemblyline,assert,assess,asset,assign（assign**.todosth.）,assimilate,assist/aid,assistant,associate（associatesth.withsth.,associatewith）,association/committee,assume/suppose,assure/insure/ensure/sure,astonish,astronaut,at（begoodat,lookat,attheage/speed/rateof,athome）,atmosphere,attack,attach（beattachedto）,attempt,attend（ameeting/school/**.,attendto）,attendance/presence,attention（payattentionto）,attitude,attract,attractive,attribute（attribute⋯to⋯）,audit,August,Australia,Australian,authentic/real/reliable,author,authority/power,automate,automatic,automobile,autumn/fall,available,avenue/street/road,average（on（an,the）average,toaveragethreehoursofworkaday）,avoid,await=waitfor,awake=wakeup（awake=sleepless）,award,aware（beawareof..）,away（put..away,rightaway.）,awful/terrible,awkward（注意该词的几种词义）.Bbaby,back（backandforth,backup/support）,background,backwards,bacterium/bacteria,badly/very（hewasbadlydamaged.）,balance,ban/bar,banana,band,bank,bankrupt,barely/hardly,bargain（arealbargain）,base（bebasedon/upon）,basic/fundamental,battery,battle,B.C.be,beach,beam（abeamof）,bear（注意该词的几种词义）,bearing,beat,beautiful/beauty,because,become,gotobed,bee,beef,beer,before/after,beforehand/inadvance,beg/bag,begin/start（+doing/todosth.）,beginning,behalf（onbehalfof）,behavior/conduct,behind/infrontof,belief,believe（believein）,belong（belongto）,below/under/beneath,beneficial/favorable,benefit（forthebenefitof,benefitform）,beside/besides=inaddition,best（atbest/atleast；atonesbest,do/tryonesbest,makethebestof）,better（bebetteroff,hadbetterdosth）,between/among,beyond,bicycle,bid,big/great,bill（paythebill）,billion/million/trillion,biography,biological,bird,birth（givebirthto,bybirth）,birthday,bit（abitof,bitbybit）,bitter,black,blackboard,blame（blame**.forsth.）,blank,blanket,blend,blind,block（ablockofrock/ice/wood）,blood,bloody,bloom,blue,board（onboard）,boat,body,boil（boilup）,bold,bomb/blowup,bone,book（bookingoffice）,boom,boost/lift,border（borderon/upon）,boring/troublesome,born,borrow/lend,boss,both（both⋯and..）,bother/trouble,bottle,bottom,bound（beboundfor）,boundary,box,boxing,boy,boyfriend,brain,branch/department,brand,brave,breach/break,bread,break（breakawayfrom,breakdown,breakinto,breakout,breakoff,breakthrough,breakup）,breakdown/collapse,breakfast,breath（catchonesbreath,holdonesbreath,outofbreath）,breathe,breed/raise,bridge,brief（inbrief）,briefly,bright/clever/brilliant/intelligent,bring（bringabout,bringforward,bringup）,bring/take,Britain,British,broad,broadcast,brother,brush,budget,build,building,bulk/block,bullet,burden,burn（burnup）,burst（burstintotears/laughter）,bus,business,busy（bebusywith）,but/only（butfor）,buy,by（byair/railway/sea/plane/bus；passby,bytherule,aboxfivefeetbysixfeet,byandby）CCabin,cable,cafe,cake,calculate,calendar,call（call**.callfor,calloff/cancel；callon**.；callup）,calm（calmdown）,calm/still,camera,campaign/champagne/champion,campus,can/container,Canada,Canadian,cancer,candidate,cap,capability/ability,capable（becapableof）,capital,captain,car,carbon,card,cardinal/essential,care（careabout,takecareof）,career,careful,careless,carrier,carry（carryon,carryout）,cartoon,case（inanycase,inmostcases,incase,incaseof）,cash,cast/throw,casual,cat,catch（catchupwith,catchacold,catchattention）,cater（caterfor）,cause,cautious/careful,cease/stop,celebrate,cell,census,centennial,centigrade,central,center,century,

45certain,chain,chair/host,chairman,challenge,chance/opportunity（achancetodosth.；bychance,takea/thechance）,change,channel,character,characteristic（becharacteristicof）,charge（inthechargeof,takechargeof,charge..with..）,charming/attractive,cheap/expensive,cheat（cheat**.ofmoney）,check（checkin,checkup）,cheerful/pleasing,cheer（cheerup）,chemical/physical,chemistry,cherish（hope/dreams/friendship）,chief,child/children,childhood,childish,China/china,Chinese,choice,choose（choosesth.from/amongsth.）,Christmas,chronic,church,cigarette,cinema,circle,circuit,circular/round,circulate,circumstance（under/innocircumstances）,citizen,city,civil,claim,clash（clashwith,aclashofviews）,class/category,classic/classical,classroom,classmate,clean,clear（clearaway,clearup）,clerk,clever,client,climate,climax/top,climb（climbup/downthehill）,cling（clingto）,clinic,clock,clockwise,close/open（closedown,closeseason）,cloth/clothes/clothing,cloud,cloudy,club,clue/hint,clumsy/awkward,coach,coal,coarse/rough,coast（alongthecoast）,coat（coatthethroat）,code,coffee,coin,coincide（coincidewith）,cold（have/catchacold）,collar（white/blue/grey-collared）,colleague,collect/gather,collective,college/university,colonial,color,colorful,column,combat/fight,combine/combination,come（comeacross,comeout,comeup,comeupwith）,comfort,comfortable,command/control,comment（commenton）,commercial,commission,commit（mistakes/guilt）,commitment,commodities/goods,common/average（incommon）,communicate（communicatewith）,community,compact,companion,company/firm/concern/enterprise/corporation,comparative,compare（becomparedwith,becomparedto）,comparison（bycomparison）,compel/force,compensation,compensate,compete/contend（competewith/for）,competence/ability,competition,complain（complainabout）,complaint,complex/complicated,complicate,comply（complywith）,composition,component/part,comprehend/grasp,comprehension/understanding,comprehensive,comprise,compromise,compute/calculate,computer,comrade,conceal,conceive（anidea/aplan）,concentrate（concentrateonesattentionon..）,concentration/focus,concept,concern（asfaras⋯beconcerned,beconcernedabout）,concerning/about,concise/brief,conclude（thestudyconcludedthat⋯）,condemn/blame（violence）,condition（onconditionthat..）,conference/meeting,confess,confident,confidential/secret,confine（beconfinedto）,confirm,conflict/clash,conform（conformto/with）,confront（beconfrontedwith/befacedwith）,confuse,congress,connect（connect..with..）,conquer,conscious（beconsciousof）,consent（consentto/agreewith）,consequence/result（inconsequence）,consequently/therefore,conservative/conventional,consider⋯as⋯,considerable/considerate,consist（consistof,bemadeupof,becomposedof）,consistent,constant,constitute,constitution,construct,consult（consult（with）⋯about⋯）,consume,consumer/customer,consumption,contact（contact**.；bein/outofcontactwith⋯）,contain,contaminate,contemporary,contempt/lookdownon,contend/argue,content,continent,continue+doing,continuos,contract,contradict,contrary（contraryto,onthecontrary）,contrast（incontrastwith,contrastwith）,contribute（contributeto/leadto）,control（outofcontrol/underthecontrolof）,convenient,conversation,convert/change,convey/pass,convict（convict**.of..）,convince（convince⋯of..,beconvincedof..）,cook,cool,cooperate,cope（copewith/handle/dealwith）,copy,corn,corner,correct,cost（atthecostof）,costly/expansive,cotton,could,count（countin/out）,country,countryside,couple,courage,course（inthecourseof,ofcourse）,court,courteous/http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=43（第3／5页）2009-1-21上午03:00:09polite,cover（cover⋯with..）,coverage,craft,crash/clash,crazy/mad,create（abridge/aproblem）,creative,creature,credible/reliable,credit,crime,criminal,crisis,critic,critical/decisive/crucial,criticize,cross,crowd,crowded,cruel,cry,cultivate/plant,culture,cure,curious（becuriousabout）,currency,current,curtain,custom（theCustoms）,cut（cutacross,cutdown,cutin,cutoff,cutout）,cycle.因为时间有限，所以我们不能为学员把词汇一一的进行“考点展开”讲解，希望学员有时间能按照这个思路把重点的，基本的词汇进行展开复习，这样的复习一定会对我们最后的考试有所帮助（尤其是词汇题和完型填空题部分的解答）http://www.cdbroad.com。以下是推荐的基本的，重点的单词。DDaily,damage,damp,dance,danger,dangerous,dare,dark,data/datum,date,daughter,day,dead（注意该词既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，且含义不同），deadline,deadly（（注意该词既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，且含义不同）,deaf,deal,dean,dear,death,debate,debt,decade,deceit/cheat,December,decide,decision,decisive,declare,decrease,dedicate,deep/deeply,defeat,defect,defend,deficient,define,definite,defy,degree,delay,delete,deliberate,delicate,delicious,delighted,deliver,delivery,demand,demonstrate,dense,deny,department,departure,depend,dependent,depression,deprive,derive,descend,describe,desert（注意该词有两种词类，不同的词义），deserve,design,desire,desk,despite,destination,destroy,destruction,detail,detect,determine,develop,device,devise,devote,diagnose,diagnosis,dialogue,dictionary,die,diet,differ,difference,different,difficult,difficulty,dig,digest,digital,dilemma,diligent,dim,diminish,dinner,direct,direction,directly,director,dirt,dirty,disabled,disagree,disappear,disappointed,disaster,disc,discard,discipline,disclose,discourage,discover,discovery,discriminate,discuss,disease,dismiss,disorder,display,dispose,dispute,distance,distant,distinct,distinction,distinguish,distinguished,distract,distress,distribute,district,disturb,dive,diverse,divide,division,divorce,dizzy,do,doctor,document,dog,doll,dollar,domain,domestic,dominant,dominate,donate,door,dose,double,doubt,doubtful,down,downstairs,dozen,draft,drain,drainage,dramatic,draw,drawing,dreadful,dream,dress,drill,drink,drive,driver,drop,drought,drug,dry,due,dull,durable,during,dust,suty,dwell,dynamicEEach,eager,ear,early,earn,earnest,earnings,earth,earthquake,ease,easily,east,easy,eat,eccentric,economic/economical,economics,economy,edge,edit,educate,education,effect,effective,efficiency,efficient,effort,e.g.,egg,Egypt,eight,eighteen,eighth,eighty,either,elaborate,elderly,election,electric,electrical,electricity,electronic,elegant,element,elementary,elephant,eleven,eligible,eliminate,else,elsewhere,e-mail,embarrass,embody,embrace,emerge,emergency,emotion,emphasis,emphasize,employ,employee,employer,employment,empty,enable,encounter,encourage,end,endanger,endeavor,endow,endure,enemy,energy,enforce,engage,engine,engineer,engineering,England,English,enhance,enjoy,enjoyable,enlarge,enlighten,enormous,enough,Enquirer/inquire,enrich,enroll,ensure,enterenterprise,entertain,enthusiasm,enthusiastic,entire,entitle,entrance,envelope,environment,equal,equally,equip,equipment,equivalent,erect,error,escape,especially,essay,essence,essential,establish,estate,esteem,estimate,eternal,Europe,European,evaluate,eve,even,evening,event,eventually,ever,

46every,everybody,everyday,everyone,everything,everywhere,evidence,evident,evil,evoke,evolve,exact,exactly,exam,examine,example,exceed,excellent,except,exception,exchange,excite,excited,exciting,exclude,excuse,executive,exercise,exert,exhaust,exhaustive,exhibit,exhibition,exist,existence,exit,expand,expansion,expect,expenditure,expensive,experience,[本日：1本周：1本月：1总数：1][返回上一页][打印]http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=43（第4／5页）2009-1-21上午03:00:09推荐3000左右应该掌握的和考试中容易考察的词汇（二）请输入关键字作者：本站来源：本站原创发布时间：2009-1-1818:09:30减小字体增大字体experiment,expert,expire,explain,explode,exploit,exploitation,explosion,export,expose,express,expression,extend,extension,extensive,extent,external,extinct,extra,extract,extraordinary,extreme,extremely,eyeFFabric,face,facilitate,facility,fact,factor,factory,faculty,fail,failure,faint,fair,fairly,faith,faithful,fall,false,fame,familiar,family,famous,fan,fancy,fantastic,far,fare,farm,farmer,fascinate,fascinating,fashion,fashionable,fast,fasten,fat,fatal,father,fault,faulty,favor,favorable,favorite,fax,fear,feasible,feather,feature,February,federal,fee,feed,feel,feeling,fellow,female,fence,fertile,festival,fever,few,fiction,field,fierce,fifteen,fifty,fight,figure,file,fill,film,final,finally,financial,find,finding,fine（注意该词有两种词类，不同的词义）,finger,fireman,firm,firmly,first,fish,fir,five,flat,flavor,flee,flexible,flight,float,flood,floor,flourish,flow,flower,flu,fluctuate,fluent,fluid,fly,focus,fog,follow,following,fond,food,foolish,foot,football,for,forbid,force,forecast,foreign,foreigner,foresee,forest,forever,forget,fork,form,formal,format,former,forth,fortunate,fortune,forty,forward,fossil,foster,found,foundation,four,fourteen,fourth,frame,France,frank,free,freedom,freely,freeze,French,frequency,frequent,fresh,Friday,fridge,friend,friendly,friendship,frighten,from,front,frontier,frown,fruit,frustrate,frustration,fuel,fulfill,full,fun,function,fund,fundamental,funny,fur,furious,furnish,furniture,further,furthermore,future.GGain,game,gang,gap,garage,garden,gas,gasoline,gather,gay,gaze,gene,general,generally,generate,generation,generous,genius,gentle,genuine,gesture,get（注意该词的短语）,giant,gift,give,glad,glance,glimpse,global,globe,go（注意该词的短语）,goal,good,goods,gorgeous,govern,government,grace,graceful,gradual,graduate,grand,grant,grasp,grateful,grave,great,greedy,gross,ground,grow,growth,guard,guess,guidance,guilty,guiltHHabit,habitant,half,halt,hamper,hand（注意该词的短语）,handful,handicap,handle,handsome,handy,happen,hard（注意该词的跨词类用法）,hardly,hardship,harm,hardware,harness,harsh,harvest,hate,have,hazard,hazardous,head,heal,heath,healthy,hear,heart,heartily,heat,heavy,height,help,helpful,hence,here,hesitate,hide,high,highway,hinder,hint,hire,historic/historical,hit,hobby,hold（注意该词的短语）,honest,honor,honorable,hopeful,horrible,horror,hospital,host,hostile,hot,housing,hour,how,however,huge,humid,humiliate,humorous,hunger,hungry,hunt,hurry,hurtII,ice,idea,ideal,identical,identify,idle,if,ignorant,ignore,ill,illegal,illness,illustrate,image,imagination,imagine,immediate,immense,immigrate,immune,impact,impartial,impel,implicit,imply,import,importance,important,impossible,impression,improve,impress,impulse,in,incentive,incident,incline,include,income,increase,increasingly,incredible,indeed,independent,indicate,indication,indifferent,indirect,individual,indoors,induce,industrial,industrious,industry,inevitable,infancy,infect,infer,infinite,inflation,influence,inform,informal,information,ingredient,inhabitant,initial,injure,injury,inner,innocent,innovate,input,inquire,insect,inside,insight,insist,inspect,inspire,install,instance,instant,instead,instinct,instruction,instrument,insult,intelligence,intelligent,intend,intense,intensive,intention,interact,interest,interesting,interior,intermediate,internal,international,Internet,interrupt,interview,intimate,into,introduce,introduction,invade,invent,invest,investigation,investment,invite,involve,irritate,isolate,issue,Italian,Italy,item,itself,its.JJack,jacket,jam,January,Japan,jet,job,joke,journal,journey,joy,judge,judgement,July,jump,June,junior,just（（注意该词的跨词类用法））,justice,justifyKKeen,keep（注意该词的短语）,key,keyboard,kick,kidney,kill,kind,kitchen,knife,knit,knock,know,knowledgeLLab,labor,lack,lag,land,landlord,landscape,language,large,largely,last,late,lately,later,latter,launch,law,lawful,lay,layer,lazy,lead,leader,leading,lean,learn,least,leave,lecture,left,legal,legend,leisure,lend,length,less,lesson,let（注意该词的短语）,letter,level,liable,liberal,liberty,liberate,library,license,lie,life,lift,light,lighten,like,likelihood,likely,limitation,line,link,liquid,list,listen,literal,literally,literature,little,live（注意该词的短语）,lively（注意该词是形容词）,living,load,loan,local,located,lodge,logic,London,lonely,long,look（注意该词的短语）,loose,lose,loss,lot,loud,love,lovely（注意该词是形容词）,low,lower,loyal,lucky,luck,luggage,lunch,lung,luxury.MMachine,machinery,mad,magazine,magic,magical,magnetic,magnificent,mail,mainland,mainly,maintain,maintenance,major,majority,make（注意该词的短语）,male,manage,management,manager,manipulate,mankind,manner,manual,manufacture,many,March,march,marginal,mark,market,marriage,marry,marvelous,mass,massive,master,match,material,mathematics,matter,mature,maximum,May,maybe,may,me,meal,mean,meaning,means,meantime,meanwhile,measure,mechanical,medical,medicine,medium,meet,meeting,member,memory,men,mend,mental,mention,menu,merchandise,mere,merely,merit,merge,mess,merry,message,metal,method,Mexican,mid,middle,might,mighty,migration,mild,mile,military,milk,million,mind,mineral,minimum,minor,minute,miracle,mirror,miserable,missing,mission,mistake,misunderstand,mix,mobile,mock,model,moderate,modern,modest,modify,moment,Monday,money,monitor,month,monthly,mood,moon,moral,more,moreover,morning,most,mostly,mother,motherland,motive,mount,mountain,mouth,move,movement,much,multiple,murder,muscle,museum,music,musical,must,mutual,myself,mysterious.NNaked,name,namely,narrow,nation,national,native,natural,naturally,nature,naughty,near,nearby,nearly,neat,necessarily,necessary,need,negative,neglect,neighbor,neither,nervous,net,network,never,nevertheless,new,news,newly,newspaper,nest,nice,night,no,nobody,noise,nosy,none,nor,normal,normally,north,notable,note,noted,nothing,notice,notify,noticeable,novel,November,now,nowadays,nuclear,number,numerous,nurse,nut.OObey,object,objective,obligation,observe,obstacle,obtain,obvious,occasion,occasional,occupy,occupation,occur,ocean,October,odd,of,off,offend,offer,office,official,often,

47old,on,once,one,oneself,ongoing,only,open,openly,operate,operation,opinion,opportunity,opposite,optimistic,option,orange,order,ordinary,organ,organization,organize,origin,original,other,otherwise,ought,outcome,outer,outline,output,outlook,outside,outstanding,over,overall,overcome,overtime,owing,own,owner,oxygen.PPacific,package,pack,page,pain,painful,paint,painting,pair,palace,pale,panic,paper,parcel,parent,park（注意该词的跨词类用法），part,participate,particle,particular,particularly,partly,party,pass,passenger,passion,passive,past,pastime,patience,patient,pattern,pave,pay（注意该词的短语）,payment,peace,peak,people,per,perceive,percent,percentage.Perfect,perfectly,perform,perhaps,period,permanent,personal,personally,persuade,phrase,phenomenon,phone,phrase,physical,pick,picture,piece,pill,pilot,pipe,pity,place,plain,plan,planet,plant,play,plead,pleasant,pleasing,pleasure,plus,pocket,poem,point,poisonous,police,policy,polish,polite,politics,pollute,pollution,poor,pop,popular,population,port,portion,pose,position,positive,possess,possibility,possible,possibly,post,postpone,potential,pound,poverty,power,powerful,practical,practice,praise,precede,precious,precise,predict,prefer,preference,pregnant,prepare,prescribe,presence,present（注意该词的跨词类用法）,presently,preserve,president,press,pressure,pretend,pretty（注意该词的跨词类用法）,prevail,prevent,previous,price,pride,primary,prime,primitive,principle,print,prior,private,prize,probable,probably,probe,problem,proceed,process,produce,product,productive,profession,profit,profitable,profound,program,progress,project,prolong,promise,promising,promote,prompt,prone,pronounce,proof,proper,property,proportion,propose,proposal,prospect,protect,protection,protest,prove,protest,prove,provide,provoke,psychological,public,publicly,publish,pull（注意该词的短语）,punish,pure,purely,purpose,pursue,pursuit,push,put（注意该词的短语）,puzzleQQualify,quality,quantity,quarrel,quarter,question,quick,quickly,quiet,quietly,quit,quite,quoteRRace,racial,radical,radio,rage,railway,rain,rainy,raise,ramble,random,range,ranger,rank,rape,rapid,rapidly,rarely,rate,rather,ratio,rational,raw,reach,react,reaction,read,readily,reading,ready,real,realistic,reality,realize,really,reason,reasonable,recall,receive,recent,recently,reckon,recognize,recommend,record,recorder,recover,recovery,recreation,recycle,red,reduce,reduction,redundant,refer,reference,reflect,reform,refuse,refusal,regain,refresh,regard,regardless,region,register,regret,regular,regularly,regulation,reinforce,reject,rejection,relate（注意该词的词义）,relation,relative/related,relax,release,relevant,reliable,relief,relieve,religion,reluctant,rely,remain,remark,remarkable,remedy,remember,remind,remote,remove,render,renew,rent,repair,repeat,repeatedly,replace,replacement,reply,report,represent,representative,reputation,request,require,rescue,research,reserve,resemble,resident,resign,resist,resolve,resort,resource,respect,respective,respond,response,responsible,rest（注意该词的跨词类用法）,restore,restrain,result,resume,retail,retain,retire,retirement,return,reveal,review,revive,revolution,reward,rewarding,rid,ride,ridiculous,right（注意该词的跨词类用法）,right-handed,ring,rise,risk,risky,rival,river,rock（注意该词的跨词类用法）,rocket,romantic,room（注意该词的词义）,root,rope,rough,roughly,round,rubber,rubbish,rude,ruin,rule,run,rural,rushSSacrifice,sad,safe,safeguard,safely,safety,sake,salary,sale,salt,same,sample,sand（注意该词单复数的词义差异）,satellite,satisfactory,satisfy,satisfying,save,savings,say,saying,scale,scarcely/hardly/seldom/rarely,scatter,scene,scenery,schedule,scheme,scholarship,science,scientific,scold,score,Scotland,scream,screen,seal,search,season,seat,second,secondary,secondly,secretary,section,secure,see（注意该词的短语）,seek,seem,seize,select,self,selfish,send,senior,sense,sensible/sensitive,sentence,separate,September,series,serious,seriously,serve,service,set（注意该词的短语）,setback,settle,settlement,severe,severely,sexual,shake,shall,shallow,shame,shape,share,sharp,sharply,sheer,shift,shine,shock,shoot,shop,shopping,short,shortage,shortcoming,shorten,should,shout,show,shrink,shut,,shy,sick,side,sight,sign,signal,significant,silence,silly,similar,similarly,simple,simple,since,sincere,Singapore,single,sink,sit,site,situation,size,skill,skilled,skillful,skin,sky,sleep,sleepy,slide,slight,slightly,slow,small,smart,smell,smile,smoke,smoker,smooth,smoothly,snake,snow,snowy,so,so-called,soccer,social,society,soft,soften,software,soil,sole,solid,solution,solve,some（注意该词的用法）,somehow,something,sometime,sometimes,somewhere,song,soon,sorrow,sorry,sort,soul,sound（注意该词的跨词类用法）,soup,source,south,space,spacious,Spain,Spanish,spare,speak,special,specialist,specially,species,specific,speculate,speech,speed,spend,spirit,spite,splendid,split,spoil（注意该词的用法）,spoken,spokesman,sport,spot（注意该词的用法）,spread,spring,spur,stable,staff,stage,stand（注意该词的短语）,standard,stare,start,state（注意该词的用法）,statement,status,stay,steady,steal,steam,steel,step,stick,stiff,still,stimulate,stir,stock,stop,storage,store,straight,strange,http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=44（第3／4页）2009-1-21上午03:00:21stranger,strategy,strength,strengthen,stress,strict,strictly,strike,striking,strong,strongly,structure,struggle,student,study,stuff,sturdy,stupid,style,subject,subjective,submit,substance,substantial,substitute,subtle,suburb,succeed,success,successful/successive,such,suffer,suffering,sufficient,suggest,suit,suitable,sum,summit,sunny,super,superior,supermarket,supervise,supply,support,suppose,sure,surface,surpass,surprising,surrounding,survey,survive,suspect,sweet,symbol,sympathetic,symptom,system.Ttake（注意该词的短语）,takeover,talented,talk,target,task,taste,teach,teaching,team,tear（注意该词的跨词类用法）,tease,technical,technology,telephone,tell,temperature,temporary,tempt,tend,tendency,tension,terrible,terrific,territory,textile,than,that,theft,theory,therefore,thick,thin,thing,think,thirsty,thorough,thought,threat,threaten,through,throw,thus,tidy,tight,tightly,time,timetable,tiny,tired,title,to,tolerant,top,topic,total,totally,touch,tough,tour,tourism,track,trade,traditional,traffic,train,transfer,transform,transport,travel,treasure,treat,treatment,trend,trip,trouble,true,truly,trust,try,turn（注意该词的短语）,twice,twin,type.UUgly,ultimate,unable,under,understand,undertake,undoubtedly,unexpectedly,unfair,union,unique,unite,universal,university,unless,unlike,unlikely,until,up,upset,urban,urgent,usage,use,used,useful,useless,usual,usually,utilize,utterly.VVacant,vacation,vague,valid,vain,valuable,vanish,variety,various,vary,vast,vehicle,venture,verge,very,via,victim,victory,view,violate,violence,violent,virtually,virtue,virus,visible,visit,visual,voice,voluntary,voteWWage,wait,wake,walk,wall,wander,want,warm,warn,warning,waste,watch,water,way,weak,wealthy,wear,weary,weather,weave,wedding,weakly,weight,welcome,well,what,whatever,when,where,whereas,wherever,whether,which,while,white,whole,wholly,whom,whose,why,wide,widen,widespread,wild,wildlife,will,willing,win,wind,windy,wipe,wise,wish,with,withdraw,within,without,witness,woman,wonder,wonderful,wood,

48wooden,word,work（注意该词单复数的词义差异）,world,worldwide,worry,worried,worse,worth,would,write,wrongXx-rayYYard,year,yellow,yesterday,yield,young,youngster,yours,yourthZZero,zone,zoo　10天记住10000单词（1）请输入关键字减小字体增大字体Vocabulary10000Lesson1Amonumentwasbuilttocommemoratethevictory.Thechildrenhuddledtogetherforwarmth.Censureissometimeshardertobearthanpunishment.Thenewvaccineeradicatedalltracesofthediseasewithinthreemonths.Thebarbariansdefiledthechurchbyusingitasastable.Thepregnantwomanhasanenlargedabdomen.Thelosthikerswerebereftofhopewhentherescueplanedidnotseethem.Thechildrenwerebereavedbythedeathoftheirparents.Thisbattlefieldisconsecratedtothememoryofthesoldierswhodiedhere.Agoodjokedoesnotnecessarilyevokeaheartylaugh.Wheelsleftgroovesinamuddydirtroad.Theoldcarjolteditspassengersbadlyasitwentovertheroughroad.Bowingtogreetaladyisnowanobsoletecustom.Manywildanimalsprowlatnightlookingforsomethingtoeat.Thechildrenscoopedholesinthesand.Diplomatsareinterestedinthestatusofworldaffairs.Thefarmersuedtherailroadstationbecausehiscowwaskilledbythetrain.Thecounterofthesinkhasmanygroovesalongwhichthewaterwillrunoff.Thecatprowledaroundthecellarlookingformice.Weallsympathizedwiththehusbandwhowasbereavedofhisbelovedwife.Hersingingevokedadmirationfromthepublic.Westillusethismachinethoughitisobsolete.ThebanditinatypicalWesternmovieridesahorseandgoesarmed.eitheraloneorinagroup.ChristmascommemoratesthebirthofJesusChrist.Thechildren‘smuddyshoesdefiledalltherugsinthehotel.Runninginthehallisadeviationfromtheschoolrulesandwillnotbeallowed.Shecouldbearthedisappointmentsofotherpeoplewithtolerablefortitude.Thelittlegirlwasinconsolableatthelossofherkitten.Aren‘tyouhungry?Youareonlynibblingyourfood.Thecoronationofthenewkingwasasplendidpageant.Afterthescourgeoffloodusuallycomesthescourgeofdisease.Thecrippledchildtumbleddownthestairsandwasbadlyhurt.Theironintheshipcausedadeviationofthemagneticneedleofthecompass.Amarathonrunnermusthavegreatfortitudetorunsuchalongdistance.Theprettygirl‘sreputationwasdefiledbymaliciousgossips.Theboyisjustlearningtowalk,heisalwaystumblingoverthefloor.TheinaugurationceremonyofthenewPresidentwasasplendidpageant.Therearemanyillnesses,whichafflictoldpeople.Hisemployercensuredhimforneglectinghiswork.Thethiefintrudedintothehousewithcautionanddissimulation.Nowadays,itisaninhumanepunishmenttoflogthedisobedientsoldiersorsailors.Accordingtotheinscriptiononitscornerstone,thisbuildingwaserectedin1919.

49Thegiftsofcharitymeddledwithaman’sprivateaffair.Hedoesn‘tsitstraight:hispostureisverybad.Johnrummagedallthedrawerstofindhisgloves.Thewaterspoutedoutwhenthepipewasbroken.Theclimbertraversedalonghorizontalcrackinthefaceofthemountainslope.Achildstoodlookingwithwistfuleyesatthetoysintheshopwindow.Hewasflogginghishorseinaverycruelway.Sherummagedchangefromthebottomofherpurse.Thelawdoesnotmeddleundulywithaperson‘sprivatelife.Thelightstraversedtheskysearchingforenemyplanes.Theinscriptionontheancientmonumentwasveryhardtoread.Theamicableflashofherwhiteteethwasveryimpressive.Thesoldiersareveryexhaustedfortheyhaveadvancedforwardwithoutrestinablizzard.IfIwererich,IwouldliketocruiseintheSouthernPacificforsixmonthsinaprivateyacht.YellowfeverhasbeeneradicatedintheUnitedStatesbutitstillexistsinsomecountries.Thedoctor‘sreportgaveusonlyaglimmerofhope.Onhisdesk,manyarticlesanddocumentsarealwayspiledingreatlump.Thewomanransackedthehouseforherlostjewelry.Heslashedapaththroughthehighgrasswithalongknife.Outfeetslumpedrepeatedlythroughthemeltingice.Thatpop-songhadagreatvogueatonetime.Enemysoldiersransackedthecityandcarriedoffitstreasures.Tiredfromhislongwalk,heslumpedintoachair.Wesawtheglimmerofadistantlightthroughthetrees.Heusedtohaveagreatvogueasafilmactor,butnoonegoestothecinematoseehimnow.WhattheIceAgedidwastoeradicatetheabundantmammalianlifeintheNorthernHemisphere.Heascribeshissuccesstoskillandhardwork.Thesoldierskepttheirheadsdownbehindthebulwark.Shelookedaroundthiswayandthatinadubiousmanner.Selfishnesswasafacetofhischaracterthatweseldomsawbefore.Forthefirsttimehehadtopayheedtohisappearance,andinfacthebecameverywell-dressedfromthenon.Theboyshuddledtogetherundertherocktokeepwarm.Theoldmanmumbledsomethingtome,butIcouldnotunderstandhim.ThisruinedbridgeisarelicoftheKoreanWarin1950.Automobileexhaustfumesareoneofthemajorcausesofsmog.Thethirstywayfarerwasgladtofindafreshspringneartheroad.Healwaysspeakswithhismouthfulloffood,itishiswont.Fourpeoplewerehuddledunderoneumbrellatoavoidthesuddenshower.I‘mfeelingbetterthanyesterday,butitisdubiousthatIcangotoschooltomorrow.Nooneknowswhowrotethatplay,butitisusuallyascribedtoCyrilTourneur.Webelievethatafreepressandfreespeecharebulwarksofdemocracy.TakeheedofwhatIsay,oryouwillfailinthefinalexamination.Lesson23Civilizedpeoplebelieveinhumanetreatmentofprisoners.Theequatorisanimaginarycirclearoundtheearth.Becausehewasn‘tworkinghard,heisliabletofail.Hesataloneafterthebattle,mourningoverthelossofhisbestfriend.Apsychiatristcanhelpsomepeopletounderstandtheirsubconsciousurges.

50Hehastoleavenow,helivesfartherfromherethanIdo.Allthemembersofthecommitteeagreedtoinquirefurtherintothematter.Themanlivingnextdoorhangedhimselfinsorrowafterhiswifedied.Wehungourreproductionof“MonaLiza”abovethefireplace.Tainanisoneofthehistoricspotsthatyoushouldvisit.Uponretiringfromtheoffice,thePresidentgaveallthehistoricalpaperstothelibrary.Thephilosopherclaimsthatkindnessisahumantrait,butIdon‘tbelieveit.Humanepeopleareconsiderateofnotonlyotherpeoplebutalsoanimals.Somepeopledonotbelievethatghostsarenotrealbutimaginarybeings.Theimaginativechildalwayslikestomakeupfairytales.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第3／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03BessieSmithwasanincomparablesingerinherdays.Itisfoolishtocomparehorseswithairplanes.Theyareincomparable.Someoldsuperstitionsseemincredibletomosteducatedpeople.Peoplenowadaysareincredulousaboutghostsandwitches.Thegentlemanlaidhislandonhisson‘sshoulder.Thewoundedsoldierwaslyingonthebattlefield.Thiskindofshoeisapttosliponwetground.Henryisanaptstudentofthepracticalscience.Childrenundertheageof10areallliabletodiseases.Hedeclaredthathewasnotliableforhiswife‘sdebts.Theweatherforecastsaysthatit‘slikelytobehottomorrow.Thebackyardofourhousehasaluxuriantgrowthofweeds.Sheistooproud,tooluxurioustomarryanordinarypersonlikeyou.Fromtimetotime,duringthenight,therewasamoanofpainfromthesickman.Thewholenationmournedthedeathofthemuch-lovedPresident.Thecompanywillgiveonlyoralteststotheapplicants.Thiswrittenreportcontainsbothaverbaldescriptionandasketchofthebuilding.Theministermadeapersonalvisittothesceneofthefighting.Thegeneralissuedanordertocapturethehilltoallpersonnel.Themanseemedpoor,buthewasrespectablydressed.Childrenshouldspeakrespectfullytotheirelders.Thefirst,second,andthirdprizeswenttoJack,George,andFrankrespectively.Sheraisedherfingertoherlipsasasignforsilence.Thefarmerraisescattleandcrops.Thesunwillriseat5:45tomorrowmorning.Wehavetogotothegovernmentpatentofficetoregisterthenewtrademark.Itissafetoregisterthelettercontainingthecheck.Gototheregistraroftheuniversitytoknowyourgrades.Theboatweareonisthebestsailorinthefleet.Themeninournavyarecalledsailorsiftheyarenotofficers.AgroupofcollegeprofessorswerewaitinginthemainsalontoseetheMinisterofEducation.Theship‘spassengershavetheirdinnersinthediningsaloon.ItwascertainthatOswaldmighthaveasubconsciousdesiretoinjurehisunderling.Edinawasunconsciousfortwohoursaftertheaccident.Thegeneralwasunconsciousofbeingfollowedbythespy.Theclub’ssecretarypreparedseveraltranscriptsofminutesofthemeeting.Thetranscriptionofwordsintophoneticsymbolsrequiresspecialtraining.

51Lesson24ThewomankneltbeforethealtartopraytoGodforherson‘ssafereturn.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第4／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Ifitrains,wehavetoalterourplantohaveapicniconSunday.ChinesemountainclimbersmadeasuccessfulascentofMt.McKinleyinNorthAmerica.Iwon‘tgivemyassenttoherplanbecauseitisnotwellprepared.Thereareseveraloldcannonsonthewallofthecastle.Thiscanonhasbeenenactedbythechurchcouncilveryrecently.Someofthetopsofsneakersaremadeofcanvas.Thesalesrepresentativecanvassedthewholecityforsubscriptionsofthemagazine.Thecessionoftheterritorycouldnotbeavoidedbecausetheylostthewar.Beseated!Thecourtisnowinsession.Thesoldierfaintedatthesightofhisownblood.Thecolorbecamefaintasthesunset.Hefeintedwithhislefthandandhitmewithhisright.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenanintentionofthestruggleforpoliticalpowerinthecountry.Shefeltoffendedatmyremarks,butitwasn‘tmyintentiontohurther.ThereisnothingthatwecandonowbutprayGodhelpsusinourtroubles.Thelionseizeditspreyandateit.ChicagoistheprincipalcityintheMidwestoftheUnitedStates.Theprincipaltoldtheteacherstodismiss(suspend)schoolduringtheheavysnowstorm.Thiscountrywasfoundedontheprincipleofindividualfreedomforall.ThepopulationofFranceremainedstationaryalmostforacentury.Herbertboughtanotebookatthestationerystore.Pleasewriteyournameandaddressonthispaper.ThePresidentaddressedthenationonthesubjectofwarandpeace.Darknessisanattributeofnight,asbrightnessisthatofday.WeattributeEdison‘ssuccesstointelligenceandhardwork.Theteachersappointedacommitteeoffivememberstoplantheclasspicnic.ThecourtappointedMr.Lansingasthecommitteethatwouldtakecareoftheboy’sproperty.Shelikesmusicverymuch,shenevermissesaconcert.Weconcertedonthemostpropermethodsforspeedilyexecutingthemanager’sinstructions.Itriedbutcouldn’tunderstandthecontentofhisspeech.Johncontentedhimselfwithtwoglassesofbeereventhoughhecouldhavehadmore.Honestbutpooristheconverseofpoorbuthonest.Heconversedwithhiswifeaboutthesummervacation.TheSaharaisagreatdesertinthenorthernpartofAfrica.Afterthefamilydesertedthefarm,itsbuildingsfelltoruin.(=felloutofuse).Thepublisherdecidedtopublishadigest/summaryofinternationallaw.Ilikemilkverymuch,butIcan’tdigest/catchitverywell.Mostanimalshaveaninstincttoprotecttheiryoung.Herfacewasinstinctwithbenevolenceandkindness.Althoughthegovernorknewmanypeoples,hehadfewintimates.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第5／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Heintimated/suggestedindirectlythathewasdissatisfiedwithhisjob.Thetrainarrivedatexactly/punctuallyfourminutespasteight.Therehasbeenaminuteimprovementintheworkingconditionsofthefactory.Adarkobjectmovedbetweenthedoorandme,What?Eidolon?Devilorfairy.

52DoyouobjectTommysmokinginthisroom?Heraskedhertomarryhimbutherefused.Thestreet-cleaningdepartmenttookawayallrefusefromthestreet.Thelittlegirlwasintearsbecauseshe’dlosthermother.Forsecurity,tearuppaperbeforeputitinthetrashcan.Thejanitor/buddyremovedusedtowelsfromtherack.Ittooklongtogetusedtoforeignfood.Lesson10Theentirepopulationwasaggrievedbythetyrannyoftheking.Onlyacallous/apathypersoncanseesufferingwithouttryingtorelieveit.Walkingbarefootontheasphaltpavement/trottermakesthebottomofyourfeetcallous.ShewantstocontinueherstudyintheUnitedStates,butherparentsdisapproveofherplan.Tendollarsisafabulouspriceforanordinarypencil.Hewasinfuriatedbythepoliceman’sroughtreatmentofhiswife.Hispoliticalopponentsfearedhismordanttongue,andevenmorehismordantpen.TheidioticIndiaesesangashit-songofvictory,describingtheirprowessinbattle.Hewasarrestedasamemberofasubversiveorganizationadvocatingtheforcefuloverthrowofthepresentgovernment.Manystudentsfindtemporaryjobsduringtheirsummerholidays.Throughtheyearsheamassedalargefortunetobuyfarmafterheretired.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate.Peopletendtoamasspossessions,sometimeswithoutbeingawareofdoingso.TheEmpireStateBuildingisacolossalstructure.Sicknessorbadluckoftenmakesapersonfeeldismal.Shewasgladtoseeusagainandgavemeagenialwelcome.Itishardforaninveteratesmokertogiveuptobacco/cigarette.Thepunishmentforthatoffenceistwoyearsinprison.Duringhissojourn/stopoverinAfricahelearnedmuchaboutnativecustoms.Sixrobberiesinonenightputourvillageinturmoil.Ascientistsuspendsjudgmentandrefrainsfromdrawingconclusionsuntilallthefactsarein.Sheassentedtothedoctor’sassertionthathersonwasill,butcouldnotconsenttohavinghimhospitalized.Thecouplewishestoliveinacozylittlehomeratherthaninalifelessmansion.Thatfactoryistryingtodiversifyitsproductstosellindifferentmarkets.Thehaggardfacesoftherescuedminersshowedthattheyhadagreatdealofsufferings.Carelessdriverscausemanyirreparableaccidents.Everyonehastwopaternalgrandparentsandtwomaternalgrandparents.Theyoungartistmadeareplicaofthefamouspainting.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第6／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Hisseclusionoftherabbitinthebarnwaskeptsecretfromeveryoneelse.Thetwofriendswrangledandnowtheydon’tspeaktoeachother.Mostbigotedpeopleareintolerantofopposition.Mostofthefoodtheyeatisdeficientinironandprotein.Theslyfoxeludedthehuntersbyrunningbackintheoppositedirection.Someverygreatmenhavecomefromignoblefamilies.Wearestudyingaboutdew,frost,mist,andotherkindredfactsofnature.DuringtheRomanticperioditwasfashionableinliteraturetohaveamelancholyoutlookontheworld.Noonelikestoberegardedasapoltroon.Theenemywasrouted.Themostmassivedefensesystemwouldstillleavethenationvulnerabletonuclearattack.

53Thechildabidedwithhisgrandparentsforthreeyearsbeforebeingreturnedtohisparents.Shecan'tabidewatchinghorrorfilms.Pleasefeelassuredthatwewillabidebyourpromise.Theaudienceinthetheaterwasirritatedbytheunrulyandboisterouschildren.Tospitintheclassroomisdespicable.Wesawmanyexoticplantsattheflowerexhibition,whichwehadneverseenbefore.Forthemountainclimber,itisimperativetogetfoodandwaterbeforesunset.Mywifehassuchanimperativevoicethateveryonecoveysher.Hewasnonplusedbythestrangecustomshesaweverywhereinthecountry.Theleaderofthebandbowedinapompous/exaggeratedmannerHeseveredconnectionwithTom.Thedaywassosultrythattheyhadlittleenergyleft.Themoonwaswaning,andinsuchawaninglight,itisverydifficulttoseetheenemy.Lesson11WearebecomingacclimatedtoNewYorkweather.ThesenatorsassailedthePresidentonthesubjectofthetreatybetweenthetwocountries.Hisfacewascongestedwithangerastheargumentgrewmoreheated.HereffusivewelcomemadeusfeelmostuncomfortableAgoodmanagerisfrugalintheuseofhisfundsThenewspapersaccusedthegovernmentofbeinginsolventinitsdebts.Mostpassengersoftheshipwereseize[fish1]dwithnauseaduringthestormatseaShehadnowaytoredeemherfurnitureoutofpawn.Theyusedwaterproofcementtopreventwaterfromseepingthroughtheroofoftherunnel.Aswollencheekspoiledthesymmetryofhishandsomeface.NewYork’shotweatherisoftenaggravatedbyitshumidity.Abalmybreezewasblowingacrossthebeautifullake.Theculminationofthedoctor’slife’sworkwashisdiscoveryofacureofcancer.ThestorekeeperendorsedmybillwhenIpaidthefullamount.Themainfieldofhygieneisconcernedwithhealthylivingandcleanliness.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第7／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Soundisintangible[fish2]andthesameistrueoflight.Grandfathersatbythefireplace,obliviousofeverythingaroundhim.ThefuneralwillbeperformedaccordingtochurchritesHerstorywasboring,buthesimulatedinteresttopleaseher.Theaccountofthetrialwastranscribedfromthestenographer[fish3]’sshorthandnotes.TheUnitedStatesannexe[fish4]dTexasin1845.Somepeoplebrewbeerathomeforhomeuse.TheboyswhisperinginthecornerarebrewingsomemischiefTheboysderidedhimforhisfear[fish5]ofthedarkness.Shealwaysevaluatespeoplebytheirclothes.Sweptalongbytheswiftcurrent,hewasinimminentdangerofgoingoverthewaterfall.Ajudicioushistorianselectsandweighsfactscarefullyandcritically.ThereisapreponderanceofhotdaysinJulyandAugust.Manysagestaffsaroundthecommanderhelpedhimwinthebattle.AsagaciousbusinessmanseldomfailsinhisbusinessThespecterofthemurderedmanhaunt[fish6]edthehouse.Theshoutof“Fire”causedagreattumult[fish7]inthetheater.Herapathysinceherhusband’sdeathworriesherchildren.

54Iftheaimsoftwocountriescollide,theremaybeawar.Thebuildingsweredrape[fish8]dwithred,whiteandbluebunting.Afterhisboringspeechforoveranhour,thefatuousspeakerwaitedforapplausefromtheaudience.Theimpudentboymadefacesattheteacher.IcouldhavegivenamuchbetteranswerifIhadhadenoughtimetomeditateThismusicseemstopurifyone’sspiritofevilthoughts.Thesecretary’sbeautifulfigureandsuave[fish9]mannersmadetheofficebright.Thewatchmanwhocaughtthethiefwaspraisedforhisvigilance.Lesson12Theengineeracceleratesatrainbyturningonmorepower.Iwillkeepitsecret,Ifeelaverse[fish10]totellingittosomeone.Twopersonswhosawtheroadaccidentcorroborate[fish11]dthedriver’sstatatement.Ittookthesoldiersonlyhalfanhourtoencampintheheavyrain.Theairisveryhumidneartheseaorlargelake.Itisimpossibletomakeplantsgrowinadesertwithoutirrigation.Absurd!Areyoureallythinkhaveaweebitliquid?Youshouldseementaldoctorforwhim.Everybaseballplayerenvieshim;heispreeminentaboveallhisrivalsforpitching.Everyonelearnstherudimentsofarithmeticinelementaryschool.Whentheygotintheboilerroomtheywerealmoststifle[fish12]dbytheheat.Heisaveryversatileperformer,hecanact,sing,dance,andplaythepiano.Theanatomy[fish13]ofanearthwormismuchsimplerthanthatofaman.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第8／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Footballrequiresbrainaswellasbrawn.Dexterityinquestioningthewitnesseshelpedthelawyerwinmanycases.MountVesuviushasn’teruptedforagoodmanyyears.Let’sdiscussthistopiconthehypothesisthatitistrue.Todriveanautomobile,youmustlearnhowtomanipulatedthesteeringwheelandpedals.Thetribesmensangasongofvictory,describingtheirprowessinbattle.Alessscrupulous[fish14]/conscientiousmanwouldn’tgivethemoneybacktoitsowner.Thenursetreatedthewoundedsoldierswiththemostscrupulouscare.Onehundreddollarsamonthwillsufficefortheoldlady’sneed.Hereallylikesantiqueartmuchmorethanmodernart.Incoherent/consistentwriting,everysentencesconnectedinthoughttotheprevioussentence.Afterdinnermyfatheroftendozesinhischairforawhile.Theactress’sbeautyandfascinatedeveryoneintheroomSomepeopleliketoinnovatetheoldsystemsandtraditions,othersliketopreservethem.Themagician’stricksmystifiedtheaudienceinthetheater.Leapyearrecurseveryfouryears,andinthatyearFebruaryhave29days.ButaccordingChineseTraditionalCalendar,Every19-yearshaveseven-leapmonth.Unfortunately,Mr.BakerhasborninFebruary30.Whenhetwenty-third,justcelebrateninetymyday.Theskywasclear,andmoonlightwasshimmeringonthelake.Thegeneralexplainedthemilitarytechnicalitiesofthemattertothenewspaperreporters.Ababycriesandgurglesbutdoesnotusearticulatespeech(orspeakdistinctly).Thespeakerwascarefultoarticulatehiswordssothateveryoneinthehallcouldunderstandhim.Thesoldierswereconfrontedbytwoterroristsastheylefttheircamp.Whileshewaswaitingforherboyfriendinthetearoom,asweetmelody[fish15]filledherwithecstasy.Themothertriedtofosterherson’sinterestinmusicbytakinghimtoconcertsfrequently.Thehallisnotdim;thefourlargelampsirradiateit.

55Theobstinatemanwouldgohisownway,inspiteofallwarning.SomepeopleeatfoodsthatarerepugnanttotheirsAfterhissoporificspeechforanhour,thespeakerreceivednoapplausefromtheaudience.Theconquestofouterspaceisoneofthegreatesttriumphsofmodernscience.Lesson5Headmonishedhisfriendnottobelateforhiswork.Heseemstobedoingnothing,butreallyhe’sjustbidinghistime.Amanwhocheatsonhisincometaxandonhisexpenseaccounttendstocondonethesepracticesinhisfriends.IdesignateyoutoactformewhileIamaway.Mostanimalslettheiryoungfendforthemselvesatanearlyage.OnlyhardyplantswillsurvivetheseverecoldintheArcticarea.Baseballplayersdoexercisesatthebeginningoftheseasoninordertolimber[fish16]themselvesup.Youmustpayinhumility/condescension/modestyofspiritforeverybenefitreceivedatthehandsofphilanthropy/charity.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第9／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Canyourecollectthenameoftheauthorof[Ivanhoe]?Hewassmitten/affectedwiththeviewthathestoppedandtookouthiscamera.Accordingtothetestimonyofthemedicalprofession,thehealthofthenationisimproving.Helikedthebittertasteoftheale;beerishisfavoritedrink.Blend[fish17]thebutterandthesugarbeforeaddingotheringredient/factor/elementsofthecake.Especiallylarge,sharpcaninecharacterizesthecarnivorousanimals.ThecommonEnglishsparrowisadenizenofAmerica;itwasfirstbroughtfromEuropetoAmericaabout1850.Shewasinafrenzyofgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasmissing.Theplayer’sinjury[fish18]incapacitatedhimforparticipatinginthefootballmatch.ThehunterscamefromtheEasttomassacrethebuffaloesoftheplains,killingseveralmillioninashorttime.WhenIaskedhisadviceheponder/meditatedthematterandthentoldmenottogo.Totheriddle“Whatwalksonfourlegsinthemooring,twolegsatnoon,andthreelegsintheevening?”theansweris”man.”Thefatherspankedthenaughtychildforhisbadmanners.Hetriedtoappeasethecryingchildbygivinghimcandy.Thewarwasaterriblecatastropheinwhichmanypeoplediedandmanybuildingsweredestroy[fish19]ed.Hefeltcompletelydauntedbythedifficultiesthatfacedhim.Thecrowdgaped/stared/gawkedatthedaringtricksperformedbythetightropewalker.Hewillbeinthehospitalforthedurationoftheschoolyear.Weimploredhimtoactbeforeitwastoolate.Shemuffledherthroatinawarmscarfnottocatchacold.OnAprilFool’sdaypeopleoftenplaypranksoneachother.Soapytooktheumbrellaandsaunter[fish20]edoffwithitslowly.Therewasatrickleofbloodfromthewoundonhisface.Shewasastounded/amazedbythenewsthatshehadwonthespeechcontest.Thepeoplelivinginthatvalleyareallmembersofoneclan.Newspaperaccountsofpoliticalandinternationalaffairsareoftendistorted.Whiletravelling,theyentrustedtheirchildrentothecareofababysitter.Sometimesthegetshungryandeatslikeaglutton.Unlessacheckissigneditisinvalid.Hebecameinvalidastheresultofillhealthandlackofexercise.Hiswordswerepolitebuttherewasanovertone/implicationofangerinhisvoice.Theyprobe[fish21]dhispastcareertojudgehisqualifications.

56Therearemanysacred/holyshrinesintheNearEast.Thestatuteincreasedthetaxeswemustpay.Thewoundedsoldierwritheduncomfortablyinpain.Watchingthefirstmanlandonthemoon,webeheldasightneverseenbeforebyman.Theyshouldchangethisbadhabitandcondescend/deigntobepleasedwhatispleasing.Morethan5,000yearsagotheChinesewerecontrollingtheYellowRiverfloodswithdikes.Thefarmersdugadeepdiketocarrywatertothericefield.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第10／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Heflippedacoinonthecountertodecidewhethertogotothetheaterornot.Myunclewhohadtraveledtomanycountriesintheworldtoldagrislystoryaboutpeoplewhoatehumanflesh.Theknave/rogueswhosetfiretothebarnhavebeencaughtandsenttoprison.Thegeneralheldaparleywiththeenemy’sleaderaboutexchangingprisoners.Thereisnotashred/fragmentofevidencethatmissingmoneywasstolen.Thejudgesurmised/guessedhisguilt;therewasnoproofthathekilledtheman.Thefutureissouncertainthatwecannotknowallthevicissitudes/varietiesofourfortunes.Thefirewarden[fish22]toldusnottolightmatchesnearthegasstation.Lesson6Mostpeopleabhorthecriminalofkidnappingthechildren.Ifyouboostmeup,Icanreachthewindoweasily.Hisfriend’swillingnesstohelphimwasabigboosttothemorale.Thejailisusedfordetentionofpersonswhohavebeenarrested.Hegavesuchexplicitdirectionsthateveryoneunderstoodthem.Wiseteachersavoidinvidiousrulesagainstthestudents.Youmalignagenerouspersonwhenyoucallhimastingyperson.Inplaceswherethewaterisnotpotable,theysetuppurifyingsystems.Ineverwenttoschool,andI’verueditbitterlyallmylife.Peopleinthefarnorthsubsistchieflyonfishandmeat.Shewassuchanunrulychildthatnobodycouldgetalongwithher.Theboyhadanagilemind,andcouldcomeupwithexcusesasquicklyashismotheraskedforthem.Hislackofmoneywastheresultofcapriceinspendingonunnecessarythings.Sheisdisconsolateaboutthedeathofherfather.Itisapopularfallacytosupposethatrichesalwaysbringhappiness.Shegaveingenuousanswerstothestrangers’entirequestion.Isawamiragethatmadehighwayaheadseemtubefloodedwithwater.Theheavythunderstormprecludedourgoingtothebeach.Sheerwhitecurtainshungatthelittlewindowtoletinasmuchlightaspossible.Fromthetopofthewalltherewasasheerdropof100feettothewaterbelow.Hisletterwassuccinct,withallthemajorpointsononepage.Thereisnotmucharablelandonthesideofarockymountain.Thewinner’scomplacentsmileannoyedtheloserinthefootballgame.Thewolvesdismemberedthedeer’sdeadbodywiththeirsharpteeth.Afterthewar,thedefeatedcountrywasdismemberedandcouldnolongerbecalledanation.Shedancedwithgleewhenshesawthenewtoys,whichherfatherboughtforherbirthdaypresent.Hegaveusimplicitconsenttotaketheapples,forhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit.Someoneisspreadingmischievousstoriesaboutminister’sprivatelife.Inthesentence“Shelivesalonebyherself”theword“alone”isredundant.Thesolicitudeshowntohimbyhisneighborsaftertherobberyimpressedhimverydeeply.Thebankkeepsalargesurplusofmoneyinreserve.

57http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第11／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thedoctorgavehimsomemedicinetoabatethepain.Hisambitionwasconsummatedwhenhewontheprize.Oursavingshavedwindledsincemywifewassenttohospital.Itishaphazardtimetable,sometimeslessonsareheldandsometimestheyaren’t.Itisobviousthatablindmanoughtnottodriveanautomobile.Iknowonlyhisovertreasonsforrefusing;hemayhaveothers.Wetriedtobefriendly,buthisrebuffmadeusthinkthewantedtobeleftalone.Hewassad,andhisthoughtaboutfuturewasverysomber.Theboy’slackofmoneythwartedhisplansforcollege.IhaveavehementhatredofpeoplewhoarecrueltoanimalsThebenignoldladysentusakindandwarmsmile.Thesergeantwasdegradedtoprivateforthereasonofdisobeyingorder.Myotherwritingsareveryephemeral,butthisbookwillberememberedforever.Peoplewhohavenevergonetoschoolareusuallyilliterate.Theoldmantotteredacrosstheroomandsatdownonthesofa.Noteveryrichmanislavishinspendingmoney.Itisamistaketolavishkindnessungratefulpeople.Heistheonewhoispeddlingthedrugsunlawfully.Shereprovedthemaidinanangryvoiceforbreakingthedish.Manykindsoffabrics,fursanddrugsaresyntheticproducts.Hisunboundedcourageandcompassionmadehimanexcellentleaderofthenation.Hewaswretchedwhenhefailedtheentranceexaminationagain.Lesson7Shecontinuedtoworkinablithespiritinspiteofalldifficulties.Shewasfeelingdejectedandunhappyuntilthegoodnewscheeredherup.Heisanerraticfellowwhoseactionsareusuallycompletelyunpredictable.Whenhewasachild,hislifecontainednobleambitionsandimmaculatethought.Thelittlegirlloathedleavinghermotherforstudyingabroad.Thewomaninthispaintinghasapensivesmile.Iwasrestartedfromkeepinganappointmentbyabusinessconferencethatlastedmostoftheday.Shewasproudofherstalwartgood-lookinggrandson.Duringhisillnessheshunnedallsociety,andinparticularthosewhohadbeenhisdearest.Theyquarreledwithsuchaloudnoisethattheirvoiceswereaudibletotheneighbor.Thenewboyhadanauspiciousfirstdayintheelementaryschool.Shewasfilledwithelationatthenewthatshewonthefirstprizeinherclass.Thehaughtymanthinkshighlyofhimselfwhileholdingothersincontempt.Theofficer’sviolationofaregulationismoreofjeopardythantheenlistedman’soffense.Itismandatorytopayadebtwithinacertainperiodoftime.Theteacherrebukedthestudentforthrowingtheexaminationpaperonthefloor.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第12／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Notmanypeoplecametoseethegame;thesparsecrowdwasscatteredthinlythroughthestadiumAmisergivesundueimportancetomakingandsavingmoney.Thedoctor’sfriendlymannerhelpedthepatientallayhisfear.Gluttonyanddrunkennesshavebeencalledcarnalvices.Afamilynamebecomesdefunctwhentheonlyheirdieswithoutanyson.Ofthemanyplanssubmittedthecommitteeselectedtheplanthatseemedmostfeasible.Theboyshowedingenuityinmakingtoysoutofscrapsofdiscardedwood.

58Myjokecausedagreatdealofmirthamongthelittlechildren.Soldiersonthebattlefieldleadaprecariouslife.Somepeoplebelievethatfatehaspreordainedwhethertheywillbehappyorunhappy.Atthecouncilbroadhewastaciturnandneveropenedhislips.Hiseldestbrotherdiedafterthevenomousbitefromtherattlesnake.Thedoctorsaidtherewasnothingamisswithher.Thisanthologycomprisessamplesfromtheworkoftenauthors.Familiesthatquarrelintheprivacyofthehomedowelldodissemblewhentheytoouttodinner.Aglibdoortodoorsalesmansoldherasetofbooksthatshedidnotwant.BeforeWorldWarII,theFrenchthoughttheirMagnetLineasaninvinciblebulwarkagainstGermaninvasion.Thelazylittleboygavehisfaceperfunctorywashing.TheDisneylandtourwasrepletewithunexpectedthrillsandsuspense.Werespectfullysolicityourcontinuousfriendshipandpatronage.Thenationwillsoonbeliberatedfromthefoulestthralldom.Givetheflowerssomewaterregularly,ortheywillwilt.Thatabominableplacewassodirtyandevilsmellingthatheturnedawayindisgust.Brainystudentscouldunderstandeasilywhattheteacherexplainedtothem.Asthemooringprogressed,theweatherdeterioratedmoreandmore.InGermanhewasanexquisitestylist,andhebroughttothatlanguageanewsensitivityintheartofstorytelling.Cancerisnolongeranincurablediseasenowadays,itcanberemediedbyusingradioactivity.Manualworkersoftenearnmorethanofficeworkersdo.Thisworkbookhasateacher’smanualinwhichexaminationproblemsandtheiranswersareincluded.Heisapotentialleadertocontrolthislargestate.TheyaresuchruthlessparentsthattheynevergivepresentstothechildrenonChristmasDay.Herexplanationsforfailuretodotheworkwerevolublebutnoteasilybelieved.Theatrelobbieswerefilledwithavociferouscrowdduringtheintermission.Lesson8TheweatherinearlyDecemberwasbleakandunpleasant.Theelectricinspectorwascastigatedforhavingfailedtocheckthewireashewassupposedto.Weshouldovercometheworstthatthetyrant’senmitycando.Inanycase,parentsshouldbeimpartialtotheireverychild.Theteacheraskedmetogivealucidexplanationofmybeinglateforclass.Theoldmanisconfusedmostofthetimebuthedoeshavelucidmoments.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第13／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Asquarehasfour90-degreeanglesmadebyitsfourperpendicular.Inretrospect,manygoodopportunitieswereneglectedinmylire.Thepoliticianshowedagoodsagacityavoidingthemistakeshe’dmadeinthepreviouscampaign.Urbanespeechiseducatedspeech,asdistinguishedfromthespeechoftheignorant.AfterReddingaboutthelivesofseveralgreatAmericans,JohnbecameanardentstudentofAmericanhistory.Ican’tbearhisderogatoryremarksaboutmybrother’scharacter.Iwon’ttellyouwhattimetoleave;you’reoldenoughtouseyourowndiscretion.Thehouseofthemeetingswillbefixedatthechairman’sdiscretion.Thepartygotquitehilariousaftertheybroughtmorewine.Itisaparamountresponsibilityofeveryofficertotakecareofhismenbeforecaringforhimself.Housesandtreesseemtorecedeasweridepastinatrain.Thewholecitywasrifewithrumorsofpoliticalcorruptionandbribery.Bothsidesburstintospontaneouscheersatthemagician’sskillfultricks.Theairtenmilesabovetheearthisverytenuous.

59Abaseballplayerusuallyreachestheacmeofhisskillbeforeheisthirty.Hesparednoone’sfeelingsandexpressedhisviewswithgreatcandor.Thefatherfinallydissuadedhissonfromleavingschool.Heradvicewasquitegratuitous,Icanthinkformyself.ThehouseofrepresentativeshasthesolepowertoimpeachanofficeroftheUnitedStatesGovernment.Herostensiblepurposewastoborrowsomesugar,butshereallywantedtoseeherneighbor’snewfurniture.Thepoorpaintersoldhispaintingsforapaltrysumofmoney.Thepoorfamilylivedinasordidlogcabininthevalley.Shemakesitaruletokeepherroomneatandtidyaftercomingbackfromschool.Onetallboystoodalooffromallthesmallchildren.Regularmealsandexerciseareofcardinalimportancetoourhealth.TherearemanydrabhousesintheSmokeyminingtown.Thelifeofapersonwhoneverdoesanythingisdullanddrab.Thetwofamilieshadbeenatfeudwitheachotherforthreegenerations.Hisinsolentspeechandbehaviorupseteveryoneintheroom.Thejudgesaidthatnothingcouldmitigatethecrueltywithwhichthemanhadtreatedthechild.Asummaryoftheeventsleadinguptothissituationwouldbepertinentinformation.Hispredecessorquitbecausehewasnotintheleastinterestedinthiskindofjob.Letmeapologizeformybeingtardyinansweringyourletter.You’dthinkshewouldneverclimbagain,afterfallingdownthemountain,butitjustwhettedherappetite.Themanaccusedofstealingthemoneywasacquittedforlackofwitnesses.Becarefulnottobreaktheboxofglass,thatthinglassishardbutbrittle.Theuglyframedetractsfromthebeautyofthefamouspicture.Toextirpateweedsisnotonlytodestroytheirvisiblepartsbutalsotopullthemoutbytheroots.Theindulentmotherboughtherchildreneverythingtheywanted.Theindulgentteacherpraisedeverypoemwewrote.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第14／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Themendaciousbeggartoldadifferenttaleofwoeateveryhouse.Formyownsake,I’vetoldaplausiblelieattheclubmeeting,butthemembersdidnotbelievemeatall.Wehavethesanctionoftherecreationdepartmenttoplayballinthispark.Youngstersusuallyrushintomarriagewithonlytheshallownotionsofwhatloveandresponsibilitymean.Weparkedthecaronthegrassvergeatthesideofthehighway.Lesson9www.bfsunt.cnNooneintheadjacentapartmentswasawakenedbytheirquarrelingsounds.Thespringfloodswereagreatcalamitytothefarmerswhosecropsandhouseswereruined.Thefloodsandstorms,whichhavenoprecedentintherecordedhistory,devastatedthecountry.Theexultantplayersweredancingonthegroundovertheirteam’svictory.Thewealthofourcountryseemsinexhaustibletomanypeopleabroad.Wesawamaudlinmovieaboutanorphanwholosthisparentsinthewar.Theenemiesplunderedallthevaluablethingstheycouldfindinthevillage.Ascrupulousmanneverfailstogivebacktheborrowedmoneytoitsowner.Fromsundryhints,IguessedIwastobegivenabicycleformybirthdaypresent.ThechildrenmadezealouseffortstocleanupthehousefortheChristmasparty.Wewonderifhumanbeingsareprimarilyaltruisticorselfish.Thepublicclamorforlowertaxescontinuedyearafteryear.Theoldmanuscriptshadbeendisintegratedintoapileoffragmentsanddust.AlthoughNapoleonwasCorsican,heisconsideredbymostmodernFrenchmentohavebeenFrenchastheirownforebears.

60Theboywhofounditonthestreetreturnedthemoneyintact.Wedidnotmolestthebigdogbecausewewereafraidofhim.Themourner’sprofusetearsattheburialwereheartbreaking.Hewasslackinfulfillinghispromisesandresponsibilities.Tartapplestastesharpandarepleasantlyacidintheirtaste.Thisplanlooksallrightinprinciple,butinpracticeitwouldn’tbeviable.Thecarpentersmadetheroofaslanttoallowwatertorundown.Theyconcededthatvictorywasnolongerattainableandagreedtoanegotiatedsurrender.Shecouldnotallowthestrangertoenterherhouse,forshedistrustedhim.Thetableisverygroggy.Ithinkthelegisgoingtofalloff.Theintrepidfiremansavedpersonstrappedinaburningbuildingdisregardingofhisownsafety.Wefoundithardtoliketheboybecauseofhisoverbearingmanners.Onlyarashpersonwouldhaverushedintotheburninghousetosavesomeclothes.Thoughpoliohasbeenpracticallywipedout,therehavebeensporadiccasesofthedisease.Fumesfromautomobilesandfactorychimneysaretoxic.Thedriveravertedanaccidentbyaquickturnofthesteeringwheel.Motherdeducedfrommylossofappetiteswhathadhappenedtothecookies.OurshipembarkedpassengersandwoolatanAustralianport.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第15／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Afterleavingcollege,theyoungmanembarkedonanewbusinesscareer.Theboyhumiliatedhisparentsbybehavingbadlyinfrontoftheguests.Agregariousman,beenjoyedthecompanionshipofalargenumberofjovialfriends.BaseballhasbeencalledAmerican’snationalpastimethroughfourseasons.Theprincerenouncedhisrighttothethrone.Mygrandmotherlikestoreadanewspaperinasnugcornernearthefireplace.Shedoesn’tneedtoborrowabookbecauseshe’sgotumpteenbookswaitingtobereadathome.Theboyblurredthepicturebytouchingitbeforethepaintwasdry.Theslumsweredemolishedbeforethetownwasextended.Educationmakespeopleeasytogovernbutimpossibletoenslave.Manyamanisimpededinhiscareerbyalackofbeliefinhimself.Themotherlulledthebabytosleepbysingingasong.Inthecourttheplaintiffassertedthatthethiefhadstolentwohundreddollarsfromhisstore.Hewasstrongandhealthybuthe’sneverbeenrobustsincehisillness.Wehadastrenuousdaymovingintoournewhouse.Pollutionfromsmokeanddustvitiatestheair.Allhisattemptstoimprovewerevitiatedbyhislackofwillpower.Lesson13Ournationaboundsinopportunitiesforwell-educatedyoungmenandwomen.Hebehavedinsucharrogantmannersinhisfirmthathewasatlastfired.Ittakesalongtimeaswellasmanyexpertsworkingtogethertocompileanencyclopedia.Themurdererentreatedthejudgetoshowmercy,butwassentencedtodeath.Thealleywasfilledwithlotsofgarbageandotherfilth.Itisincumbentonyoutogiveafather’sadvicebeforeyoursonleaveshome.Atsea,everythingthatbreaksthemonotonyofthesurroundingexpanseattractsattention.IhopeIcanreciprocateyourhospitalitysometime.Theshaggydogalwayssleepsinthebedwithher.Hunger,cold,andsicknesswereamongthetribulationsofpioneerlife.Hereadmanybooksintheadolescentstageofhislife.

61Onewhois15yearsoldisnotanadult,butanadolescent.AdolphHitlercommandedautocraticpower;noonecouldrigorouslyopposehisplansordecisions.Allthefurnitureoftheroomwasverycongenialtomytaste.Theroomwasencumberedwithheavyfurniture.Everynightthelittlegirlwashorrifiedbythetiger’scry.Itisnowmanifestthat,ifyoudon’treturnthebooktothelibraryrightnow,youwillhavetopayalatefine.Goodhealthisnotalwaysobtainedbygoodnutrition.Theycouldrepresstheuprisingwiththehelpofthearmy.Theywereaccusedofsmugglingdiamondsfromforeigncountries.Therehasbeenatangibleimprovementinhisschoolwork.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第16／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Theteacherdrewananalogybetweenthehumanheartandapump.Theshipwastossedbytheoceanbillowsinthestorm.Thebombwasdetonatedfromseveralmilesaway;itcausednodamagetoourtown.Theflybecameentangledinthespider’sweb.Duringlongseverewinterssomeanimals,suchasbadgers,groundsquirrels,andsomeinsects,hibernate.Byexperiencewithallkindsofpeoplethedoctorhasdevelopedgreatpowersofintuition.ManyriversinTaiwanarepollutedwithfilthywastefromfactories.Sherevereshergrandfather;heisstrictindecision,butshowsgreataffectiontoher.Thehermitledasolitarylifeinthedeepmountainsfarawayfromthetown.Theyowedtheirlivestothevalorofthefiremen.Thebraveknightdefeatedeachantagonistwhocameagainsthim.Asthedoctorwasfullycognizantofthepatient’sseriouscondition,heactedswiftlytorelieveit.Hisdolefulexpressionshowedthathehadfailedintheexamination.Thefacilityofcommunicationisfargreaternowthanitwasahundredyearsago.Afreebustotheairportisafacilityofferedonlybythishotel.Heimprovisedanewstanzaformtheschoolsongatthefootballgame.Theoldladywasveryinquisitiveaboutwhatherneighborsweredoing.Thepolicemanstoppedthemanwhenhesawagunprotrudingfromhispocket.Heusedtosaythatargumentaddsasavortoconversation.Muchofthecitywassubvertedbytheearthquakeandagreatfire.Lesson14Heisaddictedtoalcoholanddrugs.Doctorsandpolicemendisagreeonhowtocontroldrugdistributionandhandleaddicts.Heisassiduousathisstudies;heworkshardandsteadily,andpayscontinualattentiontohisteacher.Thetwomenconspiredtostealthejewelsandthensellthemtoajewelerinanothercountry.Heissuchanelusiveperson;youneverknowwhereheiswhenyouwanthim.Acheap,gaudysteamboatarrivedatthewharffromSt.louis.Heignitedthematchbyscratchingitonthedesk.Thetradeunionisnegotiatingwiththeemployerstogetabettercontract.Respirationisdifficultatgreatheightsandsomemountaineerswearoxygenmaskstoovercomesuchdifficulty.www.bfsunt.cnThespeakermadeafewfunnyjokestoaddspicetohisspeech.Thecommitteeacceptedtheproposalwithunanimousapproval.Theporeoftheallies’aggregatedtogetherwasgreat,thoughindividuallysomewerequiteweak.Hisvariouswagesfortheyearaggregated$22,000.Theirconversationwasbanalfullofuninterestingremarks,suchas“niceweather”and“slowtraffictoday.”Takingarestinthemountainsisferriedcurativeforbreathingdifficulties.

62Therobbersenforcedobediencetotheirdemandbythreatofviolence.Nooneinthevillagelikesthemanbecauseheisashamelesshypocrite.Itisillegaltointerceptaletterorparcelbeforeitisdelivered.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第17／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Theirenemiespersecutedsomeearlyreligiousleaders.“Don’thurry!”Saidherfatherinsarcasmassheslowlydressed.Wehaveenoughfoodforthepicnic;anymorefoodwouldbesuperfluous.Thereportofthecommitteeofinquirycompletelyvindicateshimanddeclareshisactiontohavebeenrightandproper.Asmileanimatedherfaceasshewenttothegatetomeetherhusband.Manyscientistsnowbelievethattherearesomeworldsinouterspacehavinganimatebeings.Chivalryincludesbravery,loyalty,honor,courtesy,respectforwoman,protectionoftheweak,andgenerosity.Adoctorcannottreatanillnessuntilhehadmadeadiagnosis.Theteacherexemplifiedtheuseofthewordforthestudents.Whenawarimpends,wisementrytopreventitinadvance.Thespeakerhadareallynoblevoice,whichhecouldmodulatewithgreatskill.Theteacher’sprophecythattheboywouldbecomeagreatnationalleaderwaslaterfulfilled.Afterhardworkwecouldfeelthesensuousdelightofahotbooth.Aministerofforeignaffairswholackstactisadangerousman.Thevindictivelittlegirltoreuphersister’spapers.Ifyouhandinyourreportlate,appendanoteexplainingthereasonforthedelay.ThePlainsIndianhasaplentifulandregularsupplyofmeatandskinsbythecommunalbuffalohunting.AfterlearningecologyIcouldseetherelationoflivingthingstotheirenvironmentandtoeachother.He’sdeservedtobepunishedseveraltimes,butI’veforbornefromdongso.Itwasamatterofindifferencetohimwhetherhishandswerecleanordirty.Hewasamediocrestudent;hisacademicrecordswerenotexcellent,butnotbad,either.Herehearsedthestoryofallhissufferingsinprison.Werehearsedourpartsfortheschoolplays.Itisunwisetomakeyourselfsosingularinyourclothes.Mymoodisonlytransient;itwillgoawayprettysoon.Lesson15Thetwosurfacesadheredtoeachother,andwecouldn’tgetthemapart.Hehadtheaudacitytogotothepartywithoutbeinginvited.Thecontiguityofthehouseandthegaragewasaconvenienceinbadweather.Thewitchhadenchantedtheprincesssothatshewouldsleepforamonth.AsthewatchedtheNiagaraFalls,hethoughtofthegrandeurofnature.FromherstoryweinferredthattheywenttotheUnitedStatesunwillingly.Icannotwritealetter,myfingersarenumbwithcold.Pleaseremittheamountofyourbillbycheck.Thegirlwasaccusedofstealingapairofshoes,butbecauseofheryoungagethejudgeremittedtheprisonsentence.Hisskepticalremarkabouttheteam’schancesofwinningmadeusgloomy.TheurbanpopulationofTaiwanhasgreatlyincreasedduringthelasttenyears.Thisisserious,Iamafraidwe’llhavetoamputatehisleg.Allthepeopleinthepartyweredisgustedwithhisbawdyjokes.Sheisveryattractiveinspiteofherslightdeformity.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第18／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03IttookalongtimetoexcavatetheancientcityofTroy.InoldentimesthecoastsofEnglandwerefrequentlyharassedbytheVikings.Hedoesnotdrinkatall;alittlewinemayintoxicatehim.

63Theplacidlakereflectedtheimageoftheoldcastle.MarykickedSusan,andSusanretaliatedagainstherbybiting.Thecatfoundabirdsittingonthebranchandcreptwithstealthymovementstowardit.Heliedtomeaboutmyfriend,andIhavebeenverywaryofhimeversince.Threesurvivorstoldusindetailhowtheregimentwasannihilatedbytheenemy.Intellingastoryweusuallyfollowchronologicalorder.Theyareplanningtodiverttherivertosupplywatersomewhereelse.Themoonlightonthelakeenhancedthebeautyofthescene.Thecriminalhasbeenimprisonedinadrycellforalmost10years.Donotbearmalicetowardhim,heisagoodmeanbynature.Thedriverwasprosecutedforexceedingthespeedlimitontheexpressway.Hestartedaninquiryintothecauseofthefire,andprosecuteditforseveralweeks.Wewereallamusedbythesatiricalcomparisonoflifeatcollegeandinthearmy.Theysubscribetoamonthlymagazineinadditiontoseveraldailynewspapers.Hesubscribedalargeamountofmoneytothecollectionforthehospital.Weheardaweirdshriekfromthedarknessoftheruinedcastle.Aguiltymanapprehendsdangerineverysound.Thethiefwhohadstolenthejewelswasapprehendedbythepoliceandwasputinjail.ShecommutesfromCambridgetoLondoneveryday.Heatandsmokeemittedbythefiremadeitdifficultforthefirementoputitout.Thesoldiersfortifiedthepositiononthehillbybuildingearthworksanderectinglogwalls.Thegovernmentinflictedexcessivelyheavyincometaxesonthepeople.Shecutandpaintedpiecesofpaperthatmimickedflowerssowellthatsomepeoplethoughttheywerereal.Hercalmvoicereassuredthefrightenedchild,andhefeltmuchbetter.Anexcitingnewserialstorywillbegininournextweek’sissue.Thetacticsofpretendingtocrosstheriverandofmakingaretreatfooledtheenemy.Lesson16Hethatneverwasacquaintedwithadversityhasseentheworldbutononeside.Mynewshoeshavemadeblistersonmyheels.Theclatterofmetalplateswasheardfromthekitchen.Mostoftelephonedialsusedigitalnumbers.Hecannotworktoday;hegotagashinhishandwhileaxing.EvenmilitarilyweakandsmallnationshavedefiedUNdecisionswithimpunity.Plantsgrowmuchfasterandstrongerwhentheyaregivenmanure.Glassisnotporous,itdoesn’tallowliquidtopassthrough.Therearealotofshacksintherun-downpartofthetownneartherailroad.Theaveragelifespanofpeoplehasincreasedconsiderablysincethe19thcentury.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第19／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thestrongwindstwitchedthepaperoutofherhand.TheFrenchbattleshipswereplacedwithinthepowerofNaziGermanyinaccordancewitharmisticeterms.Itwouldbeabreachofdutyfortheguardtoleavebeforehisreplacementcomes.Tohelpanewstudentgetorientedfurthersthecomityoftheschool.Someprisonersinthedungeonwillbereleasedtomorrow.Heisagregariousman;heenjoysthecompanionshipofalargenumberoffriends.Theexplorersincurredgreatdangerswhentheytriedtocrosstherapids.Shehasasmallmoleontheleftsideofhernose.Themoledigsholesandpassesundergroundandmakesitshomeinthem.Hehasappliedforapatentonhislatestinvention.

64Thiscoffeeisveryhot.Donotdrinkitquickly,butsipit.Sulfurisfoundabundantlyinvolcanicregions.Thisyear’supsurgeinriceproductionisduetothenewmethodofcultivation.Grandfatherwasanaustereman;heusedtobesilentandverystricttous/WhenIwasinhospital,shecalledonmewithabouquetofrosesinherhand.InthePacificOceantherearemanycoralatollsthatareringlikeislands.Agroupofschoolmastersareholdingaforumonnewwaysofteachinghistory.Onrainydaysthestudentsplaygamesinthegym.“Notlikethat”heinterjectedwhileexplaininghowtotakethemachineintopieces.Somemushroomsaregoodtoeat,some,suchastoadstools,arepoisonous.Theyescapedfromthewreckedshiponaraft.ThechildrenlookedlikeNegroes,theirfacesweresmearedwithsoot.Oneendofapencilistaperedofftoapoint.IhavereadthisFrenchplayviaEnglishtranslation.Newspapersareoftencalledbarometersofpublicopinion.Hecompliedwiththedoctor’sorderthatshouldtakearestathome.Acoxcombspendstoomuchmoneyandtimeonhisclothesandappearance.Insummerthehousenextdoorishiddenluxuriantfoliage.ShemadeherplanforherannualsummerhegiratotheMiamiBeach.Thehunterstracedthefootmarksofatigerandatlasttheyfoundhiminhislair.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第20／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thechildhadaterriblenightmareandawokecrying.Thisreservoirislargeenoughtosupplywatertotheentirecity.Heboughtsomesodtoputinthebarespotsofhislawnyard.Rakeupthetrashesintheyardandburnit.Wewillhavesomegueststonight.Thefurniturewillstayinthewarehouseuntiltheypaythestoragecost.Shevolcanobelchedastaggeringmountoffire,smoke,andashes.It’ssuchachoretodotheshoppingeveryday.Whenshewasaskedasuddenquestion,herfaceturnedcrimsoninembarrassment.Thefugitivehadalreadypackedandboughthisticket.Twowomenwerequarrellingonthestreet,surroundedbyahordeofpeople.Usuallyalinguistisskilledinanumberoflanguagesbesideshiswon.Thepriceofthepetroleumhasbeenraisedtoohighduringthelastfewyears.Maryrumpledherdressbysittingonthefloor.Apersonsneezeswhenhehasacold.Shetwinedherarmsaroundhisneckandkissedhim.Whenwegotinsidethefactory,wecouldn’theartheguideexplainbecauseofthewhirringofthemotors.Lesson17Analloyisoftenharder,lighter,andstrongerthanthepuremetalsofwhichitiscomposed.Thestreetswerenotlightedatnightduringtheblackout.Whoissupposedtocaterforyourdaughter’sweddingnextweek?Heiscrammingfactsanddatesforhishistoryexaminationtomorrow.Hecrammedasmanycandybarsintohispocketsastheywouldhold.Ifyoupaid$200forthewatch,youwerefleeced.Isawitinadepartmentstorefor$70/Thejungleisthenaturalhabitatofwildanimalsandplants.Ilostmykeytothedoor,andIwenttothelocksmithtogetanewone.Hepantedexcitedlygivingusthenewsashehadjustheardit.Don’tusethatoldcart,it’srickety.

65Hehasbeenstigmatizedasacowardandliar.Havingbeeninthedesertwithoutwaterfortwodays,histhirstwasunquenchable.TheastronautsoftheUnitedStatesarereturningtotheearthfromthemoon.Oneagebequeathsitsknowledgetothenext.IntheUnitedStatesthereisacensuseverytenyears.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第21／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Everyoneofthecitywasaskedtojointhecrusadeforbetterhousing.Thestreamwassodeepthatwecouldnotfordit.Thedoghoversaroundthekitchendooreverymealtime.Theywerealldresseduptoattendthemasquerade.Hegotafreetickettotheplaybymasqueradingasafriendoftheactors.Thephoenixisbelievedtolivefor500yearsandthenburnitselfandbebornagainfromtheashes.Somepeoplepreferthedarkbreadmadefromryetothewhitebreadmadefromwheat.Inthefilmhejumpsoffarunningcarandperformsotherdangerousstunts.Themostexcitinggameinhockey,wasHarvardversusYale.Abovealltheartillerywasthedecidingfactorinthebattle.IntheearlydaysoftheWestmanystatespaidabountyforcapturedcriminals.Whenhegotashotagainsttyphus,thechildclenchedhisteethinpain.Isawaburglar,withadirkinhishand,gettingintotheroomwhereshewassleeping.Themurdererentreatedthejudgeformercy,butwassentencedtothegallows.Mysteak,thoughdelicious,wasmostlyfatandbones.Mostofitwasinedible.Themoraleofthefootballteamwasverylowafteritsdefeat.Wearemorepronetomakemistakeswhenwearetired.Wefellproneonthegroundanddrankwaterfromthespring.Therobbersgraspedtheperiloftheirpositionandscuttledaway.Thecarpetwasfastenedtothefloorwithtacks.Afterhisparents’death,thecourtmadehimawardofhisaunt.Theterribleavalancheburiedthewholevillage,andveryJewpeoplesurvivedit.IwassoinahurrythatIleftmybriefcaseathome.Theapartmentisnotcommodiousenoughforhisfamilytolivein.ThebourbondynastyruledFranceformorethantwohundredyears.Afterhegotoutofthebar,hesuddenlybegantoyelldrunkengibberishonthesidewalk.Iinvokedhisforgivenessmanytimes,butfailedtomovehim.Therearemyriadofstarsintheskyatnight,wecannotcountthem.Thousandsofmenandwomenareworkinginthequarrytogetstonesforuseinbuildingthecastle.Povertyanddiseasearecommonintheslums.Hetinkledhiscoinstogetherinhispocket.Theswimmercaughtinthewhirlpoolstruggledtokeepfromdrowning.Weendedourblockadeoftheenemy’sportwhenpeacewasestablished.Thefoxlikestoliveinaburrow;it’swarminwinterandcoolinsummer.Destructionandsufferingarecorollariesofwar.Manyflatteringrelativesfawnedonthericholdman.Hegropedforthelightswitchinthedarkbasement.Heturnedthelatchofthedoorandopeneditsogently.Thesoldierswerefilledwithnostalgiabyhearingmyoldfavoritesong.Thenotesofthehuntinghornresoundedthroughtheforest.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第22／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thefiremansplinteredthelockeddoorwithanaxtosavetheboyintheroom.

66Nooneintheplacesurvivedthecrash;itcrasheddownintosplinters.AtrucewasdeclaredatChristmasbetweenthetwoarmies.ThereisnotasinglegrammarbookonthevernacularofthisAfricantribe.Lesson18Theuseofanestheticsislessthanahundredyearsold.Thefireonthehillwasabeacontothevillagersthattheenemywascoming.Thecoronerconcludedthatthedeathoftheoldwomanwasaccidental.Theydecidedtosettletheirquarrelbyaduel.Peachtreescanbegraftedonplumtrees.“Firstcome,firstserved”isanimpersonalremark.Alargeicebergloomedthroughthethick,grayfog.Asthespeakermadeafunnyjoke,pealsoflaughterrangthroughtheauditorium.Themissingcattlearediscoveredintheannualroundup.Thecowboyworkedallnighttogatherthecattlethathadstraggledbehindtherestoftheherd.Hewassuspectedofhavingulteriormotivesformakinghisgenerousoffer,butinfacthisofferwasfromthebottomofhisheart.TheoldChippendalechairwassoldatagoodpriceattheauction.Theoldmanisfamousforsupercalligraphy.Jeanfeltunabletocopewithdrivinginheavytrafficafterheraccident.Pleasegetsomecucumbersinthevegetablesection;I’llmakepickles.Hergrandfatheris90yearsold,andeverymealtimeshehastopreparegruelforhimbyboilingoatmealinwater.Shehustledoffherchildrentoschoolandstartedworking.Everyyearthearmyandthenavyholdmaneuversforpractice.Shemaneuveredhercarintoanarrowparkingspacewithease.Hewasinaterribleplight,trappedatthebackofthecave.Icametothemeetingtoscoff,butthespeakerpersuadedme.Shewasstunnedbythenewsofhermother’sdeath.Avultureusuallylivesonthefleshofdeadanimals.Afterhisstoreburned,thestorekeeperbecameabankrupt.Itsuddenlybegantoshower,andwetookrefugeinthecavern.Chrysanthemumusuallybloomsinfallandshowsgreatvarietiesinthesizeandcolorofitsflower.Theinhabitantsoftheportareoccupiedmainlywithfishery.Inagustofuncontrollableangerhebrokethepictureinpieces.Shetriedtoingratiateherselfwiththeteacherbyofferingsomepreciousgifts.Thereasonwhywelostthewarwasnotjustbecauseofashortageofmunitions.Thewretchedslavesprostratedthemselvesbeforetheirmaster.Thecampfiresmolderedforseveralhoursaftertheblazedieddown.Thehailbeataloudtatooonthewindowpane.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第23／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Inademocraticsystemitisthepeoplethatwieldthepower.InhisletterhealludedmetoamatterwhichIhadcompletelyforgotten.Achiselandahammerareindispensabletoolsforasculptor.Malcricketsmakeachirpingnoisebyrubbingtheirfrontwingstogether.Aswesteppedintothebush,birdsflittedfromtreetotree.Itwasratherhigh-handedtopunishthechildfortheaccident.Thechildlaggedbehindothersbecausehewasverytired.Younaughtyboy!Itoldyounottoplayontheroad.Weusedtoheartherattleofthemilkbottlesintheearlymorning.

67Sootiscausedbyincompleteburningandmakessmokedark.TheOhioRiverisoneofthetributariesoftheMississippiRiver.Theworkmenmendedtheroad,butaheavystormundidtheirwork.Thechildrenbegantoundothestringroundtheparceltoseewhatwasinit.Theriderbelaboredhistiredhorsewithastick.Afterdinnertheywalkedaroundthecircumferenceofthelake.Incaseoffailureofdirectdescendants,thethronedevolvesuponthenearestprince.Don’tfrettoomuch,everythingwillbeallright.Thewildgeesehonkedhighintheautumnsky.Thegovernmentdecidedtolevyataxontobacco,ithadbeenfreefromtax.Thenewruleoverridesallthepreviousones.Thescatteredsoldierswereralliedinthevaleforthenextattack.Manypeoplesprawledonthebeachintheirbathingsuits.Theoldmantrudgedthroughthedeepsnowbacktowardshome.Lesson19Thesoldierslayinambush,waitingforthesignaltoopenfire.Themajorambushedhistroopsinthewoodsonbothsidesoftheroad.Heisalwaysbraggingaboutwhathecandowithacar.Besurethatyoucleansethewoundbeforebandagingit.TheprofessorwilldeliveradiscourseonthepoeticstyleofJohnKeats.InWorldWarIIthegeneralmadeitapointofpridetodighisownfoxhole.Theinflammationofhiskneemadeitdifficultforhimtowalk.Thehugestoneissoheavythatwecannotmoveitwithoutalever.InarithmeticweusetheArabicnotation(1,2,3,andsoon)orsometimestheRomannotation(I,II,III,andsoon)Alargeransomwasaskedforthesafereturnofthechild.Hesoppedapieceofbreadinmilk;itwastoocrisptoeat.Hischeektingledfromtheslapshehadgivenhim.Alargepercentageofthebudgetisforarmaments.OnSundayshegetsuplateinthemorningandhasabruncharound10:30.Hiscoffinwaslaidtorestinadeepgrave.Themotherenvisionedherlittlegirlasaprimaballerina.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第24／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thegangsterwhohadtakenpartintherobberywasarrestedbythepolice.Theinkhadfadedsothatmanywordswereillegible.Therebellionwasstartedbysomemalcontentswhohadbeendissatisfiedwiththepolicy.Wewilltakearestinthepavilionuntilthegamestarts.Theprisonersescapedoutofthejailundertheshroudofnight.Theroomsoonfilledwiththewaterspurtingfromthebrokenpipe.Heputvarnishonthetabletoptoprotectit,butsomebodyhasscratchedit.Manyoldballadsaresungtonewwords.Thebuttofpipestuckoutfromthewallwherethesinkhadbeenremoved.Thegoatbuttedtheboyandknockedhimdown.Youwillhavetocalltheconsulbeforeyourpassportisexpired.Memoriesofhappierdayswereenshrinedintheoldman’sheart.Hegobbledtheicecreamsofastthathegotaheadache.Wehadtolistentoalongharangueaboutourownshortcomings.Hespentthewholeafternoonmowingthegrassinthebackyard.IntheMiddleAges,manypeopleusedtogoaspilgrimstoJerusalemandtootherholyplacesinEurope.

68Theformersshearedthewoolfromthesheep.Hestrangledhertodeathbyacordputaroundherneck.Thekernelofthewalnutiseatenbyitselforusedincakesorcookies.Beaversarenotedfortheirsillinbuildingdamsacrossstreams.Thecavalryismanysuperiorsinmobilitytotheinfantry.Thefloorcreakedashesteppedonalooseboard.Thefirremainsgreenallyearanditsneedlesaredistributedevenlyaroundthebranch.Duringtheheavystorm,airplanesshouldbekeptinthehangar.Thekerneloftheargumentiswhodiscoveredtheislandsfirst.Whatseemstobeacoldoftenturnsouttobethebeginningofmeasles.Withahugepufftheballoonwasblownupandthensuddenlyburst.Sleetformswhenrainfallsthroughalayerofcoldair.Awoman,aftermarriage,usuallydropshersurnameandtakesthatofherhusband.Womanoftenwearswigsovertheirrealhairforbeautyoffashion.Bleachedboneslayonthehotsandsofthedesert.Chariotswereusedinancienttimesforfighting,racing,andinprocessions.Hehasbeencrippledsincehebrokehisleg.Nowhecan’twalkwithoutapairofcrutches.Sheflirtedwithmanymenbutlovedonlyone.Theywereverypleasedtoseesomegullsflyinginthesky,fullofhopethattheywouldsoongetashore.WhenIboughtanewcar,akitoftoolscamewithit.Thehungrychildrendidnotleaveamorseloffoodontheirplates.Thestrangemechanicaldeviceistheprototypeofmoderncars.Theysetasnareforrabbitsonthehill,butunfortunatelyawildcatwascaughtbyit.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第25／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Whenyousqueezethetrigger,aroundorroundsofammunitionarefired.Whentheburglartrippedthewireittriggeredanalarm.Theweiracrosstheriverstopsorcontrolstheflowoftheriveraboveit.Lesson20Thestudentshaveaccesstothelibraryonlyintheafternoon.Lastyearwehadseveralfloods,wehadanexcessofrain.LongageEskimoslearnedhowtoadapttothecoldtoliveintheArcticRegion.Theclubadoptedanewsetofrulesconcerningitsmembership.Hisadversecriticismdidn’tupsetme,butencouragedme.Myparentsareaversetoourpicnicplan;theydon’tapproveofit.Thegovernmentdecisionswhethertocontinuetheprojectwillaffectthefutureofournationaleconomy.Ihavewarnedhimtodriveslowlyseveraltimes,butitdoesn’thaveanyeffectatall.Thenewsecretaryissincereandquitewithoutaffectation.Hisgentlenessandkindwaysincreasedhiscolleagues’affectionforhim.ThepreacherlikestomakeanallusiontoHomerwhilepreaching.Thewhitewallscreatetheillusionthattheroomisverylarge.Mybirthdaypartyisthebiggestannualeventofmyfamily.Thejudgeannulledthecontractbecauseoneofthesignerswastooyoung.Thecoupleappraisedthehousecarefullybeforeofferingtobuyit.Theclubmemberswereimmediatelyapprisedofhischangeofplans.Weshouldtrytosettlethematterbyargument,notbyfighting.Thekingaugmentedhisporebytakingoverrightsthathadbelongedtothenobles.Themanassuredhimselfthatthebridgewassafebeforecrossingit.Heinsuredhiscaragainstaccident,theft,andfire.

69Don’tforgettocheckyourworktoinsureitsaccuracy.Thedoctortiedupthepatient’sbrokenanklewithabandage.Theyseemtolovebondagemorethanliberty.Packthebooksinasmallcartontocarryiteasily.PoliticalcartoonsoftenrepresenttheU.S.asatallmanwithchinwhiskers,calledUncleSam.Thenovelwasbannedbythecensoraslikelytostirupsuspicionofthegovernmentamongthereaders.Everydictatorcensorsthenewspapersinhiscountry.Theprincipaloftheschoolcensuredthestudentsfortheirrudebehavior.Manypeoplewerekilledinthecollisionbetweenthebusandthecar.Theleadersofthecollusionagainstthegovernmentwerecaughtandpunished.IhaveonlyoneconfidanttowhomIcantellmysecrets.Thedoctorfeltconfidentthathispatientwouldrecoverfrompneumonia.IamSwedish.IsthereaSwedishconsulinOmaha?Thecouncilofministersadvisedthekingtodismissthegeneral.Theyoungmanrefusedtolistentotheoldman’scounsel.Themurdersuspectrefusedtoanswerthequestionsontheadviceofhiscounsel.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第26／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03TheHopkinsesrunthebiggestdairyfarminthestateofArizona.Itisveryrewardingtokeepadiaryofdailyhappenings.Uponhisdeceaseallhispropertiespassedtohiswife.Measlesandchickenpoxaretwodiseasesofchildhood.Itisnotdecenttolaughatacrippledperson.Theroadmakesasharpdescentjustaroundthecorner.ThethreejusticesdissentedfromtheSupremeCourt’sdecision.Dissentamongtheseniormemberswasthemaincauseofthedisintegrationoftheclub.Lesson21Lawrencerodeacamelacrossthedesertonanexploringexpedition.Hehadintendedtodeserthiswifeandchildren,butchangedhismind.Strawberrypieisoneofmymostfavoritedesserts.Manystudentsknowhowtodisassembletheradio,butfewknowhowtoputittogether.Shetriedtodissembleherangerwithasmileonherface.I’vemadeafirstdraughtofmyspeechforFriday,butitstillneedsalotofwork.Thelongdroughthaskilledmostofthecropsinthefields.Sheknowsalotofeligibleyoungmenwhoareallrichandattractive.Theinkhadfadedsothatmanywordswereillegible.Washingtonwaseminentbothasgeneralandaspresident.ThescientistpredictedthatanearthquakewasimminentinTokyoarea.ThemembersexaltedMr.Smithwhentheyelectedhimpresidentoftheassociation.AllthepeopleexultedtofindthatournationalteamwonthegoldmedalintheInternationalBasketballTournament.Thetrapmadeofanoldtincanandsomewireisaningeniousdevice.Theingenuouspersonhadneverthoughtofbeingsuspiciousofwhatotherstoldhim.Whenmylittlebrotherseesmotherholdingthenewbaby,hebecomesjealous.Theclerkinthetoysectionofthedepartmentseemsveryzealousinpleasingthecustomers.ThedressthatMissLeewaswearingatthepartywasmadeofsyntheticmaterial.ThestatesmansaidtheIronCurtaincountrieshadvastresourcesinmanpowerandmateriel.GeorgeWashingtonisknowntobeamoralandjustman.Iamsurethatwewillwinthebattle,themoraleofourtroopsisveryhigh.FreedomofreligiousworshipwasguaranteedtoallsettlersintheNorthwestTerritorybytheordinanceof1787.

70ThepirateshipsintheWestIndieswerearmedwithheavyordnance.Theministerworkedveryhardtomaketheroundsofhisparishandvisitthehomesofthesick.Theysaidthatthisflowerwouldnotperishevenwhenfrostcomes.Thepolicestilldon’tknowwhoperpetratedthemurderofthehousewife.Thismonumentwasbuilttoperpetuatethememoryofthenationalhero.Manypsychologistsareinclinedtoattributetheformationofpersonalityentirelytotheoperationoftheculturalandphysicalenvironment.Thatcarishispersonalyusingitwithouthispermissionisillegal.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第27／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Blessedarethosewhoarepersecutedforrighteousness’sake.Theengineerofthewreckedtrainwasprosecutedforcriminalnegligence.Heprosecutedaninquiryintoreasonsforthecompany’sfailure.Theauthortakeshisportabletypewriterwhereverhegoes.Theysetuppurifyingsystemsindozensofplaceswherethewaterwasnotpotable.Goodcitizensalwaysdowhatthelawsprescribe.Thedoctorprescribedanewmedicineforthepaininmyjoints.Inearlierdays,thechurchproscribeddancingandcardplaying.Slaughteranddestructionareterriblerealitiesofwar.HisrealtyincludesabigmansionandseveralbuildingsinTaipei.NearlyeverycityintheUnitedStateshasastatueofsomefamousman.Amansixfeettallisaboveaveragestatureinthispartoftheworld.Myfamilyisgoingtohaveashortvacationontheeastcoast.Youwillnotmakeagoodteacher,unlessyoufeeltechingisyourvocation.Lesson22MywifeisanalumnaofNationalTaiwanUniversity.PresidentKennedywasanalumnusofHarvardUniversity.MysonandmydaughterarebothalumniofOhioStateUniversity.Catsareamoral,theycan’tbecensuredforkillingbirds.Lyingandstealingareconsideredimmoralconductsineveryhumansociety.Mostscientistsbelievetheirresearchtobeunmoral,nomatterwhattheresultswillbe.StampcollectingaswellasfishingisMr.Evan’sfavoriteavocation.BookkeepingisMr.Jones’vocation,andphotographyishisavocation.Ourschooldoctorrecommendsbiannualvisittothedentist,Iamgoingtothedentist’sforthesecondtimethisyear.Thesophomoresandseniorsaretakingthebiennialexamthisafternoon.Heisreplacingthebrokenchordofhisviolin.Hehadtiedthepackagewithacordbeforehetookittothepostoffice.Heclenchedhisteethtoendurethepainofthewoundsufferedfromtheaccident.Byclinchingnailsoverthecanvastheyheldthetornsailtothemast.ForfiftyyearsormoretheclimateoftheArctichasbeenwarmingupgradually.TheweatherwillbeveryhotandhumidinKaohsiungtoday.Wecomparedtwobookstoseewhichonehadthebetterillustrations.Shecontrastedherpresetnlifeofluxurywiththepovertyofherchildhood.Thewords“snake”and“red”haveunpleasantconnotationsformanypeople.Thedenotationoftheword“home”is“placewhereonelives,”butithasmanyconnotations.CheatingonatestisconsideredoneofthemostcontemptibleactsintheMilitaryAcademy.Therichmaniscontemptuousofmyhumblehomeandpoorsurroundings.Weexperiencedacontinualseriesofhotspellslastsummer.Onholidays,wecanseeacontinuouslineofcarsonhighways.

71Ithardlyseemscrediblethatyoursonhasgrownsotallinoneyear.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第28／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Onlyacredulouspersonwouldfallforthatoldtrick.Anumpiremustbeanentirelydisinterestedbutkeenobserver.Theaudienceyawnedandseemeduninterestedinthepolitician’sspeech.Theofficewhereeverythinghadworkedsosmoothly,becamecompletelydisorganizedafterMrLevineresigned.Formaunion,anunorganizedmobcanaccomplishnothingbutchaos.Awell-balanceddietismadeupofdiversfoods.Agreatmanydiverseopinionswereexpressedatthemeeting,butnonewasworthwhile.Thetrainingairplanehasdualcontrols,oensetforthelearnerandonefortheteacher.Theopposingtwolawyersfoughtadueltosettletheirdifferences.Johnissuchanegoistthatheonlycaresabouthimself.Marianissuchanegotistthatshetalksaboutherselfallthetime.Aftertheshower,thesunemergedfrombehindtheclouds.Heimmergedhisachingfeetinabucketofhotwater.Itisexpectedthatthetotalnumberofemigrantsfromthiscountrywillreach20000thisyear.Californiahasseveralthousandsofimmigrantsfromotherstates.Lesson2Thejudgeabsolvedthemanofthecrime.Theumpireshouldhavenobiasinfavorofeitherside.Ourbaseballteamiscontendingforthechampionship.Wedeploretheterribletrafficaccidentinwhich30personswerekilledand50injured.Theboyfellfromatreeandsufferedfracturesofhisrightarmandleg.AcrowdofgreatmagnitudeattendedthePresident’sinauguration.Thepithofhisspeechwasfocusedontheimportanceofeducation.Ihavenorelishforseeingpeoplebeingwhipped.Tryingnottobeseen,theyquietlysneakedintotheroom.Themessengerbroughttidingsfromthebattlefield.Manypeoplewouldbeaghstatthethoughtofanotherwar.Weshallnotcumberourthoughtwithhisreproaches.Thecitygovernmentdecreedthatalldogsmustbelicensed.Thechildrenwerefrolicingwiththepuppyinthebackyard.TherewasmuchcommercialintercoursebetweenthetwocountriesbeforeWorldWarII.Indryweatherforestfiresareagreatmenace.Iwasstandingontheveryedgeofabank,aprecipicenotlessthanfiftyfeetdeep.Thechurchisgenerallyconsideredasasanctuary.Afteralightspringrain,leavesbegantosproutfromtrees.Shetrodlightlyinordernottowakethesleepingbaby.Thesoldiersstillhadtheirgunsbuttheywereoutofammunition.Adotingmotheralienatesherhusbandbylavishingtoomuchloveontheirchild.Theartistwssoengrossedinhispintingthathedidn’tnotivethepeoplewatchinghim.Ifyougotadeepcutinyourarm,there’susuallyagushofblood.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第29／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thedeepriverwasaninsuperablebarriertothosewhocouldnotswim.Herlifehasbeenfullofordeals,sickness,povertyandlossofherbelovedson.Hekepthistobaccoinaleatherpouchfastenedtothebelt.Thebrakesscreechedandthecarsuddenlystoppedwithajerk.AmanwhoissixfeettalllisbovetheaveragestatureinChina.

72ThePresident’senemiesarespreadingillrumorstounderminehisauthority.Thehouseisunsafesincethefoundationswereunderminedbyfloods.Damagesfromlastweek’sfloodhavebeenassessedat$50000.Thechildrensearchedeachandeverychamberofthehouseforthecat.TheCongressoftheUnitedStateshastwoHouseofRepresentatives.Nowthatsheisrich,shedisdainstospeaktoheroldfriends.OnedayRobinsonCrusoeespiedafootprintonthesand.Thebeautifulglossycoatofthecatshoneasitlayinsunlight.Thejanitorsweptthefloorsandlockedupthebuildingeverynight.Sheboughtapacketofenvelopsatthestationerystore.TheeloquentandornatecarvingonachurchpulpitwasdonebyIndianhands.Themeatwasblackandscorchedoutsidebutstillrawinside.Thegrassisscorchedbysomuchhotsunshineinsummer.Theshipsurgedinthestormyseas,rollingandpitchingwitheachwave.Pots,pansandkettlesareusefulkitchenutensils.Whenthesoldiersranoutofammunition,theyfixedbayonetstotheirrifles.Compassionfortheorphanscausedhimtogivemoneyfortheirsupport.Lazyboyssometimesaredetainedatschooltodoextraworkafterordinarylessonsarefinished.Thepolicedetainedthesuspectedthiefformorequestioning.Afactioninourclubtriedtomakethepresidentresign.Thediamondshoenwitheveryhueunderthebrightsun.Hepolishedthemetaluntilithadafineluster.Thedeedsorheroesaddlustertoanation’shistory.Heperseveredinhisstudyuntilhesucceded.Becauseofhishighfever,thesickmanravedallnight.Heintendedtoslayhisfatheer’smurderer.Thedoctortoldhertotakethreetabletsaday.Nowadaysanactresswithvoluptuousbeautyseemstobemorepopularthantheonewithintelligentlook.Lesson3Theonlyaccesstothefarmhouseisacrossthericefields.Onlyhighofficialshadaccesstotheemperor.Theguideforvisitorsbeckonedustofollowhim.Iconcurwiththespeakerincondemningeverycriminal.Thissummertwoweeksofrainconcurredwithourvacation.Hewasdenouncedasacowardandtraitor.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第30／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Thefirstblowmakestheanger,butthesecondmakesthefray.Longwearhadfrayedthecollarandcuffsofhisoldshirts.Heavyclothinghamperedthemovementsoftheclimbers.Cancerandtuberculosisareseriousmaladiesineverycountry.Theoldmanwasploddingwearilyalongthebankoftheriver.Sincethefactorymoved,thistownhasonlyaremnatofitsformerpopulation.Thechildwithacoldinhisnosesnoredallnight.Bloodtingedthewaterashewashedhiswound.Itwasnecessaryforthemtohaveremediesfortheirailments.Thechildrenarebickeringwitheachotheraboutwhoisthetallestamongthem.Theinventorcontrivedanewkindofenginewithfewermovingparts.Thebrightlightofthemotorcaronthedarkcountryroaddazzledmyeyres.

73Shefumbledaboutinherhandbagforapentowriteamemorandum.Poorfoodandhardworkimpairedherhealthandshebecamethin.Theparentsweremortifiedbytheirchildren’sbadbehaviorbeforetheguests.TheUnitedStatesbecamethepredominatnationintheWesternHemisphere.Heworkedtoimprovethesanitarycondtionsofslums.Healwayskeepsalotofmoneyinhiswallet.Doyouconsiderthewildbehaviorofthecrowdwasenoughofawarrantforthepolicetouseforce?Thefordfoundationallocatedmillionjsofdollarsforcancerresearch.Thebrawlinthestreetcouldbeheardinthehousenearby.Theboysmadeseveralcynicalremarksjtocoveruptheirdisappointmentatbeingleftoutoftheplay.Sheembellishedthesimpledresswithcolorfullacesandribbons.Thedefenceofthealamowasaheroicactionofgallantmen.Heimmersedhisachingfeetinabucketofcoldwater.Herodehisnewbicycleupanddowninfrontofourhouseinanostentatiousway.Soapyfollowedthemanwithapresentimentthatluckwouldagainrunagainsthim.Shewassosatiatedwithbananasthaatshewouldnotevenlookatone.Thefieldofwheatwasundulatinginthebreeze.Ashopsellingwoman’sapparelisatthecornerofthestreet.Hecajoledhisfridendsintodecidinginhisfavor.Youcandiscardyouroldcoatbutnotyouroldfriends.Duringthemiddleages,Greekcivilizationdeclinedandbecameeffete.ShehashadagrudgeagainstmeeversinceIdisagreedwithher.Fourmenkidnappedthelittlegirl,buthepolicesooncaughtthemandrescuedthegirl.Thereissomehopethatapeacepactwillbesignedbetweenthetwocountries.shepriestooocloselyitnotheprivatelifeofherfriends.Menscouredthewholdcoundtrylookingforthelostchild.Theservantscouredthefryingopanuntilitshonelikesilver.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=29（第31／32页）2009-1-21上午03:01:03Heswaggereddownthestreetafterwinnignthefight.Thebuildingofthishouseintheshapeofthetemplewasarichman’svagary.Abilitytogetalongwithpeopleisanassetinbusineess.Therewasadeepopoliticalchasmbetweenthetwocountrieswhichnearlyledtoawar.ThecitiesofGreeceandAsiaweredespoiledoftheirmostvaluableornaments.Ibecameangrywiththelittleboyathisfacetiousremarks.Thewingoftheairplancecameoffandthemachinehurtledtotheground.Hewantedtobeacusedoflarceny,becausehefeltcomfortableinprison.Hesworkedsohardthatthewearinesspervadedhiswholebody.Thoughhewastorturedtomakehimchangehisreligiontheprisonerwouldnotrecant.Helefthisaffairsinacompleteshambleswhenhedied.Eatinghumanfleshisatabooincivilizedcountries.Heworeallthetrappingsofhighoffice.Lesson4Whenthekingabdicatedhisthrone,hisbrothersucceededhim.Abilitytothinkclearlywillaccruetoyoufromgoodhabitsofstudy.Thesalesmanhasbeenbadgeringmyfatherfortwoweekstobuyanewcar.Theysucceededinbafflingtheenemy’sattackplans.Heconjecturedthathisnewstockswouldriseonehstockmarket.Thepoorwoman’smindhasbeenderangedformanyyears.

74Thenativesthoughttheexplorerwaspossessedbyafiend.10天记住10000单词（2）请输入关键字减小字体增大字体Themotherwaspiningtoseehersonanddaughter.Thegasalmostsmotheredthecoalminersbuttheygotoutintime.Thelongclimbupthemountainmadeherheartthrobrapidly.Manypeopleusuallydrinkhotbrothwhentheyaresick.Sometinyplantsgrowinthecreviceofthestonewall.Theduke’ssondemeanedhimselfbydoingmanualbaborwithhisservants.Wefosteredtheyounggirlwhilehermotherwasinhospital.Ourcountryhasprosperedbyvariousincentivesystems.Aguideledusthroughthemazeoftunnelsinthecave.Sheporedoverthepicturebookinsilenceenjoyingthevariouscolors.Likehumanskin,soilhasholesthatarecalledpore.PickuptherubbishandthrowitinthegarbageanWedon’tneedtospeculateaboutthepossiblewinnerinthegame.Sweetmusiccaughtandheldhimtransfixedaainsttheironfence.Abirdthatcannotflyisananomaly.Ifyoulookattheendofyournose,youreyesconverge.Wehaveaduplicatekeytothefrontdoor.Therewerefewpeacefulepochesinthehistoryofourcountry.Hungerandsufferingfromcoldhadmadethelosthikersgaunt.Theincessantbarkingofthedogkepthimawakethroughthenight.Thoughtheteacheraskedasimplequestionaboutherparents,thelittlegirlstoodmutewithembarrassment.HewasapassiontepartisanofthesepeopleandhadorganizedaWorker’sUnion.Theparentsofthesickboyscannedthedoctor’sfaceforasignofhope.Shescannedthenewspaperinafewminutes.Hestabbedapieceofmeatfromtheplatewithhisfork.Itriedtocookanicedinner,butI’mafraidI’veratherbotchedit.Hernewshoeschafedtheskinonbothherfeet.Afterabriskmoringwidndissipatertheclouds,theskywasclearallday.Thefoolishsondissipatedhisfater’sforturnbyspendingitondrinkingandgambling.Theinscriptionsontheancientmonumentshavebeeneffacedbytime.Therewasaglintinhereyesthatshowedshewasangry.Overtimeworkisoftenonerous,thoughitiswellpaid.Thegirldidnotmovethoughthepolicemaniteratedhiscommandhatshego.Mostboyshaveapropensityofplayingwithmachinery.Mothersingedchickentogetridofhairs.Thelittleboyputonhisfather’smedalsandstruttedaroundtheroom.Therearemanykindsofdiseasesthatmedicalscienceisyetotunravel.Hebellowedinpainwhenthehammercamedownonhisfinger.Thehorsebackriderdrewhiscloaktightlyaroundhimintherain.Hisfriendlybehaviorwasacloakforhisevilintention.TheministrywasavverydevoutmananddevotedhiswholdlifetoChristianmissionwork.Amanappearedatthecastlegateintheguiseofthewoodcutter.Thepowerofagrainofwheattogrowintoaplantremainslatentifitisnotplanted.Hepawnedhiswatchtobyuyfooduntilhecouldgetajob.Whenthecannonwasfiredtheearthquakedunderhisfeet.

75Faminehasoftenbeenthesequelofwar.Aftertheshipsank,salvageofitsargowasimpossible.Thebattlewaswonwithsogreatalossofsoldiersthatitwasavirtualdefeat.Hedoesthingsthataremarvellousorapparentlyimpossible,heisawizard.Vocabulary22000ImaginationRadiatingMethodSkillYoungBenfranklinlearnedtheprintingtradebyservingasanapprentivetohishalfbrotherJames.Ericisclumsywithtools;hehaslittlemechanicalaptitude.Tobuildahouse,youneedtheservic3sofcarpenters,bricklayers,plumbers,electricians,andseveralothercraftsmen.Youcan’texpectanapprenticetohavethesamedexterityasamastercraftsman.Ouradroitpassingenabledustoscorefourtouchdowns.Jackisanambidextroushitter;hecanbatright-handedorleft-handed.LeonardodaVinciwasremarkablyversatile.Hewasapainter,sculptor,architect,musician,engineerandscientist.PovertyByhardwork,manyAmericanshaveraisedthemselvesfromindigencetowealth.Housewivescaneconomizebybuyingtheirmilkingalloncontainers.Theincreaseinduesisonly10cents.Itwillnotimpoverishanymemer.Thesevereearthquakekilledhundredsofpeopleandleftthousandsdestitute.Theoldmanhadnothingtoeatbutbreadandcheese;yetheofferedtosharethisfrugalmealwithhisvisitor.Anallowanceof$200aweekforlunchesandfaresisn’tmuch,butyoucangetbyonitifyouarefrugal.WealthPeoplewhosufferfromavaricespendmuchlessandsavemuchmorethantheyshould.Withhiswife’sdowry,theyoungattorneywasabletoopenalawoffice.Toownanexpensivehome,ayacht,andalimousine,youhavetobeamanofmeans.DickenscontraststheopulenceofFrance’snobilitywiththeindigenceofherpeasants.Petercovetedhisneighbor’sfarmbutcouldnotgethertosellit.Ifyourbrotherpaid$400forthatcar,hewasfleeced.themechanicsaysitisworth$150.Tomhadareputationasamiserwhohoardedeverypennyhecouldgethishandson.Thenewwingtothehospitalwasmadepossiblebyagiftof$500000fromanaffluentcontributor.Peoplewhokeepspendingmorethantheyearnusuallygetintofinancialdifficulties.Theyoungheirwaswarnedthathewouldsoonhavenothingleftifhecontinuedtobelavishwithmoney.Vera’scompositionisgood,butitdoesn’tdeservethelavishpraisethatLindagaveit.Torunarestaurantisalucrativebusiness.FearAheroriskshislifetohelpothers;acravenrunsfromthescene.IthoughtCarolwouldbenervouswhenshemadeherspeech,butshedelivereditwithouttrepidation.Bravemendefytyrants,insteadofcoweringbeforethem.Theyoungerboyswouldnothavegivenuptheplayingfieldsoquicklyiftheolderboyshadn’tintimidatedthem.Severalapprehensiveparentstelephonedtheschoolwhenthechildrenwerelateingettinghomefromthemuseumtrip.Itwasdastardlyofthecaptaintodesertthesinkingvesselandleavethepassengerstofendforthemselves.Iftheotherteamchallengesus,weshouldaccept.Let’snotbesotimid.CourageRobertE.PearywonworldwidefameforhisexploitsasanArcticexplorer.Thecaptainshowedremarkablefortitudeincontinuingtoleadhismendespiteapainfulwound.Riskingseriousinjury,theoutfieldermadeanaudaciousleapagainsttheconcretewallandcaughtthepowerfullyhitball.Afterwehadwaitedforabouttwentyminutes,anaudaciousfreshmancamealongandtriedtogetinattheheadofourline.Concealment

76InspectorJavertdiscoveredthatJohnSmithwasnotthemayor’srealnamebutanaliasforJeanValjean,theex-convict.JeanValjean,aliasJohnSmith,wasarrestedbyInspectorJavert.Ihavereadthefirsthomeworkproblemseveraltimesbutcan’tunderstandit.Maybeyoucanhelpmewiththisenigma.GeneralBraddock’stroops,marchingincolumns,wereeasytargetsfortheIndianslurkingbehindtrees.Tofindaquietplacetostudy,brucehadtosecludehimselfintheattic.BeforetheRevolutionaryWar,anundergroundorganization,knowastheSonsofLiberty,uasedtoholdclandestinemeetingsBoston.Agoodeducationwillelpyoudiscoveranddevelopyourlatenttalents.Theburglarmusthavebeenverystealthyifhewasabletogetpastthetwowatchmenwithoutbeingnoticed.Disclosurehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第3／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thewhiteflagofsurrenderisanavowalofdefeat.ThemagazinehasappriseditsreadersofanincreaseinratesbeginningJanuary1.ItoldmysecretonlytoMargaretbecauseIknewshewouldnotdivulgeit.Byquestioningthewitness,theattorneyelicitedthefactthatitwasrainingatthetimeoftheaccident.Thenewstudentwasgoinginthewrongdirectionuntilsomeoneenlightenedhimthathisroomisattheotherendofthehall.MyartteachertoldmyparentsthatIhavefailedtomanifestanyinterestinhersubject.Itisnowmanifestthat,ifIdonotdomywork,Iwillfailthecourse.Theteacherdidn’tbelievethatNedwasannoyingmeuntilshesawhimintheovertactofpullingmyhair.AgreementThoughweareinaccordonwhatourgoalsshouldbe,wedifferonthemeansforachievingthem.ThestatesborderingontheDelawareRiverhaveenteredintoacompactforthesharingofitswater.Atfirst,theunionandmanagementwerefarapartonwages,buttheyfinallycametoacompromise.WhenIaskedmyEnglishteacherifImightchangemytopic,hereadilyaccededtomyrequest.Whenanewstyleinclothesappears,womenusuallyhatentoconform.TherankofsecondlieutenantintheArmycorrespondstothatofensignintheNavy.Gilbert’sskillasawriterdovetailedSullivan’stalentasacomposer,resultinginthefamousGilbertandSullivanoperattas.Afterourquarrel,mybrotherandIrefusedtotalktoeachotheruntilMotherreconciledus.Themayorhasbannedalllawnsprinklingbecauseofthewatershortage.However,ifthereservoirsfillup,hemayrelentsomewhat.MissEvansknowsthatArthurandIcan’tbeonthesamecommittee.We’renotcompatible.Bybringingupanunrelatedmatteryouarenotbeingconsistentwithyourpreviousstatementthatweshouldsticktothetopic.DisagreementTheteacherhaltedthealtercationbyseparatingthetwoopponentsbeforetheycouldcometoblows.Ourpartyhopestorepairthecleavageinitsrankssothatitmaypresentaunitedfrontinthecomingelections.BillybuddputanendtothediscordaboardtheRIGHTS-OF-MAN.Hewasanexcellentpeacemaker.Eightystudentscametothedancebutonlyseventy-fourticketswerecollectedatthedoor.Canyouaccountforthisdiscrepancy?Atthebudgethearing,therewasconsiderablefrictionbetweenthesupportersandtheopponentsofhighertaxes.Somebusinessdisputescanbesettledoutofcourt;othersrequirelitigation.Theofficialantagonizedtheleaderofhisownpartybyaccusinghimofcowardice.Thevoteapprovingtheamendmentwasfarfromunanimous;sixmembersdissented.Motoristswhodisregardtrafficregulationseventuallybecomeembroiledwiththelaw.Aquarreloveraninheritanceestrangedthebrothersformanyyears.WhenIleft,twoneighborswerequarrelingnoisily.WhenIreturnedanhourlater,theywerestillwrangling.Itisdoubtfulwhetheranyonecanmakepeacebetweentheestrangedpartners;theyhavebecoemirreconcilable.

77Cynthiaisanindependentthinker.Heropinionsareoftenatvariancewiththoseoftherestoftheclass.Eatinghttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第4／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thereisashelfinourkitchenforpepper,salt,mustard,catsupandothercondiments.IhadasecondhelpingandwouldhavetakenathirdexceptthatIdidn’twanttobeconsideredaglutton.Thehikesweresohungrythattheydevouredthehamburgersasfastastheywereserved.Onasultryafternoonyoumayfindalonglineofpeopleatthedrinkingfountain,waitingtoslaketheirthirst.Nevereatwildmushrooms,eventhoughtheylookedible.Theymaybepoisonous.Thewatermelonwasveryluscious.Everyonewantedanotherslice.Themaindishhadlittleflavor,butImadeitpalatablebyaddingcondiments.Thesteakwillbedryifyouleaveitintheovenlonger.Takeitournowifyouwantittobesucculent.Johnwouldnotbeoverweightifhewerenotsuchavoraciouseater.Size/QuantityAfterthetestIthoughtatfirstIhaddoneverywell,thenquitewell,andfinally,poorly.Iranthegamutfromconfidencetodespair.Ifyoumakethesamemistakeagain,despiteallmywarnings,Iwillnothaeoneiotaofsympathyforyou.Shoppingforclothescanbeasmallmatterforsome,butaproblemofthegreatestmagnitudeforothers.Atthoselowwages,fewwillapplyforthejob.Whowantstoworkforapittance?Ourcommitteedoesn’tneedanymorehelp.Wehavesuperabundanceofhelpers.Sincethefootballhaslostair,weshallneedapumptoinflateit.Thegamewillbeplayedinacolossalarenawithaseatingcapacityofmorethan60,000.Evenduringchangeofclassesthereisnocrowdingbecausethehallsandstairwaysarecommodious.Inoursciencelessontomorrowweshallconsiderwhetherspaceisboundedorinfinite.Ifthereisanysaltinthissoup,itmustbeinfinitesimal.Ican’ttasteit.FrankkeptmybookforsuchaninordinatelengthoftimethatIshallneverlendhimanythingagain.Thetroublewithyourstudyingisthatyouspendtoomuchtimeonpicayunedetailsandnotenoughonthereallyimportantmatters.Theskyscraperdwarfsthesurroundingbuildings.bycomparisontoit,theyseempuny.WeaknessButhesoonovercamethisinfirmity.Thepatienthadbeensodebilitatedbythefeverthathelackedthestrengthtositup.Evervatedbytheheat,werestedunderashadytreeuntilourstrengthwasrestored.Ruthwillbeabsenttoday.Sheisincapacitatedbyasorethroat.Whenindustrymovesaway,aflourishingtownmayquicklybecomedecadent.Billrodepastthestreetonahorsethatlookeddecrepitandabouttocollapse.Uptheroadwasanabandonedfarmhouse,partiallyinruins,andnearitabarn,evenmoredilapidated.JudyunderstandsalgebrawellbutIhaveonlyaflimsygraspofthesubject.Tobeanastronaut,youmustbeinrobuthealth.Itisnotanoccupationforafrailperson.StrengthForcenturiestheBritishregardedtheirnavyastheirprincipalbulwarkagainstinvasion.ThefortifiedcityofSingaporewasonceconsideredunconquerable.In1942,however,thiscitadelfelltotheJapanese.IambetterthanJackinEnglishbutnotinmath;thatishisforte.Therobustyoungpitcherperformedwithhisusualvigorforseveninnings,butheweakenedintheeighthandwasremovedhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第5／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52fromthegame.Ifyoufeelenervatedbytheheat,tryaswiminthecoolocean.Itwillinvigorateyou.Excusesfornothandingworkinontimevary.Someareflimsy,as,forexample,”Ileftitathome.”Othersaremorecogent,suchasaphysician’snote.

78IfyouelectJessica,youmaybesureshewillpresentourviewsforcefullyandenergetically.Sheisaverydynamicspeaker.Ourhopesforaneasyvictorysankwhenouropponentstookthefield.Theyweremuchtallerandhuskier,andtheylookedformidable.BeforeWorldWarII,theFrenchregardedtheirMaginotLineasanimpregnablebulwarkagainstaGermaninvasion.Thelifeguardwasinexcellentphysicalcondition.Ihadneverseenanyonemorerobust.Afterthedoggottheball,Itriedtodislodgeitfromhertenaciousjaws,butIcouldn’t.Yourprotestwastoomild.Ifithadbeenmorevehement,thedealermighthavepaidattentiontoit.NeglectTheroyalsmustbeontheplayingfieldby4p.m.iftheydonotappear,theywilllosethegamebydefault.ThefinancecompanytookawayMr.Lee’scarwhenhedefaultedonthepayments.Themotoristwasgivenaticketforignoringastopsign.Someofthestudentsintheplayneglectedtheirstudiesduringrehearsals,butaftertheperformancetheycaughtupquickly.Forleavinghispost,theguardwaschargedwithneglectofduty.Beforehisinjury,Mikeusedtojumpfromthestairs,heedlessofthe“NoJumping”sign.Nowhepaysattentiontoit.Unfortunately,ImadeaninadvertentremarkaboutIrma’sfailurewhileshewaspresent.Theownerofthestolencarwashimselfremiss.heleftthekeysthevehicle.Youwouldnotexpectanyonesoneatinherpersonalappearancetobeslovenlyinherhousekeeping.CareMybrother’ssolicitudeovergettingintocollegeendedwhenhereceivedwordthathehadbeenaccepted.Thenightwatchmenwhoapprehendedthethiefwspraisedforhisvigilance.Ourteachersaidthatwemighthaveatest,butIdidn’theedher.That’swhyIwasunprepared.TheguardatthegtescrutinizzedHarvery’spassbeforelettinghimin,buthejustglancedatmine.YouwerediscreetnottosayanythingaboutourplanswhenHarrywashere.Hecan’tkeepasecret.Beforesigningacontract,oneshouldreaditcarefully,includingthefineprint.Thisisonecasewhereitpaystobemeticulous.Mr.Brooksrefusedtobeajudgebecausehiswife’snieceisacontestant.Heisveryscrupulous.GeneralBraddockmightnothavebeendefeatedifhehadbeenwaryofanambush.ResidenceOntheirsafari,thehuntersstalkedlions,tigers,andotherferociousdenizensofthejungle.Theannouncementread:”TheCoopershavemovedandinviteyoutovisitthemattheirnewdomicile,22AppleStreet.”Whenthewardentookcharge,theprisonhadfewerthan100inmates.TheentireRussofamilyarenativesofNewJerseyexceptthegrandparents,whowereborninItaly.Tobacco,potatoes,andtomatoesarenativeAmericanplantsthatwereintroducedintoEuropebyexplorersreturningfromtheNewWorld.Nomadshavenofixedhomesbutmovefromregiontoregiontosecuretheirfoodsupply.Onhertriphome,JanewillstopinSt.Louisforatwodaysojournwithrelatives.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第6／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Hundredsofthousandsofsuburbanresidentsregularlycommutetothecity.BecausetheywerepersecutedinEngland,thePuritansmigratedtoHolland.Inwinter,manyEuropeanbirdsmigratetotheBritishIslesinsearchofamoretemperateclimate.MostoftheIndiansoftheNorthAmericanplainsarenomadic.Afterlivingabroadoratime,Robertbecamehomesickforhisnativeland.DisobedienceTheunionshoweddefianceofthecourtorderagainstastrikebycallingtheworkersofftheirjobs.Parkingatthebusstopisillegal.Motoristscommittingthisinfractionareheavilyfined.Whentherevoltbrokeout,thegovernmentordereditstroopstoarresttheinsurgents.Theinsurrectionwaseasilysuppressed,lessthanadozenbeingslainonbothsides.Theworkstoppagewascausedbyafewmalcontentswhofelttheyhadbeenignoredwhenthepromotionsweremade.

79Theauthorofthepamphletadvocatingtheoverthrowofthegovernmentwasarrestedforsedition.Jack’spreviousrecordshowedhehadbeenanobedientstudentandhadnevertransgressedschoolregulations.Theownererecteda“KeepOFF”signtodiscouragestrangersfromtrespassingonhisland.Doasmothersays.Ifyouareinsubordinate,fatherwillprobablyhearofit.ThoughIhadcarefullyexplainedtheshorterroutetohim,theperverseyoungstercamebythelongerway.ObedienceEveryschoolday,millionsofchildren“pledgeallegiancetotheflagoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaandtotherepublicforwhichitstands.”ThoughIwasn’tenthusiasticaboutTom’splantogofishing,Iacquiescedinitbecausethereseemednothingelsetodo.Husbandsasaruledonotdecideonthecolorsofhomefurnishingsbutdefertotheirwivesinthesematters.Mr.Walker,whohadbeentoldthathewasgettingadisciplinedclass,wassurprisedtofinditunruly.Thoughheboastedhewouldneverbetakenalive,theoutlawsubmittedwithoutastrugglewhenthepolicearrived.Daniseasytoeach,buthisbrotherisnotsodocile.Onlytwoofthegirlsprotestedwhentheywereorderedoffthefield.Therestweretoomeektocomplain.WetriedtogetJoetochangehismind,buthewasnotpliable.Perhapsyoucaninfluencehim.Forhiscabinet,thedictatorwantedtractablemen.Therefore,heappointednoonewhomhecouldnotcontrol.TimeMysisterdawdlesoverthedishes.Mothergetsthemdonewithoutwastingtime.Mostofthepicnickerstookcoverwhenrainseemedimminent.Thefewthatprocrastinatedgotdrenched.Wehadplannedtostayonlyforlunchbut,atourhost’sinsistence,weprotractedourvisituntilafterdinner.Carl’ssorearmisnotanewdevelopmentbutthereturnofachronicailment.Rhodaisachroniccomplainer.Sheisalwaysdissatisfied.Whenthestrikeissettled,therewillprobablybeanincreaseinwagesandaconcurrentincreaseinprices.Bythesuddendarkeningoftheskiesandthethunderinthedistance,wecouldtellthatrainwasimminent.Certainseriousdeseasescanbesuccessfullytreatedifdetectedinandincipientstage.Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds,becausetheshowerswereintermittent.Don’tthinkthatwarhasplaguedonlyourtimes.Ithasbeenaperennialcurseofman.Somegrasseslastonlyayear.Othersareperennial.Thoughpoliohaspracticallybeenwipedout,therehavebeensporadiccasesofthedisease.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第7／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52NecessityTheunionandmanagementheldalengthymeetingwithoutgettingtotheessenceofthemen’sdissatisfaction-lowwages.Amarkofatleast75%inBasicArtisaprerequisiteforAdvencedArt.Canyourfamilyaffordtheextraexpensethatalargerapartmententails?Mr.BrowntoldEllenthatherrefusaltoworknecessitatessendingforherparents.Ifyourfriendereintrouble,wouldn’tyoufeelobligedtogohishelp?HelenhasagreedtolendmethebookIneed.Thisobviatesmytriptothelibrary.Statelawmakesattendanceatschoolcompulsoryforchildrenofcertainages.Wereitnotforyourgratuitousinterference,thechildrenwouldhavequicklysettledtheirdispute.Ifyouhavefailedasubjectyouneedforgraduation,itisimperativethatyougotosummerschool.Danfeltitincumbentonhimtopayforthewindow,sincehehadhittheballthatbrokeit.Wecandowithoutluxuriesandentertainment.However,food,shelter,andclothingareindispensable.Beforepreparingfortomorrow’sparty,Ihavesomemoreprssingmatterstoattendto,suchasfinishingmyreport.Sincewealreadyhaveenoughfoodforthepicnic,pleasedon’tbringanybecauseitwillonlybesuperfluous.希腊词根Aut,Auto---selfInherautobiographyTheStoryofMyLife,Helenkellertellshowunrulyshewasasayoungchild.Theautocratwasreplacedbyarulerresponsibletothepeople.

80Thebaseballstarwrotehisautographforanadmirerwhocameuptohimwithapencilandscorecard.Manyworkershavelosttheirjobsasaresultofautomation.Anautocratprefershissubjectstobeautomatons,ratherthanintelligenthumanbeings.AfterWorldWarII,manycoloniesweregrantedautonomyandbecameindependentnations.Thecauseoftheactor’ssuddendeathwillnotbeknownuntiltheautopsyhasbeenperformed.Whenyouwithdrawmoney,thebankcomparesyoursignaturewiththeoneinitsfilestoseeifitisauthentic.Youdonothavetodefrostthisrefrigeratorbecauseitisequippedwithanautomaticdefroster.TheAlumniAssociationisnotunderthecontroloftheschool.Itisacompletelyautonomousgroup.Cracy---governmentBefore1789,Francewasanaristocracy.WhentheRevolutionof1789began,manymembersoftheFrencharistocracyfledtootherlands.GermanyunderAdolfHitlerwsanautocracy.Themayorwascriticizedforsettingupaninefficientbureaucracyunresponsivetotheneedsofthepeople.FrancehelpedtheThirteenColoniesestablishthefirseNewWorlddemocracy.Ifonlymillionairescanaffordtorunforoffice,weshallquicklybecomeaplutocracy.Manyareopposedtoatechnocracybecausetheydonotwishtoberuledbytechnicalexperts.Anaristocratwouldliketoseenoblemenincontrolofthegovernment.WinstonChurchillwasbornanaristocrat;hewasthesonofSirRandolphChurchill.TheSenatorusedtobeaRepublicanbutisnowaDemocrat.Dem,Demo---peopleNoresponsibleleader,onlyademagogue,wouldtellthepeoplethat,ifelected,hewillsolvealltheirproblems.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第8／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thehighrateofabsenceinthelowergradeslastspringwascausedbythemeaslesepidemic.Federalaidwasgrantedtothedepressedareawhereunemploymenthadrisentoepidemicproportions.Theadoptionofthe19thAmendment,givingwomenthefranchisegreatlydemocratizedtheUnitedStates.Anationcannotbeconsidereddemocraticunlessitsleadersarechosenbythepeopleinfreeelections.Pan,panto---completeAtwo-weekvacationiswonderfulforfatigue,butwillnotcurebaldnessorimprovevision.Itisnopanaca.ThehugecrowdsinTimesSquakegrewnoisierastheoldyeartickedaway,andwhenmidnightstrucktherewaspandemonium.Theopposingknights,mountedandinfullpanoply,awaitedthesignalforthetournamenttobegin.ThetopoftheEmpireStateBuildingaffordsanexcellentpanoramaofNewYorkCityandthesurroundingarea.NotuntilTHEGREATDICTATORdidCharlieChaplinplayaspeakingpart.Allhispreviousroleswereinpantomime.ThePan-AmericanHighwaylinksallofthecountriesoftheWesternHemisphereromAlaskatoChile.Chron,Chrono---timeItisananachronismtosaythatwilliamShakespeare“typed”hismanuscripts.OneoftheearliestaccountsofKingArthuroccursina12th-centurychronicleofthekingsofBritain.BrucenamedallthePresidents,buthemadeanerrorinchronologywhenheplacedUlyssesS.GrantafterAbrahamLincoln,insteadofafterAndrewJohnson.Themagazinesinthisfilearenotinchronologicalorder.IfoundtheFebruaryissueaftertheOctoberone.Theclocksinthelibraryneedtobesynchronized;oneisaminuteandahalfbehindtheother.Themillionairewhowascaughtshopliftingwasfoundtobesufferingfromkleptomania.ForastudentwithanAaveragetoquitschooltwomonthsbeforegraduationissheermania.ThoughIamstillfondofstampcollecting,InolongerhavethemaniaforitthatIoriginallyhad.ThederangedbehaviorofJohn’sbrotherleaveslittledoubtthatheisamaniac.Thepresonarrestedforsettingthefirehadbeensuspectedofpyromaniaontwopreviousoccasions.Thecustomerprotestedinsuchaloud,violent,andmaniacalmannerthatonlookersthoughthehadlosthissanity.Ped---child

81Therearefourdifferentencyclopediasinthereferencesectionofourschoollibrary.Patientsrecoveringfrombrokenlimbsarehousedinthehopital’sorthopedicward.Anewteacherusuallyreceivesagreatdealofhelpfromthemoreexperiencedpedagogues.Mr.Brown’slessonsareusuallyexcellent.Heisamasterofpedagogy.Whenthebabydevelopedafever,MothertelephonedthepediatricianFromthenumberofbabycarriagesoutsidehisoffice,youcantellthatDr.Endersspecializesinpediatrics.Ortho---correctAstudentwhowearsbracesonhisteethisobviouslyunderthecareofanorthodontist.AmericanandEnglishorthographyareverymuchalike.Adeformityofthespineisaconditionthatrequirestheattentionofanorthopedist.TherewsnoreligiouslibertyintheMassachusettsBayColony.RogerWilliams,forexample,wasbanishedbecausehedidnotacceptorthodoxPuritanbeliefs.VaccinationwasrejectedasunorthodoxwhenDr.Jennerfirstsuggestedit.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第9／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Gen,Gena---raceDianacantraceherdescentfromanancestorwhofoughtintheCivilWar.Iknowmuchlessaboutmyowngenealogy.Accordingtolegend,theTrojanWarhaditsgenesisinadisputebetweenthreeGreekgoddesses.Ifdairiesdidnothomogenizemilk,thecreamwouldbeconcentratedatthetopinsteadofbeingevenlydistributed.Manydifferentracialandculturalgroupsaretobefoundintheheterogeneouspopulationofalargecity.Thedancersfortheballetwereselectedforsimilarityofheightandbuildsothattheymightpresentahomogeneousappearance.Meter,Metr---measureWhenthebarometerindicatesarapiddropinairpressure,itmeansastormiscoming.Unlikeordinaryclocksandwatches,chronometersarelittleaffectedbytemperaturechangesorvibration.Somegiantredwoodtreesmeasure325feetinheightandupto30feetindiameter.Whenwatermetersareinstalled,itwillbeeasytotellhowmuchwatereachhomeisusing.Ameteris3.37incheslongerthanayard.Alleyes,exceptthedriver’s,werefastenedontheodometerasitmovedfrom9,999.9to10,000miles.Theintensityofasourceoflight,suchasaneletriclihtbulb,canbemeasuredwithaphotometer.IadvisedDadtoslowdownaswewereina30-mile-an-hourzoneandhisspeedometerregisteredmorethan40.Astheplanesspedby,wewereimpressedbytheperfectsymmetryoftheirV-formation.Ant,Anti---againstJapanwasourantagonistintheWorldWarII.BrutusisthemaincharacterinWilliamShakespeare’sJULIUSCAESAR,andAntonyishisantagonist.Theantibioticpenicillinstopsthegrowthofbacteriacausingpneumonia,tonsillitis,andcertainotherdiseases.Whenthebodyisinvadedbyforeignagentssuchasbacteriaorviruses,theantibodiesgotoworkagainstthem.Bytelephone,thephysicianprescribedtheexactantidotetobegivenimmediatelytothepoisonvictim.Afewoftheneighborshaveanantipathytodogs,butmostareondofthem.Thewoundwascarefullywashed;thenanantiseptic,tinctureofiodine,wasapplied.Weareinjectedwithdiphtheriaantitoxinproducedinhorsesbeausetheantitoxinmanufacturedbyourbodiesmaynotbeenoughtopreventdiphtheria.“Temporary”istheantonymof“permanent”.Onym,Onomato---wordTheword“radar”isanacronymforRadioDetectingAndRange.“Fair”and“fare”arehomonyms.NoticetheonomatopoeiaintheselinesbythepoetJohnDrydth:”Thedouble,double,doublebeat/Ofthethunderingdrum.”O.HenryispseudonymofWilliamSydneyPorter.

82“Building”isasynonymfor“edifice.”Whenyouwritealettertotheeditor,besuretosignit.Responsiblepublicationseillnotprintanonymousletters.Derm,Dermato---skinThepatientwiththeskindisorderisunderthecareofadermatologist.Thetinycellsfromwhichhairsgrowarelocatedinthedermis.Althoughverythin,theepidermisservestoprotecttheunderlyingdermis.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第10／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thelifelikemodelsofanimalsthatyouseeinmuseumsaretheworkoftaxidermists.Ahypodermicsyringeisusedforinjectingmedicationbeneaththeskin.Nom,Nem---management.Thescienceofagronomyhelpsfarmersobtainlargerandbettercrops.Beingagastronome,myuncleiswellacquaintedwiththebestrestaurantsinthecity.Thefleeingmurdererescapedthebulletsoftwopursuingpolicemanranitnoathirdwhoprovedtobehisnemesis.Wewouldhaveendedtheseasonwithoutadefeatifnotforouroldnemesis,GreeleyHigh.ThefirstastronomicalobservationswithatelescopeweremadebytheItalianscientistGalileo.Itisdifficulttoconceiveofsoastronomicalasumasonehundredbilliondollars.ThePresident’schiefeconomicadviserexpectsthatproductionwillcontinueatthesameratefortherestoftheyear.Whichisthemosteconomicalfuelforhomeheating-gas,electricity,oroil?Phan,Phen---showWhenusedasawrapper,cellophaneletsthepurchaserseethecontentsofthepackage.Wemustbeabletodistinguishbetweenfactandfancy.Anneisnotsurewhethershesawafaceatthewindow.Perhapsitwasonlyafantasy.ThephantomoftheslainCaesarappearedtoBrutusinadream.Philipisaphenomenoninmath.Healwaysgets100%ontests.Feverandinfalmmationarephenomenonofdisease.YoungMozart,aphenomenalchild,begancomposingmusicattheageof5.RobertFulton’sproposaltobuildasteamboatwaswasatfirstregardedasfantastic.Therm,Thermo---heatDiathermymaybeproscribedforarthritis,bursitis,andotherconditionsrequiringheattreatment.Duringthehotspell,thethermometerreached100degreesonsixdaysinarow.Wesetthethermostattoshutofftheheatwhentheroomtemperaturereaches72degrees.AtLavaHotSpringsinIdaho,visitorsmaybatheinthethermalmineralwaters.Itisbelievedthatthesungetsitsenergyfromthermonuclearreactionsconstantlytakingplacewithinit.Prot,Proto---firstBrutusistheprotagonistinWilliamShakespeare’sJULIUSCAESAR,andAntonyistheantagonist.Theprotocolinitiatedbytherepresentativesofthethreenationsisexpectedtoleadtoaformaltreaty.Itisabreachofprotocolforasubordinatepubliclytoquestionthejudgmentofhisuperiorofficer.Protoplasmdistinguisheslivingfromnonlivingthings.ThecrudecraftinwhichtheWrightbrothersmadethefirstsuccessfulflightin1903wastheprototypeofthemodernairplane.Thetinyprotozoansarebelievedtobethefirstanimalstohaveappearedonearth.Thesis,thetIcannotvoteforacondidatewhostandsfortheantithesisofwhatIbelieve.In“craftyUlysses”and“RichardtheLion-Hearted”theepithetsare“crafty”and“theLion-Hearted”.WhenColumbusfirstpresentedhishypothesisthattheearthisround,veryfewbelieedit.Onlypoliticalpartiescanproducethesynthesisorcompromiseofinterestnecessarytomakerepresentativegovernmentwork.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第11／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52

83DoyouagreewithElbert’sthesisthatastudentcourtwouldbegoodforourschool?Candidatesforadvancedcollegedegreesusuallymustwriteathesisbasedonoriginalresearch.Cottonisanaturalfiber,butrayonandnylonaresynthetic.Aster,Astr,Astro---starMostastersbloominthefall.Theasteriskafter“Reducedto$1.95”referstoafootnotereding“Todayonly.”ComparedtoplanetEarth,someasteroidsaretiny,measuringlessthanamileindiameter.Ifanasteroidlosesanarmtoanattacker,itcangrowbackthemissingarm.Anastrologerwouldhavepeoplebelievethattheirlivesareregulatedbythemovementsofthestars,planets,sunandmoon.YuriGgarin,theworld’sfirstastronaut,orbitedtheearthinanartificialsatelliteonApril12,1961.Becausethestarsaresofaraway,astronomersmeasuretheirdistancefromEarthin“lightyears”.TheattackonPearlHarborwastheworstdisasterinthehistoryoftheU.S.Navy.Gram,Graph---letter“Moat”isananagramfor“atom”.AncientcartographersdidnotknowoftheexistenceoftheWesternHemisphere.Militaryleaders,diplomats,andbusinessmenusecryptogramstorelaysecretinformation.AfterreadingMrs.Hale’selectrocardiogram,thephysicianassuredherthatherheartwasworkingproperly.“Themorethingsamanisashamedof,themorerespectabeheis“isoneofGeorgeBernardShaw’sepigrams.“Lead”pencilsdonotcontainlead,butratheramixtureofclayandgraphite.SomeofDad’shadkerchiefsareembroideredwithhismonogram.Forhisthesis,thestudentplanstowriteamonographonthelifeofanobscure19th-centurycomposer.Acourtstenographerhastobeabletotakedownmorethan250wordsaminute.Thereporter’sgraphicdescriptinmadeusfeelthatwewerepresentatthescene.Proofssubmittedbytheprintershouldbecarefullycheckedtoeliminatetypographicalerrors.拉丁词首词根Ab,A,Abs---from,offTheautomobilewasatotalwreck,buttheriver,luckily,escapedwithminorcutsandabrasions.Myuncle,anaccountant,composesmusicasanavocation.Theagingkingabdicatedhisthroneandwentintoretirement.TheGreeksattackedTroytorecoverHelen,whohadveenabductedbytheTrojanprinceParis.JanetisdoingherbesttopassEnglishbecausesheabhorsthethoughtofhavingtorepeatitinsummerschool.Awidesearchisunderwayforthemanagerwhoabscondedwith$10000ofhisemployer’sfunds.Thefactthatyouwereabsentwhentheassignmentwasgivendoesnotabsolveyoufromdongthehomework.Ofthethreesuspects,twowerefoundguiltyandthethirdwasabsolved.MydentistsaidIwouldhavefewercavitiesifIabstainedfromeatingcandy.Themayorpromisedtodoeverythinginhispowertoavertastrikebynewspaperemployees.Wehadthreeabsencestoday,whichisabnormal.Usually,everyoneispresent.Today’sartlessoncametoanabruptendwhenthegongssoundedforafiredrill.Thatwasanabsorbingbook.itheldmyinterestfrombeginningtoend.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第12／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Iaminfavorofthedance,butIamaversetoholdingitonMay25.YoucancountonMartha’ssupportinyourcampaignforreelection.sheisoneofyourmostloyaladherents.TheWeatherBureaugaveadeqquatewarningoftheadventofthehurricane.Beforethecontestbegan,thechampionshookhandswithhisadversary.Peoplewhoworkatnighthavetoadaptthemselvestosleepinginthedaytime.“GoneWithTheWind”wasadaptedforthemovies.MexicoadjoinstheUnitedStates.ThejudgeadjournedthecourttothefollowingMonday.

84Youwillnotbecomeaddictedtosmokingifyourefusecigaretteswhentheyareoffered.Thestudentwhoarivedtenminuteslatedidnothveadequatetimetofinishthetest.TheislandofCubaisadjacenttoFlorida.Becauseofadversereview,theproducerannouncedthattheplaywillclosewithtonight’sperformance.Ante---before;Post---afterDavid’santecedentscametothiscountrymorethanahundredyearsago.Ifthephysicianisbusywhenpatientsarrive,thenurseasksthemtowaitintheanteroom.Thepurposeofapostmortemistodiscoverthecauseofdeath.Aftersigningtheletter,InoticedIhadomitedanimportantfact.therefore,Imentioneditinapostscript.Ifyouusedyesterday’sdateonacheckwrittentoday,youhaveantedatedthecheck.AlaskaantedatesHawaiiasastate,havinggainedstatehoodonJanuary3,1959,sevenmonthsbeforehawaii.Thisapostdatedchek;ithastomorrow’sdateonit.Ourclassesusuallybeginat8a.m.At4p.m.thechairmanannouncedthedebatetobeclosed.Ftercollege,Maryhopestodopostgraduateworkinlawschool.Bi---two;Semi---halfThebicentennialofGeorgeWashington’sbirthwascelebratedin1932.Attheendofthelesson,agroupgatheredabouttheteacherinasemicircletoaskadditionalquestions.Adiameterisalinethatbisectsacircle.Theamericanlegislatureisbicameral;itconsistsoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.AdefeatedcandidatefortheHouseofRepresentativesmustwaittwoyearsbeforerunningaain,becausetheelectionsarebiennial.Wereceiveonlysixbillsayearbecausewearebilledonabimonthlybasis.Promotioninourschoolissemiannual;itoccursinJanuaryandJune.Employeespaidonasemimonthlybasisreceivetwosalarycheckspermonth.FrenchforcesjoinedtheAmericansinabilateralactionagainsttheBritishattheBattleofYorktownin1781.MontrealhasalargenumberofbilingualcitizenswhospeakEnglishandFrench.SomeschoolsinSpanish-speakingcommunitiessendbilingualnotices,writteninEnglishandSpanish,totheparents.Congressionalcommitteesarebipartisan;theyconsistofbothDemocraticandRepublicanmembers.Inthemorning,asyoubegintoawaken,youareinasemiconsciousstate.Allthehousesontheblockareattached,exceptthecornerones,whicharesemidetached.Workerswhoenterasemiskilledoccupationdonothavetoundergoalongperiodoftraining.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第13／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52E,Ex---out;In,Im---in,againstThekingpromisedtopardonanyinsurgentwhowouldlaydownhisarms.GeneralWashingtonledtheinsurgentforcesintheRevolutionaryWar.Runningwaterisoneoftheprincipalcausesofsoilerosion.In1889,CharlesSteinmetz,anengineer,emigratedfromGermany..In1889,CharlesSteinmetzimmigratedtotheUnitedStates.Thesuggestiontolengthentheschoolyearhasevokedconsiderableopposition.Refusingtoanswerthequestion,thewitnessinvoketheFifthAmendment,whichprotectsapersonfrombeingcompelledtotestifyagainsthimself.Withapenknife,hepeeledtheappleandexcisedthewormypart.Thelettersonthemonumenthadbeenincisedwithachisel.Theartdepartmentisexhibitingtheoustandingpostersproducedinitsclasses.Ellentoldthechildnottocry,buthecouldnotinhibithistears.Expelledfromtheuniversitybecauseofpoorgrades,thestudentappliedforreadmissionthefollowingterm.Gregg’slowmarkinthemidtermimpelledhimtostudyharderforthefinal.

85Irmawssoenervatedbythebroilingsunthatshenearlyfainted.Theaccusedisnottheonlyguiltyparty;twoothersareimplicated.Thetreasurershouldnothavebeenoffendedwhenaskedforafinancialreport.Noonewasimpuginghishonesty.OnJuly14,1789,thepeopleofParisfreedtheprisonersincarceratedintheBastille.Thenameofthewinnerwillbeinscribedonthemedal.Steinmetz’sdiscoveriesinthefieldofelectricitymadehimoneoftheeminentscientistsofthetwentiethcentury.Atthefirstflashoflightning,thebeachcrowdscurriedforshelfterfromtheimminentstorm.Anexclusiveclubdoesnotreadilyacceptnewcomers.Beforethegame,eachteamhadexclusiveuseofthefieldforaten-minutepracticeperiod.ThefilmwillbeshownfromAugust22to24,inclusive,foratotalofthreedays.Extra—outside;Intra—withinWhydon’tyoujoinanextracurricularactivity,suchasaclub,theschoolnewspaper,orateam?Yousaidyouwouldsticktothetopic,butyoukeepintroducingextraneousissues.Reliablesalesmendonotmakeextravagantclaimsfortheirproduct.Inafewmonths,theextravagantheirspentthefortuneofalifetime.Theintramuralprogram,inwhichoneclasscompeteswithanother,givesyouagreaterchancetoparticipatethantheinterscholasticprogrambetweenteamsofcompetingschools.TheDemocratsaretryingtohealintrapartystrifesoastopresentaunitedfrontinthecomingelection.CommercebetweenthestatesisregulatedbytheInterstateCommerceCommission,butintrastatecommerceissupervisedbythestatesthemselves.Patientsarenourishedbyintravenousfeedingwhentooilltotakefoodbymouth.Contra,Contro,Counter---againstAreyouontheproorconsideofthisargument?Beforetakinganimportantstep,crefullystudytheprosandonsofthematter.Customsofficialsexaminedtheluggageofthesuspectedsmugglerbutfoundnocontraband.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第14／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52AmericancontroversywithGreatBritainovertheOregonTerritorynearlyledtowar.Byinvadingtheneutralnation,thedictatorcontravenedhisearlierpledgetoguaranteeitsindependence.Themonitororderedthestudenttogototheendoftheline,buttheteachercountermandedtheorder.Thestudent’splantodropoutofschoolrancountertohisparents’wishes.Thesuspects’fingerprintsonthesafewereconsideredincontrovertibleevidencethathehadparticipatedintherobbery.Inter---betweenBetweenWorldWarIIandtheKoreanWar,therewasafiveyearinterludeofpeace.ForhisroleasintermediaryinhelpingtoendtheRusso-JapaneseWar,theodoreRooseveltwontheNovelPeacePrize.Duringtheintermissionbetweenthefirstandsecondacts,youwillhaveachancetopurchaserefreshments.MybrotherwouldhavelosttheargumentifDadhadn’tintercededforhim.WegainedpossessionoftheballwhenRussinterceptedaforwardpass.BroadwayintersectsSeventhAvenueatTimeSquare.Thesummervacationintervenesthecloseofoneschoolyearandthebeginningofthenext.Lettheboyssettlethedisputebythemselves;don’tintervene.Itisdifficulttomakeinterlinearnotesifthespacebetweenthelinesisverysmall.Theonlywaytogettothenexttownisbyautomobileortaxi;thereisnointerurbanbus.In,Il,Im,Ir---not,unAsaresultofstricterenforcement,speedersarenolongerabletobreakthelawwithimpunity.Alicerefusedtoletmeseehernotes,despitethefactthatIhavealwayslenthermine.didyoueverhearofsuchingratitude?Icouldreadmostofthesignatures,butafewwereillegible.Thenewnationundertooktoteachitsilliteratecitizenstoreadandwrite.Itisillogicaltovoteforacandidatewhomyouhavenofaithin.

86Nearlyeverysoapmanufacturerclaimshisproductwillmakedirtylinensimmaculate.Don’tusesuchbabytalk!Peoplewillthinkyouarementallyimmature.Formostoftheyear,theEskimosettlementsinnorthernQuebecareinaccessible,exceptbyair.Itisalmostimpossibletocrossourstreetduringtherushhourbecauseoftheincessantflowoftraffic.Nocompromissispossiblewhenbothsidesremaininflexible.Whenthevisitorscometoourschool,weshouldmakethemfeelathome;otherwisetheywillthinkweareinhospitable.Scientistsarefindingsolutionstomanyproblemsthatuptonowwereinsoluble.Saltdissolvesinwater,butsandisinsoluble.AfterRomeoandJulietdied,theirfamilies,whohadbeenirreconcilableenemies,becamefriends.Sticktothetopic;don’tmakeirrelevantremarks.Whentheumpiresaysyouareout,itisuselesstoarguebecausehisdecisionisirrevocable.Bene---good;Mal---evilBeforebeginninghisdifficultjouney,theyoungmanvisitedhisparentstoreceivetheirbenediction.Withherdyingbreath,QueenDidopronouncedamaledictiononAeneasandallhisdescendants.Themuseumcouldnothavebeenbuiltwithoutthegiftofamilliondollarsbyawealthybenefactor.Shortlyafterthecrime,themalefactorwasapprehandedandturnedovertothepolice.Thesickandtheneedywillbethebeneficiariesofyourgifttothecommunityfund.IsuspectRonnietrippedmesothatIwouldn’tbeabletoplaytomorrow.Hediditnotasajokebutoutofmalice.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第15／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thelackofmilkandfreshvegetablesinthechild’sdietwasresponsibleforhismalnutrition.Twonewsphotographerswereattackedbythemob,andtheircamersweresmashed.itisdisgracefulthattheyweresomaltreated.Restisusuallybeneficialtoapersonsufferingfromabadcold.Abenevolentemployerhasasincereinterestinthewelfareofhisemployees.Ihaveheardsomemalevolentmisrepresentationofher.Carlowasmaladjustedintheearlygrades,notbecauseofpoorinteloligencebutbecausehecouldn’tspeakEnglish.De---down,oppositeofAwreckingcrewisdemolishingtheoldbuiliding.Foreingabsentwithoutleave,thecorporalwasdemotedtoprivate.Thebuildingsuperintendentfeelsdepreciatedifyourefertohimasthe“janitou”Studentswhotellliesaredespisedbytheirclassmates.Mr.Parkeralwaysnotifiestheparentswhenastudentneglectshishomework,andhewillnotdeviatefromthisruleinyourcase.Thechildrenmusthavebeenstrvedwhentheycameinfordinnerbecausetheydevouredtheirfood.Thedecadentdowntownsectionwasonceaflourishingbusinessdistrict.Maple,elm,birch,andotherdeciduoustreeslosetheirleavesinthefall.Whoeverdidthismusthavebeendemented;nosanepersonwouldhaveactedinsuchaway.Childrenaredependentontheirparentsuntiltheyareabletoearntheirownliving.Dis---oppositeofJackshouldhaehad$8inhiswallet,buthehadonly$6.Hecouldnotaccountforthediscrepancy.ThebicycleIlenttomhadbeengoodcondition,buthereturneditindisrepair.Theparentsdiscreditedthechild’sstory,sincehewasinthehabitoftellingfalsehoods.Theexplosiondisintegratedanentirewingofthefactory.Whenthematterwsputtoavote,29agreedand4dissented.Passengersshoulddonothingtodistractthedrver’sattentionfromtheroad.DanwasdiscontentwithhisSpanishmark;hehadexpectedatleast10pointmore.Foradispssionateaccountofhowthefightstarted,askaneutralobservernotaparticipant.Thecompromisewaswelcomedbyallthestrikersexceptasmalldissidentgroupwhofeltthattheraisesweretoosmall.

87Se---apartSouthCarolina’ssecessionwasimitatedbytenotherstatesandledtotheformationoftheconfederacy.ThesignersoftheDeclarationofIndependence,ifcapturedbytheenemy,wouldprobablyhavebeentriedforsedition.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresidentin1860,SouthCarolinasecededfromtheUnion.Annwassoupsetbyherfailureinmaththatshesecludedherselfandrefusedtoseeanyone.Inmosthighschools,boysandgirlsattendthesameclasses,exceptinhealtheducation,wheretheyaresegregated.Areyouworriedaboutpassingthemidtermexam,ordoyoufeelsecure?Landinagrowingcityisasecureinvestment.Circum---roundThecircumferenceofacircleequalsπtimesthediameter.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第16／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Thecircumbocution”thegameendedwithascorethatwasnotinourfavor”shouldbereplacedby“welostthegme.”FerdinandMagellan’sexpeditionwasthefirsttocircumnavigtetheglobe.Theprincipalhasrequestedallteacherstocircumscribefailuresinredonthereportcards.Thepatientwasplacedonaverycircumscribeddiet;hewasforbiddentohavecoffee,spices,orrawfruitsorvegetables.Tocircumventlocalsalestaxes,shoppersoftenbuyinneighboringcommunitiesthatdonothavesuchtaxes.Don’tjumptoaconclusionbeforeconsideringallthefacts.Becircumspect.Con,Co,Col,Cor-togetherItwasnotknownwhetherthepriceincreasesresultedfromhighercostsorfromcollusionamongtheproducers.Neighborscannotliveinconcordiftheirchildrenkeepfightingwithoneanother.DuringtheRevolutionaryWar,thethirteencoloniescoalescedintoonenation.Tomiscollaboratingontheworkwithhisfriend.TheHouseandtheSenatewillconveneatnoontohearanaddressbythePresident.Jack’saccountofhowthefightstarteddidnotcorrespondwiththeotherboy’sversion.Incoherentwriting,everysentenceisconnectedinthoughttotheprevioussentence.Helenkeller’sdeafnessandblindnesswerenotcongenitaldefectsbutwereacquiredafterbirth.Ob-against,overIfwebeatCentralHightomottow,weshallhaveremovedthelastobstacleusandthechampionship.Today’srainhascompletelyobliteratedyesterday’ssnow;notatraceremains.Thenotionthatshehadforgottentolockthefrontdoorobsessedmotherallthroughthemovie.Thedisabledvehiclesobstructedtrafficuntilremovedbyatowtruck.Itisunwiseforanoutsidertoobtrudehisopinionsintoafamilyquarrel.Byremovingherhat,theladyinfrontobviatedtheneedformetochangemyseat.Per-though,thoroughlyThesurgeonsaidthetackhadgonethroughBetty’sshoeandsockwithoutperforatingherskin.Atbreakfastthearomaoffreshlybrewedcoffeepermeatesthekitchenanddiningroom.Ineedhelpwiththefourthproblem;itperplexesme.TheteachertoldErictostopwhispering.Whenhepersistedshesenthimtothedean.Therainwassupposedtoendinthemorning,butitpersistedthroughtheafternoonandevening.Maggie’sparentswereperturbedwhentheylearnedshehadfailedtwosubjects.Authorshavecomeandgone,butShakespearehasremainedaperennialfavorite.Perennialsliketheazaleaandforsythiabloomyearafteryear.Sticktothepoint;don’tgiveinformationthatisnotpertinent.Pre-beforeTheprefaceusuallyprovidesinformationthattheredershouldknowbeforethebook.LastnightmyparentsattendedapreviewofaplayscheduledtoopennextTuesday.DidyourreportfolloworprecedeJane’s?apriorengagementprecludesmycomingtoyourparty.MypreconceiveddislikeforthebookdisappearedwhenIreadafewchapters.

88Prefabricatedhomesarequicklyerectedbyputtingtogetherlargesectionspreviouslyconstructedatafactory.Thejurydecidedthattheblowwasstruckinamomentofpanicandhadnotbeenpremeditated.Nineteenofthesailorshaverescued.Oneismissingandpresumeddead.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第17／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52IfNancy’sthree-year-oldbrothercanread,hemustbeaprecociouschild.Pro-forwardAtthebudgethearing,boththeproponentsandtheopponentsofthetaxincreasewillbeabletopresenttheirviews.Toafreshman,graduationisadistantbutpleasantprospect.Startworkingontheassignmentwithoutdelay.Itdoesn’tpaytoprocrastinate.Theapparatusprojectsmissilesintospace.Jet-propelledplanestravelatveryhighspeeds.OurcousinsstayedwithusonlyfortheweekendbutpromisedtoreturninJulyforaprotractedvisit.Keepyourfeetunderyourdesk;donotletthemprotrudeintotheaisle.Jeff’saccountofhisexperiencesonafarmprovokedmuchlaughter.Therewouldhavebeennofightifyouhadn’tprovokedyourbrotherbycallinghimnames.WhenIfellbehindinFrench,theteacheraskedoneofthemoreproficientstudentstohelpme.Despitealargeincome,theactorhadssavedverylittlebecauseheisprofusespender.TheMayor,theGovernor,andseveralotherprominentcitizensattendedthepreview.Am,Amor-love,likingTheperformancewasstagedbyagroupofamateurswhohavebeenstudyingdramaticsasahobby.Whenitcomestobakingacake,Mother’stheexpert;I’monlyanamateur.Wemustlookaheadtothetimewhenthedisputeisoverandamityisrestored.Cindyisanamiablechild;everybodylikesher.Letustrytosettleourdifferencesinanamicablemanner.Inthefamousbalconyscene,theamorousRomeoexpresesundyingloveforJuliet.JohnRolfe,anEnglishsettler,becameenamoredoftheIndianprincessPocahontasandmarriedher.Anim-mind,willSomedaytheanimositythatledtothewarwillbereplacedbyamity.ThoughtdaviddefeatedmeintheelectionIbearnoanimustowardhkm;wearegoodfriends.Ifyoubecomeextremelyupsetwhenyouloseagame,itisasignthatyoulackequanimity.Inalmosteverydiscussionthereisboundtobesomedisagreement,Don’texpectunanimity.ThefirsttimeIwaslate,MissO’Neillexcusedmewiththewarningthatshewouldnotbesomagnanimousthenexttime.Exceptforonestudent,whovoted”no”thewww.bfsunt.cnclasswasunanimousinwantingtheparty.Fin-end,boundaryBecausetheysharethesamelanguageandideals,AmericansandEnglishmenhaveanaffinityforoneanother.Everyskitinourclassshowwasloudlyapplauded,fromtheopeningscenetothefinale.Thestoryisfarfromcompletebecausethefinisisnotyetwritten.IwillconfinemyremarkstothecausesoftheWarof1812;thenextspeakerwilldiscussitsresults.Rememberthatyourwww.bfsunt.cnanwerwillbetreatedasdefinitive.Youwillnotbepermittedtochangeit.Flu,Fluc,Flux-flowAir,water,molasses,andmilkareallfluids.DuringNovember,themilitarysituationsituationremainedfluid,withadvancesandretreatsbybothsides.Whenpricesareinastateofflux,manybuyersdelaypurchasesuntilconditionsaremoresettled.ThediscoveryofgoldinCaliforniain1848causedalargeinfluxofsettlesfromtheEast.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第18／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Recentlythepriceofapoundoftomatoeshasfluctuatedfromahighof45centstolowof2cents.Doyouhavetogropeforwords,orareyouafluentspeaker?Gen,Gener,Genit---birth,class

89Poewastheoriginatorofagenreofdetectivestory.ThebiblestatesthatAdamwastheprogenitorofthehumanrace.Butfortheskillofthepresidingofficer,thedebatewouldhedegeneratedintoanexchangeofinsults.Name-callingengendershatred.Thenewmanagerregeneratedthelosingteamandmadeitastrongcontenderforfirstplace.Greg---gatherAttheairport,thehomecomingchampionswerewelcomedbyahugeaggregationofadmirers.Theministeraddressedthecongregationonthemeaningofbrotherhood.Thewardenbelievesinsegregationoffirstoffendersfromhardenedcriminals.Theaggregatestrengthoftheallieswasimprssive,thoughindividuallysomewerequiteweak.Exceptforhermitsandrecluses,whoshuncompany,mostpeoplearegregarious.Here,Hes-stickIftherelationshipbetweenthefirstsentenceandwhatfollowsisnotclear,theparagraphlackscoherence.Therecanbenorealcohesioninanallianceifthepartieshavelittleincommon.Applythestickeraccordingtothedirections,oritwillnotadhere.Igluedtogetherthefragmentsofthevase,buttheydidnotcohere.Becauseofherinherentcarlessness,Idoubtmysistercaneverbeagooddriver.Lateral-sideAsquareisaquadrilateral.Aftervotingfortherodbuildingprogram,thelegislaturetookupthecollateralissueofhowtoraisethenecessaryfunds.Ifonesideofanequilateraltrianglemeasuresthreefeet,theothertwomustalsobethreefeeteach.Thebuildingplanshowsbothafrontandalateralviewoftheproposedstructure.Amotherhastobeanurse,housekeeper,shopper,cook,teacher,etc.Sheplaysamultilateralrole.Don’tjudgethemattterbymyopponent’sunilateralstatement.Notethealliterationintheline“Singasongofsixpence.”Whenregisteringasanewvoter,takealongyourdiplomaasproofofliteracy.Wetranslate“laissez-faire”as“absenceofgovernmentinterference,”butitsliteralmeaningis“letdo.”MarkTwainisoneofthegreatestfiguresinourliteraryhistory.Theschool’smaingoalinworkingwithadultswhocanneitherreadnorwriteistomakethemliterate.Luc,Lum---lightAnumberofluminaries,includingaNovelprizewinnerandtwoledingauthors,willbepresent.Iaskedtheteachertoelucidateapointthatwasnotcleartome.Toobviatemisunderstanding,statethedirectionsinthemostlucidwaypossible.Withthiswatchyoucantelltimeinthedarkbecauseitshadsanddialareluminous.Lampshadesaretranslucentbutnottransparent.Man,Manu---handThemanacleswereremovedfromtheprisoner’swrists.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第19／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52AfterWorldWarI,SyriabecameaFrenchmandate.Thewalkoutwsaclearviolationofthecourt’smandateagainstastrike.Eachstudenthasalearner’spermitandacopyofthe“Driver’smanual.”Miling,fomerlyamanualoperation,isnowdonebymachine.Theuthor’smanuscriptisnowattheprinter.Thewashingmachinehasemancipatedhousewivesfromagreatdealofdrudgery.Intoday’slessonIlearnedhowtomanipulatethesteeringwheel.Pend,Pens---hangAschooleditionofanovelusuallyhasanappendixcontainingexplanatorynotes.Thependantdanglingfromthechainaroundhernecklookedlikeamedal,butitwasreallyawatch.

90Ifyouhaveseenthemarks,pleasetellmewhetherIpassedorfailed;don’tmeinsuspense!Ifyouhadinyourreportlate,appendanoteexplainingthereasonforthedelay.Sheworeagreenpendantsuspendedfromasilverchain.Trainservicewillbesuspendedfrommidnightto4a.m.topermitrepairs.Atthefirstflashoflightning,peoplescurriedforshelterfromtheimpendingstorm.Hasadecisionbeenreachedonadateforthegame,oristhematterstillpending?Barbaraagreedtoconductthemeetingpendingtheelectionofapermanentchairman.Pon,Pos---putDidthekingabdicateorwashedeposed?Cleaningupafterthejobistherepairman’sresponsibility.Don’tlethimimposeitonyou.Mr.Marxhaspostponedthetestuntiltomorrowtogiveusanextradaytostudy.Today’ssnowfallsuperimposedafreshtwoinchesonyesterday’saccumulation.Thereisamisspelledwordonyourpaper,”strenght.”Correctitbytransposingthelasttwoletters.Scrib,Script---writeTheinscriptiononPaul’smedalreads“ForexcellenceinEnglish.”Bothcandidatesusedprofessionalscribestopreparetheircampaignspeeches.Howmuchtimedidtheactorshavetomemorizethescript?ThepetitiontonominateSueforpresidentofthefreshmanclassalreadyhasforty-threesubscribers.Whentherearenotenoughvolunteersforthearmedforcesthegovernmentconscriptsadditionalmen.Thelawprescribesthataliensmaynotvote.Herphysicianprescribedsomepills,alightdiet,andplentyofrest.www.bfsunt.cnSimil,Simul-similarThetwopillsarealikeincolorandshape,buttherethesimilarityends.“Heisasbraveasalion.”Isasimile.Theletternintheprefixinisoftenassimilatedwiththefollowingletter.Forexample,”in”plus“legible”becomes”illegible.”Abrightstudentassimilatesknowledgerapidly.Nancywasthestaroftheshow;shesimulatedthebewilderedmotherveryeffectively.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第20／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Theseglovesarenotapair;theyarequitedissimilar.Theflashofanexplosionreachesusbeforethesound,thoughthetwoaresimultaneous.Sol,Soli-singleWhatanactorsaysinasoliloguyisheardbynooneexcepttheaudience.ThoughtIlikecompany,therearetimeswhenIprefersolitude.Insteadofsiningasolo,Brendawouldprefertojoinwithmeinaduet.Afterthewar,thevillagershopetoreturntotheirdesolatedhomes.At5:30a.m.thenormallycrowdedintersectionlooksdesolate.FranklinD.RooseveltwasthesolecandidatetobeelectedPresidentforafourthterm.Ahermitleadsasolitaryexistence.Solv,Solu,Solut-loosenWhenPresidentLincolntookoffice,theUnionfacedimminentdissolution.Sincethememverslackmutualinterests,theclubwillprobablydissolve.Afterourquarrel,GraceandIdissovedourfriendship.Theresolutionofourairandwaterpollutionproblemswillbedifficultandcostly.Awitnessprovidedthecluethatresolvedthemystery.Ademocraticrulerisrestrictedbyaconsitution,alegislature,andcourts,butadictatorhasabsolutepower,Asananalogy,Sugarissolubleinwater.

91Someonewouldhavefoundtheanswerbynowiftheproblemweresoluble.Inasaltwatersolution,thewateristhesolventandthesaltisthesolute.Theexaminersfoundthebanksolvent,muchtothereliefofitsdepositors.Und,Unda-wave,flowOurnationaboundsinopportunitiesforwell-educatedyoungmenandwomen.FishaboundinthewatersofNewfoundland.OnElectionNight,thevictor’sofficeswereinundatedbycongratulatorymessages.Ourteam’ssportmanlikeconduceredoundstothecreditoftheschool.BeforeChristmas,thestoreshaveabundantsuppliesoftoys.Removethelastwordofthefollowingsentencebecauseitisredundant:”MyreportislongerthanBob’sreport.”Ver,Vera,Veri-true,truthSinceyouhaveliedusinthepast,youshouldnotwonderthatwedoubtyourveracity.Wewouldliketoknowyourverdictinthematter.Thatsmokingisinjurioustohealthisascientificallyestablishedverity.Twoeyewitnessesaverredtheyhadseenthedefendantatthescene.Sofar,thechargeshavebeenneitherdisprovednorverified.AsthepretendedheirsofPeterWilksweredisposingofhisfortune,theveritableheirsarrived.Vid,Vis-seeWiththefogrollinginandvisibilityapproachingzero,itwasvirtuallyimpossibleforplanestoland.CoachBrownenvisionsMaryasaprimaballerina.Didtheentertainerpreparehisjokesbeforetheprogram,orimprovisethemashewentalong?Beforehandinginyourcomposiotn,besuretoreviseitcarefully.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第21／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Themicroscopeenablesustoseeorganismsinvisibletothenakedeye.Theaudioandvideosignalsofatelevisionprogramcaxnberecordedonmagnetictape.Radartellsusofanapproachingobjectlongbeforevisualcontactispossible.盎格鲁．萨克逊Fore-beforeHenryprotectedhisfacefromGeorge’sblowsbyraisinghisforearms.JohnF.Kennedy’sforebearsmigratedtoAmericafromIreland.Thedaybeforetheaccident,Ihadaforebodingthatsomethingwouldgowrong.Haveyoulistenedtotheweatherforecastfortomorrow?Incombattheofficerwasalwaysintheforefrontoftheattack,leadinghismenontovictory.Foresightisbetterthanhindsight.BeforeChapterI,thereisabriefforewordinwhichtheauthorexplainswhyhewrotethebook.Ourdefeatinthechampionshipgamewasforeshadowedbyinjuriestotwoofourstarplayersinapreviousgame.Carefullyreviewtheforegoingchapterbeforereadinganyfurther.DidyouknowthatBenjaminFranklinwasoneoftheforemostinventorsoftheeighteenthcentury?Mis-bad(ly),wrong(ly)PeoplethoughttheearthwasflatuntilColumbuscorrectedthatmisbelief.Thewrongdoerwaspunishedforhismisdeedbyafineandimprisonment.DadhasnomisgivingswhenMothertakesthewheel,becausesheisanexcellentdriver.Rightafterthecollison,eachdriverblamedtheotherforthemishap.Quittingschoolisamisstempthatyoumayregretfortherestofyourlife.Thebearescapedwhenthehunter’sriflemisfired.YesterdayImislaidmybiologybook,andittookmeaboutahalfhourtofindit.Sometrafficsignsaresoconfusingthattheymisleadthetraveler.www.bfsunt.cnOut-beyond,morethan

92Theoutlookforunskiledlaborersisnotbright,astheirjobsaregraduallybeingtakenoverbymachines.TheoutputoftheaverageAmericanfactoryworkerissteadilyincreasing.ThejacketDadboughtmelastyearistoosmall.Ihaveoutgrownit.Ourkitchentaleismoresolidlyconstructedthanthechairsandwillprobablyoutlastthem.WescoredatouchdownwhenJoecaughtaforwardpassandoutranhispursuers.Inhisdetectivestories,Jimmanagestooutwitthecleverestcriminals.Amasqueradeisalwaysinterestingbecausepeoplecomeinsuchoutlandishcostumes.Marysometimeshurtsotherswhenshecriticizestheirworkbecausesheistoooutspoken.-Over---too,overDonottakemoreofthemedicinethanthedoctorordered;anoverdosemaybedangerous.Wehaveashortageofskilledtechniciansbutanoversupplyofunskilledworkers.ItwouldoverburdenmetohavemypianolessonThursdaybecauseIhavesomuchhomeworkonthatday.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第22／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Joeoverestimatedthecapacityofthebuswhenhethoughtitcouldhold60;ithasroomforonly48.Theirgaietieswereovershadowedbythesadnews.Thedepartmentstoreguardswerenearlyoverwhelmedbythecrowdsofshopperswaitingforthesaletobegin.Whenthemonitorgavetoomanyorders,thetecherscoldedhimforbeingoverbearing.IwassosureofpassingthatIwasn’tgoingtostudy,butDadadvisedmenottobeoversonfident.Becausetheservicewaspoor,MotherthoughtDadwasovergenerousinleavingthewaitera15%tip.Un-notTheaudiencewasbreathlesswithanxietyduringthedaringtightropeact,thoughtheacrobatsthemselvesperformedwithseemingunconcernfortheirownsafety.IfyouthinkIcangetMr.Blacktohireyoubecauseheismycousin,letmeundeceiveyou.Ihavenoinfluencewithhim.Theunsportsmanlikenoisesofthefanssounnervedourstarplayerthathemissedtwofoulshotsinarow.Theprevioussecretaryhadmixedupthefilessobadlythatittookmysisteraboutaweektounscramblethem.Whenmutinoussailorswereputinironsintheoldendays,nobodywasallowedtounshacklethem.Thoughanabridgeddictionaryisconvenienttouse,itcontainsfarfewerdefinitionsthananunabridgeddictionary.Don’taskthemotherofacontestanttoserveasajudgebecauseitmaybehardforhertoremainunbiased.Manyteenagershaveanunquenchablethirstforadventurestories;theyreadoneafteranother.Anunwarypedestrianismuchmorelikelytobestruckbyacarthanonewholooksbothwaysandcrosseswiththelight.Onitswaythroughthedensejungle,thepatrolhadtobeconstantlywaryofenemysoldiersconcealedintheunderbrush.Mostundergraduatestakefouryearstoearnadegree,butsomeachieveitsoonerbyattendingsummersessions.IftoolittleisdeductedfromDad’sweeklywagesforincometax,itresultsinanunderpaymentattheendoftheyear.Amongtheundersignedinthepetitiontothegovernorweresomeofthemostprominentpersonsinthestate.Frank’sremarkthathewas“slightlybruised”intheaccidentisanunderstatement;hesufferedtwofracturedribs.Whilethestarisrecuperatingfromherillness,herrolewillbeplayedbyherunderstudy.Whenwetakenotes,ourteacherwantsustounderscoreitemsthatareespeciallyimportant.Whendiscounthousestriedtounderselldepartmentstores,thelatterreducedpricestoo,andadoptedtheslogan”Wewillnotbeundersold.”Ourcountryhasspentbillionsofdollarstohelptheunderdevelopednationsimprovetheirstandardofliving.Theunderprivilegedchildfromthecrowdedslumtenementhasmanymoreproblemstoovercomethanthechildfromthemiddle-classhome.Up—up,upwardTheprimeminister’sproposalfornewtaxescreatedsuchanupheavalthathisgovernmentfell.Ourneighbortradedinhisoldcarbecausetheupkeephadbecometoohigh.Whenthenewrepresentativeenteredthelegislature,someoldermemversreceivedhimcoldlybecausetheyregardedhimasanupstart.MostmerchantsreportaslowdowninsalesforOctober,butconfidentlyexpectanupturnwiththeapproachofChristmas.

93Ourworldgeographyteaherhasjustreceivedanupdatedmapthatshowsthelatestnationalboundaries.Toqualifyforbetterjobs,manyemployeesattendeveningcourseswheretheycanupgradetheirskills.Theloveoflibertyissofirmlyembeddedinmen’sheartsthatnotyrantcanhopetouprootit.Themanagementwillbegladtomailyouitsleaflet,whichcontainsnewsofupcomingfilms.Whenknockedoffhisjawbone,theboxerwaitedtillthecountofninebeforereturningtoanuprightposition.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第23／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52With---back,away,againstTomismyprincipalbacker;ifhewithdrawshissupport,idon’tseehowIcanbeelected.Myunclepaidforhisvacationtripbymakingawithdrawalfromhisbankaccount.Wetalkedtotheneighbor’syoungsterandtriedtobefriendly,buthedidn’tsayanything;heseemedtobewithdrawn.Pleasedon’tinterruptme.ifyouhavesomethingtosay,withholdyourcommentuntilIhavefinishedspeaking.Youremployerisrequiredtodeductacertinamountfromyoursalaryasawithholdingtaxpayabletothefederalgovernment.Thewallsofadammustbestrongenoughtowithstandtremendouswaterpressure.Notwithstandingtheiradvantageofheight,thevisitingplayerswereunabletobeatourbasketballteam.希腊神话Peter,whowaschosenthehandsomestboyintheseniorclass,isquiteanAdonis.AninternationalforceundertheaegisoftheUnitedNationshasbeendispatchedtothetroubledarea.Pioneerwomenwereveritableamazons,performingheavyhouse-holdchoresinadditiontotoilinginthefieldsbesidetheirmenfolk.Theambrosialaromaoftheroastwhettedourappetites.Forreliableinformationaboutpresentnationalboundaries,consultanup-to-dateatlas.Thedarknesswanedandafaintauroralglowbegantoappearintheeast.At2A.M.theneighborscalledthepolicetoquellthebacchanalianrevelryintheupstairsapartment.Atfirst,RobertFulton’splansforhissteamboatwerederidedaschimericalnonsense.ThedictatortookDraconianmeasuresagainstthosehesuspectedofplottingarebellion.StudentsstudyingforfinalexaminationsyearnfortheElysianidlenessofthesummervacation.Thepicketsdidnotallowthemselvestobeprovoked,despitetheunrulycrowdsthatgatheredtohectorthem.AmongtheHerculeamtasksconfrontinglargecitiesareslumclearanceandtrafficcontrol.Dadhadtobreakthehermeticsealtogetapillfromthenewbottle.Childrenenjoyblowingiridescentsoapbubblesfrompipes.Ourjovialhostentertaineduswithseveralamusinganecdotesabouthisemployer.Out-of-townersmayeasilylosetheirwayinNewYorkCity’slabyrinthinesubwaypassages.AllIreceivedinresponsetomyrequestwasthelaconicreply“Wait”.Forseveralhousaftertheoperationthepatientwaslethargicbecauseoftheanesthetic.ThanksgivingdinneratGrandmother’sisalmostaLucullanfeast.TheHelvetianswereamartialpeoplewhotriedtoconquersouthernGaul.Theretiringforemanwspersuadedtostayonforamonthasmentortohissuccessor.Theolderpartnerisratherdullandmorose,buttheyoungerhasamercurialtemperamentthatappealstocustomers.Thedictatorsurroundedhimselfwithmyrmidonswhowouldloyallyandpitilesslyexecuteallorders.Napoleoncrushedmanyopponents,butWellingtonprovedtobehisnemesis.Yourtravelagentwillgladlyplanayear’sodysseytoplacesofinterestaroundtheworld.Whenthevictorywasannounced,peopledancedinthestreetsandsangpaeansofjoy.Thelittlegirlhabitullyfellasleepclutchingabattereddoll,herpalladium.Apanicensuedwhensomeoneinthecrowdedauditoriumyelled“Fire!”http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第24／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Inanhour-longphilippic,thelegislatordenouncedthelobbyistsopposinghisbill.Ahandfulofplutocraticinvestors,eachowningmorethanathousandshares,determinedthepoliciesofthecorporation.

94Themartinetgovernedhisclassroomwithprocrusteandiscipline,assigningaweek’sdetentiontoalloffenders,nomatterwhattheoffense.Thewitness’proteantacticsundercross-examinationgavetheimpressionthathewasuntrustworthy.OurwinningtheopeninggamewsaPyrrhicvictory,asourleadingscorerwsseriouslyinjured.Myformerroommatewasasaturninescholarwhosaidverylittleandsmiledrarely.Theenemyemployedared-hairedsirenasaspy.Nextweekthesolonswillreturntothecapitalfortheopeningofthelegislature.Speaksoftly;youdon’tneedastentorianvoicetobeheardinthissmallroom.Apowerfailureat11:03P.M.plungedthecityintoStygianblackness.Theconsideratehostessremovedthestrawberryshortcakefromthetabelsoasnottotantalizeherweight-consciousguest.Thereviewerslaudedtheballettroupeforitsterpsichoreanartistry.Ifyouenjoyactinginplays,joinyourschool’sthespianclub.Byatitaniceffort,outfootballteamwonthevictory.法语描述人物Byreadingreviews,youcankeepaucourantwithnewdevelopmentsinliterature,films,television,andthetheater.Ednahasbeenattendingtoomanypartiesduringtheholidays;sheappearsblase.Shelookedverychicinhernewhat.Theheadwaiterwsdebonairwiththeguestsbutfirmwiththewaiters.Ournewsupervisoriscleverinmattersinwhichhispredecessorwasmaladroit.Youarenaiveifyoubelieveimplacablefoescanbereconciledeasily.Iamamazedthatyoucanbesononchalantaboutthecomingtestwheneveryoneelseissoworried.表示人物Wewereunabletoseetheambassador,butwespoketooneoftheattaches.Avirilebourgeoisiecontributestoanation’sprosperity.WhomdidthePresidentdesignateascharged’affaireswhenherecalledtheambassador?Toverifythegem’svalue,weconsultedaconnoisseurofrarediamonds.Helenwon’tbowlwithus;shehasherowncoterieofbowlingfriends.Thedebutante’sphotographwasattheheadofthesocietypage.SamuelAdamswasapassionatedevoteeofAmericanindependence.Fredlikestoconsiderhimselfamemberoftheintellectualelite.Acommitteewsformedtofindhousingandemploymentfortheanxiousemigres.Whatentrepreneurwillinvesthiscapitalunlessthereissomeprospectofaprofit?ThePresident’senvoytotheconferencehasnotyetbeenchosen.MadelineintroducedMr.Coleasherfiance.Thecharged’affairesrequestedthatextragendarmesbepostedoutsidetheembassy.Shewasassimpleandprettyasafilmingenue.Themaitred’hotelsupervisesthewaiters.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第25／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Ourdeanisanunderstandingcounselor,notamartinet.Anunexpectedinheritancecatapultedhimintotheranksofthenouveauxriches.Heisaprotegeofmanypopes.MarkTwainwasanexcellentraconteur.人的情感Theviolinistperformedwithrareeclat.Becausethecasthadrehearsedwithsuchelan,thedirectorhadfewapprehensionsabouttheopening-nightperformance.Youtoowouldsufferfromennuiifyouhadtospendmonthsinahospitalbed.TheemployeesshowedextraordinaryespritdecorpswhentheyvolunteeredtoworkSaturdaysfrothedurationofthe

95crisis.Theadroitprosecutorarrangedhisquestionswithadmirabefinesse.Byafeatoflegerdemain,themagicianproducedarabbitfromhishat.Aftertheheavy,latesupper,heexperiencedafeelingofmalaise.Intheoldendays,kingsandothernobles,observingtheprincipleofnoblesseovlige,foughtattheheadoftheirtroops.AcommoninterestingardeningbroughtMollyandLorettaintocloserrapport.Heplayedthegamewithperfectsangfroid.Youneedbothcapitalandsavoirfairetobeasuccessfulentrepreneur.说/写Oncommencementdayweshallbidadieutoouralmamater.SinceIhopetoseeyouagain,I’llsayaurevoirratherthanadieu.Atimelybillet-douxcanpatchupalovers’quarrel.Heoftensetsthetablea-roaringwithawell-placedbonmot.Thishelpfulbrochureexplainssocialsecuritybenefits.Ittookapublicappearancebythemonarchtosilencethecanardthathehadbeenassassinated.Twoclichesthatwecaneasilydowithoutare:”firstandforemost”and“lastbutnotleast.”Thejuniorsexpecttowin,but,entrenous,theirchancesarenottoogood.Toimproveyourwriting,trytofindthemotjusteforeachideaandavoidcliches.Includeonlytheessentialpointswhenyouwriteaprecis.JamesBoswelladmiredSamuelJohnson’spowerofrepartee.Theinstructoraskedforaresumeofthelastlesson.Surprisedtoseehimeatingtheapplecore,Iasked,”Won’titaffectyou?””Pleasurably”washisriposte.Beforeanswerin,thewitnesshadatete-a-tetewithhisattorney.情势Sheenjoyedallhersubjectsexceptmathematics,herbetenoire.Theemployergavehissecretarycarteblancheinmanagingtheroutineaffairsoftheoffice.ThetrialofJohnPeterZenger,acausecelebreintheeighteenthcentury,helpedtoestablishfreedomofthepressinAmerica.Paintingprovedtobeacul-de-sacforPhilipCarey,ashehadnorealtalent.ThedebacleatWaterloosignaledtheendofNapoleon’spower.SinceMothercouldn’tdecidewhetherornottobuythedressforme,Iplannedtobuyitmyselfandpresentherwithafaitaccompli.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第26／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52However,itturnedouttobeafauxpas,asMothermademereturnthedress.Theforemanreportedthatthejurycoulddeliberatenofurther,astheyhadreadchedanimpasse.Byjoiningthealumniassociation,graduatescanmaintiantheirliaisonwiththeschool.Ourlastamateurshowwasamelangeofdramaticskits,acrobatics,ballet,populartunes,andclassicalmusic.Thesheetofwaterwethoughtwesawontheroadaheadturnedouttobeonlyamirage.历史和政府Napoleonseizedpowerbyacoupd’etat.Hitler’sattackonRussia,shortlyafterhispactwithStalin,wasastunningdemarche.Aneffectiveworlddisarmamenttreatyshouldbringadetenteininternationaltensions.CanadaandtheUnitedStateshavealong-standingententeonborderproblems.AdamSmithbelievedapolicyoflaissez-fairetowardbusinesswouldbenefitanation.Dr.Manettewasimprisonedthroughalettredecachet.Thegradualrapprochementbetweenthesetwonations,longtraditionalenemies,cheeredallEuropeans.Thecoupd’etatbroughttopoweraregimethatrestoredcivillibertiestotheoppressedpeople.艺术WaltWhitmanwasnoconservative;hisdaringinnovationsinpoetryplacehimintheavant=gardeofnineteenth-century

96writers.TheancientGreekParthenonisfamedforitsbeautifulsculptureinbas-relief.Adownbeatisthedownwardstrokeoftheconductor’sbaton,denotingtheprincipallyaccentednoteofameasure.ManyconnoisseursregardHamletasShakespeare’schefd’oeuvre.InthedenouementofGreatExpectations,welearnthatPip’ssecretbenefactoristherunawayconvictwhomPiphadoncehelped.Inappreciationoftheenthusiasticapplause,thevocalistsanganencore.TheliterarygenretowhichPoecontributedmostistheshortstory.Atlastnight’smusicaleinmycousin’shouse,wewereentertainedbyastringquartet.Afterafewcanvasstrokes,theartistreapplieshisbrushtohispaletteformorepaint.Theguitaristapologizedfornotbeingabletoplaytherequestednumber,explainingthatitwasnotinhisrepertoire.JamesJoyce’sDublinersofferssomeunforgettablevignettesoflifeinDublinattheturnofthecentury.食品Ifyouorderanalacartedinner,youselectwhateveryouwishfromthebilloffare,payingonlyforthedishesordered.Selectanonalcoholicappetizer,suchastomatojuice,ifyoudonotcareforeanaperitif.ForSt.Valentine’sDay,Motherreceivedaheart-shapedboxofdeliciousbonbons.AroundthecornerisarestaurantspecializinginFrenchcuisine.AuntDorothyalwaystakescreamwithhercoffee;sheisnotfondofdemitasse.Wehadachoiceofthefollowingentrees:roastbeef,friedchicken,orbakedmackerel.Becausetheycontainnobonesorexcessfat,filetsaremoreexpensivethanordinarycutsofmeat.Motherwillneedolives,celery,andanchoviesforherhorsd’oeuvres.Ifyoueattoomuchoftheintroductorydishes,youwillhavelittleappetiteforthepiecederesistance.Ifyouorderatabled’hotedinner,youpaythepricefixedfortheentiredinner,evenifyoudonothavesomeofthedishes.穿着http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第27／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52Schoolcorridorsandstairwayswouldhavetobewidenedconsiderablyifallgirlsweretowearbouffantskirts.Thoughmorecomfortablethanmostotherdresses,thechemisehasoftenbeenridiculedforitsshapelessness.Sally’sattractivenewcoiffurewsarrangedforherbymysister’shairstylist.AttheChristmasseason,ladiesoftenadorntheircoatswithahollycorsage.Mycousinsentmealightblushirtandanavybluecravat.Toaddatouchofbrightcolortoheroutfit,Janeworeaflamboyantscarf.Theactor’sbaldnesswascleverlyconcealedbyaverynatural-lookingtoupee.Women’sfashionschangerapidly;whatisinstyletodaymaybeoutofvoguetomorrow.其他Dietersconstantlychecktheiravoirdupois.Payattentiontoimportantmatters;don’twastetimeonbagatelles.Asergeantunholsteredhispistolandranforwardtogivethecoupdegrace.Thepatient’scheerfulsmilewasjustafacade;actually,shewassufferingfromennui.Retiringemployeesareoftenfetedataspecialdinner.Let’smeetinthefoyeroftheBijouTheater.Davidfounditmucheasiertomakefriendsinhisnewmilieu.Insummerwhenyoustrollonehboardwalkinthenoondaysun,itisadvisabletotakealongaparasol.CharlesDickenswasaraconteurparexcellence.Sincetheyareheldinplacebyaspringthatpinchesthenose,pince-nezmaynotbeascomfortableasordinaryeyeglasses.Abeisveryfondofgold;hefeelsitishischiefraisond’etre.Weagreedtomeetafterthetestatthecornerice-creamparlor,ourusualrendezvous.IknewthatDadwascomingtoletmeinbecauseIrecognizedhissilhouettebehindthecurtaineddoor.AndrewJacksonwasknownbythesobriquet“OldHickory.”

97Tomostgraduatesthesenioryearbookisatreasuredsouvenirofhighschooldays.George’ssixty-yardtouchdownrunwasanadmirabletourdeforcethatwonthegameforus.Atthebanquettable,Ihadthegoodfortunetositvis-a-visanknockoutoldschoolchum.AdditionWillbeneatenedImmortalityEnd[fish1]Seizeup;机器失灵;卡住了.Seizewith和getarrest差不多[fish2]tangibleasset有形资产(tangible切实的)[fish3]occupation=profession[fish4]合并v.n.=anaexation[fish5]fearless无惧,记不记得辛特勒名单中的fearlessStan.[fish6]Distinguish‘hunt’or‘haunt’[fish7]graduallyviolent:1.tumult2.turmoil3.commotion4.riothttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=30（第28／29页）2009-1-21上午03:01:52[fish8]distinguish‘drop’or‘drip’or‘drape’1.drape=curtainORdrape=hang[fish9]温文尔雅[fish10]adverse反对的;averseto嫌恶[fish11]validate;substantiate;attestto;makesure;prove;confirm;corroborate[fish12]smother;suffocate;bemuffledcausestifle[fish13]组织构造[fish14]正直的;谨慎的[fish15]王熙凤?[fish16]Shapping;limberup;relax;elastic;pliable;spread[fish17]搅和,融合,混合[fish18]伤势[fish19]destroy毁灭destiny命运[fish20]pokearound=stroll=saunter[fish21]probe探求;investigate调查;magneticneedle[fish22]消防官50篇应该背诵的英文请输入关键字作者：本站来源：本站整理发布时间：2008-12-1920:17:59减小字体增大字体01TheLanguageofMusicApainterhangshisorherfinishedpicturesonawall,andeveryonecanseeit.Acomposerwritesawork,butnoonecanhearituntilitisperformed.Professionalsingersandplayershavegreatresponsibilities,forthecomposerisutterlydependentonthem.Astudentofmusicneedsaslongandasarduousatrainingtobecomeaperformerasamedicalstudentneedstobecomeadoctor.Mosttrainingisconcernedwithtechnique,formusicianshavetohavethemuscularproficiencyofanathleteoraballetdancer.Singerspracticebreathingeveryday,astheirvocalchordswouldbeinadequatewithoutcontrolledmuscularsupport.Stringplayerspracticemovingthefingersofthelefthandupanddown,whiledrawingthebowtoandfrowiththerightarm—twoentirelydifferentmovements.Singersandinstrumentshavetobeabletogeteverynoteperfectlyintune.Pianistsaresparedthisparticularanxiety,forthenotesarealreadythere,waitingforthem,anditisthepianotuner’sresponsibilitytotunetheinstrumentforthem.Buttheyhavetheirowndifficulties;thehammersthathitthestringhavetobecoaxednottosoundlikepercussion,andeachoverlappingtonehastosoundclear.Thisproblemofgettingcleartextureisonethatconfrontsstudentconductors:theyhavetolearntoknoweverynoteofthemusicandhowitshouldsound,andtheyhavetoaimatcontrollingthesesoundwithfanaticalbutselflessauthority.Techniqueisofnouseunlessitiscombinedwithmusicalknowledgeandunderstanding.Greatartistsarethosewhoaresothoroughlyathomeinthelanguageofmusicthattheycanenjoyperformingworkswritteninanycentury.02SchoolingandEducationItiscommonlybelievedinUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshowerorinthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.Schooling,ontheotherhand,isaspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattherenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.

9803TheDefinitionof“Price”Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professional,transportation,andpublic-utilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorserviceor,inotherwordsthatpriceisthemoneyvaluesofaproductorserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatapplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.04ElectricityThemodernageisanageofelectricity.Peoplearesousedtoelectriclights,radio,televisions,andtelephonesthatitishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthem.Whenthereisapowerfailure,peoplegropeaboutinflickeringcandlelight,carshesitateinthestreetsbecausetherearenotrafficlightstoguidethem,andfoodspoilsinsilentrefrigerators.Yet,peoplebegantounderstandhowelectricityworksonlyalittlemorethantwocenturiesago.Naturehasapparentlybeenexperimentinginthisfieldformillionofyears.Scientistsarediscoveringmoreandmorethatthelivingworldmayholdmanyinterestingsecretsofelectricitythatcouldbenefithumanity.Alllivingcellsendouttinypulsesofelectricity.Astheheartbeats,itsendsoutpulsesofrecord;theyformanelectrocardiogram,whichadoctorcanstudytodeterminehowwelltheheartisworking.Thebrain,too,sendsoutbrainwavesofelectricity,whichcanberecordedinanelectroencephalogram.Theelectriccurrentsgeneratedbymostlivingcellsareextremelysmall–oftensosmallthatsensitiveinstrumentsareneededtorecordthem.Butinsomeanimals,certainmusclecellshavebecomesospecializedaselectricalgeneratorsthattheydonotworkasmusclecellsatall.Whenlargenumbersofthesecellarelinkedtogether,theeffectscanbeastonishing.Theelectriceelisanamazingstoragebattery.Itcanseedajoltofasmuchaseighthundredvoltsofelectricitythroughthewaterinwhichitlive.(Anelectrichousecurrentisonlyonehundredtwentyvolts.)Asmanyasfour-fifthsofallthecellsintheelectriceel’sbodyarespecializedforgeneratingelectricity,andthestrengthoftheshockitcandelivercorrespondsroughlytolengthofitsbody.05TheBeginningofDramaTherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonmostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld-eventheseasonalchanges-asunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeanstocontroltheseunknownandfearedpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassedsomeritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused,Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformancesandhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第3／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59whentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe"actingarea"andthe"auditorium."Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeings,andmimedthedesiredeffect-successinhuntorbattle,thecomingrain,therevivaloftheSun-asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisviestales(aboutthehunt,war,orotherfeats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthatareimitationsofanimalmovementsandsounds.06TelevisionTelevision-----themostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth-ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.Theword"television",derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visisight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,it

99worksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnonbroadcasttelevision,whichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforaboutthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnews,information,andentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第4／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:5907AndrewCarnegieAndrewCarnegie,knownastheKingofSteel,builtthesteelindustryintheUnitedStates,and,intheprocess,becameoneofthewealthiestmeninAmerica.Hissuccessresultedinpartfromhisabilitytoselltheproductandinpartfromhispolicyofexpandingduringperiodsofeconomicdecline,whenmostofhiscompetitorswerereducingtheirinvestments.Carnegiebelievedthatindividualsshouldprogressthroughhardwork,buthealsofeltstronglythatthewealthyshouldusetheirfortunesforthebenefitofsociety.Heopposedcharity,preferringinsteadtoprovideeducationalopportunitiesthatwouldallowotherstohelpthemselves."Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced,"heoftensaid.Amonghismorenoteworthycontributionstosocietyarethosethatbearhisname,includingtheCarnegieInstituteofPittsburgh,whichhasalibrary,amuseumoffinearts,andamuseumofnationalhistory.HealsofoundedaschooloftechnologythatisnowpartofCarnegie-MellonUniversity.OtherphilanthrophicgiftsaretheCarnegieEndowmentforInternationalPeacetopromoteunderstandingbetweennations,theCarnegieInstituteofWashingtontofundscientificresearch,andCarnegieHalltoprovideacenterforthearts.FewAmericanshavebeenleftuntouchedbyAndrewCarnegie'sgenerosity.Hiscontributionsofmorethanfivemilliondollarsestablished2,500librariesinsmallcommunitiesthroughoutthecountryandformedthenucleusofthepubliclibrarysystemthatweallenjoytoday.08AmericanRevolutionTheAmericanRevolutionwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework,suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia,whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations.Significantchangeswereusheredin,buttheywerenotbreathtaking.Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution.Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying,marryingandplaying.Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting,andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason.America'sWarofIndependenceheraldedthebirthofthreemodernnations.OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates.AnotherwasAustralia,whichbecameapenalcolonynowthatAmericawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors.Thethirdnewcomer-theUnitedStates-baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples.Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose.Insomestates,notablyConnecticutandRhodeIsland,thewarlargelyratifiedacolonialself-rulealreadyexisting.Britishofficials,everywhereousted,werereplacedbyahome-growngoverningclass,whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandParliament.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第5／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59Ifby"suburb"ismeantanurbanmarginthatgrowsmorerapidlythanitsalreadydevelopedinterior,theprocessofsuburbanizationbeganduringtheemergenceoftheindustrialcityinthesecondquarterofthenineteenthcentury.Beforethatperiodthecitywasasmallhighlycompactclusterinwhichpeoplemovedaboutonfootandgoodswereconveyedbyhorseandcart.Buttheearlyfactoriesbuiltinthe1840'swerelocatedalongwaterwaysandnearrailheadsattheedgesofcities,andhousingwasneededforthethousandsofpeopledrawnbytheprospectofemployment.Intime,thefactoriesweresurroundedbyproliferatingmilltownsofapartmentsandrowhousesthatabuttedtheolder,maincities.Asadefenseagainstthisencroachmentandtoenlargetheirtaxbases,thecitiesappropriatedtheirindustrialneighbors.In1854,forexample,thecityofPhiladelphiaannexedmostofPhiladelphiaCounty.SimilarmunicipalmaneuverstookplaceinChicagoandinNewYork.Indeed,mostgreatcitiesoftheUnitedStatesachievedsuchstatusonlybyincorporatingthecommunitiesalongtheirborders.Withtheaccelerationofindustrialgrowthcameacuteurbancrowdingandaccompanyingsocialstress-conditionsthatbegantoapproachdisastrousproportionswhen,in1888,thefirstcommerciallysuccessfulelectrictractionlinewasdeveloped.Withinafewyearsthehorse-drawntrolleyswereretiredandelectricstreetcarnetworkscrisscrossedandconnectedeverymajorurbanarea,fosteringawaveofsuburbanizationthattransformedthecompactindustrialcityintoadispersedmetropolis.Thisfirstphaseofmass-scalesuburbanizationwasreinforcedbythesimultaneousemergenceoftheurbanMiddleClass,whosedesiresforhomeownershipin

100neighborhoodsfarfromtheaginginnercityweresatisfiedbythedevelopersofsingle-familyhousingtracts.10TypesofSpeechStandardusageincludesthosewordsandexpressionsunderstood,used,andacceptedbyamajorityofthespeakersofalanguageinanysituationregardlessofthelevelofformality.Assuch,thesewordsandexpressionsarewelldefinedandlistedinstandarddictionaries.Colloquialisms,ontheotherhand,arefamiliarwordsandidiomsthatareunderstoodbyalmostallspeakersofalanguageandusedininformalspeechorwriting,butnotconsideredappropriateformoreformalsituations.Almostallidiomaticexpressionsarecolloquiallanguage.Slang,however,referstowordsandexpressionsunderstoodbyalargenumberofspeakersbutnotacceptedasgood,formalusagebythemajority.Colloquialexpressionsandevenslangmaybefoundinstandarddictionariesbutwillbesoidentified.Bothcolloquialusageandslangaremorecommoninspeechthaninwriting.Colloquialspeechoftenpassesintostandardspeech.Someslangalsopassesintostandardspeech,butotherslangexpressionsenjoymomentarypopularityfollowedbyobscurity.Insomecases,themajorityneveracceptscertainslangphrasesbutneverthelessretainsthemintheircollectivememories.Everygenerationseemstorequireitsownsetofwordstodescribefamiliarobjectsandevents.Ithasbeenpointedoutbyanumberoflinguiststhatthreeculturalconditionsarenecessaryforthecreationofalargebodyofslangexpressions.First,theintroductionandacceptanceofnewobjectsandsituationsinthesociety;second,adiversepopulationwithalargenumberofsubgroups;third,associationamongthesubgroupsandthemajoritypopulation.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第6／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59Finally,itisworthnotingthattheterms"standard""colloquial"and"slang"existonlyasabstractlabelsforscholarswhostudylanguage.Onlyatinynumberofthespeakersofanylanguagewillbeawarethattheyareusingcolloquialorslangexpressions.MostspeakersofEnglishwill,duringappropriatesituations,selectanduseallthreetypesofexpressions.11ArchaeologyArchaeologyisasourceofhistory,notjustabumbleauxiliarydiscipline.Archaeologicaldataarehistoricaldocumentsintheirownright,notmereillustrationstowrittentexts,Justasmuchasanyotherhistorian,anarchaeologiststudiesandtriestoreconstitutetheprocessthathascreatedthehumanworldinwhichwelive-andusourselvesinsofarasweareeachcreaturesofourageandsocialenvironment.Archaeologicaldataareallchangesinthematerialworldresultingfromhumanactionor,moresuccinctly,thefossilizedresultsofhumanbehavior.Thesumtotaloftheseconstituteswhatmaybecalledthearchaeologicalrecord.Thisrecordexhibitscertainpeculiaritiesanddeficienciestheconsequencesofwhichproducearathersuperficialcontrastbetweenarchaeologicalhistoryandthemorefamiliarkindbaseduponwrittenrecords.Notallhumanbehaviorfossilizes.ThewordsIutterandyouhearasvibrationsintheairarecertainlyhumanchangesinthematerialworldandmaybeofgreathistoricalsignificance.Yettheyleavenosortoftraceinthearchaeologicalrecordsunlesstheyarecapturedbyadictaphoneorwrittendownbyaclerk.Themovementoftroopsonthebattlefieldmay"changethecourseofhistory,"butthisisequallyephemeralfromthearchaeologist'sstandpoint.Whatisperhapsworse,mostorganicmaterialsareperishable.Everythingmadeofwood,hide,wool,linen,grass,hair,andsimilarmaterialswilldecayandvanishindustinafewyearsorcenturies,saveunderveryexceptionalconditions.Inarelativelybriefperiodthearchaeologicalrecordisreducetomerescrapsofstone,bone,glass,metal,andearthenware.Stillmodernarchaeology,byapplyingappropriatetechniquesandcomparativemethods,aidedbyafewluckyfindsfrompeat-bogs,deserts,andfrozensoils,isabletofillupagooddealofthegap.12MuseumsFromBostontoLosAngeles,fromNewYorkCitytoChicagotoDallas,museumsareeitherplanning,building,orwrappingupwholesaleexpansionprograms.Theseprogramsalreadyhaveradicallyalteredfacadesandfloorplansorareexpectedtodosointhenot-too-distantfuture.InNewYorkCityalone,sixmajorinstitutionshavespreadupandoutintotheairspaceandneighborhoodsaroundthemorarepreparingtodoso.Thereasonsforthisconfluenceofactivityarecomplex,butonefactorisaconsiderationeverywhere-space.Withcollectionsexpanding,withtheneedsandfunctionsofmuseumschanging,emptyspacehasbecomeaverypreciouscommodity.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第7／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59ProbablynowhereinthecountryisthismoretruethanatthePhiladelphiaMuseumofArt,whichhasneededadditionalspacefordecadesandwhichreceiveditslastsignificantfacelifttenyearsago.Becauseofthespacecrunch,theArtMuseumhasbecomeincreasinglycautiousinconsideringacquisitionsanddonationsofart,insomecasespassingupopportunitiestostrengthenitscollections.Deaccessing-orsellingoff-worksofarthastakenonnewimportancebecauseofthemuseum'sspaceproblems.Andincreasingly,curatorshavebeenforcedtojugglegalleryspace,rotatingonemasterpieceintopublicviewwhileanotherissenttostorage.Despitetheclearneedforadditionalgalleryandstoragespace,however,"themuseumhasnoplan,noplantobreakoutofitsenvelopeinthenextfifteenyears,"accordingtoPhiladelphiaMuseumofArt'spresident.13SkyscrapersandEnvironmentInthelate1960's,manypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblems,andnewsteel-andglassskyscraperswerewidelycriticized.Ecologistspointedoutthataclusteroftallbuildingsinacityoftenoverburdenspublictransportationandparkinglotcapacities.

101Skyscrapersarealsolavishconsumers,andwasters,ofelectricpower.Inonerecentyear,theadditionof17millionsquarefeetofskyscraperofficespaceinNewYorkCityraisedthepeakdailydemandforelectricityby120,000kilowatts-enoughtosupplytheentirecityofAlbany,NewYork,foraday.Glass-walledskyscraperscanbeespeciallywasteful.Theheatloss(orgain)throughawallofhalf-inchplateglassismorethantentimesthatthroughatypicalmasonrywallfilledwithinsulationboard.Tolessenthestrainonheatingandair-conditioningequipment,buildersofskyscrapershavebeguntousedouble-glazedpanelsofglass,andreflectiveglassescoatedwithsilverorgoldmirrorfilmsthatreduceglareaswellasheatgain.However,mirror-walledskyscrapersraisethetemperatureofthesurroundingairandaffectneighboringbuildings.Skyscrapersputaseverestrainonacity'ssanitationfacilities,too.Iffullyoccupied,thetwoWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkCitywouldalonegenerate2.25milliongallonsofrawsewageeachyear-asmuchasacitythesizeofStanford,Connecticut,whichhasapopulationofmorethan109,000.14ARareFossilRecordThepreservationofembryosandjuvenilesisarateoccurrenceinthefossilrecord.Thetiny,delicateskeletonsareusuallyscatteredbyscavengersordestroyedbyweatheringbeforetheycanbefossilized.Ichthyosaurshadahigherchanceofbeinghttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第8／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59preservedthandidterrestrialcreaturesbecause,asmarineanimals,theytendedtoliveinenvironmentslesssubjecttoerosion.Still,theirfossilizationrequiredasuiteoffactors:aslowrateofdecayofsofttissues,littlescavengingbyotheranimals,alackofswiftcurrentsandwavestojumbleandcarryawaysmallbones,andfairlyrapidburial.Giventhesefactors,someareashavebecomeatreasuryofwell-preservedichthyosaurfossils.ThedepositsatHolzmaden,Germany,presentaninterestingcaseforanalysis.Theichthyosaurremainsarefoundinblack,bituminousmarineshalesdepositedabout190millionyearsago.Overtheyears,thousandsofspecimensofmarinereptiles,fishandinvertebrateshavebeenrecoveredfromtheserocks.Thequalityofpreservationisoutstanding,butwhatisevenmoreimpressiveisthenumberofichthyosaurfossilscontainingpreservedembryos.Ichthyosaurswithembryoshavebeenreportedfrom6differentlevelsoftheshaleinasmallareaaroundHolzmaden,suggestingthataspecificsitewasusedbylargenumbersofichthyosaursrepeatedlyovertime.Theembryosarequiteadvancedintheirphysicaldevelopment;theirpaddles,forexample,arealreadywellformed.Onespecimenisevenpreservedinthebirthcanal.Inaddition,theshalecontainstheremainsofmanynewbornsthatarebetween20and30incheslong.WhyaretheresomanypregnantfemalesandyoungatHolzmadenwhentheyaresorareelsewhere?Thequalityofpreservationisalmostunmatchedandquarryoperationshavebeencarriedoutcarefullywithanawarenessofthevalueofthefossils.Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth.15TheNobelAcademyForthelast82years,Sweden'sNobelAcademyhasdecidedwhowillreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature,therebydeterminingwhowillbeelevatedfromthegreatandtheneargreattotheimmortal.ButtodaytheAcademyiscomingunderheavycriticismbothfromthewithoutandfromwithin.CriticscontendthattheselectionofthewinnersoftenhaslesstodowithtruewritingabilitythanwiththepeculiarinternalpoliticsoftheAcademyandofSwedenitself.AccordingtoIngmarBjorksten,theculturaleditorforoneofthecountry'stwomajornewspapers,theprizecontinuestorepresent"whatpeoplecallaverySwedishexercise:reflectingSwedishtastes."TheAcademyhasdefendeditselfagainstsuchchargesofprovincialisminitsselectionbyassertingthatitsphysicaldistancefromthegreatliterarycapitalsoftheworldactuallyservestoprotecttheAcademyfromoutsideinfluences.Thismaywellbetrue,butcriticsrespondthatthisverydistancemayalsoberesponsiblefortheAcademy'sinabilitytoperceiveaccuratelyauthentictrendsintheliteraryworld.Regardlessofconcernsovertheselectionprocess,however,itseemsthattheprizewillcontinuetosurvivebothasanindicatoroftheliteraturethatwemosthighlypraise,andasanelusivegoalthatwritersseek.Iffornootherreason,theprizewillcontinuetobedesirableforthefinancialrewardsthataccompanyit;notonlyisthecashprizeitselfconsiderable,butitalsodramaticallyincreasessalesofanauthor'sbooks.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第9／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:5916.thewarbetweenBritainandFranceInthelateeighteenthcentury,battlesragedinalmosteverycornerofEurope,aswellasintheMiddleEast,southAfrica,theWestIndies,andLatinAmerica.Inreality,however,therewasonlyonemajorwarduringthistime,thewarbetweenBritainandFrance.Allotherbattleswereancillarytothislargerconflict,andwereoftenatleastpartiallyrelatedtoitsantagonist’goalsandstrategies.FrancesoughttotaldominationofEurope.thisgoalwasobstructedbyBritishindependenceandBritain’seffortsthroughoutthecontinenttothwartNapoleon;throughtreaties.Britainbuiltcoalitions(notdissimilarinconcepttotoday’sNATO)guaranteeingBritishparticipationinallmajorEuropeanconflicts.Thesetwoantagonistswerepoorlymatched,insofarastheyhadveryunequalstrengths;Francewaspredominantonland,Britainatsea.TheFrenchknewthat,shortofdefeatingtheBritishnavy,theironlyhopeofvictorywastoclosealltheportsofEuropetoBritishships.Accordingly,FrancesetouttoovercomeBritainbyextendingitsmilitarydominationfromMoscowtLisbon,fromJutlandtoCalabria.Allofthisentailedtremendousrisk,becauseFrancedidnothavethemilitaryresourcestocontrolthismuchterritoryandstillprotectitselfandmaintainorderathome.Frenchstrategistscalculatedthatanavyof150shipswouldprovidetheforcenecessarytodefeattheBritishnavy.SuchaforcewouldgiveFranceathree-to-twoadvantageoverBritain.ThisadvantagewasdeemednecessarybecauseofBritain’ssuperiorseaskillsandtechnologybecauseofBritain’ssuperiorseaskillsandtechnology,andalsobecauseBritainwouldbefightingadefensivewar,allowingittowinwithfewerforces.Napoleonneverlostsubstantialimpedimenttohiscontrol

102ofEurope.Ashisforcenearedthatgoal,Napoleongrewincreasinglyimpatientandbeganplanninganimmediateattack.17.EvolutionofsleepSleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles.Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpraytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneraseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,theUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhavesuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.18.ModernAmericanUniversities胖胖：）http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第10／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59Beforethe1850’s,theUnitedStateshadanumberofsmallcolleges,mostofthemdatingfromcolonialdays.Theyweresmall,churchconnectedinstitutionswhoseprimaryconcernwastoshapethemoralcharacteroftheirstudents.ThroughoutEurope,institutionsofhigherlearninghaddeveloped,bearingtheancientnameofuniversity.InGermanuniversitywasconcernedprimarilywithcreatingandspreadingknowledge,notmorals.Betweenmid-centuryandtheendofthe1800’s,morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermanyforadvancedstudy.Someofthemreturntobecomepresidentsofvenerablecolleges-----Harvard,Yale,Columbia---andtransformthemintomodernuniversities.Thenewpresidentsbrokealltieswiththechurchesandbroughtinanewkindoffaculty.Professorswerehiredfortheirknowledgeofasubject,notbecausetheywereoftheproperfaithandhadastrongarmfordiscipliningstudents.Thenewprinciplewasthatauniversitywastocreateknowledgeaswellaspassiton,andthiscalledforafacultycomposedofteacher-scholars.DrillingandlearningbyrotewerereplacedbytheGermanmethodoflecturing,inwhichtheprofessor’sownresearchwaspresentedinclass.GraduatetrainingleadingtothePh.D.,anancientGermandegreesignifyingthehighestlevelofadvancedscholarlyattainment,wasintroduced.Withtheestablishmentoftheseminarsystem,graduatestudentlearnedtoquestion,analyze,andconducttheirownresearch.Atthesametime,thenewuniversitygreatlyexpandedinsizeandcourseofferings,breakingcompletelyoutoftheold,constrictedcurriculumofmathematics,classics,rhetoric,andmusic.ThepresidentofHarvardpioneeredtheelectivesystem,bywhichstudentswereabletochoosetheirowncourseofstudy.Thenotionofmajorfieldsofstudyemerged.Thenewgoalwastomaketheuniversityrelevanttotherealpursuitsoftheworld.Payingcloseheedtothepracticalneedsofsociety,thenewuniversitiestrainedmenandwomentoworkatitstasks,withengineeringstudentsbeingthemostcharacteristicofthenewregime.Studentswerealsotrainedaseconomists,architects,agriculturalists,socialwelfareworkers,andteachers.19.children’snumericalskills怎么还是胖胖：）peopleappeartoborntocompute.Thenumericalskillsofchildrendevelopsoearlyandsoinexorablythatitiseasytoimagineaninternalclockofmathematicalmaturityguidingtheirgrowth.Notlongafterlearningtowalkandtalk,theycansetthetablewithimpressaccuracy---oneknife,onespoon,onefork,foreachofthefivechairs.Soontheyarecapableofnothingthattheyhaveplacedfiveknives,spoonsandforksonthetableand,abitlater,thatthisamountstofifteenpiecesofsilverware.Havingthusmasteredaddition,theymoveontosubtraction.Itseemsalmostreasonabletoexpectthatifachildweresecludedonadesertislandatbirthandretrievedsevenyearslater,heorshecouldenterasecondenterasecond-grademathematicsclasswithoutanyseriousproblemsofintellectualadjustment.Ofcourse,thetruthisnotsosimple.Thiscentury,theworkofcognitivepsychologistshasilluminatedthesubtleformsofdailylearningonwhichintellectualprogressdepends.Childrenwereobservedastheyslowlygrasped-----or,asthecasemightbe,bumpedinto-----conceptsthatadultstakeforquantityisunchangedaswaterpoursfromashortglassintoatallthinone.Psychologistshavesincedemonstratedthatyoungchildren,askedtocountthepencilsinapile,readilyreportthenumberofblueorredpencils,butmustbecoaxedintofindingthetotal.Suchstudieshavesuggestedthattherudimentsofhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第11／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59mathematicsaremasteredgradually,andwitheffort.Theyhavealsosuggestedthattheveryconceptofabstractnumbers------theideaofaoneness,atwoness,athreenessthatappliestoanyclassofobjectsandisaprerequisitefordoinganythingmoremathematicallydemandingthansettingatable-----isitselffarfrominnate20TheHistoricalSignificanceofAmericanRevolutionThewaysofhistoryaresointricateandthemotivationsofhumanactionssocomplexthatitisalwayshazardoustoattempttorepresenteventscoveringanumberofyears,amultiplicityofpersons,anddistantlocalitiesastheexpressionofoneintellectualorsocialmovement;yetthehistoricalprocesswhichculminatedintheascent

103ofThomasJeffersontothepresidencycanberegardedastheoutstandingexamplenotonlyofthebirthofanewwayoflifebutofnationalismasanewwayoflife.TheAmericanRevolutionrepresentsthelinkbetweentheseventeenthcentury,inwhichmodernEnglandbecameconsciousofitself,andtheawakeningofmodernEuropeattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.ItmayseemstrangethatthemarchofhistoryshouldhavehadtocrosstheAtlanticOcean,butonlyintheNorthAmericancoloniescouldastruggleforciviclibertyleadalsotothefoundationofanewnation.Here,inthepopularrisingagainsta“tyrannical”government,thefruitsweremorethanthesecuringofafreerconstitution.Theyincludedthegrowthofanationborninlibertybythewillofthepeople,notfromtherootsofcommondescent,ageographicentity,ortheambitionsofkingordynasty.WiththeAmericannation,forthefirsttime,anationwasborn,notinthedimpastofhistorybutbeforetheeyesofthewholeworld.21TheOriginofSportsWhendidsportbegin?Ifsportis,inessence,play,theclaimmightbemadethatsportismucholderthanhumankind,for,asweallhaveobserved,thebeastsplay.Dogsandcatswrestleandplayballgames.Fishesandbirdsdance.Theapeshavesimple,pleasurablegames.Frolickinginfants,schoolchildrenplayingtag,andadultarmwrestlersaredemonstratingstrong,transgenerationalandtransspeciesbondswiththeuniverseofanimals–past,present,andfuture.Younganimals,particularly,tumble,chase,runwrestle,mock,imitate,andlaugh(orsoitseems)tothepointofdelightedexhaustion.Theirplay,andours,appearstoservenootherpurposethantogivepleasuretotheplayers,andapparently,toremoveustemporarilyfromtheanguishoflifeinearnest.Somephilosophershaveclaimedthatourplayfulnessisthemostnoblepartofourbasicnature.Intheirgenerousconceptions,playharmlesslyandexperimentallypermitsustoputourcreativeforces,fantasy,andimaginationintoaction.Playisreleasefromthetediousbattlesagainstscarcityanddeclinewhicharetheincessant,andinevitable,tragediesoflife.Thisisagrandconceptionthatexcitesandprovokes.Theholdersofthisviewclaimthattheoriginsofourhighestaccomplishments----liturgy,literature,andlaw----canbetracedtoaplayimpulsewhich,paradoxically,weseemostpurelyenjoyedbyyoungbeastsandchildren.Oursports,inthisratherhappy,nonfatalisticviewofhumannature,aremoresplendidcreationsofthenondatable,transspeciesplayimpulse.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第12／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:5922.CollectiblesCollectibleshavebeenapartofalmosteveryculturesinceancienttimes.Whereassomeobjectshavebeencollectedfortheirusefulness,othershavebeenselectedfortheiraestheticbeautyalone.IntheUnitedStates,thekindsofcollectiblescurrentlypopularrangefromtraditionalobjectssuchasstamps,coins,rarebooks,andarttomorerecentitemsofinterestlikedolls,bottles,baseballcards,andcomicbooks.Interestincollectibleshasincreasedenormouslyduringthepastdecade,inpartbecausesomecollectibleshavedemonstratedtheirvalueasinvestments.Especiallyduringcyclesofhighinflation,investorstrytopurchasetangiblesthatwillatleastretaintheircurrentmarketvalues.Ingeneral,themosttraditionalcollectibleswillbesoughtbecausetheyhavepreservedtheirvalueovertheyears,thereisanorganizedauctionmarketforthem,andtheyaremosteasilysoldintheeventthatcashisneeded.Someexamplesofthemoststablecollectiblesareoldmasters,Chineseceramics,stamps,coins,rarebooks,antiquejewelry,silver,porcelain,artbywell-knownartists,autographs,andperiodfurniture.Otheritemsofmorerecentinterestincludeoldphotographrecords,oldmagazines,postcards,baseballcards,artglass,dolls,classiccars,oldbottles,andcomicbooks.Theserelativelynewkindsofcollectiblesmayactuallyappreciatefasterasshort-terminvestments,butmaynotholdtheirvalueaslong-terminvestments.Onceacollectiblehashaditsinitialplay,itappreciatesatafairlysteadyrate,supportedbyanincreasingnumberofenthusiasticcollectorscompetingforthelimitedsupplyofcollectiblesthatbecomeincreasinglymoredifficulttolocate.23FordAlthoughHenryFord’snameiscloselyassociatedwiththeconceptofmassproduction,heshouldreceiveequalcreditforintroducinglaborpracticesasearlyas1913thatwouldbeconsideredadvancedevenbytoday’sstandards.Safetymeasureswereimproved,andtheworkdaywasreducedtoeighthours,comparedwiththeten-ortwelve-hourdaycommonatthetime.Inordertoaccommodatetheshorterworkday,theentirefactorywasconvertedfromtwotothreeshifts.Inaddition,sickleavesaswellasimprovedmedicalcareforthoseinjuredonthejobwereinstituted.TheFordMotorCompanywasoneofthefirstfactoriestodevelopatechnicalschooltotrainspecializedskilledlaborersandanEnglishlanguageschoolforimmigrants.Someeffortswereevenmadetohirethehandicappedandprovidejobsforformerconvicts.Themostwidelyacclaimedinnovationwasthefive-dollar-a-dayminimumwagethatwasofferedinordertorecruitandretainthebestmechanicsandtodiscouragethegrowthoflaborunions.Fordexplainedthenewwagepolicyintermsofefficiencyandprofitsharing.Healsomentionedthefactthathisemployeeswouldbeabletopurchasetheautomobilesthattheyproduced–ineffectcreatingamarketfortheproduct.Inordertoqualifyfortheminimumwage,anemployeehadtoestablishadecenthomeanddemonstrategoodpersonalhabits,includingsobriety,thriftiness,industriousness,andhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第13／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59dependability.AlthoughsomecriticismwasdirectedatFordforinvolvinghimselftoomuchinthepersonallivesofhisemployees,therecanbenodoubtthat,atatimewhenimmigrantswerebeingtakenadvantageofinfrightfulways,HenryFordwashelpingmanypeopletoestablishthemselvesinAmerica.24．Piano

104Theancestryofthepianocanbetracedtotheearlykeyboardinstrumentsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies---thespinet,thedulcimer,andthevirginal.Intheseventeenthcenturytheorgan,theclavichord,andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup,asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthemattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.Theclavichord’stonewasmetallicandneverpowerful;nevertheless,becauseofthevarietyoftonepossibletoit,manycomposersfoundtheclavichordasympatheticinstrumentforintimatechambermusic.Theharpsichordwithitsbright,vigoroustonewasthefavoriteinstrumentforsupportingthebassofthesmallorchestraoftheperiodandforconcertuse,butthecharacterofthetonecouldnotbevariedsavebymechanicalorstructuraldevices.ThepianowasperfectedintheearlyeighteenthcenturybyaharpsichordmakerinItaly(thoughmusicologistspointoutseveralpreviousinstancesoftheinstrument).Thisinstrumentwascalledapianoeforte(sortandloud),toindicateitsdynamicversatility;itsstringswerestruckbyarecoilinghammerwithafelt-paddedhead.Thewiresweremuchheavierintheearlierinstruments.Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcentury,includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit,theperfectionofametalframe,andsteelwireofthefinestquality,finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffectsfromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound,fromaliquid,singingtonetoasharp,percussivebrilliance.NOTE:MusicalInstrumentsstrings(弦乐)1)plectrum:harp,lute,guitar,mandolin;2)keyboard:clavichord,harpsichord,piano;3)bow:violin,viola,cello,doublebass.2.TheWood（木管）—winds:piccolo,flute,oboe,clarinet,bassoon,Englishhorn;3.thebrass（铜管）:Frenchhorn,trumpet,trombone,cornet,tuba,bugle,saxophone;percussion（打击组）:kettledrum,bassdrum,snaredrum,castanet,xylophone,celesta,cymbal,tambourine.25.MovieMusicAccustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”,thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.Fromtheverybeginning,musicwasregardedasanindispensableaccompaniment;whenthehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第14／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59LumierefilmswereshownatthefirstpublicfilmexhibitionintheUnitedStatesinFebruary1896,theywereaccompaniedbypianoimprovisationsonpopulartunes.Atfirst,themusicplayedborenospecialrelationshiptothefilms;anaccompanimentofanykindwassufficient.Withinaveryshorttime,however,theincongruityofplayinglivelymusictoasolemnfilmbecameapparent,andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomecareinmatchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthefilm.Asmovietheatersgrewinnumberandimportance,aviolinist,andperhapsacellist,wouldbeaddedtothepianistincertaincases,andinthelargermovietheaterssmallorchestraswereformed.Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsoftheconductororleaderoftheorchestra,andveryoftentheprincipalqualificationforholdingsuchapositionwasnotskillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusicalpieces.Sincetheconductorseldomsawthefilmsuntilthenightbeforetheyweretobeshown(ifindeed,theconductorwasluckyenoughtoseethemthen),themusicalarrangementwasnormallyimprovisedinthegreatesthurry.Tohelpmeetthisdifficulty,filmdistributingcompaniesstartedthepracticeofpublishingsuggestionsformusicalaccompaniments.In1909,forexample,theEdisonCompanybeganissuingwiththeirfilmssuchindicationsofmoodas“pleasant”,“sad”,“lively”.Thesuggestionsbecamemoreexplicit,andsoemergedthemusicalcuesheetcontainingindicationsofmood,thetitlesofsuitablepiecesofmusic,andprecisedirectionstoshowwhereonepieceledintothenext.Certainfilmshadmusicespeciallycomposedforthem.ThemostfamousoftheseearlyspecialscoreswasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.WGriffith’sfilmBirthofaNation,whichwasreleasedin1915.Note:美国通俗音乐分类：1．Jazz;1)traditionaljazz----a)blues,代表人物：BillyHolidayb)ragtime(切分乐曲):代表人物：ScottJoplinc)NewOrleansjazz(=Dixielandjazz)eg:LouisArmstrond)swingeg:GlennMiller,DukeEllington,etc.e)bop(=bebop,rebop)eg:LesterYoung,CharlieParkeretc.2)modernjazz------a)cooljazz(=progressivejazz)高雅爵士乐。Eg:KennyG.b)third-streamjazz.Eg:CharlesMingus,JohnLewis.c)mainstreamjazz.d)avant-gardejazz.e)souljazz.Eg:SarahVaughn,EllaFitzgeraldf)Latinjazz.2.gospelmusic福音音乐，主要源于Nerospirituals.Eg.DollyParker,MahaliaJackson3.CountryandWesternmusic.Eg.JohnDenver,TammyWynette,KennyRogers,etc.4.Rockmusic-----------a)rockandrolleg:ElvisPrestley(US),theBeatles(UK.)b)folkrockEg:BobDylon,MichaelJackson,MariahCarey,Bruce

105Springsteen,LionelRicheetc.c)punkrockd)acidrockhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第15／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59e)rockjazzeg:M.J.McLaughlinf)Jurassicrock5.Musicforeasylistening(i.e.lightmusic)26.InternationalBusinessandCross-culturalCommunicationTheincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadedandhowcompromiseisreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthyandimpersonal.ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemulti-million-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargainingfurther.TheAmericannegotiator’srolebecomesthatofanimpersonalpurveyorofinformationandcash.InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeenidentifiedthatmayservetoconfirmthisstereotypicalperception,whileunderminingthenegotiator’sposition.Twotraitsinparticularthatcausecross-culturalmisunderstandingaredirectnessandimpatienceonthepartoftheAmericannegotiator.Furthermore,Americannegotiatorsofteninsistonrealizingshort-termgoals.Foreignnegotiators,ontheotherhand,mayvaluetherelationshipestablishedbetweennegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-termbenefits.Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymayoptforindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.27.ScientificTheoriesInscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatarerelated.Atheoryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistspicturethewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Agoodexampleofthisisfoundinthekineticmoleculartheory,inwhichgasesarepicturedasbeingmadeupofmanysmallparticlesthatareinconstantmotion.Ausefultheory,inadditiontoexplainingpastobservations,helpstopredicteventsthathavenotasyetbeenobserved.Afteratheoryhasbeenpublicized,scientistsdesignexperimentstotestthetheory.Ifobservationsconfirmthescientist’spredictions,thetheoryissupported.Ifobservationsdonotconfirmthepredictions,thescientistsmustsearchfurther.Theremaybeafaultintheexperiment,orthetheorymayhavetoberevisedorrejected.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第16／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59Scienceinvolvesimaginationandcreativethinkingaswellascollectinginformationandperformingexperiments.Factsbythemselvesarenotscience.AsthemathematicianJulesHenriPoincaresaid,“Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse.”Mostscientistsstartaninvestigationbyfindingoutwhatotherscientistshavelearnedaboutaparticularproblem.Afterknownfactshavebeengathered,thescientistcomestothepartoftheinvestigationthatrequiresconsiderableimagination.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareformulated.Thesepossiblesolutionsarecalledhypotheses.Inaway,anyhypothesisisaleapintotheunknown.Itextendsthescientist’sthinkingbeyondtheknownfacts.Thescientistplansexperiments,performscalculations,andmakesobservationstotesthypotheses.Withouthypothesis,furtherinvestigationlackspurposeanddirection.Whenhypothesesareconfirmed,theyareincorporatedintotheories.28.ChangingRolesofPublicEducationOneofthemostimportantsocialdevelopmentsthathelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpubliceducationwastheeffectofthebabyboomofthe1950'sand1960'sontheschools.Inthe1920's,butespeciallyintheDepressionconditionsofthe1930's,theUnitedStatesexperiencedadecliningbirthrate---everythousandwomenagedfifteentoforty-fourgavebirthtoabout118livechildrenin1920,89.2in1930,75.8in1936,and80in1940.WiththegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedityoungpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946,106.2in1950,and118in1955.Althougheconomicswasprobablythemostimportantdeterminant,itisnottheonlyexplanationforthebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplacedontheideaofthefamilyalsohelpstoexplainthisriseinbirthrates.Thebabyboomersbeganstreamingintothefirstgradebythemid1940'sandbecameafloodby1950.Thepublicschoolsystemsuddenlyfounditselfovertaxed.Whilethenumberofschoolchildrenrosebecauseofwartimeandpostwarconditions,thesesameconditionsmadetheschoolsevenlesspreparedtocopewiththefood.Thewartimeeconomymeantthatfewnewschoolswerebuiltbetween1940and1945.Moreover,duringthewarandintheboomtimesthatfollowed,largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionforbetter-payingjobselsewhereintheeconomy.Thereforeinthe1950’sand1960’s,thebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem.Consequently,the“custodialrhetoric”ofthe1930’sandearly1940’snolongermadesensethatis,keepingyouthsagedsixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketbykeepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahighpriorityforan

106institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildrenagedfivetosixteen.Withthebabyboom,thefocusofeducatorsandoflaymeninterestedineducationinevitablyturnedtowardthelowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsanddiscipline.Thesystemnolongerhadmuchinterestinofferingnontraditional,new,andextraservicestoolderyouths.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第17／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:5929TelecommutingTelecommuting--substitutingthecomputerforthetriptothejob----hasbeenhailedasasolutiontoallkindsofproblemsrelatedtoofficework.Forworkersitpromisesfreedomfromtheoffice,lesstimewastedintraffic,andhelpwithchild-careconflicts.Formanagement,telecommutinghelpskeephighperformersonboard,minimizestardinessandabsenteeismbyeliminatingcommutes,allowsperiodsofsolitudeforhigh-concentrationtasks,andprovidesschedulingflexibility.Insomeareas,suchasSouthernCaliforniaandSeattle,Washington,localgovernmentsareencouragingcompaniestostarttelecommutingprogramsinordertoreducerush-hourcongestionandimproveairquality.Butthesebenefitsdonotcomeeasily.Makingatelecommutingprogramworkrequirescarefulplanningandanunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweentelecommutingrealitiesandpopularimages.Manyworkersareseducedbyrosyillusionsoflifeasatelecommuter.AcomputerprogrammerfromNewYorkCitymovestothetranquilAdirondackMountainsandstaysincontactwithherofficeviacomputer.Amanagercomesintohisofficethreedaysaweekandworksathometheothertwo.Anaccountantstayshometocareforhersickchild;shehooksuphertelephonemodernconnectionsanddoesofficeworkbetweencallstothedoctor.Thesearepowerfulimages,buttheyarealimitedreflectionofreality.Telecommutingworkerssoonlearnthatitisalmostimpossibletoconcentrateonworkandcareforayoungchildatthesametime.Beforeacertainage,youngchildrencannotrecognize,muchlessrespect,thenecessaryboundariesbetweenworkandfamily.Additionalchildsupportisnecessaryiftheparentistogetanyworkdone.Managementtoomustseparatethemythfromthereality.Althoughthemediahaspaidagreatdealofattentiontotelecommutinginmostcasesitistheemployee’ssituation,nottheavailabilityoftechnologythatprecipitatesatelecommutingarrangement. Thatispartlywhy,despitethewidespreadpresscoverage,thenumberofcompanieswithwork-at-homeprogramsorpolicyguidelinesremainssmall.30TheoriginofRefrigeratorsBythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox”hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halfoftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第18／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59use.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappinguptheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.Butasearlyas1803,andingeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,Mooreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.31BritishColumbiaBritishColumbiaisthethirdlargestCanadianprovinces,bothinareaandpopulation.Itisnearly1.5timesaslargeasTexas,andextends800miles(1,280km)northfromtheUnitedStatesborder.ItincludesCanada’sentirewestcoastandtheislandsjustoffthecoast.MostofBritishColumbiaismountainous,withlongruggedrangesrunningnorthandsouth.Eventhecoastalislandsaretheremainsofamountainrangethatexistedthousandsofyearsago.DuringthelastIceAge,thisrangewasscouredbyglaciersuntilmostofitwasbeneaththesea.Itspeaksnowshowasislandsscatteredalongthecoast.Thesouthwesterncoastalregionhasahumidmildmarineclimate.SeawindsthatblowinlandfromthewestarewarmedbyacurrentofwarmwaterthatflowsthroughthePacificOcean.Asaresult,wintertemperaturesaverageabovefreezingandsummersaremild.Thesewarmwesternwindsalsocarrymoisturefromtheocean.Inlandfromthecoast,thewindsfromthePacificmeetthemountainbarriersofthecoastalrangesandtheRockyMountains.Astheyrisetocrossthemountains,thewindsarecooled,andtheirmoisturebeginstofallasrain.Onsomeofthewesternslopesalmost200inches(500cm)ofrainfalleachyear.

107MorethanhalfofBritishColumbiaisheavilyforested.Onmountainslopesthatreceiveplentifulrainfall,hugeDouglasfirsriseintoweringcolumns.Theseforestgiantsoftengrowtobeasmuchas300feet(90m)tall,withdiametersupto10feet(3m).MorelumberisproducedfromthesetreesthanfromanyotherkindoftreeinNorthAmerica.Hemlock,redcedar,andbalsamfirareamongtheothertreesfoundinBritishColumbia.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第19／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:5932BotanyBotany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Formanythousandsofyearsitwastheonefieldofawarenessaboutwhichhumanshadanythingmorethanthevaguestofinsights.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butformwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexistadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Thisislogical.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthingsevenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeoplenotonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,medicines,shelter,andagreatmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothem,botany,assuch,hasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof“knowledge”atall.Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.WhenourNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild-andtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.33Plankton浮游生物./'plжηktэn;`plжηktэn/Scatteredthroughtheseasoftheworldarebillionsoftonsofsmallplantsandanimalscalledplankton.Mostoftheseplantsandanimalsaretoosmallforthehumaneyetosee.Theydriftaboutlazilywiththecurrents,providingabasicfoodformanylargeranimals.Planktonhasbeendescribedastheequivalentofthegrassesthatgrowonthedrylandcontinents,andthecomparisonisanappropriateone.Inpotentialfoodvalue,however,planktonfaroutweighsthatofthelandgrasses.Onescientisthasestimatedthatwhilegrassesoftheworldproduceabout49billiontonsofvaluablecarbohydrateseachyear,thesea’splanktongeneratesmorethantwiceasmuch.Despiteitsenormousfoodpotential,littleeffectwasmadeuntilrecentlytofarmplanktonaswefarmgrassesonland.Nowmarinescientistshaveatlastbeguntostudythispossibility,especiallyasthesea’sresourcesloomevenmoreimportantasameansoffeedinganexpandingworldpopulation.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第20／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59Nooneyethasseriouslysuggestedthat“plankton-burgers”maysoonbecomepopulararoundtheworld.Asapossiblefarmedsupplementaryfoodsource,however,planktonisgainingconsiderableinterestamongmarinescientists.Onetypeofplanktonthatseemstohavegreatharvestpossibilitiesisatinyshrimp-likecreaturecalledkrill.Growingtotwoorthreeincheslong,krillprovidesthemajorfoodforthegreatbluewhale,thelargestanimaltoeverinhabittheEarth.Realizingthatthiswhalemaygrowto100feetandweigh150tonsatmaturity,itisnotsurprisingthateachonedevoursmorethanonetonofkrilldaily.34RaisingOystersIntheoysterswereraisedinmuchthesamewayasdirtfarmersraisedtomatoes-bytransplantingthem.First,farmersselectedtheoysterbed,clearedthebottomofoldshellsandotherdebris,thenscatteredcleanshellsabout.Next,they”planted”fertilizedoystereggs,whichwithintwoorthreeweekshatchedintolarvae.Thelarvaedrifteduntiltheyattachedthemselvestothecleanshellsonthebottom.Theretheyremainedandintimegrewintobabyoysterscalledseedorspat.Thespatgrewlargerbydrawinginseawaterfromwhichtheyderivedmicroscopicparticlesoffood.Beforelong,farmersgatheredthebabyoysters,transplantedthemoncemoreintoanotherbodyofwatertofattenthemup.Untilrecentlythesupplyofwildoystersandthosecrudelyfarmedweremorethanenoughtosatisfypeople’sneeds.Buttodaythedelectableseafoodisnolongeravailableinabundance.Theproblemhasbecomesoseriousthatsomeoysterbedshavevanishedentirely.Fortunately,asfarbackastheearly1900’smarinebiologistsrealizedthatifnewmeasureswerenottaken,oysterswouldbecomeextinctoratbestaluxuryfood.Sotheysetupwell-equippedhatcheriesandwenttowork.Buttheydidnothavetheproperequipmentortheskilltohandletheeggs.Theydidnotknowwhen,what,andhowtofeedthelarvae.Andtheyknewlittleaboutthepredatorsthatattackandeatbabyoystersbythemillions.Theyfailed,buttheydoggedlykeptatit.Finally,inthe1940’sasignificantbreakthroughwasmade.Themarinebiologistsdiscoveredthatbyraisingthetemperatureofthewater,theycouldinduceoysterstospawnnotonlyinthesummerbutalsointhefall,winter,andspring.Latertheydevelopedatechniqueforfeedingthelarvaeandrearingthemtospat.Goingstillfurther,theysucceededinbreedingnewstrainsthatwereresistanttodiseases,grewfasterandlarger,andflourishedinwaterofdifferentsalinitiesandtemperatures.Inaddition,thecultivatedoysterstastedbetter!35.OilRefiningAnimportantnewindustry,oilrefining,grewaftertheCivilwar.Crudeoil,orpetroleum–adark,thickoozefromtheearth–hadbeenknownforhundredsof

108years,butlittleusehadeverbeenmadeofit.Inthe1850’sSamuelM.Kier,amanufacturerinwesternPennsylvania,begancollectingtheoilfromlocalseepagesandrefiningitintokerosene.Refining,likesmelting,isaprocessofremovingimpuritiesfromarawmaterial.http://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第21／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59Kerosenewasusedtolightlamps.Itwasacheapsubstituteforwhaleoil,whichwasbecominghardertoget.Soontherewasalargedemandforkerosene.Peoplebegantosearchfornewsuppliesofpetroleum.ThefirstoilwellwasdrilledbyE.L.Drake,aretiredrailroadconductor.In1859hebegandrillinginTitusville,Pennsylvania.Thewholeventureseemedsoimpracticalandfoolishthatonlookerscalledit“Drake’sFolly”.Butwhenhehaddrilleddownabout70feet(21meters),Drakestruckoil.Hiswellbegantoyield20barrelsofcrudeoiladay.NewsofDrake’ssuccessbroughtoilprospectorstothescene.Bytheearly1860’sthesewildcattersweredrillingfor“blackgold”alloverwesternPennsylvania.TheboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmosphere.Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtotheprospectorsthananygoldrush.Crudeoilcouldberefinedintomanyproducts.Forsomeyearskerosenecontinuedtobetheprincipalone.Itwassoldingrocerystoresanddoor-to-door.Inthe1880’srefinerslearnedhowtomakeotherpetroleumproductssuchaswaxesandlubricatingoils.Petroleumwasnotthenusedtomakegasolineorheatingoil.36.PlateTectonicsandSea-floorSpreadingThetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.Thelithosphere(n.[地]岩石圈)isdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.Astheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundary:asubductionzone.Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesarequitedifferent.Theideaofsea-floorspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.Asmagmarisesunderthemid-oceanridge,ferromagneticmineralsinthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthegeomagneticfield.Whenthemagmacoolsandsolidifies,thedirectionandthepolarityofthefieldarepreservedinthemagnetizedvolcanicrock.Reversalsofthefieldgiverisetoaseriesofmagneticstripesrunningparalleltotheaxisoftherift.Theoceaniccrustthusservesasamagnetictaperecordingofthehistoryofthegeomagneticfieldthatcanbedatedindependently;thewidthofthestripesindicatestheratehttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第22／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:5937IcebergsIcebergsareamongnature’smostspectacularcreations,andyetmostpeoplehaveneverseenone.Avagueairofmysteryenvelopsthem.Theycomeintobeing-----somewhere------infaraway,frigidwaters,amidthunderousnoiseandsplashingturbulence,whichinmostcasesnoonehearsorsees.Theyexistonlyashorttimeandthenslowlywasteawayjustasunnoticed.Objectsofsheerestbeautytheyhavebeencalled.Appearinginanendlessvarietyofshapes,theymaybedazzlinglywhite,ortheymaybeglassyblue,greenorpurple,tintedfaintlyofindarkerhues.Theyaregraceful,stately,inspiring-----incalm,sunlightseas.Buttheyarealsocalledfrighteninganddangerous,andthattheyare----inthenight,inthefog,andinstorms.Eveninclearweatheroneiswisetostayasafedistanceawayfromthem.Mostoftheirbulkishiddenbelowthewater,sotheirunderwaterpartsmayextendoutfarbeyondthevisibletop.Also,theymayrolloverunexpectedly,churningthewatersaroundthem.Icebergsarepartsofglaciersthatbreakoff,driftintothewater,floataboutawhile,andfinallymelt.Icebergsafloattodayaremadeofsnowflakesthathavefallenoverlongagesoftime.Theyembodysnowsthatdrifteddownhundreds,ormanythousands,orinsomecasesmaybeamillionyearsago.Thesnowsfellinpolarregionsandoncoldmountains,wheretheymeltedonlyalittleornotatall,andsocollectedtogreatdepthsovertheyearsandcenturies.Aseachyear’ssnowaccumulationlayonthesurface,evaporationandmeltingcausedthesnowflakesslowlytolosetheirfeatherypointsandbecometinygrainsofice.Whennewsnowfellontopoftheold,ittooturnedtoicygrains.Soblanketsofsnowandicegrainsmountedlayeruponlayerandwereofsuchgreatthicknessthattheweightoftheupperlayerscompressedthelowerones.Withtimeandpressurefromabove,themanysmallicegrainsjoinedandchangedtolargercrystals,andeventuallythedeepercrystalsmergedintoasolidmassofice.38TopazTopazisahard,transparentmineral.Itisacompoundofaluminum,silica,andfluorine.Gemtopazisvaluable.Jewelerscallthisvarietyofthestone“precioustopaz”.Thebest-knownprecioustopazgemsrangeincolorfromrichyellowtolightbrownorpinkishred.Topazisoneofthehardestgemminerals.Inthemineraltableofhardness,ithasaratingof8,whichmeansthataknifecannotcutit,andthattopazwillscratchquartz.

109Thegoldenvarietyofprecioustopazisquiteuncommon.Mostoftheworld’stopaziswhiteorblue.Thewhiteandbluecrystalsoftopazarelarge,oftenweighingthousandsofcarats.Forthisreason,thevalueoftopazdoesnotdependsomuchhttp://www.bfsunt.cn/article/show.asp?id=22（第23／31页）2009-1-21上午03:02:59onitssizeasitdoeswithdiamondsandmanyotherpreciousstones,wherethevalueincreasesaboutfourtimeswitheachdoublingofweight.Thevalueofatopazislargelydeterminedbyitsquality.Butcolorisalsoimportant:bluetopaz,forinstance,isoftenirradiatedtodeepenandimproveitscolor.Bluetopazisoftensoldasaquamarineandavarietyofbrownquartziswidelysoldastopaz.Thequartzismuchlessbrilliantandmoreplentifulthantruetopaz.Mostofitisvarietyofamethyst:thatheathasturnedbrown.NOTE:topaz/'tэupжz;`topжz/n(a)[U]transparentyellowmineral黄玉（矿物）.(b)[C]semi-preciousgemcutfromthis黄玉;黄宝石.39TheSalinityofOceanWatersIfthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation---conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismannerthesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind.Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlymaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.IntheWeddellSeaAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.NOTE：salinity/sэ'linэti;sэ`linэti/n[U]thehighsalinityofseawater海水的高含盐量saline/'seilain;US-li:n;`selin/1.adj[attrib作定语](fml文)containingsalt;salty含盐的;咸的:*asalinelake盐湖*salinesprings盐泉*salinesolution,egasusedforgargling,storingcontactlenses,etc盐溶液（如用于漱喉、存放隐形眼镜等）.2.n[U](medical医)solutionofsaltandwater盐水.40Cohesion-tensionTheoryAtmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher;thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytopmorethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.41.AmericanblackbearsAmericanblackbearsappearinavarietyofcolorsdespitetheirname.Intheeasternpartoftheirrange,mostofthesebrown,red,orevenyellowcoats.Tothenorth,theblackbearisactuallygrayorwhiteincolor.Eveninthesamelitter,bothbrownandblackfurredbearsmaybeborn.BlackbearsarethesmallestofallAmericanbears,ranginginlengthfromfivetosixfeet,weighingfromthreehundredtofivehundredpoundsTheireyesandearsaresmallandtheireyesightandhearingarenotasgoodastheirsenseofsmell.Likeallbears,theblackbearistimid,clumsy,andrarelydangerous,butifattacked,most

110canclimbtreesandcovergroundatgreatspeeds.Whenangryorfrightened,itisaformidableenemy.Blackbearsfeedonleaves,herbs.Fruit,berries,insects,fish,andevenlargeranimals.Oneofthemostinterestingcharacteristicsofbears,includingtheblackbear,istheirwintersleep.Unlikesquirrels,woodchucks,andmanyotherwoodlandanimals,bearsdonotactuallyhibernate.Althoughthebeardoesnotduringthewintermoths,sustainingitselffrombodyfat,itstemperatureremainsalmostnormal,anditbreathesregularlyfourorfivetimesperminute.Mostblackbearslivealone,exceptduringmatingseason.Theyprefertoliveincaves,hollowlogs,ordensethickets.AlittleofonetofourcubsisborninJanuaryorFebruaryafteragestationperiodofsixtoninemonths,andtheyremainwiththeirmotheruntiltheyarefullygrownoraboutoneandahalfyearsold.Blackbearscanliveaslongasthirtyyearsinthewild,andevenlongeringamepreservessetasideforthem.42.Coal-firedpowerplantsTheinventionoftheincandescentlightbulbbyThomasA.Edisonin1879createdademandforacheap,readilyavailablefuelwithwhichtogeneratelargeamountsofelectricpower.Coalseemedtofitthebill,anditfueledtheearliestpowerstations.(whichweresetupattheendofthenineteenthcenturybyEdisonhimself).Asmorepowerplantswereconstructedthroughoutthecountry,therelianceoncoalincreasedthroughoutthecountry,therelianceoncoalincreased.SincetheFirstWorldWar,coal-firedpowerplantshadacombinedintheUnitedStateseachyear.In1986suchplantshadacombinedgeneratingcapacityof289,000megawattsandconsumed83percentofthenearly900milliontonsofcoalminedinthecountrythatyear.Giventheuncertaintyinthefuturegrowthofthenearly900milliontonsofcoalminedinthecountrythatyear.Giventheuncertaintyinthefuturegrowthofnuclearpowerandinthesupplyofoilandnaturalgas,coal-firedpowerplantscouldwellprovideupto70percentoftheelectricpowerintheUnitedStatesbytheendofthecentury.Yet,inspiteofthefactthatcoalhaslongbeenasourceofelectricityandmayremainonformanyyears(coalrepresentsabout80percentofUnitedStatesfossil-fuelreserves),ithasactuallyneverbeenthemostdesirablefossilfuelforpowerplants.Coalcontainslessenergyperunitofweightthanweightthannaturalgasoroil;itisdifficulttotransport,anditisassociatedwithahostofenvironmentalissues,amongthemacidrain.Sincethelate1960’sproblemsofemissioncontrolandwastedisposalhavesharplyreducedtheappealofcoal-firedpowerplants.Thecostofamelioratingtheseenvironmentproblemsalongwiththerisingcostofbuildingafacilityaslargeandcomplexasacoal-firedpowerplant,havealsomadesuchplantslessattractivefromapurelyeconomicperspective.Changesinthetechnologicalbaseofcoal-firedpowerplantscouldrestoretheirattractiveness,however.Whereassomeofthesechangesareintendedmainlytoincreasetheproductivityofexistingplants,completelynewtechnologiesforburningcoalcleanlyarealsobeingdeveloped.43.StatisticsThereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentunits(statesandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinrootstatus)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.Describingcollectionsinvolvestabulating,depictinganddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybequantitativesuchasmeasuresofheight,intelligenceorgradelevel------variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum--orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajororpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild:theproportionforthesampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.44.ObtainingFreshwaterfromicebergsTheconceptofobtainingfreshwaterfromicebergsthataretowedtopopulatedareasandaridregionsoftheworldwasoncetreatedasajokemoreappropriatetocartoonsthanreallife.Butnowitisbeingconsideredquiteseriouslybymanynations,especiallysincescientistshavewarnedthatthehumanracewilloutgrowitsfreshwatersupplyfasterthanitrunsoutoffood.Glaciersareapossiblesourceoffreshwaterthathasbeenoverlookeduntilrecently.Three-quartersoftheEarth’sfreshwatersupplyisstilltiedupinglacialice,areservoirofuntappedfreshwatersoimmensethatitcouldsustainalltheriversoftheworldfor1,000years.Floatingontheoceanseveryyearare7,659trillionmetrictonsoficeencasedin10000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.Hugeglaciersthatstretchovertheshallowcontinentalshelfgivebirthtoicebergsthroughouttheyear.Icebergsarenotlikeseaice,whichisformedwhentheseaitselffreezes,rather,theyareformedentirelyonland,breakingoffwhenglaciersspreadoverthesea.Astheydriftawayfromthepolarregion,icebergssometimesmovemysteriouslyinadirectionoppositetothewind,pulledbysubsurfacecurrents.Becausetheymeltmoreslowlythansmallerpiecesofice,icebergshavebeenknowntodriftasfarnorthas35degreessouthoftheequatorintheAtlanticOcean.Tocorralthemandsteerthemtopartsoftheworldwheretheyareneededwouldnotbetoodifficult.

111Thedifficultyarisesinothertechnicalmatters,suchasthepreventionofrapidmeltinginwarmerclimatesandthefunnelingoffreshwatertoshoreingreatvolume.Buteveniftheicebergslosthalfoftheirvolumeintowing,thewatertheycouldprovidewouldbefarcheaperthanthatproducedbydesalinization,orremovingsaltfromwater.45.ThesourceofEnergyAsummaryofthephysicalandchemicalnatureoflifemustbegin,notontheEarth,butintheSun;infact,attheSun’sverycenter.ItisherethatistobefoundthesourceoftheenergythattheSunconstantlypoursoutintospaceaslightandheat.ThisenergyislibratedatthecenteroftheSunasbillionsuponbillionsofnucleiofhydrogenatomscollidewitheachotherandfusetogethertoformnucleiofhelium,andindoingso,releasesomeoftheenergythatisstoredinthenucleiofatoms.TheoutputoflightandheatoftheSunrequiresthatsome600milliontonsofhydrogenbeconvertedintoheliumintheSuneverysecond.ThistheSunhasbeendoingforseveralthousandsofmillionsofyear.ThenuclearenergyisreleasedattheSun’scenterashigh-energygammaradiation,aformofelectromagneticradiationlikelightandradiowaves,onlyofverymuchshorterwavelength.ThisgammaradiationisabsorbedbyatomsinsidetheSuntobereemittedatslightlylongerwavelengths.Thisradiation,initsturnisabsorbedandreemitted.Astheenergyfiltersthroughthelayersofthesolarinterior,itpassesthroughtheX-raypartofthespectrumeventuallybecominglight.Atthisstage,ithasreachedwhatwecallthesolarsurface,andcanescapeintospacewithoutbeingabsorbedfurtherbysolaratoms.AverysmallfractionoftheSun’slightandheatisemittedinsuchdirectionsthatafterpassingunhinderedthroughinterplanetaryspace,ithitstheEarth.46.VisionHumanvisionlikethatofotherprimateshasevolvedinanarborealenvironment.Inthedensecomplexworldofatropicalforest,itismoreimportanttoseewellthattodevelopanacutesenseofsmell.Inthecourseofevolutionmembersoftheprimatelinehaveacquiredlargeeyeswhilethesnouthasshrunktogivetheeyeanunimpededview.Ofmammalsonlyhumansandsomeprimatesenjoycolorvision.Theredflagisblacktothebull.Horsesliveinamonochromeworld.lightvisibletohumaneyeshoweveroccupiesonlyaverynarrowbandinthewholeelectromagneticspectrum.Ultravioletraysareinvisibletohumansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humanshavenodirectperceptionofinfraredraysunliketherattlesnakewhichhasreceptorstunedintowavelengthslongerthan0.7micron.Theworldwouldlookeerilydifferentifhumaneyesweresensitivetoinfraredradiation.Theninsteadofthedarknessofnight,wewouldbeabletomoveeasilyinastrangeshadowlessworldwhereobjectsglowedwithvaryingdegreesofintensity.Buthumaneyesexcelinotherways.Theyareinfactremarkablydiscerningincolorgradation.Thecolorsensitivityofnormalhumanvisionisrarelysurpassedevenbysophisticatedtechnicaldevices.47FolkCulturesAfolkcultureisasmallisolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandracewithastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamilyandinterpersonal.Relationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperformagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmadeandsubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAngloAmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlaborsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillserveasalocaltransportationdeviceandthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut“humility”,clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasssotypicaloffolkculturesandthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanismformaintainingorder.Bycontrastapopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroupoftenhighlyindividualisticandapronouncedmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandarmytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduced,iseasierortimesavingtouseorleadsmoreprestigetotheowner.48BacteriaBacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thusifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometer)tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking“hairs”calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthebacteriapointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacteriumwaterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaareso

112smallthattheyareinfluencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmoleculesaroundthem.Bacteriaunderthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.Thisisbecausetheycollidewiththewaterymoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriahaveallbeenreplacedbynewones;evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethusconstantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.49SleepSleepispartofaperson’sdailyactivitycycle.Thereareseveraldifferentstagesofsleep,andtheytoooccurincycles.Ifyouareanaveragesleeper,yoursleepcycleisasfollows.Whenyoufistdriftoffintoslumber,youreyeswillrollaboutabit,youtemperaturewilldropslightly,yourmuscleswillrelax,andyourbreathingwellslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowdownabittoo,withthealpharhythmofratherfastwaves1sleep.Forthenexthalfhourorso,asyourelaxmoreandmore,youwilldriftdownthroughstage2andstage3sleep.Theloweryourstageofsleep.sloweryourbrainwaveswillbe.Thenabout40to69minutesafteryouloseconsciousnessyouwillhavereachedthedeepestsleepofall.Yourbrainwillshowthelargeslowwavesthatareknownasthedeltarhythm.Thisisstage4sleep.Youdonotremainatthisdeepfourthstageallnightlong,butinsteadabout80minutesafteryoufallintoslumber,yourbrainactivitylevelwillincreaseagainslightly.Thedeltarhythmwilldisappear,tobereplacedbytheactivitypatternofbrainwaves.Youreyeswillbegintodartaroundunderyourclosedeyelidsasifyouwerelookingatsomethingoccurringinfrontofyou.Thisperiodofrapideyemovementlastsforsome8to15minutesandiscalledREMsleep.ItisduringREMsleepperiod,yourbodywillsoonrelaxagain,yourbreathingwillslipgentlybackfromstage1tostage4sleep----onlytoriseonceagaintothesurfaceofnearconsciousnesssome80minuteslater.50.CellsandTemperature　Cellscannotremainaliveoutsidecertainlimitsoftemperatureandmuchnarrowerlimitsmarktheboundariesofeffectivefunctioning.Enzymesystemsofmammalsandbirdsaremostefficientonlywithinanarrowrangearound37C;adepartureofafewdegreesfromthisvalueseriouslyimpairstheirfunctioning.Eventhoughcellscansurvivewiderfluctuationstheintegratedactionsofbodilysystemsareimpaired.Otheranimalshaveawidertoleranceforchangesofbodilytemperature.Forcenturiesithasbeenrecognizedthatmammalsandbirdsdifferfromotheranimalsinthewaytheyregulatebodytemperature.Waysofcharacterizingthedifferencehavebecomemoreaccurateandmeaningfulovertime,butpopularterminologystillreflectstheolddivisioninto“warm-blooded”and“cold-blooded”species;warm-bloodedincludedmammalsandbirdswhereasallothercreatureswereconsideredcold-blooded.Asmorespecieswerestudied,itbecameevidentthatthisclassificationwasinadequate.Afencelizardoradesertiguana—eachcold-blooded----usuallyhasabodytemperatureonlyadegreeortwobelowthatofhumansandsoisnotcold.Thereforethenextdistinctionwasmadebetweenanimalsthatmaintainaconstantbodytemperature,calledhome0therms,andthosewhosebodytemperaturevarieswiththeirenvironments,calledpoikilotherms.Butthisclassificationalsoprovedinadequate,becauseamong