儿童呼吸道感染病原学和抗菌药物使用研究

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1、儿童呼吸道感染病原学和抗菌药物使用研究　　【摘要】目的通过北京垂杨柳医院儿科近2年急性呼吸道感染患儿病原学检测，了解病原构成，分析抗菌药物使用情况。方法取2年间北京垂杨柳医院院儿科就诊患儿93人。咽拭子送北京市疾病预防控制中心进行流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、支原体等快速核酸检测。痰液送院内细菌室进行细菌培养。儿童药物利用指数（childrendrugutilizationindex，cDUI）评价抗菌药物用药剂量合理性。SPSS18.0录入数据，χ2检验组间差异，以P1.0现象普遍，即药物剂量偏大属于不合理用药。痰培养阳性率不高

2、与门诊医师使用抗菌药物前未送检合格痰培养标本有关，应提高病原学检查意识，促进抗菌药物合理使用。【关键词】肺炎；儿童；感染；药物利用指数；抗菌药物ThestudyofetiologyofrespiratoryinfectionandantibioticsemploymentinpediatricpatientsWangXiaohui，HuangFang.DepartmentofPediatric，BeijingChuiYangLiuHospital，Beijing100022，China【Abstract】ObjectiveTo

3、researchthepathogenies’typesandanalyzetheantibacterialdrug’11susingrationalityfromthechildrenwithacuterespiratoryinfection，ourstudyweregeneratedbypediatricdepartmentfromthehospitallasting2years.MethodsAtotalof93pediatricpatientswithacuterespiratoryinfectionadmittedf

4、romDecember1，2010throughNovember30，2012wereenrolledintostudy.Thethroatswabsfrom93patientsweresenttotheBeijingCenterforDiseaseandPrevention（CDC）toidentifytheinfluenzavirus，syncytialvirusandmycoplasmawithrapidnucleicacidtest.Thespecimensofsputumfromhospitalizedpatient

5、sweresenttothehospitalbacteriallaboratoryforbacteriaculture.WiththeChildrenDrugUtilizationIndex（cDUI），therationalityofusingantibioticswasestimated.ThedatabasewasestablishedbyusingSPSSversion18.0softwareandthedatawereanalyzedtodeterminethestatisticaldistinctionamongt

6、hepercentagebytheChisquaretest（P　　ConclusionsInthedistrictofhospital，thelowerrespiratoryinfectionwasusuallycausedbyviruses.Therefore，antibioticsshouldnot11begiveninpatientswithoutevidenceofbacterialinfection.Itisairrationalstrategytouseantibioticsinthosepatientswhen

7、theChildrenDrugUtilizationIndexishigh（>1.0）.ItisparamountimportanttonoticethatthepercentageofpositivebacteriagrowthinsputumculturesisusuallynothighbecausetheantibioticsaregivenbyOPDphysiciansbeforehospitalizationofpatientswithbacterialinfectionsintheacuterespiratory

8、illness.【Keywords】Pneumonia；Children；Infection；Drugutilizationindex；Antimicrobialagents急性呼吸道感染是门诊及住院患儿就医的常见原因，其病原随年龄、地区、气候变迁呈现较大差异。儿童呼吸道病原