effects of interaction goals and personality feedback on the presentation of self

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1、JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology1965,Vol.1,No.5,413-424THEEFFECTSOFINTERACTIONGOALSANDPERSONALISTICFEEDBACKONTHEPRESENTATIONOFSELF1KENNETHJ.GERGENHarvardUniversityDuringa30-min.interviewSswere(a)eitherexposedtoatypeofsocialfeedbackcalledreflectiv

2、ereinforcementornotexposedtosuchfeedback,(b)presentedthisfeedbackineitherapersonalorimpersonalmanner,and(c)instructedeithertobeaccurateaboutthemselvesortomakeagoodimpression.Aspredicted,thepositivecharacteroftheSs1self-descriptionincreasedtoagreaterexte

3、ntunderfeedbackthanunderconditionsofnofeedback.However,thevariationinpersonalismhadminimalconsequences.SsinstructedtomakeagoodimpressiondemonstratedagreaterincreaseinpositivenessthandidaccurateSs.Thegeneralizationoftheresponsesproducedbythesemanipula-ti

4、onsandtheroleofawarenesswerealsoexplored.Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoinvesti-occurwithincreasingfrequency,thepersongateafewofthemajorconditionsaffectingshouldcometofeelthatsuchresponsesarethewayinwhichonepersonpresentsorde-trulyrepresentativeoftheself,(

5、b)Fromscribeshimselftoanother.Itseemsclearthattheviewpointofclassicallearningapersonpersonsdopresentdifferentself-attributestocancometoassociatehisovertbehaviorwithmeetthefunctionaldemandsofvariousdescriptionscommunicatedtohimbyothers.socialsettings(cf.

6、Goffman,19S9).OntheItisoneversionofthisprocesswhichhasotherhanditisalsoclearthatpersonsarebeenstressedbythe"symbolicinteractionists"concernedwithself-consistency,andare(forexample,G.H.MeadandC.H.Cooley).repeatedlyfacedwiththedilemma:howtoAccordingtothis

7、view,aperson'sself-defini-remain"truetoself"andyetrespondadapt-tionisprimarilyareflectionoftheviewsofivelytovaryingsocialdemands.Thisconflictsignificantothersabouthim.betweenconsistencyandsocialadaptationBasedontheassumptionthatpersonstendcanbeconsidere

8、damajorthemeofthetodescribethemselvesinaccordwithself-presentinvestigation.Thusthestudyiscon-conceptions,thepresentexperimentattemptedcernedwiththeeffectsofdifferingsocialcon-toexploitbothoftheabovecomponentsofditionsonchangesins