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1、TranslationHistoryandTraditionalTranslationTheories(I)WesternTranslationHistoryandTraditionalTheoriesSept.16,2010WesternTranslationHistoryandTheoriesFocus:TheBibleKeyconcepts:fidelity,spirit,andtruthAttemptstosystematicapproachTheBibleCicero(106BC–43BC),Deoptimo
2、genereoratorum(TheBestKindofOrator,46BC):“AndIdidnottranslatethemasaninterpreter,butasanorator,keepingthesameideasandforms,orasonemightsay,the‘figures’ofthought,butinlanguagewhichconformstoourusage.Andinsodoing,Ididnotholditnecessarytorenderwordforword,butIprese
3、rvedthegeneralstyleandforceofthelanguage.”St.Jerome(c.347–420),Deoptimogenereinterpretandi(TheBestKindofTranslator:LettertoPammachius,395):“NowInotonlyadmitbutfreelyannouncethatintranslatingfromtheGreek–exceptofcourseinthecaseoftheHolyScripture,whereeventhesynta
4、xcontainsamystery–Irendernotword-for-word,butsense-for-sense.”MartinLuther(1483-1546):“Youmustaskthemotherathome,thechildreninthestreet,theordinarymaninthemarketandlookattheirmouths,howtheyspeak,andtranslatethatway;thenthey’llunderstandandseethatyou’respeakingto
5、theminGerman.”AttemptstosystematicapproachEtienneDolet(1509-1546)–fiveprinciplesoftranslationinorderofimportance:a)Thetranslatormustperfectlyunderstandthesenseandmaterialoftheoriginalauthor,althoughheshouldfeelfreetoclarifyobscurities;b)Thetranslatorshouldhaveap
6、erfectknowledgeofbothSLandTL,soasnottolessenthemajestyofthelanguage;c)Thetranslatorshouldavoidword-for-wordrenderings;d)ThetranslatorshouldavoidLatinateandunusualforms;e)Thetranslatorshouldassembleandliaisewordseloquentlytoavoidclumsiness(TheWayofTranslatingWell
7、fromOneLanguageintoAnother,1540).JohnDryden(1631-1700)–atriadicmodeloftranslation“metaphrase”:“wordbywordandlinebyline”translation,whichcorrespondstoliteraltranslation–“’Tismuchlikedancingonropeswithfetteredlegs–afoolishtask.”“paraphrase”–“translationwithlatitud
8、e,wheretheauthoriskeptinviewbythetranslator,soasnevertobelost,buthiswordsarenotsostrictlyfollowedashissense.”“imitation”–“forsaking”bothwordsandsense,or“adaptation”:t
