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1、2010年教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题----翻译部分汇编PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)一、经济学史Economics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,exchange,andconsu
2、mptionofgoodsandservices.Economistsfocusonthewayinwhichindividuals,groups,businessenterprises,andgovernmentsseektoachieveefficientlyanyeconomicobjectivetheyselect.(46)Otherfieldsofstudyalsocontributetothisknowledge:Psychologyandethicstrytoexplainhowobjectivesareformed,historyrecordschange
3、sinhumanobjectives,andsociologyinterpretshumanbehaviorinsocialcontexts.Standardeconomicscanbedividedintotwomajorfields.(47)Thefirst,pricetheoryormicroeconomics,explainshowtheinterplayofsupplyanddemandincompetitivemarketscreatesamultitudeofindividualprices,wagerates,profitmargins,andrental
4、changes.Microeconomicsassumesthatpeoplebehaverationally.Consumerstrytospendtheirincomeinwaysthatgivethemasmuchpleasureaspossible.Aseconomistssay,theymaximizeutility.Fortheirpart,entrepreneursseekasmuchprofitastheycanextractfromtheiroperations.Thesecondfield,macroeconomics,dealswithmoderne
5、xplanationsofnationalincomeandemployment.Macroeconomicsdatesfromthebook,TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,Interest,andMoney(1935),bytheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynes.Hisexplanationofprosperityanddepressioncentersonthetotaloraggregatedemandforgoodsandservicesbyconsumers,businessinvestors,and
6、governments,(48)Because,accordingtoKeynes,inadequatetotaldemandincreasesunemployment,theindicatedcureiseithermoreinvestmentbybusinessesormorespendingandconsequentlylargerbudgetdeficitsbygovernment.Economicissueshaveoccupiedpeople’smindsthroughouttheages.(49)AristotleandPlatoinancientGreec
7、ewroteaboutproblemsofwealth,property,andtrade,bothofwhomwereprejudicedagainstcommerce,feelingthattolivebytradewasundesirable.TheRomansborrowedtheireconomicideasfromtheGreeksandshowedthesamecontemptfortrade.(50)DuringtheMiddleAgestheeconomicideasoftheRomanCatholicchu
