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1、在这里，没有考不上的研究生。2014考研英语之翻译模拟题（一）一、经济学史 Economics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,exchange,andconsumptionofgoodsandservices.Economistsfocusonthewayinwhichindividuals,groups,businessenterprises,andgovernmentsseektoachieveefficie
2、ntlyanyeconomicobjectivetheyselect.(46)Otherfieldsofstudyalsocontributetothisknowledge:Psychologyandethicstrytoexplainhowobjectivesareformed,historyrecordschangesinhumanobjectives,andsociologyinterpretshumanbehaviorinsocialcontexts. Standardeconomicscanbedivided
3、intotwomajorfields.(47)Thefirst,pricetheoryormicroeconomics,explainshowtheinterplayofsupplyanddemandincompetitivemarketscreatesamultitudeofindividualprices,wagerates,profitmargins,andrentalchanges.Microeconomicsassumesthatpeoplebehaverationally.Consumerstrytospen
4、dtheirincomeinwaysthatgivethemasmuchpleasureaspossible.Aseconomistssay,theymaximizeutility.Fortheirpart,entrepreneursseekasmuchprofitastheycanextractfromtheiroperations. Thesecondfield,macroeconomics,dealswithmodernexplanationsofnationalincomeandemployment.Macro
5、economicsdatesfromthebook,TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,Interest,andMoney(1935),bytheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynes.Hisexplanationofprosperityanddepressioncentersonthetotaloraggregatedemandforgoodsandservicesbyconsumers,businessinvestors,andgovernments,(48)Beca
6、use,accordingtoKeynes,inadequatetotaldemandincreasesunemployment,theindicatedcureiseithermoreinvestmentbybusinessesormorespendingandconsequentlylargerbudgetdeficitsbygovernment. Economicissueshaveoccupiedpeople’smindsthroughouttheages.(49)AristotleandPlatoinanci
7、entGreecewroteaboutproblemsofwealth,property,andtrade,bothofwhomwereprejudicedagainstcommerce,feelingthattolivebytradewasundesirable.TheRomansborrowedtheireconomicideasfromtheGreeksandshowedthesamecontemptfortrade.(50)DuringtheMiddleAgestheeconomicideasoftheRoman
8、Catholicchurchwereexpressedinthelawofthechurch,whichcondemnedthetakingofinterestformoneyloanedandregardedcommerceasinferiortoagriculture. Economicsasasubjecto
