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2、outpreparingintheacademiccommunity.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points) Rainforeststructureisdistinctfrommostotherforest
3、typesbecauseofitsmanylayersofvegetation,referredtoasstrata.Theloweststratumistheunderstory,composedofpalms,herbaceousplants(suchaswildginger),andtreeseedlingsandsaplings.(41).Manyhavedeepredcoloringontheundersideoftheirleavestocapturesomeofthescarcelightthatdoesmanagetoreachtheforestunderstor
4、y.Thisredcoloringenablesunderstoryplantstoabsorblightofdifferentwavelengthsthandotheplantswithrich,green-foliagedcanopy,theumbrella-shapedupperstructureoftrees.Abovetheforestfloorbutbelowthecanopyareoneormoremidstorystrata,madeupofwoodyplants,suchaslargeshrubsandmidsizedtrees. Theoverstoryis
5、thecanopy,inwhichthetreecrownsformacontinuouslayerthatcapturesthemajorpartoftherainwaterandsunlighthittingtheforest.Theheightofthecanopyvariesfromregiontoregionandforesttoforest,rangingfrom20to50m(65to165ft).(42).Researchersusehotairballoons,cables,catwalks,towers,sophisticatedtree-climbingge
6、ar,andevenrobotstostudythemillionsofplantsandanimalsthatmaketheirhomehighupintheforestcanopy.Canopyresearchersalsousehugecranesthataredroppedintotheheartoftheforestbyhelicopters.Suspendedfromthecrane’slong,movablearmisalargecabinthatfunctionsasamobiletreetoplaboratory.Movingfromtreetotree,for
7、estresearcherscollectspecimens,conductexperiments,andobservelifeinthecanopyfrontier. Thehigheststratumoftherainforestismadeupoftheemergenttrees,thoseindividualsthatstickupabovetheforestcanopy.Emergents,whichdonotformacontinuouslayer,areusual
