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1、JournalofGeneralVirology(2006),87,73–82DOI10.1099/vir.0.81360-0PopulationgenetichistoryofhepatitisCvirus1binfectioninChina1234TatsunoriNakano,3LingLu,3YunshaoHe,YongshuiFu,56BettyH.RobertsonandOliverG.Pybus31DepartmentofInternalMedicine,IchinomiyaNishiHospital,OkuchoOriguchinishi8
2、9-1,CorrespondenceTatsunoriNakanoIchinomiya,Aichi491-0201,Japannakano@anzu.or.jp2DivisionofGastroenterology/Hepatology,DepartmentofMedicine,KansasUniversityMedicalCenter,KansasCity,KS,USA3Da-AnDiagnosticCenter,SunYat-senUniversity,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China4GuangzhouBloodCenter,Gua
3、ngzhou,Guangdong,China5NationalCenterforInfectiousDiseases,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,GA,USA6DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UKSubtype1bisthemostcommonstrainofHepatitisCvirus(HCV)inChina.Here,themolecularepidemiologyandepidemichistoryofthisstrainwe
4、reinvestigatedbyconductingphylogeneticandpopulationgeneticanalysesofE1andNS5BgenesequencessampledfromnineChinesecities.ThephylogeneticanalysisindicatedthepresenceoftwoclustersofChinesestrainsthatdidnotincludereferencestrainsfromothercountries,suggestingthattheseclustersrepresenttw
5、oindependentchainsofHCVtransmissionwithinChina.TheremainingChineseisolatesweremorecloselyrelatedtoreferencestrainsfromothercountries.Thedateoforiginandpastpopulationdynamicsofthetwogroupswereinvestigatedusinganewpopulationgeneticmethod,theBayesianskylineplot.Theestimateddatesofori
6、ginofbothgroupscoincidewiththeperiodoftheChineseCulturalRevolutionduringtheyears19661976.Bothgroupsgrewatarapidexponentialratebetween~1970and~1990,afterwhichtransmissionslowedconsiderably.Possibleexplanationsforthegroupsfastspreadandsubsequentslowdownarediscussed,includingparenter
7、altransmissionbyunsafeinjection,iatrogenictransmissionbyinfectedbloodorbloodproductsandimprovementsinbloodsafetysince1990.TheseresultsshedlightonHCVReceived19July2005transmissioninChinaandmayhelptopredictthefutureburdenofHCV-relateddiseaseintheAccepted26September2005country.INTROD
8、UCTIONspread(Bukhetal.,1993;Smith
