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1、Lesson1TextA1.Fixedsubjectsandcurriculaarelikelytogointothemeltingpotandschoolthemselves,ifnotasphysicallocationsthenatleastasplacesexclusivelyforchildren,arethreatenedwithextinction.固定的学科和课程可能会融为一体,学校自身若不是因为实际位置,那么至少会因为只招收儿童而面临灭绝的威胁。2.Becausethetraditiontheywereestablishedt
2、opassonbecameadeadweight,becauseschoolbecameaninstitutioninsteadofanapproachtolife,becausetherewastoomuchemphasisonthewrittenwords,toomuchsubject-division,toomuchauthoritarianism----inaword,toomuchschoolandnotenoughlearning.因为他们所建立并延续的传统已成为沉重的负担,因为学校已成为一个机构而非一种生活方式,因为有太多的教条、
3、太细的科目划分、太注重权威――总而言之,太多的正规教育而缺乏足够的自我学习。3.Themovetowardsdemocracyinschoolinghasseveralcauses,includingthegeneraldemandforqualifiedlabortomeetthedemandsofstepped-uptechnology.Insomecountriesideologyisbehindthemove,inothers,theconsequencesofdecolonization.推动教育民主化的原因有多个,要符合快速发展的科
4、学技术就需要大量合格的劳动力。在某些国家,推动教育民主化进程的动力是意识形态;而在另一些国家,教育民主化是非殖民地化的结果。4.Butthereportpointsoutthatthereisawidegapbetweenadecisionofprincipletoprovideuniversaleducationandthedemocratizationofsystems,for,astheyarecurrentlystructured,inequalityisbuiltintothem.“Theuniversalrighttoeducati
5、on,inwhichcontemporarycivilizationtakessuchprematurepride,”saysthecommission,“isoftenrefusedtothemostunderprivileged.但是报告指出,在原则上决定推进大众化教育与实行教育体系的民主化之间,存在着一条难以逾越的鸿沟。因为在当前的教育体制结构中本身就存在着不平等的现象。委员会认为,‘无权无势的阶层并未享有全民接受教育的权利,而对此当代文明却过早地引以为豪’。5.Merelymultiplyingschoolsisnottheanswer
6、.Whatisneededisnotequaltreatmentforeverybody,butprovisionforeachindividualofasuitableeducationatasuitablepaceforhisparticularneeds.单纯地增加学校的数量并非解决问题之道。我们所需要的不是千篇一律地对待每个人,而是根据个人需要以合适的速度为他们提供合适的教育。6.Schools,insofarastheycontinuetoexistaswehaveknownthem,cease,underthissystem,tob
7、ereservedtochildrenandbecomeplacesoflearningforfutureandpresentadults.在此体系下,那些为人熟知的学校,便不再专为儿童所设,而是成为现在及将来成人的求知场所。Lesson21.Iknewaboutjim-crowbutIhadneverexperiencedit.Iwenttothesameself-servicerestaurantthreetimesandstoodwithallthePrincetonboysbeforethecounter,waitingforahamb
8、urgerandcoffee;itwasalwaysanextraordinarilylongtimebeforeanythingwassetbefo