2023年高考英语复习讲练测第12讲 阅读理解推理判断题（测）（全国通用解析版）

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2023年高考英语复习讲练测第12讲阅读理解推理判断题（测）时间：45分钟满分：60分阅读理解(每题2分，共60分)A（2017·全国·高考真题）Ineverknewmuchaboutmymother'sfather,JohnleonLaWalla.HemovedtothecityofMelbourne,Australia,inthe1920s,married,andstartedtoraiseafamily,butdiedinWorldWarTwo.Allwehadwasoneframedphotoofhimdressedinhisarmyuniform.Forsomereason,mygrandfatherhadnotkeptintouchwithanyofhisrelatives,althoughmymotherdidrecallsomefamilynames.Itwasn'ttill1963thatshefinallysawherfather'sgrave,intheAlburyWarCemeteryinNewSouthWales.Ifiercelywantedtoknowmoreaboutthisman.Whowerehisparents？Whowerehisbrothersandsisters？Wereanyofthemstillaliveand,ifso,whereweretheynow？DidtheyeverwonderwhatbecomeofourJohnLeon？Withtheadvent（到来）oftheInternet,Istartedsearchinginearnestinthelate1990s.Frommygrandfather'srecordsinthearmy,Ilearnedhe'dlistedhisbirthplaceasHertfordshireEngland."Ithinkhissurnamemusthavebeenafalsename,"myfathersaid.ThismademeupsetbutIputitaside,concentratinginsteadonmyfather'sline.Ijoinedagenealogy（系谱学）websiteandwassoondiscoveringsomeofmyancestorsfromdistantrelatives.Iwrote,“IjustwishIcouldfindoutaboutmymother'sfathernow,"andtoldthemofmysearch.Inlate2012,Iheardfromaverydistantrelationonmyfather'ssidecalledJulie,fromNewZealand.Asagenealogistherself,she'dtakenpityonmeandspentseveralweeksonresearch.Itwasabombshellwhenshesaidshemayhavefoundmygrandfather'sfamily.She'dsearchedEnglishcensus（人口普查）recordsandfoundthesurnameWaller.Thedatesandfirstnamesmatchedrightdowntoabrotherwho'ddiedontheWesternFront.Juliehadovercomethefalsename,tracedawholetreeandputmeintouchwithcurrent﹣dayrelatives."ConsideritanearlyChristmaspresent,"shesaid."Juliehaddoneallthisverycarefulresearchforastranger.Iwillbeevergrateful."1．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'sgrandfather？A．HewasborninAustralia.B．Hewasasoldier.C．Hediedin1963.D．Hehadnorelatives.2．Whydidtheauthorfeelupsetwhenknowinghisgrandfather'ssurnamemaynotbereal？A．TheInternetwasnothelpful.B．Hisfathergaveupsearching.C．Thegenealogywebsiteworkedwell.

1D．Hissearchcouldnotcontinue.3．Whofinallysucceededinthesearch？A．Theauthor'sfather.B．SomeonenamedWaller.C．Theauthor'sbrother.D．Julie,apracticalstranger.4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext？A．Thesearchofthefamilyroot.B．ThepowerfulInternet.C．Thestoryofagenealogist.D．Thegratitudeofayoungman.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者通过一步步的努力，找到了外祖父的真实姓名和亲戚的故事。1．B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Allwehadwasoneframedphotoofhimdressedinhisarmyuniform.（我们有的只是一张他穿军装的相框里的照片）”以及第三段“Frommygrandfather'srecordsinthearmy,Ilearnedhe'dlistedhisbirthplaceasHertfordshireEngland.（根据祖父在军队中的记录，我了解到他将自己的出生地列为赫特福德郡的英格兰）”可知，从hisarmyuniform到inthearmy，可推断他是个军人，故选B。2．A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容，“Ithinkhissurnamemusthavebeenafalsename.Myfathersaid.ThismademeupsetbutIputitaside”可知，父亲说这个名字一定是个假名，这让作者心烦意乱，但作者把这个烦恼放在一边，另辟蹊径。并结合全段内容，可推断作者由于假名等原因的干扰，当时并没有从网上获得进展，故选A。3．D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Juliehaddoneallthisverycarefulresearchforastranger.Iwillbeevergrateful.(朱莉为一个陌生人做了所有这些非常仔细的研究。我会永远感激)”并结合该段内容可知，最终是朱莉这位陌生人帮我们取得进展，找到外祖父的信息，故选D。4．A【解析】主旨大意题。全文以“Ineverknewmuchaboutmymother'sfather,JohnleonLaWalla…Allwehadwasoneframedphotoofhimdressedinhisarmyuniform.(我从来不太了解我母亲的父亲，约翰·莱昂·拉·沃拉...我们只有一张他穿着军装的相框照片)”开端，讲述我们对外祖父知之甚少，接着“我”通过包括网络在内的各种途径去寻找他的信息，最终是一位陌生人帮我们取得了突破性进展，通读全文可知本文主要讲述的是一个家庭寻根的故事，故选A。B（2017·全国·高考真题）Colorisadailymystery．ROYGB．IVdealswithlotsofbig﹣picturecolorquestionsexplainingwhyhamsareoftenredandwhyNYCtaxisareyellow．Today'squestion：whyareJeansblue？First，why"jeans"？Jeanstwinnames﹣denimandjeans﹣comefromthetwoEuropeanportsthatsuppliedtwosimilarfabrics（织物）duringtheMiddleA．ges．Genefustianwasacotton﹣linen﹣woolblendshippedfromgenoa．asilk﹣woolblendcalledsergedenimesshortenedtodenimesordenim，wasshippedoutof

2France．B．othfabricsgraduallychangedintosimilarcottononlyblendsbythe19thcentury．accordingtoanarticletitledashorthistoryofdenimyhistorianLynnDowney．B．othwereusedtomakemen'sclothing，valuedespeciallyfor[their]properlyofdurability（耐久性）evenaftermanywashings"．In1873LeviStraussteamedupwithJacobDavistoproducejeans，theysoldlikehotcakestoGoldRushminersseckingadurableuniformforfortune﹣seekingJeansrapidlycametostandforthecharacteroftheA．mericanWest﹣﹣rank，energetic，rebellions，andcapitalistic．Whilegoldrushminersprobablydidntcareabouthowdenimlooked，theycaredalotaboutdurability，comfortandfit，atthebeginning，Strausofferedhiswaistoveralls"intwovarietiesbrowncotton"duck"orcanvas，andbluedenim﹣﹣butby1911they'dstoppedusingcottonduckentirely．AshistorianDowneyexplains"oncesomeonehadwornapairofdenimpantsexperiencingitsstrength．andhowthedenimbecamemorecomfortablewitheverywashingheneverwantedtowearduckagain；becausewithcottonduck，youalwaysfeellikeyourewearingatent．"Sowhyarejeansblue？Theanswerhastodowithdye．Unlikemostnaturaldyesthat，whenheated，penetrateclothfibersdirectlyindigo（靛蓝）stickstothecloth'sthreads．Witheachwashingsomeofthesedyemoleculesarestrippedaway，takingbitsofthethreadswiththem．Theprocesssoftensroughfabricsandindividualizesthecolor．Thisextremecustomizationmadeeverypairasecondskin．5．Howdoestheauthorstarttalkingaboutjeans？A．Fromthequalityofthefabrics．B．Fromafamoushistorian．C．Fromtheirhometowns．D．Fromtheirnames．6．Whichofthefollowinghelpedestablishthepopularityofjeansin1873？A．Hotcakes．B．A．durableuniform．C．A．mericancharacter．D．Goldrush．7．Whatcanweinferaboutindigo？A．Itcannotbeheated．B．Itcanbemachinewashed．C．Itdoesn'tstayforalongtime．D．Itgoesintotheclothsfibersdirectly．8．Bysaying"madeeverypairasecondskin"inthelastparagraph,theauthormostprobablymeans____________．A．thepantsweremadeofskin．B．thepantsfittedpeoplewell．C．thedyeswerequitenatural．

3D．thethreadsbecamesofterandsofter．【语篇解读】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了牛仔裤的起源，它的功能以及牛仔裤为什么是蓝色的。5.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的句子"First，why"jeans"？Jeanstwinnames﹣denimandjeans﹣comefromthetwoEuropeanportsthatsuppliedtwosimilarfabrics（织物）duringtheMiddleA.ges．"首先，为什么是”牛仔裤”？牛仔裤的相似名字：denimandjeans，来自欧洲的两个港口，在中期供应了两种类似的面料。可知作者谈论"牛仔"是从它的名字开始的。故选D。6.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的"In1873LeviStraussteamedupwithJacobDavistoproducejeans，theysoldlikehotcakestoGoldRushminersseckingadurableuniformforfortune﹣seekingJeansrapidlycametostandforthecharacteroftheA.mericanWest﹣﹣rank，energetic，rebellions，andcapitalistic．"1873年，李维·斯特劳斯与雅各布·戴维斯联手生产牛仔裤，他们像热蛋糕一样卖给淘金热的矿工们，为了寻找财富而制作的耐穿的牛仔裤迅速地成为了美国西部牛仔裤的代名词——等级、精力充沛、反叛和资本主义。可知，1873年牛仔受欢迎主要是作为耐用的制服。故选B。7.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的"Unlikemostnaturaldyesthat，whenheated，penetrateclothfibersdirectly，indigo（靛蓝）stickstothecloth'sthreads．Witheachwashingsomeofthesedyemoleculesarestrippedaway，takingbitsofthethreadswiththem．不像大多数天然染料，当加热时，热气直接穿透布料纤维，靛蓝吸附在布料的线上。每次清洗时，一些染料分子会带着一些线头一起被剥离。 "可知，靛蓝颜色不持久。故选C。8.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的"Theprocesssoftensroughfabricsandindividualizesthecolor．Thisextremecustomizationmadeeverypairasecondskin．"在洗涤过程中，面料变得柔软，使靛蓝变得独一无二，衣服就像第二皮肤，穿起来非常合适。可知，这样的面料使得衣服穿起来很舒服。故选B。C（2021·福建宁德·三模）Thefirstwaveofanewclassofanti-agingdrugshavebegunhumantesting.Thesedrugswon'tletyoulivelongerbutaimtotreatspecificillnessesbyslowingafundamentalprocessofaging.Thedrugsarecalledsenolytics—theyworkbyremovingcertaincellsthataccumulateasweage.Knownas“senescent”cells,theycancreatelow-levelinflammation(炎症)thatpreventsnormalsystemsoflivingcellsrepairandcreatesapoisonousenvironmentforneighboringcells.InJune,SanFrancisco-basedUnityBiotechnologyreportedinitialresultsinpatientswithmildtosevereosteoarthritis(关节炎)oftheknee.Resultsfromalargerclinicaltrialareexpectedinthesecondhalfofthisyear.Thecompanyisalsodevelopingsimilardrugstotreatage-relateddiseasesoftheeyesandlungs,amongotherconditions.Senolyticsarenowinhumantests,alongwithanumberofotherpromisingapproachestargetingthebiologicalprocessesthatlieattherootofagingandvariousdiseases.AcompanycalledAlkahestinjectspatientswithcomponentsfoundinyoungpeople'sbloodandsaysithopestostopconsciousandfunctionaldeclineinpatientssufferingfrommildtomoderateAlzheimer'sdisease.ThecompanyalsohasdrugsforParkinson'sanddementiainhumantesting.AndinDecember,researchersatDrexelUniversityCollegeofMedicineeventriedtoseeifacreamincludingtheimmune-suppressingdrugcouldslowaginginhumanskin.

4Thetestsreflectresearchers'expandingeffortstolearnifthemanydiseasesassociatedwithgettingolder-suchasheartdiseases,arthritis,cancer,anddementia-canbedealtwithtodelaytheiroutbreak.9．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthedrugs?A．Toridinflammation.B．Tolengthenpeople'slife.C．Totreatage-relateddiseases.D．Toremovecancercells.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“senescent”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Repairing.B．Cycling.C．Aging.D．Dividing.11．Howdoesthetextmainlydevelop?A．Bylistingdata.B．Byprovidingdetails.C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Byanalyzingcauses.12．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary.B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel.D．Amagazine.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了第一批抗衰老药物已经开始在人体上进行试验。9．C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thesedrugswon'tletyoulivelongerbutaimtotreatspecificillnessesbyslowingafundamentalprocessofaging.（这些药物不会让你活得更久，但目的是通过减缓基本衰老过程来治疗特定疾病。）”可知，研究人员研发这些药物是为了治疗与年龄相关的疾病。故选C。10．C词义猜测题。根据上文“Thedrugsarecalledsenolytics-theyworkbyremovingcertaincellsthataccumulateasweage.（这些药物被称为衰老解药——它们通过清除某些随着我们年龄增长而积累的细胞发挥作用。）”可推知，此处表示“它们被称为“衰老”细胞”，senescent意为“衰老的”。故选C。11．B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“InJune,SanFrancisco-basedUnityBiotechnologyreportedinitialresultsinpatientswithmildtosevereosteoarthritisoftheknee.（今年6月，总部位于旧金山的Unity生物技术公司报告了轻度至重度膝关节骨关节炎患者的初步结果。）”、文章第五段“AcompanycalledAlkahestinjectspatientswithcomponentsfoundinyoungpeople'sbloodandsaysithopestostopconsciousandfunctionaldeclineinpatientssufferingfrommildtomoderateAlzheimer'sdisease.（一家名为Alkahest的公司向患者注射在年轻人血液中发现的成分，并表示希望阻止轻度至中度阿尔茨海默氏症患者的意识和功能下降。）”以及文章第六段“AndinDecember,researchersatDrexelUniversityCollegeofMedicineeventriedtoseeifacreamincludingtheimmune-suppressingdrugcouldslowaginginhumanskin.（去年12月，德雷塞尔大学医学院的研究人员甚至试图研究一种含有免疫抑制药物的护肤霜是否能减缓人类皮肤的衰老。）”可知，文章通过列举一系列研究的细节来组织和发展的。故选B。12．D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thefirstwaveofanewclassofanti-agingdrugshavebegunhumantesting.（第一批抗衰老药物已经开始在人体上进行试验。）”可知，文章主要介绍了这些抗衰老药物的相关研究。由此可推知，文章可能来自一本杂志。故选D。D（2021·云南昆明·三模）Sugarhasbeenlinkedtoseriousdiseaseslikeheartdisease,diabetesandevencancer,whichiswhyit'svitaltocutdownonfoodsanddrinksthatarehighinsugar.Takealookatthedrinksthatcontainasurprisingamountofhiddensugarsandwhatyoushouldbeeatinginstead.

5FruitjuicesWhilefruitjuicescancontainsomeimportantvitaminsandminerals,theyaretypicallyfullofsugar.Unfortunately,thefiberthatfruitnaturallycontainsandthathelpsthebodykeepbloodsugarstablehasalsobeenremoved.Tokeepbloodsugarlevelsfromrisingsharply,choosetoeatwholefruitswheneverajuicedesirecomesalong.SportsdrinksSportsdrinksmightseemliketheperfectchoiceforhydrationwhileexercising,buttheycontainahighamountofaddedsugarsastheyweredesignedforathletesduringfierceandlongperiodsofactivity.Theonlypeoplewhoactuallybenefitfromsportsdrinksareprofessionalathletesormarathoners.Unlessthat'syou,juststicktoplainwater.FlavoredcoffeesFlavoredcoffeesaredelicious,buttheycontainhiddensugarsastheyoftenrelyonartificialsyrups(糖浆)forflavoring.Alargeflavoredcoffeeatsomecoffeechainshasupto25teaspoonsofsugar.Youcanstillenjoyyourmorningcupofcoffee.Juststicktounflavoredandunsweetenedversionsandavoidcreamershighinsugar.IcedteasIcedteascanbeextremelyrefreshingonahotday,butthey'retypicallyover-sweetenedwithsugarorsyrups.Somebrandsoficedteaactuallycontainasurprising33gramsofsugarina355-milliliterserving.So,lookforicedteaswithoutanyaddedsugarormakeyourownathomesoyoucansavemoneyandcontrolwhatgoesintoit.13．Howdofruitjuicesbenefitpeople?A．Theyprovidenecessaryminerals.B．Theyrefuelpeopleduringsports.C．Theyenergizepeopleinthemorning.D．Theyrefreshpeopleonhotdays.14．Whatarecommonpeopleadvisedtohavewhileexercising?A．Fruitjuices.B．Flavoredcoffees.C．Naturalwater.D．Icedteas.15．What'sthepurposeofthetext?A．Tointroducefournutritiousdrinks.B．Todiscusstheadvantagesofdrinks.C．Tosharewaystomakedrinksathome.D．Towarmreadersagainsthigh-sugardrinks.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了几种含糖量很高的饮料，以此来建议人们不要喝含糖量高的饮料。13．A【解析】细节理解题。根据Fruitjuices中第一句“Whilefruitjuicescancontainsomeimportantvitaminsandminerals,theyaretypicallyfullofsugar.(虽然果汁含有一些重要的维生素和矿物质，但它们通常富含糖。)”可知，果汁提供必要的矿物质，这对人们的身体有好处。故选A。14．C【解析】推理判断题。根据Sportsdrinks中“Sportsdrinksmightseemliketheperfectchoiceforhydrationwhileexercising,buttheycontainahighamountofaddedsugarsastheyweredesignedforathletesduringfierceandlongperiodsofactivity.(运动饮料似乎是运动时补水的完美选择，但它们含有大量的添加糖，因为它们是为在激烈和长时间运动时的运动员设计的。)”和“Unlessthat'syou,juststicktoplainwater.(除非你是运动员，若不是，那就喝白开水吧。)”可推知，普通人运动后建议喝天然水。故选C。15．D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Sugarhasbeenlinkedtoseriousdiseaseslikeheartdisease,diabetes

6andevencancer,whichiswhyit'svitaltocutdownonfoodsanddrinksthatarehighinsugar.Takealookatthedrinksthatcontainasurprisingamountofhiddensugarsandwhatyoushouldbeeatinginstead.(糖与心脏病、糖尿病甚至癌症等严重疾病有关，这就是为什么减少含糖量高的食物和饮料至关重要的原因。看看那些含有惊人数量的隐藏糖的饮料，看看你应该吃些什么。)”可知，本文介绍了几种含糖量很高的饮料，以此来建议人们不要喝含糖量高的饮料，尽量远离这些饮料。故选D。E（2021·甘肃省民乐县第一中学模拟预测）Mydoctortookmeforawalkaroundthefarmwhereshelives.Iwasphysicallyandemotionallyexhaustedanddiscouragedbyanxietyanddepression.Theplacewasfulloflife.Therewereinsects,horses,rabbitsandacat.Shetoldmetofocusonmybodyintheenvironment.WhenIwasill,Itendedtoretreatintomymindanddisconnectfromhereandnow.So,whenImetahorsenamedFira,Iexpectednothing.AsIgotclosertoFira,shenuzzledhernoseintomychest,puttingagentlepressureovermyheart.Somethinghappenedinsideme:IfeltasifIhadreachedawellspringofpasthurts,fearsandfailings.Ibegantomeltemotionally.IpattedFira’snoseandbreathedinhersmell.IfoundIdidn’thavetoconcentrateonfeelingbetter;Firahelpedmefeellovedandsafe.IworkedwithFiraoften,learningbasiccommunicationandleadingmethodstoworktogetherwithher.Initially,Iwasn’tsureexactlywhatonewoulddowithahorseexceptridingit.ButIknewthatFirahadtouchedmeinanuncommonwayandhadmademefeelbetter.Sheconnectedwithmebyrespondingtomyemotionalstateandreflectingitbacktomeinanopen,affectionateway.InmymeetingswithFira,IfoundthatIlostmyusualself-consciousness,andIwouldfocusentirelyoncommunicating.Ilearnedtoliveinthepresent,tofocusonwhatwashappeningthisday,inthismoment,inthisplace.Ilearnedtoforgetthepast,withallitshurts.Ilearnedtoforgetthefuture,whichhasn’thappenedyet.Whenyoustandbesideahorse,youexistcompletelyinthemoment.WithFirabymyside,Isawintoalifeinwhichtrustcomesfirst,andcompassionfollows.Ifoundadeeppeaceinleadingheralongapath,byusingmyownpowerofintentiontoindicatewhethertostart,stop,turnleftorturnright.Ifeltaninnerquietandevenjoy.Myworkwiththishorsewaspartofajourneyoutofaverydarknightinmysoul.16．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A．Shelovesanimalsverymuch.B．Shesufferedfrommentalillness.C．Shewenttoadoctorwithhighhopes.D．Sheoftenlostconsciousness.17．WhenshemetFiraforthefirsttime,theauthor________.A．feltdeeplytouchedB．hadanemotionalbreakdownC．becamegratefulforherpastpainD．wascuriousaboutwhatwouldhappen18．WhentheauthorandFiraworkedtogether,________.A．theauthorhadtotryhardtofeelbetter

7B．FirahelpedtheauthorfocusonherthoughtsC．theauthorrecalledherpasthurts,fearsandfailingsD．Firaacceptedtheauthor’semotionsandreactedpositively19．WhatdidtheauthorlearnduringhertimewithFira?A．Itisimportanttoliveinthemoment.B．Oneshouldn’tbeaffectedbyemotions.C．Oneshouldlearnlessonsfromthepast.D．Itisnecessarytoshowcompassiontoothers.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者在患有精神疾病期间，她的医生带她去农场散步时，她与一匹叫做Fira的马相遇、相知以及到最后一起工作的过程，并在与这匹马一块工作时，作者得出了要活在当下的人生感悟。16.B【解析】推理判断题。由文章第一段第二句“Iwasphysicallyandemotionallyexhaustedanddiscouragedbyanxietyanddepression.”（焦虑和抑郁使我身心俱疲，灰心丧气。）可知，作者患的是精神方面的疾病。选项B与文意相符，故选B项。17.A【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段最后两句“Somethinghappenedinsideme:IfeltasifIhadreachedawellspring(源泉)ofpasthurts,fearsandfailings.Ibegantomeltemotionally.”（我的内心深处发生了一些事情：我觉得好像我已经达到了过去伤害，恐惧和失败的源泉。情感上我开始融化。）可知，作者第一次见到Fira时，她被它的反应深深地感动了。选项A与文意一致，故选A项。18.D【解析】细节理解题。由文章第六段最后一句“Sheconnectedwithmebyrespondingtomyemotionalstateandreflectingitbacktomeinanopen,affectionateway.”（她通过回应我的情绪状态并以一种开放的、充满爱意的方式将它反馈给我与我联系。）可知，作者和Fira一块工作时，Fira理解了作者的情绪，并做出了积极的反应。选项D与文意相符，故选D项。19.A【解析】推理判断题。由文章第八段“Ilearnedtoliveinthepresent,tofocusonwhatwashappeningthisday,inthismoment,inthisplace.Ilearnedtoforgetthepast,withallitshurts.Ilearnedtoforgetthefuture,whichhasn'thappenedyet.Whenyoustand besideahorse,youexistcompletelyinthemoment.”（我学会了活在当下，关注在这一天、这一刻、这个地方发生的事情。我学会了忘记过去，忘记所有的伤痛。我学会了忘记还没有发生的未来。当你站在马的旁边，你就完全存在于那一刻。）可知，当作者和Fira在一起的时候她学到了活在当下让每一天都有意义是很重要的。选项A与文意相一致，故选A项。F（2021·四川德阳·三模）Eachyear,about250billionto-gocupsservecoffeeandteafromplaceslikeStarbucksandMcDonald’sareproducedtosatisfytheworld’sloveforhotdrinksontherun.Thesepaper-basedcupshavetheinsidesurfacecoveredwithplastictopreventwaterfromescaping,andkeepwaterfrombeingabsorbedintothematerial.Despitethis,thatalsoremovesanyopportunityforthecupstobebiodegradable(可生物降解的).Thematerialsthatcreatedthesecupsofgoodnessandconveniencearerecyclablebutonlyifseparated.Inaddition,thedemandforsuchresourcesislow,sotheyareworthnexttonothing.

8Inresponsetothisgreatchallenge,NextGenConsortium,multi-yearpartnershipledbyStarbucksandMcDonald’slaunchedtheirfirstbiginitiative(倡议)—NextGenCup.ThefirststepinNextGenCupwasanopencompetitionwhereparticipantspresentedideasforsleeves,cups,lidsandotherpartsofthehot-coldpaper-basedtakeawaycoffeecupthatwouldmakeitreusable,recyclable,orbiodegradable;tofinallybewidelyused.12winners,announcedin2019,sharedaprizeof$1million,aswellaspersonalizedgrowth,andsupportfrommembersofNextGenConsortium.Later,theylaunchedtwopilotprogramsatindependentcoffeeshopsinCalifornia.Inonecase,customersweregiven“smart”reusablecupsmademostlyfromrecyclableplastic.Theythencoulddroptheiremptiesintocollectioncontainersatkeylocations,forwashingandreuse.ThesecupswereprintedwithRFIDchipsorQRcodes,throughwhichcoffeeshopscanknowwherethereisthegreatestneedforcollectioncontainersandhowmanyarenotusingthem.Toreducecoffeecupwaste,CupClubisalreadyreplacingmillionsoftakeawaycupsintheUK,whileRecupinGermany,hasperformedadepositsystemthatsimplyaddsasmallextrafeetoanycoffeecupwhichisreturnedtothebuyerafterthecupisdepositedinanyregisteredcollectionpoint.20．Whatcanwesayaboutthepaper-basedcups?A．Theycanabsorbwatereasily.B．Theyarenotpopularinlife.C．Theycan’tbeeasilyrecycled.D．Theyareattractiveinlowprice.21．What’sthethemeoftheNextGenCup?A．Separatingrecyclablematerialsfromthecups.B．Makingthecupsgreenandeasilyavailable.C．Reducingtheunnecessarypartsofthecups.D．Gainingthesupportfromtheirpartners.22．What’sthefunctionofRFIDchipsorQRcodes?A．Knowingaboutcustomers’preferenceforcoffeeshops.B．Collectingtheinformationonwhichshopisempty.C．Helpingchoosewherecustomercandrinkcoffee.D．Makingtherecyclingofcupsmoreefficient.23．Whatdoestheword“which”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Acollectionpoint.B．Adepositsystem.C．Asmallextrafee.D．Anycoffeecup.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了星巴克和麦当劳为解决外带咖啡杯污染问题所做的努力。20．C【解析】推理判断题。由第一段中的“Thesepaper-basedcupshavetheinsidesurfacecoveredwithplastictopreventwaterfromescaping,andkeepwaterfrombeingabsorbedintothematerial.Despitethis,thatalsoremovesanyopportunityforthecupstobebiodegradable(可生物降解的).(这些纸质杯子的内表面覆盖着塑料，以防止水逸出，并防止水被材料吸收。尽管如此，这也消除了杯子被生物降解的机会。)”可知，纸杯内附塑料，无法降解，可得出它们不容易被回收利用。故选C项。21．B【解析】推理判断题。由第三段中的“ThefirststepinNextGenCupwasanopencompetitionwhere

9participantspresentedideasforsleeves,cups,lidsandotherpartsofthehot-coldpaper-basedtakeawaycoffeecupthatwouldmakeitreusable,recyclable,orbiodegradable;tofinallybewidelyused.(NextGen杯的第一步是一个公开的竞赛，参与者们展示了热冷纸质外卖咖啡杯的杯套、杯子、盖子和其他部分的想法，这些都将使咖啡杯可以重复使用、可回收或可生物降解；最终得到广泛应用。)”可知，NextGen杯的参与者们把杯子设计成可以重复使用、可回收或可生物降解的杯子，可得出举办方希望竞赛者设计出既环保又实用的咖啡杯，NextGen杯的主题是“使杯子绿色环保，方便取用”。故选B项。22．D【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“ThesecupswereprintedwithRFIDchipsorQRcodes,throughwhichcoffeeshopscanknowwherethereisthegreatestneedforcollectioncontainersandhowmanyarenotusingthem.(这些杯子上印着RFID芯片或QR码，通过这些东西，咖啡店可以知道哪里最需要收集容器，有多少没有使用。)”可知，“智能”杯上的RFID芯片或QR码可帮助收集杯子回收使用的情况，使杯子的回收更有效。故选D项。23．C【解析】指代猜测题。由最后一段中的“Toreducecoffeecupwaste,CupClubisalreadyreplacingmillionsoftakeawaycupsintheUK,whileRecupinGermany,hasperformedadepositsystemthatsimplyaddsasmallextrafeetoanycoffeecupwhichisreturnedtothebuyerafterthecupisdepositedinanyregisteredcollectionpoint.(为了减少咖啡杯的浪费，CupClub已经在英国更换了数百万个外卖杯，而德国的Recup则执行了一种存款制度，只需在任何咖啡杯存放在任何注册的收款点后，向买家退还一小部分额外费用。)”可知，which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词asmallextrafee，所以which指asmallextrafee。故选C项。G（2021·山东泰安·一模）Buyingclothesforaspecialevent,hidingthepriceticketsandreturningthemtothestorethenextdayhasforyearsbeenthemethodofeconomicalshoppers.Todaypeoplearedoingitjustforsocialmedia.AsurveyconductedbythecreditcardcompanyBarclaycardrevealedthatnearlyoneintenUKshoppersadmitstobuyingclothingonlytopostphotosonsocialmediaforlikes.Afterthe“outfit(装束)oftheday”makesitonline,theyreturnittothestore.AccordingtoBarclaycard,the“trybeforeyoubuy”policyofonlineretailers(零售商)wherepeoplepayforclothingtheyorderonlineaftertheytryitonathomecouldbecontributingtothisrisingtrend.Buttheriseofsocialmediahasmeantthateveryone,notjustsuperstars,expectstobuildandmaintainapersonalbrand.Sincewe’redocumentingourlivesandpostingthemonlineforpublicjudgment,gettingcaughtinthesameoutfitsmorethanonceshouldbeavoided.Andthecostofallthoseoutfitsofthedayaddsup,whichmakesreturningapopularway.Therearebrandsthattailorclothesspecificallyforsocialmediashoppers,likeFashionNova.“Theseareclothesmadeforsocialmedia:meanttobewornonce,photographedandabandoned,”AllisonP.Daviswroteinherreportaboutthebrand.AnotherfavoriteofthesocialmediaageisRenttheRunway,whichletscustomersrentdesignerclothingforafee.Some,however,aremovingintheoppositedirection.Groupspromoting“workuniforms”haveincreasedgreatlyinrecentyears,aimingtofreewomenfrom“theannoyanceofclothingdecisions”.Theconceptofthe“capsulewardrobe”(胶囊衣柜),whichcallsforpurchasingasmallnumberofhigh-qualitypiecesinsteadoflotsoftrendythrowawayclothes,isalsomakingacomeback.

1024．WhatdoesthesurveybyBarclaycardindicate?A．SomeBritonssendoutfitsbackaftershoots.B．Britonstryonclothesbeforeonlinepurchases.C．Britonsfollowthefashionstarsclosely.D．SomeBritonsover-orderandreturnclothes.25．What’sFashionNova’sspecialservice?A．Rentingchargeabledesignerclothes.B．Offeringcustomerssingle-useclothes.C．Creatinguniqueshoppingexperiences.D．Helpingshoppersimprovetheirclothingstyle.26．What’stheideabehindthe“capsulewardrobe”?A．Betterfewer,butbetter.B．Lessaddition,butmoreenjoyment.C．Lessuniformandmorefreedom.D．Morechoicesandlessannoyance.27．What’sthepurposeoftheauthortowritethetext?A．Tocomparedifferentwearingtrends.B．Tocriticizethe“trybeforeyoubuy”policy.C．Toadvocatebuyinghigh-qualityclothes.D．TointroduceBritain’snewwearingtrend.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，即一些人为了维护在社交媒体上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌对应的措施，以及与之相反的穿衣趋势。24．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“AsurveyconductedbythecreditcardcompanyBarclaycardrevealedthatnearlyoneintenUKshoppersadmitstobuyingclothingonlytopostphotosonsocialmediaforlikes.‘outfit(装束)oftheday’makesitonline,theyreturnittothestore.(巴克莱信用卡公司开展的一项调查显示，近十分之一的英国购物者承认自己买衣服只是为了把照片发到社交媒体上获得点赞。‘当天的服装’在网上完成后，他们会把衣服退回商店。)”可知，一些英国人在拍摄后把衣服送回去。故选A项。25．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Therearebrandsthattailorclothesspecificallyforsocialmediashoppers,likeFashionNova.(有些品牌专门为社交媒体购物者定制服装，比如FashionNova。)”以及AllisonP.Davis所写“Theseareclothesmadeforsocialmedia:meanttobewornonce,photographedandabandoned.(这些衣服是为社交媒体设计的：穿一次、拍照和丢弃。)”可知，FashionNova的特别服务是为顾客提供一次性衣服。故选B项。26．A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theconceptofthe‘capsulewardrobe’,whichcallsforpurchasingasmallnumberofhigh-qualitypiecesinsteadoflotsoftrendythrowawayclothes,isalsomakinga

11comeback.(‘胶囊衣橱’的概念也正在回归，‘胶囊衣橱’指的是购买少量高品质的衣服，而不是大量购买流行的一次性衣服。)”可知，胶囊衣橱”背后的理念是越少越好。故选A项。27．D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是，在英国一种新的穿衣潮流出现，一些人为了维护在社交媒体上的形象，经常购买衣服，穿上拍照后就退货。本文介绍了这种潮流出现的原因，服装品牌对应的措施，以及另外的穿衣趋势。所以，本文的写作目的是向读者客观地介绍英国新的穿衣潮流。故选D项。H（2021·河南郑州·三模）Thereyouare,lookingthroughyourWeChatmomentsoryourWeibofeed,andyoucomeacrossapostsayingsomethinglikethis:“IjustgotacceptedtoHarvardand0xford!Aretheysuretheydidn’tmixmyapplicationsupwithsomebodyelse’s?”Thispersonisclearlyhumblebragging.Theterm“humblebrag”wasfirstcoinedbackin2010bythelateUScomedianHarrisWittels,anditdescribeswhensomeonemakesaseeminglymodeststatement,buttheactualpurposeistobringattentiontosomethingtheyareproudof.Theexampleaboveisamodesty-basedhumblebrag.Thepersonwantstotellothers:“IgotacceptedtoHarvardandOxford!”However,theydon'twanttoseemtooproudoftheiraccomplishments.So,instead,theyworditinawaytobemoremodestandbringdowntheimportanceoftheirachievements.Althoughpeoplewhohumblebragthinkitwillmakethemmorelikeablebecausetheyaren’ttalkingproudlyabouttheirvictories,astudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyshowedthathumblebraggingactuallyhastheoppositeeffect.“Humblebraggingdoesn’thavetheintendedresultbecauseitseemsinsincere.That‘poorme’attitudecombinedwithself-promotiondoesnotleadtoafavorableimpression,”saidOvulSezer,theleadauthorofthestudyandanassistantprofessoroforganizationalbehaviorattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,US.“Evensimplybraggingorcomplaining(抱怨)isbetter,becauseatleastthosemessagesareseenasmoresincere.”Sezer’sstudyalsofoundthatnearly60%ofhumblebragswerecomplaint-basedhumblebragging,withmostpeoplehumblebraggingabouttheirlooks,followedbytheirmoneyorwealth,andfinallyabouttheirperformanceatwork.“It’ssuchacommonphenomenon.Allofusknowsomepeopleinourlives,whetherinthesocialmediaorintheworkplace,whodothisannoyingthing,”commentedSezer,addingthatwealldoittosomeextent.So,ifyouwanttoshareyourachievementswithothers,what’sthebestwaytodoitthen?Sezersuggeststhatpeopleadmittheirself-promotionandharvesttherewardsofbeingsincere.Shealsosuggestsfindingago-between,adding,“Ifsomeonebragsforyou,that’sthebestthingthatcanhappentoyou,becausethenyoudon’tseemlikeyou’rebragging.”28．Theunderlinedword“coined”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”.A．recognizedB．inventedC．boughtD．copied29．Whichofthefollowingcanbeconsideredashumblebragging?A．Hesitatingtotalkaboutyourachievements.B．Bringingpeople’sattentiontoyourachievements.C．Talkingproudlyaboutyourachievementsinthesocialmedia.D．Pretendingtobemodestwhentalkingaboutyourachievements.

1230．WhatisSezer’sattitudetowardshumblebragging?A．Cautious.B．Ambiguous.C．Supportive.D．Disapproving.31．WhatdoesSezersuggestpeopledowhenitcomestosharingachievements?A．Sharetheirachievementswiththeirbestfriends.B．Bringdowntheimportanceoftheirachievements.C．Findsomeoneelsetotalkabouttheirachievements.D．Talkabouttheirachievementsaftersomeoneelsedoes.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了术语“humblebragging”的含义，并对这种行为进行了分析和评价。28．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中的“itdescribeswhensomeonemakesaseeminglymodeststatement,buttheactualpurposeistobringattentiontosomethingtheyareproudof”（它描述的是某人做了一个看似谦虚的陈述，但实际目的是让人们注意到他们引以为傲的事情）可知，选项D（在谈论自己的成就时假装谦虚。）可以被认为是“humblebragging”。故选D。29．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Evensimplybraggingorcomplaining(抱怨)isbetter,becauseatleastthosemessagesareseenasmoresincere.”（即使只是简单的吹嘘或抱怨也更好，因为至少这些信息看起来更真诚。）可知，Sezer认为“Humblebragging”很不真诚。所以他的态度是不赞同的。故选D。30．D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Ifsomeonebragsforyou,that'sthebestthingthatcanhappentoyou,becausethenyoudon'tseemlikeyou'rebragging”（如果有人向你吹嘘，这对你来说是最好的事情，因为这样你看起来就不像是在吹牛）可知，Sezer建议人们在炫耀成就时应该在别人这样做了之后再谈论自己的成就。故选D。