希尔《国际商务》课后习题参考答案英文版.pdf

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1、GlobalbusinesstodayChapter1:Globalization1.Describetheshiftsintheworldeconomyoverthelast30years.WhataretheimplicationsoftheseshiftsforinternationalbusinessesbasedinGreatBritain?NorthAmerica?HongKong?Answer:Theworldeconomyhasshifteddramaticallyoverthepast30years.Aslate

2、asthe1960s,fourstylizedfactsdescribedthedemographicsoftheglobaleconomy.ThefirstwasU.S.dominanceintheworldeconomyandworldtrade.ThesecondwasU.S.dominanceintheworldforeigndirectinvestmentpicture.Relatedtothis,thethirdfactwasthedominanceoflarge,multinationalU.S.firmsinthe

3、internationalbusinessscene.Thefourthwasthatroughlyhalfoftheglobe-thecentrallyplannedeconomiesoftheCommunistworld-wasoff-limitstoWesterninternationalbusinesses.Allofthesedemographicfactshavechanged.AlthoughtheU.S.remainstheworld'sdominanteconomicpower,itsshareofworldou

4、tputandworldexportshavedeclinedsignificantlysincethe1960s.ThistrenddoesnotreflecttroubleintheU.S.economy,butratherreflectsthegrowingindustrializationofdevelopingcountriessuchasChina,India,Indonesia,andSouthKorea.Thistrendisalsoreflectedintheworldforeigndirectinvestmen

5、tpicture.AsdepictedinFigure1.2inthetextbook,theshareofworldoutput(orthestockofforeigndirectinvestment)generatedbydevelopingcountrieshasbeenonasteadyincreasesincethe1960s,whiletheshareofworldoutputgeneratedbyrichindustrialcountrieshasbeenonasteadydecline.Shiftsinthewor

6、ldeconomycanalsobeseenthroughtheshiftingpowerofmultinationalenterprises.Sincethe1960s,therehavebeentwonotabletrendsinthedemographicsofthemultinationalenterprise.Thefirsthasbeentheriseofnon-U.S.multinationals,particularlyJapanesemultinationals.Thesecondhasbeentheemerge

7、nceofagrowingnumberofsmallandmedium-sizedmultinationals,calledmini-multinationals.ThefallofCommunisminEasternEuropeandtherepublicsoftheformerSovietUnionhavebroughtaboutthefinalshiftintheworldeconomy.ManyoftheformerCommunistnationsofEuropeandAsiaseemtoshareacommitmentt

8、odemocraticpoliticsandfreemarketeconomies.SimilardevelopmentsarebeingobservedinLatinAmerica.Ifthesetrendscontinue,theopportu