population genetic effects of urban habitat fragmentation in the perennial herb

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1、AnnalsofBotany100:91–100,2007doi:10.1093/aob/mcm077,availableonlineatwww.aob.oxfordjournals.orgPopulationGeneticEffectsofUrbanHabitatFragmentationinthePerennialHerbViolapubescens(Violaceae)usingISSRMarkersTHERESAM.CULLEY*,SARAHJ.SBITAandANNEWICKDepartmentofBiologicalSciences,Universityo

2、fCincinnati,614RieveschlHall,Cincinnati,OH45221-0006,USAReceived:15December2006Returnedforrevision:2February2007Accepted:2March2007Publishedelectronically:7June2007†BackgroundandAimsFragmentationofnaturalhabitatscannegativelyimpactplantpopulationsbyleadingtoreducedgeneticvariationandinc

3、reasedgeneticdistanceaspopulationsbecomegeographicallyandgeneticallyiso-latedfromoneanother.Totestwhethersuchdetrimentaleffectsoccurwithinanurbanlandscape,thegeneticstruc-tureofsixpopulationsoftheperennialherbViolapubescenswascharacterizedinthemetropolitanareaofGreaterCincinnatiinsouthw

4、esternOhio,USA.†MethodsUsingthreeinter-simplesequencerepeat(ISSR)markers,51lociamplifiedacrossallurbanpopulations.Forreference,fourpreviouslyexaminedagriculturalpopulationsincentral/northernOhioandageographicallyDownloadedfromdistantpopulationinMichiganwerealsoincludedintheanalysis.†KeyR

5、esultsUrbanpopulationsretainedhighlevelsofgeneticvariation(percentageofpolymorphicloci,Pp¼80.7%)withsimilargeneticdistancesamongpopulationsandanabsenceofuniquealleles.Geographicandgeneticdistanceswerecorrelatedwithoneanother,andallpopulationsgroupedaccordingtoregion.Individualsfromurban

6、populationsclusteredtogetherandawayfromindividualsfromagriculturalpopulationsandfromtheMichiganpopulationinaprinciplecoordinatesanalysis.Hierarchicalanalysisofmolecularvariance(AMOVA)revealedthatmostofthegeneticvariabilitywaspartitionedwithinpopulations(69.1%)andamonggroupshttp://aob.ox

7、fordjournals.org/(22.2%)ofsouthwesternOhio,central/northernOhioandMichigangroups.MeanFstwas0.308,indicatingsubstan-tialpopulationdifferentiation.†ConclusionsItisconcludedthaturbanfragmentationdoesnotappeartoimpedegeneflowinV.pubescensinsouthwesternOhio.Theseresultsareconsistentw