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1、2010年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题（一）GreeceDirections:GreeceReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Greece—经济学史GreeceEconomics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,excha
2、nge,andconsumptionofgoodsandservices.Economistsfocusonthewayinwhichindividuals,groups,businessenterprises,andgovernmentsseektoachieveefficientlyanyeconomicobjectivetheyselect.(46)Otherfieldsofstudvalsocontributetothisknowledge:Psychologvandethicstrytoexplainhowobjectivesareformed,historyre
3、cordschangesinhumanobjectives,andsociologyinterpretshumanbehaviorinsocialcontexts.GreeceStandardeconomicscanbedividedintotwomajorfields.(47}Thefirst,pricetheoryormicroeconomics,explainshowtheinterplayofsupplyanddemandincompetitivemarketscreatesamultitudeofindividualprices,wagerates,profitm
4、argins,andrentalchanges.Microeconomicsassumesthatpeopiebehaverationally.Consumerstrytospendtheirincomeinwaysthatgivethemasmuchpleasureaspossible.Aseconomistssay,theymaximizeutility.Fortheirpart,entrepreneursseekasmuchprofitastheycanextractfromtheiroperations.GreeceThesecondfield,macroecono
5、mics,dealswithmodernexplanationsofnationalincomeandemployment.Macroeconomicsdatesfromthebook,TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,Interest,andMoney(1935),bytheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynes.Hisexplanationofprosperityanddepressioncentersonthetotaioraggregatedemandforgoodsandservicesbyconsumers,b
6、usinessinvestors,andgovernments，(48)Because,accordingtoKeynes,inadequatetotaldemandincreasesunemployment,theindicatedcureiseithermoreinvestmentbybusinessesormorespendingandconsequentlylargerbudgetdeficitsbygovernment.GreeceEconomicissueshaveoccupiedpeople’smindsthroughouttheages.(49)Aristo
7、tleandPlatoinancientwroteaboutproblemsofwealth,property,andtrade,bothofwhomwereprejudicedagainstcommercejeelingthattolivebytradewasundesirable.TheRomansborrowedtheireconomicideasfromtheGreeksandshowedthesamecontemptfortrade•(50)DuringtheMiddleAgestheeconomicid
