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1、JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology1968,Vol.10,No.1,15-20EFFECTSOFEYECONTACTANDVERBALCONTENTONAFFECTIVERESPONSETOADYADICINTERACTION1PHOEBEC.ELLSWORTHANDJ.MERRILLCARLSMITHStanfordUniversityEffectsoffrequencyofeyeengagementandpositivenessofverbalcontentwerestudiedin
2、a2X2factorialdesign.Theresultsindicatedthatwithpositiveverbalcontent,frequenteyecontactproducesmorepositiveevaluations;withnegativeverbalcontentfrequenteyecontactproducesnegativeevaluation.Thepatternofobtainedmeanswasunexpected,andtentativehypothesesareofferedaspossib
3、leexplanations.Anumberofstudieshaveindicatedthatble.Takentogether,theirresultsshowthatthevisualbehaviorofadyadisrelatedtotheduringaninteraction,thefrequencyanddi-affectivenatureoftheinteractionbetweenrectionofaperson'sglancescanbegreatlythemembers.ExlineandWinters(196
4、Sa)alteredbyvariousotheraspectsofthesitua-foundthatsubjectsincreasefrequencyofeyetion.Theauthors'discussions,however,oftencontactswithaninterviewerevaluatingthemgobeyondtheanalysisofthefactorswhichpositively,andreduceeyecontactswithaaffectvisualbehavior,andattempttode
5、finenegativelyevaluatinginterviewer.Theirsec-thefunctionofthevisualbehavioritself(e.g.,ondexperimentshowedthataftersubjectsinfluencingthesubject'saffectivereactions,hadexpressedapreferenceforoneoftworegulating"intimacy,"andsoon).Thefactinterviewersthedifferencebetween
6、thefre-thateyeengagementincreasesanddecreasesinquencyofeyeengagementwiththepreferredresponsetoavarietyofaffectiveandotheroverthenonpreferredinterviewer(whenbothsignalslendsplausibilitytotheideathatthewerepresent)increasedsignificantly.Ithasvisualbehaviormayitselfhavea
7、communi-alsobeenfound(Exline,Gray,&Schuette,cativefunction,butinordertomakedefini-1965)thatsubjectslookataninterviewertivestatementsaboutthisfunction,itisalsosignificantlylessduringaconversationcon-necessarytoshowthatthevisualbehaviorsistingofpersonalandembarrassingqu
8、estionshasaneffectonotherbehaviors.Itisneces-thanduringaneutralconversation.sarytoshowthatsomethingisactuallyOtherinvestigat
