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1、2008届毕业论文—外文文献DESARROLLOPRODUCTIVON41HesselSchuumanIntroductionTheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)definesqualityasthetotalityoffeaturesandcharacteristicsofaproductorservicethatbearonitsabilitytosatisfystatedorimpliedneeds(ISO8402).Theconcep
2、tofqualityhasevolvedoverthepastfivedecades.First,qualitystartedwithinspection-orientedqualityassurance1ofthefinalproduct.However,qualityinspectiondoesnoteliminatetherootcauseofbadquality.Theconceptwasbroadenedbyintegratingqualityintoallofthedifferentfuncti
3、onalareasthatmaybeassociatedwiththeproductionprocess,includingsuppliers,sales,productionandservices.Thisapproachisknownasprocess-control-orientedqualityassurance.Itworkswellinproducermarketsinwhichproducersdeterminesupply.However,incurrentglobalconsumermar
4、ketsitiscrucialtoknowwhatclientsandconsumerswant.Producingahigh-qualityproductisnotsufficientiftheconsumerdoesnotwanttheproductorfindsittooexpensive.Inshort,onedoesnotonlyhavetodesigna"good"productbutalsothe"right"product.Onespeaksofqualityassurancewithemp
5、hasisonnewproductdevelopment,inwhichqualityisdefinedascomplyingwiththewishesoftheclient.Thisorientationconsidersqualityissueswithinthewholeproductionsystem.Theconceptofqualityisnotlimitedtoproducts,butalsoincorporatestheproductive,organizationalanddesignfu
6、nctionsthatmaybeassociatedwithaparticularproductorservice,aswellasthepeoplethatareinvolvedintheseprocesses.Qualitycanthereforebeidentifiedasamanagementfunctionbecauseitneedstobeplanned,implemented,monitoredandimproved.TotalQualityManagementTotalQualityMana
7、gement(TQM)isamanagementphilosophythatinvolvesallaspectsofqualitythatareofinteresttoboththeconsumerandtheorganization.Globally,theTQMapproachhasshowntobeaviablewayofcuttingcosts,increasingproductivityandimprovingquality.Totalqualitymanagementinvolvesalllev
8、elsofanorganization'smanagement,includinghumanresourcesmanagement,leadership,policyandstrategyformation,managementofprocessesandmaterialresourcesmanagement.Italsoreflectsenterpriseresultsandthesatisfactionofi
