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1、........考研英语二翻译模拟1WhatIsaDecision?Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoestablishandachieveorganizationalgoalsandobjectives.Thereasonformakingadecisionisthataproblemexists,goalsorobjectivesarewrong,ors
2、omethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem. 决策是一种选择,来自可以获得的、任择其一的行动步骤。作决策的意图是要确立和实现机构的目标和目的。作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西妨碍目标或目的的实现。 Thusthedecision-makingprocessisfundamentaltomanagement.Almosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecisions,andindeed,somesuggestthatthema
3、nagementprocessisdecisionmaking.Althoughmanagerscannotpredictthefuture,manyoftheirdecisionsrequirethattheyconsiderpossiblefutureevents.Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance,butsinceuncertaintyisalwaysthere,riskacco
4、mpaniesdecisions.Sometimestheconsequencesofapoordecisionareslight;atothertimestheyareserious. 因此,作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。管理者所做的每件事几乎都与决策有关,事实上,有些人认为管理过程就是作决策。尽管管理者不能预测未来,但他们所作的许多决策都要求他们考虑将来可能发生的事情。通常情况下,管理者必须对未来情况作出最佳估测,并且努力要使偶然事件尽可能少地发生,但是,由于不确定的因素一直存在,所以,决策总是与风险为伴。有时候,拙劣
5、决策的后果并不严重,但在另外一些时候则是非常严重了。.专业学习资料.........Choiceistheopportunitytoselectamongalternatives.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.Decisionmakingistheprocessofchoosing,andmanydecisionshaveabroadrangeofchoice.Forexample,astudentmaybeabletochooseamonganumberofdiffere
6、ntcoursesinordertoimplementthedecisiontoobtainacollegedegree.Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.Theseconstraintsexistatalllevelsoftheorganization. 选择是指从多个可能性中挑选的机会。如果没有选择,就毋须作决策。作决策就是挑选的过程,许多决策的选择范围很广。例如,一个学生为
7、了获得学位,他可能会从许多不同的课程中选择从而作出决策。对管理者来说,每项决策都受到基于政策、程序、法律、惯例等等因素的制约,这些制约存在于各个层次的机构中。 2BlackHolesWhatisablackhole?Well,it'sdifficulttoanswerthisquestion,sincethetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackh
8、oleisaregionofspace(notathing)intowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape–notevenlight.Sowecan'tseeablackhole.Ablac