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1、4HumanFactorsintheAustralianConstructionIndustry:TowardsTotalQualityManagementbyAliJaafari†Abstract:Thispaperconcernsthechallengesofapplyingtheprinciplesoftotalqualitymanagementtoconstructionprojects,particularlyfromthestandpointofthehumanfactor.Theworkisbasedontwomajorstudiesc
2、arriedoutin1993–1995,atindustryandprojectlevelrespectively.ThelaststudyparticularlytargetedconstructionworkersandtheirperceptionoftheusefulnessoftheQAsystemsinplaceoncaseprojects,andwhetherornottherewereconcurrentattemptstoachieveworkers’empowermentontheseprojects.Thefindingsar
3、ethat:(i)whilethequalityassuranceobligationstoclients(undertheISO9000’sseries)arebeingmetthroughtheexistingsystems(whicharelargelyqualitycontrolbased),thebenefitstocontractorsintermsofcontinuousimprovementandcostsavingshavenotmaterialised;(ii)theviewfromtheconstructionpitontheu
4、sefulnessofthecurrentgenerationofqualityassurancesystemsisinmarkedcontrasttotheaimsandobjectivesofqualityassuranceStandardsandTQMprinciples;(iii)thecommunicationprocesseswithinindustryandprojectsremainpoor;(iv)intherushtobecome‘qualityendorsed’thetrainingneedsoftherankandfileof
5、theworkforcehavegenerallybeenforgotten;and(v)betterstrategiesareneededto‘sell’theTQMconcepttotherankandfileinindustryanddevelopmeansofimplementingTQMatprojectleveleffectively,therebyachievingworkers’empowerment.KeywordsCONSTRUCTION;TQM;CONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENT;EMPOWERMENT.†Departm
6、entofCivilEngineering,TheUniversityofSydneyNSW2006,Australia;E-mail:A.Jaafari@civil.su.oz.auThefieldsurveyreportedinthisarticlewascarriedoutbyDavidM.HollyoakandIssacA.Fletcher,undertheauthor’ssupervision.TheauthorisindebtedtoBarryIreland,pastMDoftheSnowyMountainsEngineeringCorp
7、oration,andProfessorsHarryPoulosandRonJohnston,TheUniversityofSydney,fortheirreviewofthemanuscriptofthispaper.AustralianJournalofManagement,Vol.21,No.2,December1996,©TheUniversityofNewSouthWales–159–AUSTRALIANJOURNALOFMANAGEMENTDecember19961.IntroductionThisstudyfocusesonthecha
8、llengesofapplyingQualityAssuranceandTQMonconstructionp
