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1、2010年教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题----翻译部分汇编PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)一、经济学史Economics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,ex
2、change,andconsumptionofgoodsandservices.Economistsfocusonthewayinwhichindividuals,groups,businessenterprises,andgovernmentsseektoachieveefficientlyanyeconomicobjectivetheyselect.(46)Otherfieldsofstudyalsocontributetothisknowledge:Psychologyandethicstrytoexplainhowobjectives
3、areformed,historyrecordschangesinhumanobjectives,andsociologyinterpretshumanbehaviorinsocialcontexts.Standardeconomicscanbedividedintotwomajorfields.(47)Thefirst,pricetheoryormicroeconomics,explainshowtheinterplayofsupplyanddemandincompetitivemarketscreatesamultitudeofindiv
4、idualprices,wagerates,profitmargins,andrentalchanges.Microeconomicsassumesthatpeoplebehaverationally.Consumerstrytospendtheirincomeinwaysthatgivethemasmuchpleasureaspossible.Aseconomistssay,theymaximizeutility.Fortheirpart,entrepreneursseekasmuchprofitastheycanextractfromth
5、eiroperations.Thesecondfield,macroeconomics,dealswithmodernexplanationsofnationalincomeandemployment.Macroeconomicsdatesfromthebook,TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,Interest,andMoney(1935),bytheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynes.Hisexplanationofprosperityanddepressioncentersonth
6、etotaloraggregatedemandforgoodsandservicesbyconsumers,businessinvestors,andgovernments,(48)Because,accordingtoKeynes,inadequatetotaldemandincreasesunemployment,theindicatedcureiseithermoreinvestmentbybusinessesormorespendingandconsequentlylargerbudgetdeficitsbygovernment.Ec
7、onomicissueshaveoccupiedpeople’smindsthroughouttheages.(49)AristotleandPlatoinancientGreecewroteaboutproblemsofwealth,property,andtrade,bothofwhomwereprejudicedagainstcommerce,feelingthattolivebytradewasundesirable.TheRomansborrowedtheireconomicideasfromtheGreeksandshowedth
8、esamecontemptfortrade.(50)DuringtheMiddleAgestheeconomicideasoftheRomanCatholicchu