2023年高考英语复习讲练测第13讲 阅读理解主旨大意题（测）（全国通用解析版）

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2023年高考英语复习讲练测第13讲阅读理解主旨大意题（测）时间：45分钟满分：50分阅读理解(每题2分，共50分)A（2018·上海·高考真题）Bitcoinandotherso-calledcryptocurrencies（加密货币）havebeenalloverthenewslately.Apparently,theideaofmoneythat'snottiedtoaspecificbank—oraspecificcountry—isappealingtomany.Butit'sworthrememberingthatthebankingsystemthatwenowalllivewithisjustthat：Amoderninvention.Notsolongago,moneywasalmostalwayscreatedandusedlocally,andbarteringwascommon.（Infact,itstilliscommonamongmanyonlinelocalnetworks,liketheBuyNothingProject.）.Inthepast,money'smakeupvariedfromplacetoplace,dependingonwhatwasconsideredvaluablethere.Sowhilesomeoftheworld'sfirstcoinsweremadefromanaturallyoccurringhybridofgoldandsilvercalledelectrum（银金矿），objectsotherthancoinshaveservedascurrency,includingbeads,ivory,livestock,andcowrieshells.InWestAfrica,braceletsofbronzeorcopperwereusedascash,especiallyifthetransactionwasassociatedwiththeslavetradethere.Throughoutthecolonialperiod,tobaccowasusedtoreplacecoinsorpaperbillsinVirginia,MarylandandNorthCarolina,eventhoughitwasusedelsewhereinthecoloniesandextensivelythroughoutEuropeandtheU.K.Today,onanislandinthePacific,aspecifictypeofshellstillservesascurrency—andsomepeoplethereareevenhoarding（贮存）it,justlikeBitcoinmoguls,convincedthatoneday,itwillmakethemwealthybeyondimagination.OnMalaita,themost-populatedislandthat'spartoftheSolomonIslands,shellsareacceptedatmostplacesinexchangeforgoods."Howmuchtuna（金枪鱼）youcangetforyourshellsdependsontheircolorandshape,"MaryBruno,ashopownerfromthesmalltownofAuki,onMalaita,toldVice."Onestripofdarkershellsmightgetyouabouttwocansofsmallertuna,buttheredonesareworthmore.Fortheredones,onestripmightgetenoughtunatofeedabigfamilyforalongtime."Justlikeamintthatcreatescoins,there'sonlyoneplaceontheislandwheretheshells,whicharepolishedandstrungtogethertoform3-foot-longropes,aremade.Thestripsofred,white,andblackshellsallcomefromLangaLangaLagoon,whereartificialislandswerelong-agobuiltbylocalstoescapefromtheisland-dwellingcannibals.Oncemarooned（困住）outontheirislands,localsneededacurrencytouseamongthemselves,andsotheshellcurrencywasborn.UsingshellsformoneywascommonthroughoutthePacificislandsaslateastheearly1900s,butMalaitaisuniqueinthattheyarestillusedtoday.Andjustlikecryptocurrencies,therearethosewhothinktheislandersaresmarttoinvestinthistypeofmoney,whichisreportedtohaveriseninvalueoverthelastthreedecades.Itmightseemstrangetohoardabunchofprocessed,strung-togethershells,butwhatisapileofdollars?Justaspeciallyprintedpieceofpaperandhempthatwe'veassignedvalueto—andprobablylessdurableovertimethanthoseshells.1．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1A．Moneywascreatedandwaswidelyusedintheworld.B．TobaccowasusedascoinsorpaperbillsinAmericaninthepast.C．Theingredientsofworld’sfirstcoinsmaybethecombinationofgoldandsilver.D．Usingshellsformoneyhasbeenoutofdateintheworld.2．Theword"mint"inparagraph5isclosestinthemeaningto.A．akindofmoneythatcanexchangeB．theleavesofamintplantusedfreshorcandiedC．aplacetoproduceandpolishshellsD．afactorythatproducescurrency3．What'sopinionoftheauthortowardsshellsformoney?A．Reasonable.B．Imaginary.C．Convenient.D．Inventive.4．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheHistoryofBitcoinB．ShellsStillMoneyC．TheCurrencyIsofGreatUseD．SomeShells【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在太平洋的一些小岛上，贝壳至今被当作货币使用的情况。1．C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“someoftheworld'sfirstcoinsweremadefromanaturallyoccurringhybridofgoldandsilvercalledelectrum”可知，世界上最早的一些硬币成分是一种天然的金银混合物。故选C。2．D【解析】词句猜测题。第五段中mint所在句的下一句提到“there'sonlyoneplacewheretheshells…aremade.”岛上只有一个制作贝壳的地方；根据“justlike（就像）”可知，“amint”应该是指一个地方；定语从句“thatcreatescoins”修饰amint，由此可以猜测，amint是制造货币的地方。故选D。3．A【解析】推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“butwhatisapileofdollars?Justaspeciallyprintedpieceofpaperandhempthatwe'veassignedvalueto—andprobablylessdurableovertimethanthoseshells.（但一堆美元又是什么呢?只是一张特殊印制的纸和麻，我们赋予其价值——但随着时间的推移，可能比这些贝壳更不耐用）”。由此可以推断，作者认为将贝壳当作货币是合理的。故选A。4．B【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段提到“moneywasalmostalwayscreatedandusedlocally,andbarteringwascommon.”，说明不久以前，货币几乎都是在当地创造和使用的，物物交换很普遍；第三段提到“aspecifictypeofshellstillservesascurrency”，在太平洋的小岛上，人们仍然在用特定类型的贝壳当作货币；第四、五段说明这些贝壳货币如何使用和制作的。由此可知，文章是介绍在太平洋的一些小岛上，至今仍然使用贝壳货币。因此文章标题应该为“ShellsStillMoney”。故选B。B（2021·浙江·高考真题）Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestoone学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2anotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember."That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmothersbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outthere.thatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains."5．WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?A．Memorizingspecificwords.B．Understandingcomplexinformation.C．Usingvoicestocommunicate.D．Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.6．WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?A．Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B．Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.C．Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.D．Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Difference.B．Conflict.C．Balance.D．Connection.8．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ChimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthroughB．ChimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskillsC．Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdomD．Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。学科网（北京）股份有限公司

35．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据DrHobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选D。6．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段中的“DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittledisappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。7．A【解析】词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So,itseemsthegulfremains.（所以，看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。8．D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzeesusetocommunicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。C（2017·全国·高考真题）Cloudcomputingwillbeinusebyabout80percentofabout600companies.Thetrendsuggeststhatdatamanagementandstoragearemovingtocloudcomputingsellersonalargescale.Touting(兜售)cloudcomputingasawaytogetridofthecostsofbuyingandmaintaininon-siteinformation-technologyequipment,sellersofferitintheformofSoftwareAsA．Service(SAAS),adeliverymodelinwhichsoftwareapplicationsaredeliveredtocustomersoveraweb-basednetwork.SAAScanservetheneedsofentirecompaniesthroughhuge,web-basedplatforms.Ascloudcomputingrapidlybccomesthedeliverychannelforsoftwaredevelopersofallshapesandsizestogettheirproductstomarket,offeringapplicationsinacloudisnowtherulenottheexception.A．relativelysmallnumberofsellersareabletoofferSAAStobigcompaniesthatwantcompany-widecloudcomputing,andonlythesellersneedapply.Althoughmarket-sharedataarehardtocomeby,thelistofcompany’slargeenoughtooffercloud-computingonthisscaleisshort:Microsoft,Amazon,Google,Salesforce,Rackspaceandnotmanyothers.Theconcentrationofdataandvirtual(虚拟)computinginthehandsofrelativelyfewsellersraisesanimportantriskfortheircustomersiftheInternet-basedsystemsofanyonesellerarehacked,theresultcouldbesecurityproblemsacrossentireindustriesinwhichtheircustomersdoCanthissmallgroupofcloud-computingsellerseffectivelyrespondtotheneedsoftheircustomerstoquicklyfixsuchaproblemand,mostimportantly,cutoffthedamagetothesecompanies'owncustomers?Don'tthinksuchthingscan'thappen.IfhackerscanpenetratetheDepartmentofDefense,theriskthattheywill学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4penetrateMicrosoftorgooglecannotberuledoutCompromiseofjustoneofthesesellers---evenonewithamodestmarketshare---possiblycouldshutdown,atleasttemporarily,asizablepartoftheU.S.economy.9．Whatcancloudcomputingdo？A．Reducethecostofcomputers.B．Providesoftwareservice.C．Marketvariousproducts.D．Helpcompaniesdesignwebsites.10．Whatdoweknowaboutcloudcomputing？A．ItworksunderSAAS.B．Itcoversalargepartofmarket-share.C．Mostcompaniescanprovideit.D．Mostsellersapplyforit.11．WhyistheDepartmentofDefensementionedinthelastparagraph？A．Towarnpeopleofthehackers'power.B．Toshowrelationshipbetweenitandmicrosoft.C．Togiveanexampleofthecountry'sloss.D．TopresenttherealpictureoftheU.S.economy.12．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext？A．TheUnthinkablerisksofthecloud.B．CloudComputingandSmartSellers.C．SAASandchangingCompanies.D．TheCloudComputingAge.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了云计算时代的到来，云计算将占据很大的市场份额，给人们提供网络服务，但是也会带来一系列的问题。9．B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子“Touting(兜售)cloudcomputingasawaytogetridofthecostsofbuyingandmaintaininon-siteinformation-technologyequipment,sellersofferitintheformofSoftwareAsAService(SAAS).”可知，云计算可以提供网络服务.省去了购买相关设备的成本，以软件（SoftwareAsAService）的形式提供，故选B。10．B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子“Cloudcomputingwillbeinusebyabout80percentofabout600companies.Thetrendsuggeststhatdatamanagementandstoragearemovingtocloudcomputingsellersonalargescale.”可知，云计算覆盖很大的市场份额（大约600家公司中约80%的公司将使用云计算），在很大范围内数据处理与储存将交给云计算销售商去完成，这是一个目前的趋势，故选B。11．A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“IfhackerscanpenetratetheDepartmentofDefense,theriskthattheywillpenetrateMicrosoftorgooglecannotberuledoutCompromiseofjustoneofthesesellers---evenonewithamodestmarketshare---possiblycouldshutdown,atleasttemporarily,asizablepartoftheUS学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5economy.”可知，如果黑客能够入侵美国国防部，那么不能排除黑客入侵微软或谷歌的风险，即使是市场份额不大的其中一家销售商（遭到入侵），也有可能导致美国经济的相当大一部分遭遇暂时瘫痪。分析语境，最后一段提到国防部是为了借此警告人们黑客的力量（巨大破坏力），故选A。12．D【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文和第一段的句子"Cloudcomputingwillbeinusebyabout80percentofabout600companies.Thetrendsuggeststhatdatamanagementandstoragearemovingtocloudcomputingsellersonalargescale.”（大约600家公司中约80%的公司将使用云计算。这一趋势表明，数据管理和存储正在大规模地转向云计算销售商）可知，文章开头提出云计算时代的美好未来，全文主要介绍云计算时代的方方面面。TheCloudComputingAge是最恰当的标题，故选D。D（2012·辽宁·高考真题）IfConfucius(孔子)werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He'dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It'snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon'tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatAmericansdon'tcareaboutConfucius.InmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludeChineseart,historyandphilosophy(哲学).SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantageoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacks(缺陷)ofWesternphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker'sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.13．Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto______________.A．providesomekeyfactsaboutConfuciusB．attractthereaders'interestinthesubjectC．showgreatrespectfortheancientthinkerD．provethepopularityofmodembirthdaycelebrations14．WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents___________.A．haveagreatinterestinstudyingChineseB．takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC．trytogethighscoresinChineseexams学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6D．fightforachancetolearnChinese15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ForgottenWisdominAmericaB．HugeFansoftheChineseLanguageC．ChineseCultureforWesternersD．OldThinkerwithaBigFuture16．Thepassageislikelytoappearin__________.A．apersonalbiographyB．ahistorypaperC．aculturalnewspaperD．aphilosophytextbook【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了西方学生热烈学习中国文化的现象，并告诉我们中国古代伟大的思想家——孔子的思想仍然受到人们的追捧。13．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“IfConfucius(孔子)werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He’dneedastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.(如果孔子仍然活着并能用一个很大的蛋糕庆祝他9月28日的生日的话，将会有很多的蜡烛。他需要很大的风才能吹灭)”可知，作者是以孔子生日这个话题，吸引读者的兴趣，引出本文要讨论的真正话题。故选B。14．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.(在过去的20年里，中国的研究项目在西方大学里非常受欢迎)和StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.(与此同时，美国的学生也在竞相学习中文)可知，美国学生对中国文化很感兴趣。故选A。15．D【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了孔子思想对西方的影响，以及将来可能产生的影响。由此可知，D项OldThinkerwithaBigFuture(前程远大的老思想家)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。16．C【解析】推理判断题。文章主要讲的是中国的思想家孔子及其所代表的东方文化仍然被西方所推崇，而并没有讲孔子这个人具体如何，也没有谈及历史或者哲学内容，由此可推断这篇文章更可能出现在报纸上，故正确答案为C。E（2020·全国·高考真题）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangover学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7PartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.17．WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A．Toseefamousfilmstars.B．Toopposewearingfurcoats.C．Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D．Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.18．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B．Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C．Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D．Theperformanceofrealapes.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Listingcompletely.B．Directingprofessionally.C．Promotingsuccessfully.D．Watchingcarefully.【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。17．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。18．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。19．D【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawnthe学科网（北京）股份有限公司

8angerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。F（2020·全国·高考真题）Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC．Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.20．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A．Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B．Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C．Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D．Significanceoffoodselection.21．WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A．Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B．Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C．Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D．Theylivedonbothlandandwater.22．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB．Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC．BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD．TheWorld’sBestDivers【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。20．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousand学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。21．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.(他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。22．A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。G（2020·北京·高考真题）Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftore-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplayingaroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.Itcanevenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicineforeveproblemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandsciencebacktogether:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlightsexperimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphilosophy”—tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelpinunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修补）,ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestof学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10ourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.23．HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?A．Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.B．Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.C．Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.D．Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.24．AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto_____________.A．restoreoldworkshopsB．understandthecraftsmenC．improvevisualeffectsD．inspirethephilosophers25．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtistsB．CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheoriesC．CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientistsD．CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家PaulaSmith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。23．D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.”让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。”由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。24．B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,”重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。25．C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。学科网（北京）股份有限公司